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On the Police/Military Control of Popular Neighborhoods
Mathieu Rigouste WAGING WAR AT HOME: ON THE POLICE/MILITARY CONTROL OF POPULAR NEIGHBORHOODS The revolt in the Villiers-le-Bel suburban neighborhood in November 2007 was put down by police forces using material and techniques belonging specifically to the repertoire of urban warfare, including reconnaissance drones (small unmanned aerial vehicles), helicopters, snipers, and night-vision devices. Over the following few days, the police, aided by antiterrrorist squads (the RAID and GIGN), deployed a saturation and cut- off strategy (with a thousand-odd officers combing the streets to prevent all circulation) aimed at organizing tight control of the neighborhood, based on the rules of urban counterinsur- gency tactics. Fliers calling for anonymous denunciations were circulated within the area as part of psychological action, an integral part of military pacification methods. This type of intervention is part of a long process of incor- poration of military techniques in order-maintenance. Indeed, the concepts of new threats and grey zones, borrowed from the antiterrorism repertoire were used, in the 1990s, to revisit the control of popular neighborhoods. They brought French cités (housing projects) to be construed as local versions of a global phenomenon. The idea is that since the disintegration of the USSR, no-go areas have developed throughout the world, con- taining a mix of all sorts of specific threats such as offending, drug trafficking, Islamic fundamentalism, communitarianism, 107 Waging War at Home: On the Police/Military Control of Popular Neighborhoods urban violence, terrorism, and so on. What these spaces have in common is their nonsubmission to the sovereignty of any state. -
US Military Ranks and Units
US Military Ranks and Units Modern US Military Ranks The table shows current ranks in the US military service branches, but they can serve as a fair guide throughout the twentieth century. Ranks in foreign military services may vary significantly, even when the same names are used. Many European countries use the rank Field Marshal, for example, which is not used in the United States. Pay Army Air Force Marines Navy and Coast Guard Scale Commissioned Officers General of the ** General of the Air Force Fleet Admiral Army Chief of Naval Operations Army Chief of Commandant of the Air Force Chief of Staff Staff Marine Corps O-10 Commandant of the Coast General Guard General General Admiral O-9 Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Vice Admiral Rear Admiral O-8 Major General Major General Major General (Upper Half) Rear Admiral O-7 Brigadier General Brigadier General Brigadier General (Commodore) O-6 Colonel Colonel Colonel Captain O-5 Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Commander O-4 Major Major Major Lieutenant Commander O-3 Captain Captain Captain Lieutenant O-2 1st Lieutenant 1st Lieutenant 1st Lieutenant Lieutenant, Junior Grade O-1 2nd Lieutenant 2nd Lieutenant 2nd Lieutenant Ensign Warrant Officers Master Warrant W-5 Chief Warrant Officer 5 Master Warrant Officer Officer 5 W-4 Warrant Officer 4 Chief Warrant Officer 4 Warrant Officer 4 W-3 Warrant Officer 3 Chief Warrant Officer 3 Warrant Officer 3 W-2 Warrant Officer 2 Chief Warrant Officer 2 Warrant Officer 2 W-1 Warrant Officer 1 Warrant Officer Warrant Officer 1 Blank indicates there is no rank at that pay grade. -
Bulletin Officiel Du Ministère De L'intérieur
15 février 2020 MINISTÈRE DE L’INTÉRIEUR BULLETIN OFFICIEL DU MINISTÈRE DE L’INTÉRIEUR No 2020-2 Direction de l’information légale Sommaire chronologique et administrative 26, rue Desaix 75727 Paris Cedex 15 ISSN : 1282-7924 Édité par : La délégation à l’information Sommaire thématique et à la communication du ministère de l’intérieur Directeur de la publication : Thomas CAMPEAUX, directeur des libertés publiques et des affaires juridiques Application du titre Ier de la loi no 78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 relatif à la liberté d’accès aux documents administratifs NOTA Les annexes citées et non incluses dans le présent document peuvent être obtenues, sur simple demande, auprès des directions dont elles émanent. Il est important de donner les références précises (date et numéro de code). BULLETIN OFFICIEL DU MINISTÈRE DE L’INTÉRIEUR Sommaire chronologique Pages 11 octobre 2019 Décision no 42311 du 11 octobre 2019 portant inscription au tableau d’avancement pour l’année 2019 du personnel sous-officier de réserve du commandement de la gendarmerie de Mayotte .......................................................................................................................... 