Zantedeschia Aethiopica Calla Or Arum Lily

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Zantedeschia Aethiopica Calla Or Arum Lily

TREATMENT OPTIONS from the book Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States This does not constitute a formal recommendation. When using herbicides always read the label, and when in doubt consult your farm advisor or county agent. This is an excerpt from the book Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States and is available wholesale through the UC Weed Research & Information Center (wric.ucdavis.edu) or retail through the Western Society of Weed Science (wsweedscience.org) or the California Invasive Species Council (cal-ipc.org). Zantedeschia aethiopica Calla or arum lily Family: Araceae NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL Grazing P can be toxic to animals Prescribed burning P Mowing and cutting G must be repeated Tillage P will spread rhizomes Grubbing, digging or hand pulling G must remove all tubers and rhizomes CHEMICAL CONTROL The following specific use information is based on published papers and reports by researchers and land managers. Other trade names may be available, and other compounds also are labeled for this weed. Directions for use may vary between brands; see label before use. 2,4-D G Imazapic NIA Aminocyclopyrachlor NIA Imazapyr NIA + chlorsulfuron Metsulfuron G Apply at FLW stage Aminopyralid NIA Paraquat F Apply before FLW stage Chlorsulfuron G Apply at FLW stage Picloram NIA Clopyralid NIA Rimsulfuron NIA Dicamba NIA Sulfometuron NIA Glyphosate NIA Sulfosulfuron NIA Hexazinone NIA Triclopyr NIA E = Excellent control, generally better than 95% * = Likely based on results of observations of G = Good control, 80-95% related species FLW = flowering F = Fair control, 50-80% NIA = No information available P = Poor control, below 50% Fa = Fall Control includes effects within the season of treatment. Sp = Spring Control is followed by best timing, if known, when efficacy is E or G. Su = Summer RECOMMENDED CITATION: DiTomaso, J.M., G.B. Kyser et al. 2013. Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States. Weed Research and Information Center, University of California. 544 pp. 1 of 1 2013 .

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Arum Lily Control
ARUM LILY CONTROL Nature Conservation Information Sheet Why control arum lilies? Arum lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) is native to South Africa and was introduced to Australia as an ornamental garden plant. It has become a serious weed in the south west of Western Australia in both pasture and bushland, particularly in damp areas but also invading drier sites. Arum lily is spread by birds and invades areas of good quality native vegetation. Often forming dense monocultures it out competes native understorey species reducing biodiversity and decreasing habitat and food resources for native animals. Arum lily is poisonous to most stock, pets and humans. Symptoms can include swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat, stomach pain, vomiting and severe diarrhoea. Ingestion of the plant may be fatal. The toxicity is due to sequestering of calcium oxalate crystals and possibly other toxic compounds by the plant. Arum lily is a listed as a Declared Plant under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007. Understanding the plant biology Arum lily is a perennial plant. Each year the above ground part of the plant dies back to an underground tuberous rhizome. New leaves begin to regrow in autumn and flowering generally occurs from August to December. The plant then dies back in summer. As well as reproducing via seed, arum lily reproduces vegetatively. Vegetative propagation is by small rhizomes, which are produced on the sides of the main tuber. A 2 cm tuber can produce 25-30 small rhizomes in a year. Even very small rhizomes are capable of producing new growth or new plants if they are detached or the tuber dies.
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Size Variations of Flowering Characters in Arum Italicum (Araceae)
M. GIBERNAU,]. ALBRE, 2008 101 Size Variations of Flowering Characters in Arum italicum (Araceae) Marc Gibernau· and Jerome Albre Universite Paul Sabatier Laboratoire d'Evolution & Diversite Biologique (UMR 5174) Bat.4R3-B2 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France *e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION In Arum, bigger individuals should An extreme form of flowering character proportionally invest more in the female variations according to the size is gender function (number or weight of female modification, which occurs in several flowers) than the male. The aim of this species of Arisaema (Clay, 1993). Individ paper is to quantify variations in repro ual plant gender changes from pure male, ductive characters (size of the spadix when small, to monoecious (A. dracon parts, number of inflorescences) in rela tium) or pure female (A. ringens) when tion to plant and inflorescence sizes. The large (Gusman & Gusman, 2003). This appendix represents 44% of the spadix gender change is reversible, damaged length. The female zone length represents female individuals will flower as male the 16.5% of the spadix length and is much following year (Lovett Doust & Cavers, longer than the male zone (6%). Moreover 1982). These changes are related to change these three spadix zones increase with in plant size and are explained by the plant vigour indicating an increasing size-advantage model. The size-advantage investment into reproduction and pollina model postulates a sex change when an tor attraction. It appears that the length of increase in body size is related to differen appendix increased proportionally more tial abilities to produce or sire offspring than the lengths of the fertile zones.
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