H2820 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 21, 2002 It is not a political gimmick or a medications without worrying about whether or They were bits of information, like short-term, cynical fix we seek; in- not they can afford food. And they have to be the CIA saying there might be an at- stead, it is a change that should be re- able to count on catastrophic coverage. tempt to hijack an airplane, but no flected in Medicare, to bring Medicare No senior should have to decide between linkage of that act to an attack on the into the 21st century. This is the chal- prescription drugs and food, or prescription Trade Center; or the fact that other lenge we confront, Mr. Speaker, work- drugs and turning on the air conditioner in the agencies were looking at pilots that ing together, men and women of good middle of a brutal Oklahoma summer. That’s were obtaining licenses and had no in- will across the panorama of political just not fair. Our parents, and grandparents, tention of landing an airplane. Each of philosophies, across the partisan di- deserve better than that. That’s why I’m so ex- these bits of information, while being vide, to heed the message of our seniors cited to be on the Speaker’s team, to help ad- provided to the upper levels of our gov- who say they need and want prescrip- vise him on the concerns facing today’s sen- ernment, in and of themselves would tion drug coverage now; that the cost iors. We have to be realistic about how we not lead anyone to believe that an im- of medicines can be lowered, that we structure the plan, but the bottom line is that: minent attack was about to occur on can usher in a new age of Medicare for seniors must be able to afford their prescrip- the Trade Center. tions. I hope that my colleagues on both sides the 21st century reflecting the changes But Mr. Speaker, as I said on Sep- of the aisle would agree. This is our goal, and in medical technology, utilizing some tember 11 on CNN live at 12 noon from one we should reach across the aisle on, to of the commonsense proposals and the roof of a church across from the principles our parents taught us about help seniors. We must create policy, not poli- tics. We must provide worthwhile prescription Capitol, on that day the government the value of a dollar, weaning out did fail the American people. Now, the waste, fraud and abuse, making the ef- drug coverage for our parents and grand- parents, and we must do it immediately. President did not fail the American fort to continue to improve lives, to people, but the government failed the continue to improve the quality of life, f American people. and set a prudent public policy based DEFENDING PRESIDENT BUSH RE- I am going to document for our col- on true compassion that is not only GARDING KNOWLEDGE OF SEP- more effective, more responsive, but in leagues today, and for the American TEMBER 11, 2001, THREAT, AND public and the media, steps that we the long term, more economical for all DETAILING UPCOMING TRAVEL Americans. took in the years prior to September 11 TO RUSSIA, UZBEKISTAN, CHINA, when our agencies and the government That is the challenge we confront, AND NORTH KOREA and we do not shrink from that chal- did not respond. This started back in The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. lenge. Daunting though it may be, we the Clinton administration and contin- ISSA). Under the Speaker’s announced welcome it; we embrace it. It is our in- ued during the Bush administration. policy of January 3, 2001, the gen- tent to move this people’s House for- In fact, Mr. Speaker, during the late tleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. ward to work with our President to get 1990s, I chaired the Committee on Re- WELDON) is recognized provisionally for this done, to see action taken in the half the time remaining until mid- search for our national security, which other body, and leaving plenty of time night. meant that my job was to oversee for the other body to get the work done Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. Mr. about $38 billion a year that we spend on this legislation, as well. Speaker, I take the time this evening, on cutting-edge technology for the If we move forward this year, seniors and thank the Speaker and the staff for military. can reap the benefit this year. Mr. bearing with me, to basically perform One of those projects that I helped Speaker, our parents, our grand- two functions. get additional funding for was the In- parents, our Nation’s seniors deserve First of all, I will respond to those formation Dominant Center that the nothing less. critics of President Bush who have Army was standing up down at Fort Mr. Speaker, I offer a word of thanks taken unfair shots at him over the 9–11 Belvoir, technically known as the for my colleague, the gentlewoman situation, and will factually refute LIWAC. This Land Information War- from Connecticut (Mrs. JOHNSON), who what people like the minority leader, fare Assessment Center was designed to joined me for this time of dialogue on the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. GEP- monitor on a 24-hour-a-day basis 7 days prescription drug coverage as part of HARDT), have said publicly about this a week all of our military classified Medicare, a new, stronger Medicare for President somehow not heeding evi- systems, those systems used to run the the 21st century. dence that was provided to him. Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, I appreciate Army. Each of our services was in the I am going to present the true facts process of standing up an entity like the opportunity to discuss the importance of of what we could have and should have prescrition drugs to seniors. I have talked to the one that the Army stood up at Fort done prior to September 11 that I think Belvoir. the seniors in my district about this, and I can would have allowed us to both under- tell you from my experience that this is of ut- stand what was about to occur and to Back in 1997, as I was supporting in- most importance to them. And it should be of have done something about it. creased funding for this capability, I utmost importance to us too. I am honored to The second action I am going to dis- was amazed in two trips that I took to be a part of the Speaker’s Prescription Drug cuss this evening is an upcoming trip Fort Belvoir that the Army was not Action Team, working to achieve the best ben- that I will be leading to Russia, just able to maintain security over efit possible for our seniors. Uzbekistan, Beijing, China, as well as their information systems, but they It is important that we provide prescription Pyongyang, North Korea, the first del- were able to use new software tools and drug coverage for today’s seniors while shor- egation going into that country, and high-speed computers to do what is ing up Medicare at the same time. The two go Seoul, South Korea, at the end of this commonly called ‘‘profiling,’’ to take hand in hand. Unfortunately, Medicare is built week. vast amounts of information about the around formulas that are outdated. We have a Mr. Speaker, let me start out by say- classified and unclassified information big job ahead of us, but it is one of the most ing, first of all, in response to many of and process it and analyze it so that a important pieces of legislation to come before the media pundits who have spent the picture could be drawn and a threat this body. We have to update Medicare at the last week or 10 days criticizing Presi- could be developed, proliferation could same time we provide prescription drug cov- dent Bush and have publicly said that be monitored. erage, so that both remain sound now and he had indications that should have into the future. alerted him to the upcoming attack on b 2310 But let’s be clear about the prescription drug the World Trade Center, nothing could benefit: our seniors need coverage and they be farther from the truth. The facts are Now, this was back in 1997. In fact, I need it now, not later. We must act imme- all in. The data the President got were had a chance to use these capabilities diately to give them coverage such as 25% off basically individual elements provided and I think this story, more than any the top of the first $1000 they spend. Their by individual agencies about potential other, underscores the inabilities of monthly premium and yearly deductible have acts that might be against our country, our agencies on September 11 to really got to be as low as we can get them, so that nowhere near the immensity of what understand the threat that was emerg- those living on a fixed income can afford their we actually saw on September 11. ing.