88 Décision no 42313 du 11 octobre 2019 portant promotion d’un sous-officier de réserve du commandement de la gendarmerie de Mayotte .................................................................. 89 Décision no 42358 du 11 octobre 2019 portant inscription au tableau d’avancement pour l’année 2019 du personnel sous-officier de réserve du commandement de la gendarmerie -
The Department of France AMERICAN LEGION
The Department of France AMERICAN LEGION DEPARTMENT COMMANDER James Settle the Post Home. Make sure your delegates have a delegates letter or they will not be allowed to vote on any motions presented. My Fellow Legionaries It is time for Post Commanders and Adjutants to start I was invited to, and attended John Wayne Post GR79's ceremony working on their proposed Awards. The Awards packets are event on 11 January 2015, due to the Awards Chairman, Comrade Brown not later than honoring the 30th anniversary of 18 April 2015. the Awards Committee will meet on the 25th three soldiers' who died in a of April 2015 in Heilbronn. If your Awards packets are completed they can be turned in during the 3rd DEC in missile mishap on 11 January 1985, Kitzingen in March. at Red Leg Waldheide Heilbronn. The ceremony was done with respect and honored those fallen warriors of the COLD WAR. On 31st of January 2015 members of GR06, along with department officers conducted a membership drive at the Kaiserslautern Post GR01 will have a farewell dinner for Vice P.X on Panzer Kaserne from 1000 till 1700 hours. The Commander Stephen Ward, on the 2nd of February 2015. membership drive was a success, and GR06 even had a few Vice Commander Ward has been reassigned to the United of their current members renew for 2015. States, and will depart Germany on or about the 8th of Important information… February 2015. Vice Commander Ward will be sorely missed within the Department of France, we thank Vice The Department Sergeant-at-Arms/POW/MIA Chairman Commander Ward for his support to the Department of Comrade Hal Rittenberg(Post GR09)had to resign due to France over the last several years, and wish him and his health reasons. -
Army Abbreviations
Army Abbreviations Abbreviation Rank Descripiton 1LT FIRST LIEUTENANT 1SG FIRST SERGEANT 1ST BGLR FIRST BUGLER 1ST COOK FIRST COOK 1ST CORP FIRST CORPORAL 1ST LEADER FIRST LEADER 1ST LIEUT FIRST LIEUTENANT 1ST LIEUT ADC FIRST LIEUTENANT AIDE-DE-CAMP 1ST LIEUT ADJT FIRST LIEUTENANT ADJUTANT 1ST LIEUT ASST SURG FIRST LIEUTENANT ASSISTANT SURGEON 1ST LIEUT BN ADJT FIRST LIEUTENANT BATTALION ADJUTANT 1ST LIEUT REGTL QTR FIRST LIEUTENANT REGIMENTAL QUARTERMASTER 1ST LT FIRST LIEUTENANT 1ST MUS FIRST MUSICIAN 1ST OFFICER FIRST OFFICER 1ST SERG FIRST SERGEANT 1ST SGT FIRST SERGEANT 2 CL PVT SECOND CLASS PRIVATE 2 CL SPEC SECOND CLASS SPECIALIST 2D CORP SECOND CORPORAL 2D LIEUT SECOND LIEUTENANT 2D SERG SECOND SERGEANT 2LT SECOND LIEUTENANT 2ND LT SECOND LIEUTENANT 3 CL SPEC THIRD CLASS SPECIALIST 3D CORP THIRD CORPORAL 3D LIEUT THIRD LIEUTENANT 3D SERG THIRD SERGEANT 3RD OFFICER THIRD OFFICER 4 CL SPEC FOURTH CLASS SPECIALIST 4 CORP FOURTH CORPORAL 5 CL SPEC FIFTH CLASS SPECIALIST 6 CL SPEC SIXTH CLASS SPECIALIST ACTG HOSP STEW ACTING HOSPITAL STEWARD ADC AIDE-DE-CAMP ADJT ADJUTANT ARMORER ARMORER ART ARTIF ARTILLERY ARTIFICER ARTIF ARTIFICER ASST BAND LDR ASSISTANT BAND LEADER ASST ENGR CAC ASSISTANT ENGINEER ASST QTR MR ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER ASST STEWARD ASSISTANT STEWARD ASST SURG ASSISTANT SURGEON AUX 1 CL SPEC AUXILARY 1ST CLASS SPECIALIST AVN CADET AVIATION CADET BAND CORP BAND CORPORAL BAND LDR BAND LEADER BAND SERG BAND SERGEANT BG BRIGADIER GENERAL BGLR BUGLER BGLR 1 CL BUGLER 1ST CLASS BLKSMITH BLACKSMITH BN COOK BATTALION COOK BN -
