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Guidelines on Paediatric Urology S
Guidelines on Paediatric Urology S. Tekgül (Chair), H.S. Dogan, E. Erdem (Guidelines Associate), P. Hoebeke, R. Ko˘cvara, J.M. Nijman (Vice-chair), C. Radmayr, M.S. Silay (Guidelines Associate), R. Stein, S. Undre (Guidelines Associate) European Society for Paediatric Urology © European Association of Urology 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Aim 7 1.2 Publication history 7 2. METHODS 8 3. THE GUIDELINE 8 3A PHIMOSIS 8 3A.1 Epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology 8 3A.2 Classification systems 8 3A.3 Diagnostic evaluation 8 3A.4 Disease management 8 3A.5 Follow-up 9 3A.6 Conclusions and recommendations on phimosis 9 3B CRYPTORCHIDISM 9 3B.1 Epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology 9 3B.2 Classification systems 9 3B.3 Diagnostic evaluation 10 3B.4 Disease management 10 3B.4.1 Medical therapy 10 3B.4.2 Surgery 10 3B.5 Follow-up 11 3B.6 Recommendations for cryptorchidism 11 3C HYDROCELE 12 3C.1 Epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology 12 3C.2 Diagnostic evaluation 12 3C.3 Disease management 12 3C.4 Recommendations for the management of hydrocele 12 3D ACUTE SCROTUM IN CHILDREN 13 3D.1 Epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology 13 3D.2 Diagnostic evaluation 13 3D.3 Disease management 14 3D.3.1 Epididymitis 14 3D.3.2 Testicular torsion 14 3D.3.3 Surgical treatment 14 3D.4 Follow-up 14 3D.4.1 Fertility 14 3D.4.2 Subfertility 14 3D.4.3 Androgen levels 15 3D.4.4 Testicular cancer 15 3D.5 Recommendations for the treatment of acute scrotum in children 15 3E HYPOSPADIAS 15 3E.1 Epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology -
Prostatitis Explained Prostatitis
Prostate information Prostatitis Explained Prostatitis Prostatitis (prost-a-ty-tus) is the most common prostate problem for men under 50, but it can affect men of all ages. In fact, almost 1 out of 2 men between 18 and 50 may have at least one bout of prostatitis in their lifetime. Prostatitis is often described as an infection of the prostate but it can also mean that the prostate is inflammed or irritated. If you have prostatitis, you may have a burning feeling when passing urine, pass urine more often, be in a lot of pain, have a fever and chills and feel very tired. Once your doctor has diagnosed your symptoms as prostatitis, then the outlook tends to be good. There are many treatments available and your doctor will work with you to find the treatment(s) most suitable for you depending on the type of prostatitis you have. So, it may take slightly longer for some men to see an improvement in their symptoms. However, even when you feel your symptoms are starting to improve you should still continue with your treatment or medication. It may be reassuring to know that prostatitis is neither connected with cancer nor does it mean there is an increased risk of developing prostate cancer in the future, but it can cause worrying symptoms. Table of contents Page Types of prostatitis 3 Acute bacterial prostatitis 5 Chronic bacterial prostatitis 8 Chronic pelvic pain syndrome 9 Treatment for CBP and CPPS 13 Coping with pain 14 Tips to relieve prostatitis 16 Prostatitis There are different types of prostatitis. -
Vasectomy Reversal (VR)
Vasectomy Reversal (VR) ! Need to know Please read this before your Vasectomy Reversal Preparing for the VR • Do not eat or drink after midnight if your operation is in the morning and not after 7.00am if it is in the afternoon. • Please shave the hair at the front and sides of the scrotum from the base of the penis down. You do not need to shave the pubic hair • Take supportive underpants (not your best) or a jockstrap into the hospital with you and to theatre to wear after the operation. • Arrange a week off work. • Avoid intercourse for two weeks after the operation and heavy lifting for four weeks. REF 0000.0 – 12/15 What to expect during the VR • An infection of the scrotum rarely occurs but if it does, • An incision is placed on each side of the scrotum that will present a few days after the surgery and is apparent are a little larger than those used for the vasectomy. because the pain becomes worse rather than better and the scrotum becomes red. • The vas is a very small muscular tube with a 2mm outer diameter and an inner diameter through which If you experience any of the above complications or sperm flow (the lumen), of less than 1/2mm. Since the have any other problem occur after your VR, please structure is so small, the stitches must be placed very call the Clinic or your Surgeon if outside clinic exactly so that there is minimal scarring. Too much hours. scarring can cause the lumen of the vas to close and the procedure to fail. -
The Fine Art of Prostate Massage