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 02:36 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00082 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K21MY7.252 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 May 21, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2821 As you might recall, back in 1997 we and we think he will just use you. So end to the war. It was an historic time had gotten into a war in Kosovo to re- my advice is not to go, but as citizens for us because we thought we could move Milosevic from power. All of Con- in America you can do what you want. stop the bombing and stop killing inno- gress was not supportive of that con- I said that we would not violate the cent people and get Milosevic out of flict. In fact, I opposed the initial in- request of our State Department and power. volvement with President Clinton by would not go. But the gentleman from Kric immediately left the room and our troops, not because I have sup- Maryland (Mr. HOYER) suggested that made a phone call. He came back in the ported Milosevic but because I felt that perhaps we should meet the Russians room and said I just talked to we did not force Russia or allow Russia in a neutral city and he suggested Vi- Milosevic personally, and he has as- to play a more vibrant role in helping enna. Strobe Talbott said that was sured me that if we go down as a group us to get Milosevic out of power. fine. So I came back to Capitol Hill and right now to Belgrade, and I will hire Two weeks after the bombing cam- I sent a letter to all 435 members of the the bus, and we all go down together, paign started, I started to receive tele- House outlining for them what the Milosevic will meet with us, he will phone calls and started to receive e- Russians had asked, what the adminis- agree to this framework which ends his mails from my Russian colleagues in tration response was, and invited every reign. He will agree to accept inter- the State Duma. People who are senior Member of this body to attend a meet- national peacekeeping force to disarm leaders who called me and e-mailed me ing if they were interested in going the Serbs, and he will agree to allowing and said we have a real problem. Your with us to Vienna. From the meeting a U.N. or NATO force to bring stability policy of bombing Milosevic and inno- that we held 1- Members of Congress, 5 to this country. And he will also re- cent Serbs is causing the Russian peo- Democrats and 5 Republicans, volun- lease the 3 POWs that have not been ple to lose confidence in what Amer- teered to go with me to Vienna to meet heard from since they were captured by ica’s real intent is, and you are driving with our Russian counterparts and Mr. Milosevic. Russia further away from our country. Kric. Well, that was pretty historic, Mr. And I said what do you want me to do? Now, before we left on that trip I Speaker. So my colleagues on the other They said we need you to convince wanted to know something about Kric side called the White House from Vi- your president that Russia can help so I called the CIA director, George enna. They get on the White House op- play a role in ending the war and get- Tennant. I said I do not know who this eration center phone line and talked to ting Milosevic out of office. And the guy is. The Russians are convinced John Podesta, the chief of staff for the Russians told me that they wanted me that he can give us information that President. And they said we have some- to go to Belgrade in the middle of the will allow us to get Milosevic to agree thing that you have to get to President conflict, that they would arrange a to our terms. Can you tell me some- Clinton immediately. We have nego- meeting with Milosevic. thing about him as the director of the tiated what we think is the end of the Well, I told them that that was very CIA? Kosovo war with the Russians, with a much undoable because we were in the He called me back the next day and representative of Milosevic agreeing to middle of a war. We were bombing Ser- gave me 2 or 3 sentences about the terms. bia at the time. But I asked them to Dragomir Kric and said that they Another representative with us of the put that request in writing and they thought he was tied in with the corrup- State Department called the State De- did. Within the next few days I got a tion in Russia but did not know much partment operations center and he told letter on official Duma stationery else about him. them what had transpired. So he noti- where the Russians outlined their de- Without telling anyone, Mr. Speaker, fied both the White House and the sire to take me and a delegation of I went back to my friends at the Army State Department. The State Depart- Members of Congress to Belgrade, Information Dominence Center, and I ment said let me talk to Congressman Yugoslavia. They outlined who would said can you run me a profile of a WELDON. So I got on the phone. On the come from the Russian side and they Dragomir Kric and tell me something other end of the line was Steven committed that they would have a about him. They ran a profile and they Sestanovich who was at that time in meeting with Milosevic personally came back to me with 8 pages of infor- charge of the Russia desk at the State with a date and time certain. They also mation about this man, the profile of Department. agreed to visit a refugee camp of our someone who was very close to I outlined for him what had occurred. choosing so we could show them the Milosevic personally. He said, Curt, this is amazing but it is damage that Milosevic had caused in- With that information, we left on a above my pay grade. I cannot tell you nocent people, and they also agreed to military plane on a Thursday after- what to do. Hold on and I will have release the three American POWs that noon after votes and flew all night to someone else call you back. Thirty were being held hostage. Vienna, arrived on Friday morning, minutes later, Mr. Speaker, I got a call When the letter came, it also in- and began our discussions in the hotel from Tom Pickering. Tom Pickering cluded the name of an individual I did in Vienna with the 11 members of Con- was at that time number three in the not know. His name was Dragomir gress, a State Department representa- State Department and had been the Kric. The Russians had told me that tive, the 5 Russians and Dragomir Kric. ambassador for us to Russia. I had this individual was very close to We worked all through Friday into known him in that capacity. He said, Milosevic personally, that the Russians the night and into Saturday. And by Curt, what is going on? And I explained trusted him, and that he was the guy Saturday midday something historic to him that we had met with the Rus- that would get Milosevic to agree to had happened. The Russians had agreed sians and Kric. We had reached agree- the terms to end the hostilities against to the terms that we wanted to end the ment, and that Milosovic through Kric the Serbian, Yugoslavian people. conflict. The Russians had agreed to was saying that he was prepared to end The Russian request I then took to things they had never agreed to. Dur- the war if we went down to Belgrade. the State Department with my col- ing the time when we were meeting, So I said to Tom Pickering, what do league, the gentleman from Maryland Kric was calling back to Belgrade talk- you think we should do? (Mr. HOYER) on the other side. We had ing to Milosevic on the phone person- He said, Curt, first of all, we do not a 1 hour and 30 minute meeting in the ally. He would come back in the room trust Milosevic. We do not think that Office of Deputy Secretary of State and he would tell us what Milosevic he will live up to what he is telling you Strobe Talbott. We outlined for him was happy with and what he was not, through this guy Kric; and, further- what the Russians had requested for us but we were not there to negotiate more, Curt, I do not even know who and that we were willing to lead a dele- with Milosevic. We were there to get Kric is. I never heard of this guy and gation into Belgrade in spite of the war the Russians to agree with us on an end how could you believe that somehow he going on. Strobe Talbott listened and to the conflict. speaks for Milosevic? he said, I do not think it is a good idea. By 2 o’clock on Saturday afternoon I said, Tom, I did not know Kric ei- He said we cannot guarantee your safe- we reached agreement. It was word for ther before I came here, but I know the ty and we do not think Milosevic will word read by the Russian and Amer- Russians. They are my friends, and do what the Russians say he will do, ican side and we all signed off on an they have convinced me that he is the

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:31 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00083 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K21MY7.254 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 H2822 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 21, 2002 person that can get Milosevic to do for Monday afternoon in my office in of those systems in one central loca- what we want. He said, I do not think the Rayburn Building. I went back to tion managed by one of their employ- it is a good idea. In fact, let me tell Pennsylvania, and on the Friday before ees, and when tasked by the national you, the Reverend Jesse Jackson has that Monday, my office paged me with command authority, the President or been in Belgrade for a week. We have a 911 page. I called them and they said, the National Security Council, their been in constant communication with You must call CIA congressional af- data would be entered into a massive him. In fact, he is coming home today. fairs immediately. I did. computer using new software tools like His delegation has been unsuccessful. The CIA said, Congressman, we are STARLITE and SPIRES and six others They were trying to get the three going to fly two agents to Philadelphia that are used by the private sector to POWs released, he said, but their mis- right now. They will meet you at the do data mining. sion has failed. airport, they will come to your home, In addition to classified information they will come to a hotel, wherever systems, they would also run through b 2320 you want to meet them, but they have massive amounts of unclassified data, What makes you think that you can to talk to you immediately. I said, newspaper stories, magazine story, TV do something that the Reverend Jesse What is the urgency? They said, We broadcasts, radio broadcasts. A person Jackson could do? I do not know, Tom. have been tasked by the State Depart- cannot do that manually, but they can All I am telling you is what the Rus- ment to brief them on Dragomir Kric do it through high-speed computers, as sians are saying based upon Kric’s and we want you to tell us what you the Army did for me in developing the taught discussions with Milosevic. He know about him. I said, Well, the FBI profile of Kric. said I do not think you should go, and already asked for that information, We took this plan and we said to the I said okay, then we will not, because why can’t we do it together on Monday intelligence community, this is what we are a Nation of laws and not of peo- afternoon? we need to have to be prepared for ple. So that Monday afternoon I had four threats in the 21st century, because the I came back to the room where the agents in