FRANCE: National Police, Gendarmerie and First Responders FRANCE: National Police, Gendarmerie and First Responders
FRANCE: National Police, Gendarmerie and First Responders FRANCE: National Police, Gendarmerie and First Responders Cara Boulesteix January 2014 Overview La Police Nationale (PN, or National Police), La Gendarmerie Nationale (often simply referred to as the Gendarmerie, or military police), Les Sapeurs-pompiers (SP, or firefighters), La Brigade des sapeurs-pompiers de Paris (BSPP, or Parisian firefighting brigade), le Bataillon des marins-pompiers de Marseille (BMPM or Marseille Marine Firefighting Division) and La Sécurité Civile (SC, or Civil Security), guarantee the safety of the French population and of the country’s national interests at home and at times abroad. They also prevent and deter crime, and help those in need when there is a crisis. The PN and SC are part of the Ministry of Interior (MoI). The Gendarmerie, or military police, hold military rank but were attached to the MoI in 2008 for budgetary reasons and their roles overlap in places with the PN. BSPP and BMPM are specialized units of the French Army and French Navy, respectively. Budget The 2013 budget reflected a renewed focus on security. Although many other sectors (including defense) were cut in the latest budget cycle, security was one of the few sectors that was actually augmented (defense cut almost 8,000 jobs). After a flare-up of violence in the summer of 2012, President Hollande promised additional resources for the PN, particularly in troubled suburban areas surrounding large French cities. This pledge was evident in the 2013 budget, which cancelled a previous plan to eliminate 3,200 positions, and instead planned to create 5,000 additional jobs by 2017.1 Many of these new positions will be focused in priority areas for safety, particularly in areas with a high risk for trafficking, underground activities, and violence. -
FRANCE Army.Pdf
FRANCE How to Become a Military Officer in the French Armed Forces: The basic education and training of the military officers of the French Army, Navy, Air Force and Gendarmerie is the role of four distinct schools: the Military Schools of Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan (Coëtquidan), the Naval Schools (Brest), the Air Force Academy (Salon-de- Provence) and the Gendarmerie Officers’ College (Melun). These schools educate and train the future officers issued from direct recruitment but also from the internal recruitment (through promotion). The scheme presented above focus on the former way of access to commissioning. In order to become officers, the candidates must first complete their bachelor (3 years) or preparatory (2 years) studies in civilian universities or preparatory classes. Then, they will complete their master studies in the respective service schools. Even though the schools are enabled to deliver higher education diplomas and to organise research activities, cooperation with the civilian institutions remains a key word. European and international mobility, also, is seen as an important vector for the education and training of the future military elites. Non-commissioned officers may also become, through indirect recruitment, commissioned officer after completion of a specific bachelor programme. The vocational training, until the application level, is organised and provided by the military schools themselves. It is a fundamental part of the commissioning curriculum since it is fully integrated in the master diploma, indistinctively -
FRANCE France Officially the French Republic (French: République Française) Is a Member of the European Union Since 1 January 1958