The Fine Art of Prostate Massage Part I: What exactly are we dealing with here? Or, Anatomy, 101 • What is the prostate gland? Very simply, it is the part of the male body that store and secretes an essential part of semen. More specifically, the prostate gland produces an alkaline fluid that makes up about 30% of the semen. The alkalinity, interestingly, helps offset female vaginal acidity. • Where is the prostate gland? The prostate is located in lower abdominal area, roughly between the bladder and the rectal wall (which makes it easy to feel and to play with). Notice that one part of the prostate (shown in green) runs along the wall near the rectal area. This is the part that we are interested in. The prostate is slightly larger than a walnut, which can make both exams and play a bit challenging. Anatomy is highly variable, which means we have to be patient. • Do biological females have a prostate gland? Not in the same way that a biological male does. There is a small gland, also called the Skene’s Gland or the paraurethural gland. While it is homologous to the male prostate, it serves a slightly different purpose. An authoritative medical group officially called the female prostate such in 2002, and it is thus “officially” known as a prostate. It does play an active role during the female orgasm. The female prostate is located in approximately the same place as the male prostate. The anatomy here, though, is also highly variable. It may play a significant part in female “ejaculation”. -
Semen Parameters of Cancer Patients at Diagnosis
FERTILITY AND STERILITY VOL. 82, NO. 2, AUGUST 2004 Copyright ©2004 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Published by Elsevier Inc. Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Normal semen parameters in cancer patients presenting for cryopreservation before gonadotoxic therapy Similar sperm qualities in men with and without cancer were found. Patient and physician awareness and early referral for sperm banking are essential in preserving fertility potential in men with malignancies. (Fertil Steril 2004;82:505–6. ©2004 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) Prior investigators have reported that more than half of the men of reproductive age with malignancies, such as testicular cancer and lymphoma, have impaired semen quality (1, 2). Chemotherapy or radiotherapy can further damage spermatogenesis, with lasting effects of up to 5 years (3). With increased awareness of the need for sperm banking, men have been presenting for cryopreservation soon after diagnosis. However, physicians might fail to offer cryopreservation to men with cancer, assuming that the semen quality is too impaired and that the fertility potential will further be decreased by the process of cryopreservation (4). With sophisticated assisted reproductive techniques, pregnancies and deliveries have been reported with cryopre- served spermatozoa from cancer patients, without increased risk of congenital anomalies (5, 6). In addition, with excellent cure rates for testicular cancer and increased survival in many urologic and nonurologic malignancies, most cancer survivors want to have children. We present a comparative analysis of sperm quality and postthaw survival in men with and without malignancies. The statistical database of all men seeking sperm cryopreservation at a single licensed and accredited sperm bank was reviewed from 1997 to 2001. -
Andrological Sciences Official Journal of the Italian Society of Andrology
Vol. 17 • No. 2 • June 2010 Journal of ANDROLOGICAL SCIENCES Official Journal of the Italian Society of Andrology Cited in Past Editors Editorial Board Fabrizio Menchini Fabris (Pisa) Antonio Aversa (Roma) SCOPUS Elsevier Database 1994-2004 Ciro Basile Fasolo (Pisa) Carlo Bettocchi (Bari) Edoardo Pescatori (Modena) Guglielmo Bonanni (Padova) Paolo Turchi (Pisa) Massimo Capone (Gorizia) 2005-2008 Tommasi Cai (Firenze) Luca Carmignani (Milano) Antonio Casarico (Genova) Editors-in-Chief Carlo Ceruti (Torino) Vincenzo Ficarra (Padova) Fulvio Colombo (Milano) Andrea Salonia (Milano) Luigi Cormio (Foggia) Federico Dehò (Milano) Giorgio Franco (Roma) Editor Assistant Andrea Galosi (Ancona) Ferdinando Fusco (Napoli) Giulio Garaffa (London) Andrea Garolla (Padova) Paolo Gontero (Torino) Managing Editor Vincenzo Gulino (Roma) Vincenzo Gentile (Roma) Massimo Iafrate (Padova) Copyright Sandro La Vignera (Catamia) SIAS S.r.l. • via Luigi Bellotti Bon, 10 Francesco Lanzafame (Catania) 00197 Roma Delegate of Executive Committee Giovanni Liguori (Trieste) of SIA Mario Mancini (Milano) Editorial Office Giuseppe La Pera (Roma) Alessandro Mofferdin (Modena) Lucia Castelli (Editorial Assistant) Nicola Mondaini (Firenze) Tel. 050 3130224 • Fax 050 3130300 Giacomo Novara (Padova) [email protected] Section Editor – Psychology Enzo Palminteri (Arezzo) Pacini Editore S.p.A. • Via A. Gherardesca 1 Annamaria Abbona (Torino) Furio Pirozzi Farina (Sassari) 56121 Ospedaletto (Pisa), Italy Giorgio Pomara (Pisa) Marco Rossato (Padova) Publisher Statistical Consultant Paolo Rossi (Pisa) Pacini Editore S.p.A. Elena Ricci (Milano) Antonino Saccà (Milano) Via A. Gherardesca 1, Gianfranco Savoca (Palermo) 56121 Ospedaletto (Pisa), Italy Omidreza Sedigh (Torino) Tel. 050 313011 • Fax 050 3130300 Marcello Soli (Bologna) [email protected] Paolo Verze (Napoli) www.pacinimedicina.it Alessandro Zucchi (Perugia) www.andrologiaitaliana.it INDEX Journal of Andrological Sciences EDITORIAL PCA3 a promising urine biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis V. -
Specific Antigen Level and Serum Fasting Glucose, Total Cholesterol