my office: two CIA agents, threats we are going to see over the Members of Congress were seated with one CI person and two FBI agents. For next several decades will not come our Russian counterparts. I told them two hours they grilled me with four only from one nation state, they will the story, and they immediately be- pages of questions about Kric. come from terrorist organizations. We came incensed at me. Kric called me a I answered all their questions. I told need to be able to pool all this data to- coward for not taking a delegation to them that there were four Kric broth- gether and be able to profile it, analyze Belgrade. He said, You just lost a ers, that they were the owners of the it and then come back with a true pic- chance to end the war and bring home largest banking system in the former ture of what may be about to occur. your POWs. Yugoslavia; that they employed some Mr. Speaker, this was in 1997. I I had Members of Congress from both 60,000 people; that their bank had tried briefed John Hamre. Dr. John Hamre parties telling me they were going to to finance the sale of an SA–10 from was then the Deputy Secretary of De- go on their own, and I said, Oh no, you Russia to Milosevic; that their bank fense. I said, John, you have got to go are not; we came in a military plane had been involved in a $4 billion Ger- down to Fort Belvoir and see this facil- that I acquired; you are going back to man bond scam; that one of the broth- ity; it is amazing. He went down twice. America with me. ers had financed Milosevic’s election; He called me back and he said, Curt, it So the 11 Members of Congress and that the house Milosevic lived in was is amazing what they are doing there. the Russians and our State Department really their house; that, in fact, Krics’ This profiling worked, and they could official sat down and discussed how we wives were best of friends with do it because unofficially some other would implement our plan instead of Milosevic’s wife; and that they were secret lines were running through Fort going to see Milosevic in Belgrade. the closest people to this leader. Belvoir that the Army could unoffi- Kric went out of the room and came I told them all the information. cially access. So it really was an offi- back in after making a phone call, and When I got done, Mr. Speaker, I said, cial process. said, You just blew it; Milosevic had Now, do you want to know where I got He said, But you know, Curt, I can- said you had a chance to end the war, my data from? They said, Yeah, you not get to where you want to go be- to get him to publicly accept this got it from the Russians. I said, No. cause the CIA and the FBI will not co- agreement and he would release the They said, Well, then you got it from operate and neither will the other POWs. Kric. I said, No. I said, Before I went agencies. He said, So I have a sugges- We continued to meet. Two hours over there I had the Army’s informa- tion for you. Why do you not host a later, our Navy escort came into the tion dominant center run a profile for meeting in your office? I will come and room, and he said to the 11 Members of me of Dragomir Kric. you invite my counterparts at the FBI Congress that CNN has just announced The FBI and the CIA in 1997 said to and the CIA. that Milosevic is releasing the POWs to me, what is the Army’s information So, Mr. Speaker, in my office, in 1998, Jesse Jackson’s delegation. Kric told dominant center? The FBI and the CIA I had the Deputy Secretary of Defense, us that Milosevic did not want to keep had no knowledge that our military the Deputy Director of the CIA and the them because he was fearful they was developing a capability that would Deputy Director of the FBI, four of us would be harmed and we would blame be able to do massive data mining of met for 1 hour. We briefed them on the him for their injuries. Even though he information to allow us to do a profile NOAH. We talked about the need for a did not want to release them to Jesse of a person or an event that was about national collaborative center, national Jackson, he did. to happen. data fusion center; and the response To continue the story and make my We took that model, based on that was, We do not need to do that right point, Mr. Speaker, we all came back lesson which infuriated me as a Mem- now, we are doing our own systems in home to America. We briefed our col- ber of Congress to be asked to brief the our own agencies; so thank you for leagues. We briefed the administration. CIA and the FBI, and working with your recommendations, and we are try- We presented the framework that we people in the intelligence agencies, I ing to share but not the way you want negotiated, and 8 days later, or 2 weeks developed a plan. This plan was to cre- because that is too bold. That is too later, that became the basis of the G– ate a national collaborative center. aggressive. This was 1998, Mr. Speaker. 8 agreement to end the war. So our Back in 1997, Mr. Speaker, the na- Not satisfied with that, we held hear- work was fruitful, but something inter- tional collaborative center where there ings. We did briefings for our col- esting happened that applies to Sep- were articles written, published in the leagues; and in two consecutive defense tember 11. media, technical media here was called bills, I put language in the bill that ba- I got a call from the FBI in my office the NOAH, N-O-A-H. It stands for Na- sically said the Defense Department asking my staff to allow two agents to tional Operations and Analysis Hub. and our intelligence agencies had to come over for me to brief them, for me The function of the NOAH would be to create a national collaborative center. to brief them, on a fellow named have all 32 Federal agencies that have So it became a part of the law; but Mr. Dragomir Kric. I said, Fine, set it up classified systems have a node of each Speaker, the agencies refused. They

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:31 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00084 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K21MY7.255 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 May 21, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2823 said we do not need to do that, we do other services began to take interest. take out 5 cells of bin Laden’s network. our job very well. Special forces command down in Flor- All of that activity could have pre- Each of them does their job very ida contacted the Army and said, hey, vented or helped to prevent 9–11 from well, but the problem is the threats in we hear you are doing some neat ever occurring. I challenge my col- the 21st century will be seen from a things. We want to build a mini version leagues, Mr. Speaker, to review the number of different sources. It may be of what you are doing down at our facts. I challenge the media to report information coming from the Customs headquarters. the truth. Department or from the Defense Intel- I did not find out about this until Oc- We still do not have a national col- ligence Agency or from the NSA or tober of 2001, after the attack on the laborative center. That capability still from the CIA or the FBI or Commerce, trade center. A year before, special does not exist. We are getting there, State and Justice, all of which have forces command developed their own but it has been a long road. I briefed classified systems; or it may come mini version of a data processing or our Homeland Security Director Tom from some public statements in arti- collaborative center with very limited Ridge, with the gentleman from Indi- cles in other countries. We can only capabilities. But what they did, Mr. ana (Mr. BURTON), chairman of the have the capability to understand all of Speaker, they did a profile of al Qaeda Committee on Government Reform, that if we have a national fusion cen- 1 year before 9–11. about 4 months ago. He agreed with us, ter. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. but he has not yet been able to achieve ISSA). The gentleman from Pennsyl- this new interagency collaborative cen- b 2230 vania (Mr. WELDON) is recognized to ter, and that is an indictment of our We did not have that capability be- continue until midnight. government that the American people fore September 11. That is why I stood Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. Mr. deserve to be outraged over. up on September 11, at 12 p.m. in the Speaker, here is the chart, the unclas- We need this kind of capability in the afternoon and said, ‘‘Today our govern- sified chart of what special forces com- 21st century, because these bits of ment failed the American people.’’ Be- mand had 1 year before 9–11. Inter- pieces of information have to be pieced cause, Mr. Speaker, we knew what we esting. The entire al Qaeda network is together, both classified and unclassi- should have done. We knew what we identified in a graphic chart with all fied, so that our analysts can get the could have done. And we did not do it. the linkages to all the terrorist groups clear picture of what may be about to In fact, Mr. Speaker, I firmly believe around the world. occur against our people and our that if we would have implemented the In fact, Mr. Speaker, I was told by friends. NOAH, which John Hamre offered to the folks who developed the capability So, Mr. Speaker, I seek to clarify the pay for with DOD dollars, back when for special forces command that this charges against the President and to we first recommended it, I am con- chart and the briefing that was sup- answer them, and I encourage my col- vinced we could have stopped or known posed to be given to General Shelton, leagues to learn more about the need about and prevented September 11 from Chairman of our Joint Chiefs, had a for a national collaborative center, a ever happening. recommendation to take out 5 cells of national data fusion center or, as I call Let me give an example. CIA infor- bin Laden’s network. Mr. Speaker, this it, a national operations and analysis mation on terrorism, combined with was 1 year before 9–11. This was not hub. Mr. Speaker, I will enter into the what the FBI knew about training pi- during President Bush’s administra- RECORD the documentation from as far lots and open-source information on re- tion. This occurred in the fall of the re- marks by al Qaeda, would have helped back as 1998, 1999, and 2000 with our maining term of President Bill Clinton. recommendations to implement this the intelligence community and en- The key question I have been trying kind of capability: forcement agencies focus better on the to get at is why was this 3-hour brief- threat. For example, in August of 2000, of an Office of Transformation within the Of- ing, which I also got, I got General Hol- fice of the Secretary of Defense to advise the an al Qaeda member had been inter- land to bring his briefers up from Flor- Secretary on— viewed by an Italian newspaper and re- ida with special forces, I went in the (1) development of force transformation ported that al Qaeda was training ka- Pentagon, went in the tank, and they strategies to ensure that the military of the mikaze pilots. The intelligence com- gave me the briefing, as much as they future is prepared to dissuade potential mili- munity and enforcement agencies, could give me, because part of it is tary competitors and, if that fails, to fight however, do not read open-source infor- being used for our operational plan, and win decisively across the spectrum of fu- ture conflict; mation. Yes, they read all the classi- why was that 3-hour briefing with the (2) ensuring a continuous and broadly fo- fied stuff, but this interview in 2000 was recommendations to take out 5 cells of cused transformation process; in an open-source newspaper account in bin Laden’s network condensed down (3) service and joint acquisition and experi- Italy. to a 1-hour brief when it was given to mentation efforts, funding for experimen- If we would have had a fusion center, General Hugh Shelton in January of tation efforts, promising operational con- all of that data would have been proc- 2001? And why were the recommenda- cepts and technologies and other trans- formation activities, as appropriate; and essed, and in very real quick time, tions to take out 5 cells not followed (4) development of service and joint oper- through massive high-speed computers, up on? That is the question we should ational concepts, transformation implemen- and we would have seen the linkages get answered, Mr. Speaker. tation strategies, and risk management between what was occurring. But with Because 1 year before 9–11, the capa- strategies. each agency doing its own thing, it is bility that special forces built actually (c) SENSE OF CONGRESS OF FUNDING.