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Rejuvenation of Rispana River System” and the Same May Be Submitted to [email protected] & [email protected]

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Rejuvenation of Rispana River System” and the Same May Be Submitted to Hodcamp.Id@Gmail.Com & Seprojectoffice@Gmail.Com Comments/Suggestions are invited from all the stakeholders (Government Departments, Academic institutions and others associated with revival of Rispana) on draft report submitted by “National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee” for “ Preparation of Strategic Land and Water Management Plan for Rejuvenation of Rispana River System” and the same may be submitted to [email protected] & [email protected] Draft Report PREPARATION OF STRATEGIC LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR REJUVENATION OF RISPANA RIVER SYSTEM Submitted to Irrigation Department, Govt. of Uttarakhand Dehradun National Institute of Hydrology, Jal Vigyan Bhawan, Roorkee (Uttarakhand) – 247667 November 2019 STUDY GROUP A Team of following Scientists and Supporting Staff of National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee worked in this project. Team of Scientists 1 Dr. R.P. Pandey, Scientist G Principal Investigator (PI) 2 Dr. J.V. Tyagi, Scientist G Co-PI 3 Dr Pradeep Kumar, Scientist C Co-PI 4 Dr. Rajesh Singh, Scientist C Co-PI 5 Dr. Sumant Kumar, Scientist C Co-PI 6 Sh. N.K. Bhatnagar, Scientist B Co-PI 7 Sh. Hukam Singh, Scientist B Co-PI 8 Dr R. P. Singh, Hydrogeologist Consultant Team of Supporting Staff 9 Mrs. Anju Chaudhary, SRA 10 Sh. Rakesh Goel, Tech. Gr. I 11 Sh. Y.K. Sharma, Tech. Gr. I 12 Sh. Naresh Kumar, Tech. Gr. II 13 Sh. Pankaj Kumar, Tech Gr. III Draft Report PREPARATION OF STRATEGIC LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR REJUVENATION OF RISPANA RIVER SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Uttarakhand Irrigation Department, Dehradun entrusted this study to National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Roorkee to prepare a suitable plan for land and water management interventions in the Rispana river catchment for enhancing lean season flows in the river. A MOU (No.01/SE(PC)/Rispana dated 04/06/2018 was signed between Uttarakhand Irrigation Department, Dehradun and National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee in respect of this study. The scope of work of study includes mapping of Rispana River network & springs, monitoring and assessment of streamflow and groundwater regime, water budgeting, hydro-geological mapping, water quality assessment and preparation of land and water management plan to augment lean season flow. The study included investigations of hydrological, hydrogeological and water quality aspects, and assessment of water resources and water utilization to prepare a suitable plan for land and water management interventions for rejuvenation of Rispana River. The review of historical literature and reports indicate that the existence of flour mills in the upstream of canal head works and along the Rajpur canal diversion are reasonable evidence to believe that Rispana River was certainly perennial up to the Rajpur Canal Head Works (RCHW) site in the mid of 19th century and may be in the downstream too. However, at present, it is perennial up to Shikhar Fall only. The annual water budgeting of Rispana catchment indicates that there is a total inflow of water from rainfall (average RF = 2247 mm) received is about 120.102 MCM. Out of total inflow, about 55.607 MCM and 40.939 MCM goes as out flow in the form of evapotranspiration and runoff respectively. Based on water balance, the groundwater recharge is estimated to be 23.556 MCM approximately which is comparable to the groundwater recharge estimated as 22.399 MCM using GEC (1997) method. The total utilization of water from major springs and river flow tapping is about 5.200 MCM. The spring flows and river flows diverted for utilization in lean season is actually the part of groundwater recharge from rainfall. The annual water requirement to keep continuous flow in Rispana River in lean season (Nov- May) in a defined section of river course with 10 m breadth and 15 cm depth has been estimated as 38.447 MCM. There are limitations of water storage sites in the Rispana catchment due to the greater slopes (>10%) in upper hilly reaches and urban settlement of Dehradun city in the lower reaches. It does not appear feasible to create storages of required amount (38.447 MCM) out of the total average annual runoff (40.939 MCM). Therefore, land National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee i and water management interventions remain one of the preferred alternative to enhance ground water recharge in the Rispana catchment. A scientific plan to augment groundwater recharge has been prepared based on the topography, slope, soil characteristics, site suitability, stream order of drainage network and land use/land cover. The proposed catchment area treatment measures include land treatment and gully/in-stream treatment. The total estimated volume of annual ground water recharge through the proposed interventions may be achieved as 2.525 MCM. Since, the Rispana catchment comprises of 24% urban area located in alluvial plains, the roof-top rainwater harvesting is also considered for augmenting groundwater recharge with the estimated annual recharge potential of about 5.213 MCM. Thus, the annual potential