Original Article DO I: 10.4274/uob.999 Bulletin of Urooncology 2018;17:59-62 Assessment of the Relationship Between Serum Prostate- Specific Antigen Level and Serum Fasting Glucose, Total Cholesterol and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Men Aged 50-70 Years with Prostate-Specific Antigen Level 0-10 ng/mL without Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Bora İrer MD İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Eşrefpaşa Hospital, Clinic of Urology, İzmir, Turkey Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in men without prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 2010 and 2017, 2631 male participants aged 50-70 years with a serum PSA level of 0-10 ng/mL were included from a population of 4643 healthy males who participated in a health screening program conducted by the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Eşrefpaşa Hospital in the district villages of İzmir. Participants’ serum PSA, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol levels, and NLR were retrospectively assessed. Participants were grouped as those with high and low serum PSA levels, high and low glucose levels, and high and low cholesterol levels. Differences between the groups in terms of serum PSA levels, serum total cholesterol, glucose, and NLR were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.2±5.4 years and the mean serum PSA level was 1.28±1.20 ng/mL. The mean PSA value was higher in the high cholesterol group (1.36±1.33 vs 1.19±1.02, p<0.001) compared to the low cholesterol group, and the mean PSA value in the high glucose group was lower than in the low glucose group (1.08±0.86 vs 1.32±1.25, p<0.001). -
Microsurgical Vasectomy Reversal: Results and Predictors of Success
9REVUE Andrologie 2005, 15, N~ 167-171 Microsurgical vasectomy reversal : results and predictors of success Gert R. DOHLE, Marij SMIT Andrology unit, Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ABSTRACT successfully. The results of vasectomy reversal procedu- res can be improved substantially if the surgeon is able to perform a vaso-epididymostomy in cases of a secondary Microsurgical vasectomy reversal is a challenge for the epididymal obstruction, occurring in about 25% of men physician but successful treatment depends on the expe- with an interval of more than 10 years. rience and skills of the surgeon. Fertility can often be res- tored, thus avoiding the need for artificial reproductive techniques. Also, the surgical procedures can be combi- Key words : male infertility, microsurgery, vasectomy rever- ned with sperm aspiration and cryopreservation, to be sal, vasoepididymostemy used for Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in cases of surgical failure. We describe the results of 217 vasova- sostomy procedures, with special emphasis on recent technical refinements and prognostic indicators. I. INTRODUCTION Between 1998 and 2002 we performed 217 vasovasosto- my-procedures in an outpatient clinic setting. Microsurgery in urology is mainly applied in obstructive Refertilisation was successful in 76.5%, spontaneous pre- male infertility and varicocele repair. Other indications are gnancy occurred in 42% of the couples after a follow-up vascular erectile dysfunction and penile or testicular vas- of at least 1 year. The main prognostic factors determi- cular trauma. Obstructions of the male genital tract repre- ning the outcome of the surgery was the interval between sent 5-10% of the causes of male infertility and in 70-80% vasectomy and refertilisation and the age of the female of these men surgical repair can be performed [11]. -
Semen Parameters in Men with Spinal Cord Injury: Changes and Aetiology
Infertility and spinal cord injury DOI: 10.1111/J.1745-7262.2007.00277.X www.asiaandro.com .Original Article . Semen parameters in men with spinal cord injury: changes and aetiology Mohamed N. Momen1, Ibrahim Fahmy1, Medhat Amer1,2, Mohamad Arafa1, Wael Zohdy1, Taha A. Naser1 1Andrology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 2Adam International Clinic, Giza 12411, Egypt Abstract Aim: To assess the changes in semen parameters in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and the possible causes of these changes. Methods: The study included 45 subjects with SCI. Semen retrieval was done by masturbation (2), vigorous prostatic massage (n = 13), penile vibratory stimulation (n = 13) or electroejaculation (n = 17). Results: The semen of men with SCI showed normal volume (2.3 ± 1.9 mL) and sperm count (85.0 × 106 ± 83.8 × 106/mL) with decreased motility (11.6% ± 10.1%), vitality (18.5% ± 15.2%) and normal forms (17.5 ± 13.4%), and pus cells has been increased (6.0 × 106 ± 8.2 × 106/mL). Total (13.4 ± 9.9 vs. 7.1 ± 6.8) and progressive (4.4 ± 3.9 vs. 2.2 ± 2.1) motility were significantly higher in subjects with lower scrotal temperatures. There was no statistical significant difference between electroejaculation and penile vibratory stimulation groups as regards any of the semen parameters. Subjects’ age, infrequent ejaculation, injury duration and hormonal profile showed no significant effect on semen parameters. Conclusion: The defining characteristics of the seminogram in men with SCI are normal volume and count with decreased sperm motility, vitality and normal forms, and the increased number of pus cells. -