—It is impossible to see the linkages. And identified to us the network of al the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Defense should consider providing funding that is why when President Bush before Qaeda. And they went beyond that and adequate for sponsoring selective proto- September 11 got a bit of information gave us recommendations where we typing efforts, wargames, and studies and from the CIA and a bit from the FBI, could take out cells to eliminate their analyses and for appropriate staffing, as rec- and something else, and nothing from capability. So for those pundits out ommended by the director of an Office of open sources, there is no way he could there sitting in their armchairs criti- Transformation as described in subsection have foretold what was about to occur. cizing President Bush, they have it all (b). If we would have had the NOAH in wrong. SEC. 903. REVISED JOINT REPORT ON ESTAB- LISHMENT OF NATIONAL COLLABO- place, an idea that was developed with Facts are a tough thing to refute, and RATIVE INFORMATION ANALYSIS CA- the intelligence community, an idea the fact is that back in 1997, we told PABILITY. that was briefed to the FBI, briefed to the administration at that time what (A) REVISED REPORT.—At the same time as the CIA and briefed to the Defense De- to do. In 1998, we briefed the agencies. the submission of the budget for fiscal year partment, I think we could have done In 1999, we put language in a defense 2003 under section 1105 of title 31, United something to prevent al Qaeda. bill. In 2000, we put language in a de- States Code, the Secretary of Defense and the Director of Central Intelligence shall In fact, Mr. Speaker, there is another fense bill. In 2000, special forces com- submit to the congressional defense commit- interesting development that occurred. mand built another mini version of tees and the congressional intelligence com- After the Army showed the capability that capability. And in 2000 they mittees a revised report assessing alter- of the LIWAC model at Ft. Belvoir, briefed General Shelton telling him to natives for the establishment of a national

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 02:36 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00085 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K21MY7.257 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 H2824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 21, 2002 collaborative information analysis capa- and create ways to focus on that data so its ‘‘Part of [the challenge] is the over- bility. relevant to whatever you’re interested in,’’ whelming amount of information, the ability (b) MATTERS INCLUDED.—The revised report he said this week about his support for to access that Information, and the ability shall cover the same matters required to be LIWA. ‘‘Well, the Army has already done to reach back and get that information, included in the DOD/CIA report, except that that.’’ which means that networks become more the alternative architectures assessed in the While Weldon continues to push for NOAH crucial to the warfight,’’ she said. revised report shall be limited to architec- to be patterned after LIWA, he sees it oper- tures that include the participation of All ating on a much larger scale. Impressed by [From Signal, Apr. 2000] Federal agencies involved in the collection its ability to pull together huge amounts of FUSION CENTER CONCEPT TAKES ROOT AS of intelligence. The revised report shall also both unclassified and classified data, Weldon CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST WAXES include a draft of legislation sufficient to noted LIWA’s Information Dominance Cen- Creation of a national operations and anal- carry out the preferred architecture identi- ter can create in-depth profiles that could be ysis hub is finding grudging acceptance fied in the revised report. useful to the CIA, FBI and the White House. among senior officials in the U.S. national (c) OFFICIALS TO BE CONSULTED.—The re- Yet most federal agencies don’t even know security community. This fresh intelligence vised report shall be prepared after consulta- LIWA exists, he added. mechanism would link federal agencies to tion with all appropriate Federal officials, ‘‘Right now the military is limited to [its] provide instant collaborative threat including the following: own sources of information,’’ Weldon said. profiling and analytical assessments for use (1) The Secretary of the Treasury. ‘‘And in the 21st century, a terrorist group is against asymmetrical threats. National pol- (2) The Secretary of Commerce. more than likely going to be involved with icy makers, military commanders and law (3) The Secretary of State. terrorist nations. So the boundaries are enforcement agencies would be beneficiaries (4) The Attorney General. crossed all the time. We don’t have any way of the hub’s information. to share that and get beyond the stove-pip- Prodded by a resolute seven-term Pennsyl- DEFENSE INFORMATION AND ELECTRONICS ping.’’ REPORT Meanwhile, officials within the Defense vania congressman and reminded by recent WELDON: DOD NEEDS MASSIVE INTELLIGENCE Department’s intelligence community have terrorist and cyberthreat activities, the U.S. NETWORK FOR SHARED THREAT INFO been considering another way to amass intel- Defense Department is rethinking its earlier Senior Pentagon officials are mulling over ligence information through a concept called aversion to the idea, and resistance is begin- an idea proposed by Rep. Curt Weldon (R– the Joint Counter-intelligence Assessment ning to crumble. Funding to establish the PA) that would link classified and unclassi- Group. A DOD spokeswoman said proponents national operations and analysis hub fied documents in a massive intelligence of the idea, for now, are unwilling to disclose (NOAH), which would link 28 federal agen- clearinghouse that could be accessed by 33 details about it. She was also unable to say cies, is anticipated as a congressional add-on federal agencies—a concept similar in some whether a formal proposal to Hamre had in the Defense Department’s new budget. An ways to one floated by DOD intelligence offi- been made yet. initial $10 million in funding is likely in fis- cials but with significantly fewer players in- In Weldon’s July 30 letter to Hamre, how- cal year 2001 from identified research and de- volved. ever, Weldon alludes to an ongoing, ‘‘initia- velopment accounts. ‘‘Our problem with intelligence is that tive to link counterintelligence groups Spearheading the formation of NOAH is we’re stove-pipped,’’ said Weldon, chairman throughout the community.’’ Rep. Curt Weldon (R–PA), chairman of the of the House Armed Services military re- ‘‘I have heard of an attempts to connect U.S. House of Representatives National Se- search and development subcommittee, dur- the Office of Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) curity Committee’s military research and ing a Nov. 8 interview. ‘‘Each agency has its and [Office of the Secretary of Defense] as- development subcommittee. He emphasizes own way of collecting data and analyzing it, sets with federal, state and local law enforce- that challenges facing U.S. leaders are begin- but they don’t share that information with ment agencies,’’ Weldon wrote. ning to overlap, blurring distinction and ju- other agencies. The need is to have a better However, Weldon said in the interview he risdiction. ‘‘The increasing danger is both system of analyzing and fusing data sets believes JCAG is simply more ‘‘stove-pip- domestic and international.’’ across agencies and services—certainly with- ping.’’ Conceptually, NOAH would become a na- in the Pentagon and the military, but my ‘I also have seen what the Army has done tional-level operations and control center opinion is that we have to go further than at LIWA, which has created a foundation for with a mission to integrate various imagery, that.’’ creating a higher-level architecture collabo- data and analytical viewpoints. The intel- Weldon first proposed the concept of a rating all of these efforts,’’ his July letter ligence products would support U.S. actions. ‘‘National Operations Analysis Hub’’ to Dep- states. ‘‘I see NOAH as going beyond the capability uty Defense Secretary John Hamre last NOAH would link together almost every of the National Military Command Center June, although the congressman said he kept federal agency with intelligence capabilities, and the National Joint Military Intelligence his initiative quiet until a stronger plan including the National Security Agency, the Command. NOAH would provide rec- could be developed. National Imagery and Mapping Agency, the ommended courses of action that allow the The Pentagon-funded network of agencies Energy Department, the CIA and the FBI. U.S. to effectively meet emerging challenges would be operated by DOD. According to Both Congress and the White House would be in near real time,’’ the congressman illus- Weldon, it would pull together large offered a ‘‘node’’ for briefing capabilities, trates. amounts of information to produce intel- meaning intelligence agencies could detail ‘‘This central national-level hub would be ligence profiles of people, regions and na- situations on terrorist attacks or wartime composed of a system of agency-specified tional security threats, such as information scenarios. mini centers, or ‘pods,’ of participating agen- warfare and cyber-terrorism. ‘‘It’s mainly for policymakers, the White cies and services associated with growing na- ‘‘The NOAH concept of a national collabo- House decisionmakers, the State Depart- tional security concerns,’’ Weldon reports. rative environment supporting policy and ment, military, and military leaders,’’ he ‘‘NOAH would link the policy maker with ac- decision-makers mirrors the ideas you have said. tion recommendations derived from fused in- expressed to me in recent discussions, and it Although information-sharing among the formation provided by the individual pod.’’ is a tangible way to confront the growing intelligence community has yet to be for- Automation and