recharge estimated through the proposed interventions may be achieved in the order of 7.738 MCM. The groundwater levels in the Rispana catchment has depleted considerably (~ 20 m and ~ 5 m) compared to the average groundwater levels during 1995-2004 and 2006-15 respectively. Therefore, the contribution from groundwater as baseflow to the Rispana river is negligible during lean season. Further, the additional groundwater recharge created through the proposed measures may not immediately augment the flows of Rispana river. If the groundwater extraction is not increased further, augmentation of groundwater recharge from proposed interventions will first increase the groundwater levels and as the groundwater levels keep on increasing, the additional recharge through the proposed interventions may get translated into the flows of Rispana river in future during non-monsoon season. Moreover, the assessments indicate that the rooftop rainwater harvesting and staggered trenching are the two most effective interventions to augment groundwater recharge in the Rispana catchment. Therefore, it is suggested that the trenching and roof-top rainwater harvesting in 650 ha land of private estates may also be considered for implementation for further augmentation of ground water recharge in the Rispana catchment. The Krol formations in upper reaches are primarily water yielding rocks in lean season. Upper reaches with Krol formation need to be protected from anthropogenic activities. The domestic waste from Landour Bazar is impacting the quality of river water in terms of organics, trace metals and microbes. However, due to dilution and natural aeration, the water quality of Rispana river remains fair upto Rajpur canal diversion for propagation of wildlife. Further, in Dehradun city reach, the quality gets deteriorated due to influx of domestic effluent. The domestic effluent from Landour Bazar and habitations in the proximity of Rispana below Nangal bridge requires to be tapped and treated suitably. National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee ii CONTENTS Executive Summary i List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Chapter Title Page No No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1-5 1.1 Background 1 1.2 The Rispana River System 2 1.3 Scope and Objectives of the Study 5 2 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS AND DATA ANALYSIS 6-33 2.1 Physical Features of Rispana River Catchment 6 2.1.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 6 2.1.2 Slope Map of Rispana River Catchment 8 2.1.3 Drainage Network and Contour Map 8 2.1.4 Soils in the Rispana catchment 11 2.1.5 Land Use/Land Cover (LCUC) Map 12 2.2 Climate of Rispana Catchment 15 2.2.1 Rainfall Data Used 15 2.2.2 Evaporation Data used 15 2.3 Field Investigations and Measurements 17 2.3.1 Infiltration Tests 18 2.3.2 Investigation of Historical Flow Characteristics of 21 Rispana 2.3.3 Inventory of Spring in the Rispana Catchment 24 2.3.4 Stream Flow measurements 27 2.3.5 Rispana Basin Runoff Computation using Soil 29 Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) 2.3.6 Groundwater Table Condition in the Rispana 30 Catchment 3 WATER BUDGETING 34-42 3.1 General 34 3.2 Water Budgeting of Rispana River 36 3.3 Estimation of Water Required to Maintain flow in Rispana 41 River in lean season (Nov-May) 3.4 Summary 42 National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee iii 4 HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND 43-61 MAPPING 4.1 Introduction 43 4.2 Geology 46 4.3 Chandpur Formation 48 4.4 Nagthat Formation 49 4.5 Blaini Formation 51 4.6 Krol Formation 53 4.7 Doon Gravels 55 4.8 Hydrogeological Characterization 56 4.9 Hard Rocks 57 4.10 Alluvium 59 4.11 Estimation of Recharge Using GEC Method 59 4.12 Remarks 61 5 ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY, SOURCE 62-92 IDENTIFICATION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT 5.1 River Water Sampling & Preservation 62 5.2 Analytical Methodology 64 5.3 Results & Discussion 66 5.3.1 pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) 66 5.3.2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 67 5.3.3 Alkalinity 69 5.3.4 Chloride (Cl-) 69 -2 5.3.5 Sulfate (SO4 ) 69 3− - + 5.3.6 Nitrate (NO ), Nitrite (NO2 ), & Ammonium (NH4 ) 71 5.3.7 Fluoride (F-) 73 5.3.8 Total Hardness (TH) 73 5.3.9 Sodium & Potassium 74 5.3.10 Water Type and Hydro-chemical Facies 75 5.3.11 Transition Metal/Metalloid Distribution 76 5.3.12 Pollution Indicating Parameters 84 5.4 Concluding Remarks 86 5.5 Photo Slides of Sampling Locations 88 6 STRATEGIC PLAN FOR LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT 93-123 INTERVENTIONS 6.1 Prerequisites for Land and Water Management Plan 93 6.1.1 Physiography of the Area 93 6.1.2 Rainfall 99 6.2 Proposed Land and Water Management Interventions 99 6.2.1 Vegetative measures 100 6.2.2 Semi-Structural Measures 102 National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee iv 6.2.3 Groundwater Recharge Structures 110 6.2.4 Engineering/Structural Measures 116 6.2.5 Upgradation of Diversion Structure for Rajpur Canal 119 6.3 Estimation of Groundwater Recharge from Proposed Land 120 and Water Management Interventions in the Rispana Catchment 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 124-128 REFERENCES 129 National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee v LIST OF TABLES Table Table Captions Page No.
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