Narrative Review of Urinary Glycan Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer
1864 Review Article on Urinary Biomarkers of Urological Malignancies Narrative review of urinary glycan biomarkers in prostate cancer Shingo Hatakeyama1^, Tohru Yoneyama2^, Yuki Tobisawa3^, Hayato Yamamoto3, Chikara Ohyama1,2,3^ 1Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan; 2Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan; 3Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan Contributions: (I) Conception and design: S Hatakeyama; (II) Administrative support: None; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: None; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: All authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: All authors; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Shingo Hatakeyama, MD. Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036- 8562, Japan. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. The application of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test has improved the diagnosis and treatment of PC. However, the PSA test has become associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers of PC. Urinary glycoproteins and exosomes are a potential source of PC glycan biomarkers. Urinary glycan profiling can provide noninvasive monitoring of tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness throughout a treatment course. However, urinary glycan profiling is not popular due to technical disadvantages, such as complicated structural analysis that requires specialized expertise. The technological development of glycan analysis is a rapidly advancing field. A lectin-based microarray can detect aberrant glycoproteins in urine, including PSA glycoforms and exosomes. -
Controversies in Using Urine Samples for Prostate Cancer Detection: PSA and PCA3 Expression Analysis
Clinical Urology Prostate Cancer detection International Braz J Urol Vol. 37 (6): 719-726, November - December, 2011 Controversies in using urine samples for Prostate Cancer detection: PSA and PCA3 expression analysis S. Fontenete, J. Silva, A.L. Teixeira, R. Ribeiro, E. Bastos, F. Pina, R. Medeiros Molecular Oncology Group and Virology LB (SF, JS, ALT, RR, RM), Portuguese Institute of Oncol- ogy of Porto; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (SF, JS, ALT, RR, RM), University of Porto; Research Department - Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRN) (JS, ALT, RR, RM), Porto; Centre of Genetics and Biotechnology (EB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro; Department of Urology (FP), S. João Hospital, University of Porto Medical School; CE- BIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University (RM), Porto, Portugal ABSTRACT Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the world. Although PSA utili- zation as a serum marker has improved prostate cancer detection it still presents some limitations, mainly regarding its specificity. The expression of this marker, along with the detection of PCA3 mRNA in urine samples, has been suggested as a new approach for PCa detection. The goal of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of the urinary detection of PCA3 mRNA and PSA mRNA without performing the somewhat embarrassing prostate massage. It was also intended to opti- mize and implement a methodological protocol for this kind of sampling. Materials and Methods: Urine samples from 57 patients with suspected prostate disease were collected, without under- going prostate massage. Increased serum PSA levels were confirmed by medical records review. -
Heteronormativity and Homophobia In
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank POWER AND PLEASURE: HETERONORMATIVITY AND HOMOPHOBIA IN HETEROSEXUAL SEX by LAUREN STEWART A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Sociology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2018 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Lauren Stewart Title: Power and Pleasure: Heteronormativity and Homophobia in Heterosexual Sex This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Sociology by: Jocelyn Hollander Co-Chair CJ Pascoe Co-Chair Eileen Otis Core Member Yvonne Braun Institutional Representative and Sara D. Hodges Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2018. ii © 2018 Lauren Stewart DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Lauren Stewart iii Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology June 2018 Title: Power and Pleasure: Heteronormativity and Homophobia in Heterosexual Sex How do sex practices get constructed as normal? This research evaluates discussions of pegging, a gender non-conforming sex practice within heterosexual sex whereby women anally penetrate men. Data were collected from the website Reddit and its subreddit r/sex. 3,485 comments posted to 30 discussion threads were analyzed for common themes. Findings suggest that pegging confuses gendered expectations for “having sex”. Additionally, heteronormativity and homophobia were found to structure heterosexual interactions, including the ways in which gender and sexual identities, desire, and bodies are understood.