FRANCE France officially the French Republic (French: République française) is a member of the European Union since 1 January 1958. It is in Western Europe bordered by Belgium and Luxembourg in the north east, Germany and Switzerland in the east, Italy and Monaco in the south-east, Spain and Andorra in the south west. CAPITAL Paris POPULATION 64 million AREA 675,417 km² (551,500 km² France Metro) LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Direction générale des douanes et droits indirects) French Customs falls under the Directorate- CONTACT DETAILS General of Customs and Indirect Taxes, part of WEBSITE: the Ministry of Budget, Public Accounts and Civil Directorate-General of Service. The Directorate-General is in charge of Customs and Indirect Taxes detecting and tackling fraud, illegal trafficking drugs, counterfeits products and swindling with TELEPHONE cigarettes and tobacco. With a workforce of 0811204444 18,800 agents, French Customs has the legal +33172407850 powers to fight against organised crime, EMAIL alongside the Police and Gendarmerie. Last year, [email protected] French customs detected more than 100,000 customs offences, seized 50 tonnes of drugs, 202 tonnes of cigarettes and tobacco products, and 4.6 million tonnes of counterfeit goods. Within the framework of international organised crime, French Customs continues to intensify its fruitful collaboration with Europol. Between 2004 1 and 2008 the number of requests sent to Europol AWF in which the Customs participates doubled. French National Police (La Police Nationale Française) The French National Police is a civil institution CONTACT DETAILS falling under the Ministry of Interior. -
The Paradox of Gendarmeries: Between Expansion, Demilitarization and Dissolution
0088 CCOUVERTUREOUVERTURE pp1X.ai1X.ai 1 229-10-139-10-13 33:49:51:49:51 PPMM SSR PAPER 8 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K The Paradox of Gendarmeries: Between Expansion, Demilitarization and Dissolution Derek Lutterbeck DCAF DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law SSR PAPER 8 The Paradox of Gendarmeries: Between Expansion, Demilitarization and Dissolution Derek Lutterbeck DCAF The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international foundation whose mission is to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The Centre develops and promotes norms and standards, conducts tailored policy research, identifies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector governance, and provides in‐country advisory support and practical assistance programmes. SSR Papers is a flagship DCAF publication series intended to contribute innovative thinking on important themes and approaches relating to security sector reform (SSR) in the broader context of security sector governance (SSG). Papers provide original and provocative analysis on topics that are directly linked to the challenges of a governance‐driven security sector reform agenda. SSR Papers are intended for researchers, policy‐makers and practitioners involved in this field. ISBN 978‐92‐9222‐286‐4 © 2013 The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces EDITORS Heiner Hänggi & Albrecht Schnabel PRODUCTION Yury Korobovsky COPY EDITOR Cherry Ekins COVER IMAGES © ‘Gendarmerie Line’ by Mike Baker, ‘French Gendarmerie being trained by Belgian Soldiers in IEDs in Afghanistan’ by unidentified government source, ‘Guardia Civil’ by Joaquim Pol, ‘Carabinieri’ by hhchalle The views expressed are those of the author(s) alone and do not in any way reflect the views of the institutions referred to or represented within this paper. -
The Case of Mali (2013–2016)
Transitioning from military interventions to long-term counter-terrorism policy The Case of Mali (2013–2016) Sergei Boeke April 2016 Transitioning from military interventions to long-term counter-terrorism policy: The case of Mali (2013-2016) Sergei Boeke ISSN 2452-0551 e-ISSN 2452-056X Preferred citation: Boeke, S. “Transitioning from military interventions to long-term counter-terrorism policy: The case of Mali (2013-2016)”, Leiden University – Institute of Security and Global Affairs (2016). © 2016, Sergei Boeke / Leiden University Cover design: Oscar Langley www.oscarlangley.com All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this report may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owners Leiden University and Australian National University and the author of the book. Contents Map of Mali 4 Preface 5 Policy Recommendations 6 A. Pre-intervention phase: improving decision-making by governments 6 B. Entry phase: the military intervention 8 C. Transition phase: towards local ownership 11 1 Introduction 16 2 Country and Conflict 19 2.1 Background 19 2.2 International context 20 2.3 Structural causes of conflict 25 2.4 Immediate causes of conflict 29 3 The pre-intervention phase 32 3.1 Decision-making and political context 32 3.2 International law and legality 34 3.3 Military planning and intelligence 35 3.4 Political -