connectivity would allow asymmetrical threats to our nation,’’ malized through NOAH or JCAG or a similar the pods to talk to each other in a computer- Weldon wrote in his July 30 letter to Hamre. system, military officials have said they based environment to share data and per- The NOAH concept, however, was not need some kind of linked access capability. spectives on a given situation. wholeheartedly embraced by Hamre, who Intelligence systems need to be included The congressman believes that NOAH met with Weldon last summer and told the within the Global Information Grid—the should reside within the Defense Department congressman his suggested use of the Army’s military’s vision of a future global network and is modeling the hub’s concept on a U.S. Land Information Warfare Activity at Ft. that could be accessed from anywhere in the Army organization he closely follows. He Belvoir, VA, as a model for NOAH, would world, said Brig. Gen. Marilyn Quagliotti, says the idea for NOAH comes from officials never stick. vice director of the Joint Staff’s command, in several federal agencies. However, it is Because LIWA is already short of re- control, communications and computers di- also based on his own experiences with the sources, the Army is apprehensive about tak- rectorate, during a Nov. 5 speech on informa- U.S. Army’s Intelligence and Security Com- ing on any new tasks, Hamre told Weldon. tion assurance at a conference in Arlington, mand’s (INSCOM’s) Land Warfare Informa- Weldon, in a July 21 letter to Hamre, also VA. tion Activity (LIWA) and Information Domi- urged the Pentagon to support additional fu- ‘‘We need a more integrated strategy, in- nance Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. ture funding for LIWA, citing critical budget cluding help from [the Joint Staff’s intel- Patterned after LIWA, (SIGNAL, March, shortfalls that he said have kept the agency ligence directorate] with intelligence reports page 31), NOAH would display collaborative from fulfilling a barrage of requests for in- or warnings of an attack,’’ she said. threat profiling and analysis. With the aid of telligence files from Army commanders (De- Quagliotti said the toughest challenge for a variety of electronic tools, the hub would fense Information and Electronics Report, achieving ‘‘information superiority’’ is the support national actions, Weldon discloses. July 30, p1). need to unite networks and network man- The congressman is conscious of other ini- ‘‘There’s massive amounts of data out agers under one command structure with tiatives such as linking counterintelligence there, and you have to be able to analyze it stronger situational awareness capabilities. groups throughout the community. He also

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:31 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00086 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A21MY7.205 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 May 21, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2825 is aware of the Central Intelligence Agency’s Department objected to a meeting in Bel- ‘‘But this kind of profiling capability is (CIA’s) counterterrorism center, the Federal grade, suggesting instead a neutral site. Be- very limited now. The goal is to have it on Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI’s) National fore the departure, the Russians informed a regular basis. The profiling could be used Infrastructure Protection Center and a new Weldon that Dragomir Karic, a member of a for sensitive technology transfer issues and human intelligence (HUMNIT) special oper- powerful and wealthy Kosovo family, would information about security breaches,’’ the ations center. ‘‘We don’t need another ana- attend the meeting. Karic’s brother was a congressman allows. LIWA has what he lytical center. Instead, we need a national- member of the Milosevic regime. terms the fusion and profiling state-of-the- level fusion center that can take already At the end of the Vienna meeting, the Rus- art capability in the military, ‘‘even beyond analyzed data and offer courses of action for sians and Karic told Weldon that if he would the military.’’ Weldon is pressing the case decision making,’’ he insists. accompany them to Belgrade, Milosevic was for NOAH among the leaders in both houses Weldon’s wide experience in dealing with prepared to meet with them and publicly em- of Congress, ‘‘It is essential that we create a officials from the FBI, CIA and the National brace a peace agreement concept reached govenmentwide capability under very strict Security Agency (NSA) convince him that during the Vienna meeting. The agreement controls.’’ policy makers are continuing to work in a would have directly involved Russia in the Weldon adds that establishing NOAH is not vacuum. ‘‘Briefings and testimonies are the peace process. A diplomatic official with the a funding issue; it is a jurisdictional issue. primary vehicles for transmitting informa- U.S. delegation telephoned Washington, D.C., ‘‘Some agencies don’t want to tear down tion to leaders. The volume of information and the State Department objected to the their stovepipes. Yet, information on a drug germane to national security issues is ex- Belgrade trip. The congressman and his col- lord, as an example, could be vitally impor- panding so rapidly that policy makers are leagues returned home. tant to help combat terrorism.’’ He makes a overwhelmed with data,’’ he claims. As soon as he arrived in Washington, D.C., point that too often, federal agencies overlap Robust situational awareness of asym- the FBI telephoned to request a meeting each other in their efforts to collect intel- metric threats to national security is a key with Weldon to gather details on Karic. It ligence against these threats, or they fail to in assisting leaders, Weldon observes. ‘‘Pol- was clear, Weldon reports, they had very lit- pool their resources and share vital informa- icy makers need an overarching information tle information on him or his family. The tion. ‘‘This redundancy of effort and confu- and intelligence architecture that will following day, the CIA telephoned the con- sion of jurisdiction only inhibits our nation’s quickly assimilate, analyze and display as- gressman and asked for a meeting ‘‘about capabilities,’’ he offers. sessments and recommend courses of action Karic.’’ Instead, the congressman proposed a NOAH would provide high-bandwidth, vir- for many simultaneous national emer- joint meeting with CIA and FBI agents in his tual connectivity to experts to agency pod gencies,’’ he declares. The concept of NOAH office. Two officials from each agency at- sites. Protocols for interagency data sharing also calls for virtual communications among tended with a list of questions. would be established and refined in links to policy makers. Weldon learned from the agents that they all pod sites. The ability to retrieve, collate, Weldon’s plan is for White House, Con- were seeking information on Karic to brief analyze and display data would be exercised gress, Pentagon and agency-level leaders the State Department. When he explained to provide possible courses of action. A each to have a center where they receive, that the information came from the Army backup site would be established for redun- send, share and collaborate on assessments and LIWA, the CIA and FBI agents had no dancy, and training would begin on collabo- before they act. He calls NOAH the policy knowledge of that organization, he confirms. rative tools as soon as it is activated. maker’s tool. In the collaborative environ- Before his departure for Vienna, the con- This hub system would become part of the ment, the hub would provide a multiissue, gressman received a six-page LIWA profile of national policy creation and execution sys- multiagency hybrid picture to the White Karic and his family’s links to Milosevic. tem. The tools available at LIWA would be House situation room and the Joint Chiefs of ‘‘This is an example of why an organiza- shared so that every agency would have the Staff. tion like NOAH is so critically necessary,’’ same tools. Weldon explains that all agen- NOAH’s concept also includes support for Weldon contends. ‘‘LIWA’s Information cies would post data on the National Recon- HUMINT and peacekeeping missions along Dominance Center provides the best capa- naissance Office (NRO) highway in a rep- with battle damage assessment. The same bility we have today in the federal govern- licated format sensitive to classification. system could later help brace congressional ment to assess massive amounts of data and NOAH’s global network would use the NRO committees and hearings. The new capa- develop profiles. LIWA uses it contacts with system as a backbone. bility would allow application of foreign other agencies to obtain database informa- NOAH optimizes groups of expertise within threat analyses to policy, while providing a tion from those systems,’’ he explains. each organization—experts who are always hybrid situational awareness picture of the ‘‘Some is unclassified and some classified.’’ on hand regardless of the issue. This ap- Weldon cites an ‘‘extraordinary capability threat, Weldon relates. Industrial efforts of proach ties strategic analysis and tactical by a former CIA and Defense Intelligence interest to the policy maker could be incor- assessment to a course of action.‘‘Before the Agency official, who is a LIWA profiler, as porated, and academia also could be directly U.S. can take action against emerging one of the keys in LIWA’s success. She does linked. threats, we must first understand their rela- the profiling and knows where to look and In meetings with high-level FBI, CIA and tionship to one another, their patterns, the which systems to pull information from in a defense officials, Weldon stressed the need to people and countries involved and the level data mining and extrapolation process,’’ he ‘‘acquire, fuse and analyze disparate data of danger posed to our nation,’’ Weldon says, proclaims. ‘‘She makes the system work,’’ from many agencies in order to support the ‘‘That is where NOAH begins.’’ policy maker’s actions against threats from Weldon intends to use LIWA’s profiling ca- terrorism, [ballistic missile] proliferation, il- pability as a model for building NOAH. ‘‘My STEPS TO ACHIEVE NOAH CAPABILITY legal technology diversions, espionage, nar- goal is to go beyond service intelligence cotics [trafficking], information warfare and agencies and integrate all intelligence col- Establish baseline capability by building cyberterrorism.’’ He is convinced that cur- lection. This must be beyond military intel- initial Hub Center and congressional virtual rent collection and analysis capabilities in ligence, which is too narrow in scope, to pro- hearing room. Equip White House Situation various intelligence agencies are stovepiped. vide a governmentwide capability. Each Room to Collaborate with these sites. ‘‘To some extent, this involves turf protec- agency with a pod linked to NOAH would Staff the Hub Center with two reps from tion, but it clearly hinders policy making.’’ provide two staff members assigned at the each of the 28 key participating agencies. Weldon, who was a Russian studies major, hub, which would operate continuously. Data Link up NOAH internal and external col- offers some of his own recent experiences as brought together in ‘‘this cluster would be laborative environment. examples of why there is a strong need for used for fusion and profiling, Which any Hook in Back up Site for redundancy and NOAH. He maintains close contact with a agency could then request,’’ he maintains. begin training on collaborative tools. number of Russians and understands their NOAH would not belong to the Army, Build the 28 Key Agency Pod Sites along programs and technologies. The congressman which would continue with its own intel- model of the Information Dominance Center is quick to recall vignettes about Russian of- ligence capabilities as would the other serv- at Fort Belvoir, VA. ficials and trips to facilities in the region. ices. There would only be one fusion center, Link all Pod Sites to NOAH hub center. During the recent U.S. combat action in- which would handle input from all federal Establish Protocols for Inter-agency data volvement in Kosovo, Weldon was contacted agencies and from open sources. Weldon ex- sharing. by senior Russian officials. Clamoring for plains. ‘‘NOAH would handle threats like in- Exercise live ability to retrieve, collate, Russia to be involved in the peace process formation operations and examine stability analyze, display disparate data and provide they claimed that otherwise upcoming elec- in various regions of the world. We need this policy makers course of action analysis at tions could go to the communists. The Rus- ability to respond immediately.’’ The con- the NOAH Hub Center. sians proposed a Belgrade meeting with gressman adds that he recently was briefed Refine procedures and Protocols. Weldon, congressional colleagues, key Ser- by LIWA on very sensitive, very limited and bian officials and possibly Yugoslave Presi- scary profile information, which he describes AGENCIES REPRESENTED IN THE NATIONAL dent Slobodan Milosevic. as ‘‘potentially explosive.’’ In turn, Weldon COLLABORATIVE CENTER After the first meeting with key officials arranged briefings for the chairman of the Central Intelligence Agency from the departments of State and Defense House National Security Committee, the Defense Intelligence Agency and the CIA, Weldon and other members of Speaker of the House and other key congres- National Imagery and Mapping Agency Congress went to Vienna, Austria. The State sional leaders. National Security Agency

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 02:36 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00087 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A21MY7.209 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 H2826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 21, 2002 National Reconnaissance Office clear weapons, the ABM treaty, and we friend BERNIE SANDERS who has trav- Defense Threat Reduction Agency argue when neither side trusts the eled to Russia with me, who is our only Joint Chiefs of Staff other. socialist in the Congress. I went to the Army/LIWA My point is before we can get to chairman of the Hispanic Caucus, Air Force those difficult issues, we have a new Navy SILVESTRE REYES, who signed the docu- Marine Corps President in Russia, a new President in ment responding and representing all Joint Counter-Intelligence Assessment America, a new Congress, why do we the Hispanic Members and moderate Group not expand our relationship based on Democrats like HOWARD BERMAN, NORM ONDCP the new direction Putin is taking Rus- DICKS, JACK MURTHA, all signed on in FBI sia and truly become friends with the support of this new relationship. Drug Enforcement Agency Russian people? On the conservative side I went to U.S. Customs The resultant recommendations that our colleagues and friends ROSCOE National Criminal Investigative Service we produced are contained in this docu- BARTLETT and JOE PITTS, JOHN DOO- National Infrastructure Protection Center ment. Members can get it on my Web Defense Information Systems Agency LITTLE, they all signed on, as well as State Department site, both in Russian and in English. It the leadership, DICK ARMEY, CHRIS COX, Five CINCs is also being transmitted over in Rus- J.C. WATTS, and HENRY HYDE. Department of Energy sia to the Duma, and I presented it to In the end, Mr. Speaker, when this Department of Commerce Putin himself in October of last year. document was given by me to Presi- Department of the Treasury This document, Mr. Speaker, says, and dent Bush, Condoleezza Rice, and to Justice Department I hope that the upcoming summit will President Putin before he left for Office of the Secretary of Defense build on this and I am confident it will, Crawford, Texas, by me, it had the sig- National Military Command Center that our relationship with Russia National Joint Military Intelligence Com- natures of one-third of the Congress. mand should be expanded to 11 areas, not just So as President Bush travels to St. Pe- defense. They include agriculture, cul- Elements to be connected to the national tersburg and Moscow this week, he now collaborative center would include the White ture and education, economic develop- has the unified support of this Congress House Situation Room, a Congressional Vir- ment, energy and natural resources, to broaden our relationship with Rus- tual Hearing Room and a possible redundant, the environment, health care, judicial sia like we have never done before. It is or back-up site. and legal, local government, science up to our President and the Russian Mr. Speaker, the second topic I want and technology, space and aeronautics President to stake out new territory. to touch upon briefly is the President’s and defense and security. There are 108 The arms control agreement they summit, which will take place in Rus- recommendations. Some do not require have reached is historic. I commend sia this week. When the President trav- any new programs, simply changes leg- President Bush overwhelmingly for els to Moscow and St. Petersburg this islatively, like ratification of the Law what he has done to reduce the nuclear week, he will have something that no of the Sea Convention basically ele- weapons from 6,000 to 2,000 on both other president has had before in our vating Russia out of Jackson-Vanik, sides. That in itself is a historic item, relationship with Russia. This Presi- supporting Russia’s accession to the as is the new relationship with Russia dent will take with him a document WTO, restructuring of the London and and NATO. But, Mr. Speaker, that is that was prepared by a bipartisan Paris Club debt. not enough. The stars are all aligned group of our colleagues in the House Other recommendations require ac- this week. We have a new President in and the Senate, supported by all the tion on the part of the administration Russia who has done some dramatic major U.S.-Russia thinktanks to and the Congress. Many of these rec- things, things that would never have broaden our relationship with Russia. ommendations do not involve public been thought of over the past 10, 15 A year ago, I started working on try- money. They involve simply the sup- years in Russia. He shut down Russia’s ing to forge a new direction for our re- port of existing private relationships, largest listening station against us in lationship with Russia. I contacted all school to school, company to company, Cuba without our asking. He ordered the thinktanks from Harvard and Co- NGO to NGO. In fact, in the area of cul- the pullback of trainloads of Russian lumbia to Monterrey, to the U.S.-Rus- ture, that entire document was written military supplies in Moldova on the sia Business Council, the Tolstoy by the Tolstoy Foundation. They re- European border without our request. Foundation, Georgia Tech, and all ceive no public money. All of their He offered us his airport that used to those schools doing work with Russia work is done with foundation and dona- be a Soviet military base in Uzbekistan and all those nonprofits and NGOs. I tions. In the economic area, we dealt where our troops are currently housed. said, first of all, tell me what you are with the U.S.-Russia Business Council. He was the first elected official on doing with Russia. Because, surpris- They gave us their recommendations. September 11 to call President Bush to ingly, Mr. Speaker, not one Federal In health care I went to the Academy say Russia will give you whatever you agency had a complete list of all the of Physicians. They are doing work in need to fight terrorism. It was not initiatives between the U.S. people and Russia in training doctors and nurses. Tony Blair. It was Putin. And he has the Russian people, U.S. agencies and They wrote that recommendation. The given us full access to Russia’s intel- Russian agencies, U.S. NGOs and Rus- resultant document, 45 pages long, ligence. sian NGOs. gave this President something no other So we have a president in Russia who That document became a 9-page ap- President had, a detailed blueprint to is taking some dramatic steps. He is pendix in the back of the report we pre- expand the relationship between Russia being criticized for that back home. In pared for President Bush, for the first and the U.S. to a new level. fact, just a month and a half ago, 41 re- time listing all the activities that we In giving this to the President, Mr. tired generals and admirals and two are engaged in with Russia on. How can Speaker, I did not want it to come former defense ministers in Russia we have a relationship when we do not from me. So I went to our colleagues in took out a full page ad in a Russian even know what we are doing with that the House and the Senate. I had 2 days publication called Nezavizimaya country and its people? prior to the October summit to get sig- Gazeta, one of the largest publications natures. Every Member I went to in Moscow. That full page ad criticized b 2340 agreed to sign on as a supporter of this Putin for moving too close to America, I also asked those groups to make document and its recommendations. In for getting too friendly with the West. recommendations for me of what new the Senate, I went to CARL LEVIN, JOE You see, Mr. Speaker, there are hard- things we could be doing with Russia BIDEN, and DICK LUGAR. They signed liners in Russia that want to take us to expand our relationship beyond the the front page with me. In the House I back to the Cold War, that do not like issues where we disagree. Because you went to the far left, my good friend America and Russia coming together; see, Mr. Speaker, in the past our Presi- DENNIS KUCINICH who chairs the Pro- but it is not just in Russia, Mr. Speak- dents would meet and they would argue gressive Caucus who immediately er. There are hard-liners in our country over issues that we disagree on, how signed on. He has been with me to Rus- that do not like the direction we are many missiles we had, how many nu- sia three times. I went to my good going in, either. President Bush and