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Foreword By Dr. Karen Finkenbinder Michael Burgoyne has made a valuable contribution to stabilization. The 21st century requires a new way of thinking. U.S. experts such as David Bayley, Robert Perito, and Michael Dziedzic have discussed a security gap in post-conflict and failed states, and promoted ways to close it. The U.S. model of decentralized policing is not it. Rather, as Burgoyne notes, we must look to our partners that have Gendarmerie Type Forces (GTF) – Stability Police Forces. Though others may be able to do stability policing in the short-term, Stability Police made up of GTF are the best approach. They have extensive expertise and experience policing civilian communities (the latter lacking in military forces), often in high-crime and insecure environments. As Burgoyne rightly observes, “the military lacks expertise in policing and law enforcement which can create a counterproductive outcome when training foreign police forces. Even military police lack the community policing knowledge resident in European SPFs.” Rather than enable minimally qualified U.S. contractors or use military personnel, the United States should continue to partner with the Center of Excellence for Stability Policing Units (CoESPU) in Vicenza, Italy, an organization that includes GTF officers from many countries and develops international stability police. Similarly, the United States should support the development of the NATO Stability Police Concept that envisions military forces quickly transitioning to stability police who either replace or reinforce indigenous forces. And, the United States should support efforts by the European Gendarmerie Forces (EUROGENDFOR) to enable their deployment in support of European partners. -
Supreme Court of the United States ———— the AMERICAN LEGION, ET AL., Petitioners, V
Nos. 17-1717 & 18-18 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States ———— THE AMERICAN LEGION, ET AL., Petitioners, v. AMERICAN HUMANIST ASSOCIATION, ET AL., Respondents. ———— MARYLAND-NATIONAL CAPITAL AND PLANNING COMMISSION, Petitioner, v. AMERICAN HUMANIST ASSOCIATION, ET AL., Respondents. ———— On Petitions for Writs of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit ———— BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE RETIRED GENERALS AND FLAG OFFICERS SUPPORTING PETITIONERS ———— EDWIN MEESE III AARON M. STREETT 75TH U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL Counsel of Record 214 Massachusetts Ave., N.E. JONATHAN P. HAVENS Washington, D.C. 20002 CORNELIUS M. SWEERS (202) 546-4400 BAKER BOTTS L.L.P. 910 Louisiana St. Houston, TX 77002 (713) 229-1855 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae Retired Generals and Flag Officers WILSON-EPES PRINTING CO., INC. – (202) 789-0096 – WASHINGTON, D.C. 20002 i QUESTION PRESENTED Whether a 93-year-old memorial to the fallen of World War I is unconstitutional merely because it is shaped like a cross. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Question Presented .................................................... i Interest of Amici Curiae ........................................... 1 Summary of Argument .............................................. 7 Argument .................................................................... 8 I. Monuments In The Form Of A Cross Have Long Been Used To Honor American Soldiers Who Fought And Died During World War I And Subse- quent Wars ................................................... 8 A. Cross symbols have long been used as battlefield markers and memo- rials ........................................................ 9 B. This battlefield history is reflected in numerous memorials to fallen soldiers, including the memorial cross at Bladensburg ........................... 11 II. Congress Has Recognized The Use Of Crosses To Honor The Fallen .................... 13 III.