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 02:36 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00088 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A21MY7.213 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 May 21, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2827 President Putin have got to pull away of dollars of IMF money. We pretended will challenge them to start a new rela- from the Cold War mentality, those we did not see it, because we did not tionship between their parliament and hard-liners in both countries, and have want to embarrass Boris Yeltsin. And our Congress like we have done with a historic opportunity to move our two when we saw evidence of technology the Russian Duma, the Ukrainian nations into a new relationship, a rela- being transferred out of Russia, by dis- Rada, the Moldavian Parliament. tionship of trust, of understanding, and gruntled generals and admirals, we pre- While in Uzbekistan, after meeting of mutual engagement, in the areas of tended that we did not see that because with their leaders, we will go to our health care, education, environment, we did not want to embarrass Yeltsin. military base, we will meet with our energy, to show the Russian people So the Congress misread that and troops, we will give them home-baked that we truly want them to be a suc- blamed the Russian Government and cookies from the kids and families of cessful nation, that we want to be part- said we do not want to work with this America, we will give them 6,000 hand- ners with them; and I am convinced country. So during the 1990s, we lost made greeting cards from elementary now more than ever that we need Rus- the trust and confidence of the Russian school children, we will give them Her- sia. people. The best evidence of that to me shey candy bars and TastyKakes from We need to reduce our dependency on was comparing what I saw in 1992 when Pennsylvania, and talk to them about Middle Eastern crude oil which is the Boris Yeltsin stood on a tank outside what life is like back here in the reason why we have the major problem the Moscow White House waving the States. in the Middle East today, in Israel. If Russian flag with 20,000 or 30,000 Rus- We may also visit one of our base we reduce our dependency on Middle sians surrounding him, declaring the camps in Afghanistan to show our sup- Eastern crude, the Russians have vast Soviet Union was dead, Communism port there for our troops as well. Then we will leave Uzbekistan and amounts of crude and gas that we can had ended, Russia was a new country. help them develop. We must work with we will travel to Beijing, China. In Bei- 2350 them together. b jing we will meet with the incoming So, Mr. Speaker, I wish the President During that same speech, Yeltsin leader, Mr. Hu, who was just recently well. I will lead a 19–Member delega- said America and Russia will be part- in the U.S. I will speak at the National tion into Moscow the day that Presi- ners together, and the Russian people Defense University of the People’s Lib- dent Bush comes back home. We will cheered. That was in 1992 when Yeltsin eration Army, the third time I have follow up his meetings with Putin with gave that speech. spoken there. I will give a speech on a members of the Duma and the Federa- Compare that to 1999. Yeltsin has major university campus in Beijing and tion Council. We will follow up on the health problems, drinking problems. interact with the up and coming lead- recommendations of the document and Russia is filled with corruption, which ers of that country. on Monday morning we will listen to we ignored. 1999, Yeltsin is being rail- We will also meet with the chairman and leadership of the People’s Congress President Putin give us a summary of roaded out of office, his popularity is to talk about areas of mutual concern his feeling about the summit. I am op- down to 2 percent. The only people sup- and interest between the U.S. and timistic, Mr. Speaker, because I think porting Yeltsin was the United States leadership. That is why in the fall of China. these two Presidents are going to fun- We will leave Beijing on Thursday 1999, two months before Yeltsin left of- damentally change the face of the and fly into Pyongyang, North Korea, fice, 20,000 new Russians gathered out- world security relationship. Russia and the first time ever that a U.S. Congres- side our embassy in Moscow and America, two archenemies for 70 years, sional delegation in a bipartisan, open burned the American flag, fired weap- I think in the 21st century will become way has visited North Korea. What a ons at our embassy, and threw paint at two partners that will work to stabilize historic opportunity for us to open the the walls of our embassy compound. In the world. Russia can assist us in deal- door for dialog with the leaders of ing with Iran and Iraq because of their seven short years we had gone from North Korea. ties to those countries. In fact, Russia Russia’s partner to the Russian people We will not be there to endorse them, can assist us in a number of areas, in saying ‘‘we don’t trust you, America.’’ we will not be there to support their energy, in technology. It is in our in- This week, President Bush and Presi- government, because it is a communist terest and in theirs to work together. dent Putin have a chance to change all dictatorship. We will be there to tell Just 2 weeks ago on the floor of this that, and unlike any other time, they them as human beings we have to talk, Chamber, we took another historic have got the Congress behind them, the we have to meet, we have to speak and vote. I offered an amendment to the de- Duma behind them, the Federation exchange our views. And we want to fense bill that was supported by 362 Council behind them. Members of Con- tell them that we care about their peo- Members of Congress from both parties gress will be in Moscow right following ple, we care about the education of to challenge the Russians to provide the summit telling the Russian people their kids, the ability for them to feed full transparency on their nuclear that this truly is a new time, a new be- their people and the ability of them to weapons, their nuclear testing, their ginning. provide a stable quality of life for nuclear program. That same day in my I ask and I urge all of my colleagues North Korean citizens. We will not office, I was meeting with the Russian to thank the President for his leader- reach any landmark agreements. We minister of atomic energy. He is a ship and to continue to support those will do something that needs to be friend of mine. I have known him for efforts, especially passage of the Jack- done, we will open the door to North the past 5 years when he worked at son-Vanik legislation, that will truly Korea. Kurchatov Institute for my friend allow Russia to become a close partner I will be taking a letter with me, Mr. Yevgeny Velakof. The minister of and ally of our Nation. Speaker, from the President of Drexel atomic energy was in my office when Mr. Speaker, following our trip to University in Philadelphia, a school we voted on an historic measure that I Russia, we are going to do a few other with a huge population of foreign and offered to provide full transparency in historic things I want to highlight for Korean students, and the president of our nuclear relationship with Russia. our colleagues. We will leave Russia on Drexel, Constantine Papadakis, will in- My hope is that this too will become a Monday, after meeting with Putin in vite the President of the largest uni- point of discussion between Presidents the morning and the Members of the versity in North Korea to establish an Bush and Putin, because if we truly Duma and the Federation Council, and academic relationship between the two want further arms reductions, if we we will fly in our military plane to schools. truly want to have a more secure Uzbekistan. In Taskent we will meet We will also be carrying a letter from world, it has got to start by building a with the President of the country and the Foreign Policy Research Institute trust that we have not had for the past leaders of their parliament. in Philadelphia offering to host a con- 10 years. Uzbekistan is a shining example of a ference in America on U.S.-North Ko- And if I were a Russian, I would not former Soviet State that has now be- rean relations. have trusted us either during the 1990s. come one of our strongest allies, open- I will be carrying a third letter After all, we turned our back when ing up its territory for our troops. We signed by students of Drexel to stu- Yeltsin’s friends were stealing billions will visit with their parliament and we dents of the largest university in North

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:31 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00089 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K21MY7.262 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 H2828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 21, 2002 Korea asking to have a student ex- discussions between Russia and America. We proud people, historically aware, and mind- change of letters and eventually trips look forward to working with you to forge a ful of Russia’s unique global role. Increas- back and forth. We will also discuss our new relationship that will benefit both our ingly, they are becoming aware of the limit- relations with the People’s Congress in countries. less possibilities of U.S.-Russian cooperation Thank you for your consideration of this on a host of issues. North Korea and ways we can work to- request. This brief paper, then, is an effort to weave gether. Hopefully this will be the start Sincerely, together a comprehensive program of U.S.- of the opening up and the thawing of Connie Morella, Jim Maloney, Cass Russian cooperation across a wide-range of the relations between our country and Ballenger, Nathan Deal. issues. North Korea. Jerry Weller, Jim Gibbons, Jim Ryun, Too often, the focus of our bilateral rela- Following our trip to Pyongyang, we Judy Biggert, Jerry Costello, Eddie tions has been on defense and security—pre- will travel to Seoul, Korea. In Seoul we Bernice Johnson, Stephen Horn, Kay cisely the issues on which our interests often collide. It would be more useful, as we move will brief the South Koreans who are Granger, Ed Schrock, Tom Davis, Randy Cunningham, Gary Condit, forward with a Russian policy for the 21st enthusiastically supporting our trip Randy Forbes, Steven LaTourette, Joe century, to take a more holistic approach— about our discussions. We will brief the Skeen, Bob Borski, Lincoln Diaz- one that takes into account Russia’s myriad incoming candidates for the presidency Balart, Chris Smith. concerns as well as our own. of that country in the elections later Adam Putnam, Frank Pallone, Johnny Therefore, in consultation with many of this year. We will brief the parliamen- Isakson, Robert Andrews, Bernie Sand- the leading experts on Russia, I propose a se- tary leaders, and give a press con- ers, Nick Lampson, Rod Blagojevich, ries of initiatives to engage Russia on issues Jim Saxton, Jim Turner, Mike Fer- like the environment, energy, economic de- ference to the world about the trip and velopment, and health care—as well as de- the implications of building peace with guson, Van Hilleary, Ed Royce, Bob Filner, Luis Gutierrez, Danny Davis. fense and security. Some of these are new the Russians, the Uzbekis, the Chinese, Jane Harman, Rick Boucher, Christopher ideas, but many are not. Many of these ini- the North Koreans, and our good John, Todd Akin, Dave Weldon, Bart tiatives are already underway, and need ad- friends, the South Koreans. Gordon, Virgil Goode, Jr., Alan Mol- ditional support to make even greater Mr. Speaker, what this all says is lohan, Frank Wolf, Hilda Solis, Rush progress. this Congress plays a vitally crucial Holt, Carrie Meek, Amo Houghton, Such engagement is in the interest of the role in not just helping to prevent inci- Paul Kanjorski, Bob Goodlatte, Doug U.S. as well as Russia. For if the U.S. and Russia are cooperating on issues across the dents like 9/11 with recommendations Bereuter, John Shimkus, J.D. Hayworth. board, Russia will be more likely to work that the administration needs to listen closely with America on the national secu- to, but this Congress also plays a con- James Greenwood, Kevin Brady, Bob Brady, Melissa Hart, Phil English, rity issues that matter most to us—missile structive role in building peaceful rela- John Thune, Tom Allen, George Gekas, defense, the war against terrorism, and pro- tions with those countries that would Robert Andrews, Mike Doyle, Shelly liferation. This is not, and will never be, a finished be our enemy. I thank our colleagues Moore Capito, Rob Simmons, Todd product. The contours of our bilateral rela- for their support of this effort. Akin. Mr. Speaker, I will insert in the tionship change daily with world events. Nor A NEW VISION FOR U.S.-RUSSIAN RELATIONS will it likely be turned into a grand legisla- RECORD a summary of our New Time, INTRODUCTION tive proposal, although certainly parts of it New Beginning document, as well as Those of us who value the U.S.-Russian re- may be. I hope that it is a starting point for the accompanying letter signed by one- lationship have been on a roller-coaster ride discussions between Russia and America on third of the Congress that was hand-de- for the past decade. During the heady days of ways that we can forge a new relationship livered to President Bush and to Presi- the fall of the Berlin Wall and the ensuing that will benefit both our countries. dent Putin prior to the Crawford Sum- collapse of the Soviet Union, it appeared For if we make a new American-Russian mit, which we hope will be the basis of that our two countries would cooperate as relationship, one based on common interests that benefit the citizens of both countries, the St. Petersburg summit. never before. The world cheered when Presi- dents Bush and Yeltsin hailed a new ‘‘stra- then we will make great progress—not just I thank the staff and you for your in- tegic partnership’’ between America and for America and Russia alone, but for peace dulgence in allowing me to present this Russia. and stability across the globe. information today. There followed, however, a dark period— Rep. Curt Weldon (R-PA) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, marked by misguided American policies and Washington, DC, November 7, 2001. rampant Russian corruption. The Russian U.S.-RUSSIA PARTNERSHIP President GEORGE W. BUSH, economy sagged as American aid—money A NEW TIME A NEW BEGINNING Washington, DC. meant for the Russian people—was siphoned Summary of recommendations DEAR PRESIDENT BUSH: As you prepare for off and stashed in Swiss banks and American Agricultural Development: Assist in agri- the upcoming summit with President Putin, real estate investment. At the same time, cultural production; expand private-sector we commend the positive approach you have NATO’s war in Kosovo strained the already investment; and enhance capacity to pur- established with Russia. Too often, the focus sinking bilateral relationship. What were the chase essential agricultural inputs, commod- of our bilateral relations has been on defense results of this increasingly bitter dis- ities and equipment. and security—precisely the issues on which enchantment? A more aggressive Russian Cultural/Education Development: Expand our interests often collide. It would be more foreign policy, increased proliferation from cultural ties outside the major cities; assist useful, as we move forward with a Russian Moscow to rogue states, and the final coup regional museums in generating tourism; policy for the 21st century to take a more de grace: Russia and China announcing last and provide for more Russian language and holistic approach—one that takes into ac- year a new ‘‘strategic partnership’’—against cultural studies in U.S. schools. count Russia’s myriad concerns as well as the interests of America and the West. Defense and Security: Initiate new bilat- our own. Now is the time, with new leaders in Wash- eral talks similar to the Ross-Mamedov Therefore, in consultation with many of ington and Moscow, to improve the relation- talks on a Global Protection System; move the leading experts on Russia, we propose a ship for the long-term. forward with joint talks on a new non- series of bipartisan initiatives to engage My interest in this relationship began proliferation regime; and encourage progress Russia on issues such as the environment, when I was nineteen years old, when a col- on the RAMOS program and restructure the energy, economic development, health care— lege professor convinced me to switch my Nuclear Cities Initiative. as well as defense and security. We call this major to Russian Studies. Since that time, I Economic Development: Help facilitate proposal ‘‘A New Time, A New Beginning.’’ have been fascinated with the Soviet Union Russia’s accession to the WTO and its ac- Some of these are new ideas, but many are and Russia—and have traveled there more ceptance of all WTO agreements; increase not. Many of these initiatives are already than twenty-five times. funding for OPIC and EX–IM Bank projects underway, and need additional support to I began my travels when I was a member of in Russia; and work with Russia to improve make even greater progress. my local County Council and was invited to intellectual property rights. Such engagement is in the U.S. interest as travel to Moscow by the American Council of Energy/Natural Resources: Foster coopera- well as Russia’s. If the United States and Young Political Leaders. I have continued to tive pilot projects, starting with oil and gas Russia cooperate on issues across the board, visit Russia since my election to Congress, exploration in Timan Pechora; convene bi- Russia will be more likely to work closely as a member of the House Armed Services lateral task force to discuss the energy rami- with America on the national security issues Committee, and later as co-chairman of the fications of the war on terrorism; and elimi- that matter most to us—missile defense, the Duma-Congress Study Group, the official nate bureaucratic obstacles to joint coopera- war against terrorism, and proliferation. interparliamentary exchange between the tion on energy. We encourage you to review the enclosed U.S. and Russia. Environmental Cooperation: Develop a re- proposal and hope that some of these initia- My interactions with leaders across Russia volving fund to assure development of prom- tives will prove useful to you in the ongoing have taught me that the Russians are a ising Russian technologies; expand debt for

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 02:36 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00090 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K21MY7.264 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 May 21, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2829 nature swaps; and dramatically expand co- USAID would play a key role not only in im- lenges, from economic problems to the need operation on marine science research. proving the ability of Russia agriculture to to regain their own identity. Health Care: Increase emphasis on chronic meet the critical needs of its citizens, but in Create viable links with other like-minded disease like cardiovascular disease and dia- enhancing the Russian private sector and institutions to promote cultural coopera- betes; develop more extensive physician ex- improving the prospects for future earnings tion. Example: With the support of the Soros change programs; and augment existing co- of U.S. agribusiness. Foundation through their Open Society operation between NIH and appropriate Rus- Recommendations project entitled ‘‘Transformation of Russian sian research institutes. Society,’’ the L.N. Tolstoy Museum/Estate Improving credit availability and produc- Judicial/Legal Systems: Support expansion at Yasnaya Polyana (LNM/E) established the tion practices and attracting investment in of jury trials into all Russian regions; ex- first association of museum/estates in Rus- Russian agribusiness are the areas of focus pand Environmental Public Advocacy Cen- sia. In the mid 1990s, this project assisted in for redeveloping Russian agriculture. ters into Russia; and encourage a doubling of the development of regional museums as CNFA’s Agribusiness Partnerships Program the number of legal clinics. focal centers for the preservation and pro- seeks to build financially and economically Local Governments: Propose ways to ex- mulgation of local culture, with programs on viable private sector agricultural systems pand the tax base available to local govern- literature, music, and the arts. within Russia and the former Soviet states. ments; encourage political participation by Link regional museum centers to promote For example, in 1993, the Russian baby food increasing local partisan affiliations; and en- much-needed tourism and other support for manufacturing industry was supplying less courage the gradual devolution of services to the economically-depressed heartland of than half of the country’s annual baby food Russia outside the major centers of Moscow the local level. required to assure minimum levels of health Science and Technology: Increase coopera- and St. Petersburg. and nutrition to Russian infants and chil- Help to stimulate programs by supporting tion in the area of nuclear fuel cycles; ex- dren. CNFA entered into a partnership with grassroots initiatives. Example: LNM/E in pand cooperative fusion research on nonpol- Heinz to increase domestic manufacturing Tula has been involved for many years now luting energy solutions; and involve Russian output. Using USAID-funded technical as- in a project to encourage local artisans and industry in embryonic U.S. nanotechnology sistance, CNFA and Heinz worked to develop musicians in this economically-depressed re- efforts. and introduce more nutritious baby food gion. With assistance from the Soros Foun- Space and Aeronautics: Utilize commercial dation, the LNM/E has been able to provide joint ventures to enable Russia to meet its products and enhance local production to in- crease the Russian baby food sector’s ability a forum for exhibitions and concerts to help Space Station obligations; increase joint stimulate local talent and find a market for projects on space solar power, propulsion to meet its domestic demand. The recovery of Russian domestic produc- them as well. technology, and weather satellites; and co- tion capacity may require foreign equity in- Foster interest in and greater appreciation operate on mutually-beneficial planetary de- vestment in production facilities and busi- of Russian language and culture among fense tracking technologies. nesses along with access to credits for the youth in the U.S. and provide Russian lan- AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT purchase of production inputs. Without guage and cultural immersion programs for Summary proactive PVO involvement, neither the Rus- secondary school students in preparation for college. sian government nor private capital markets United States government resources are Increase funding for collaborative aca- will be willing or able to meet these needs. employed in Russia to enhance Russia’s ca- demic and research programs between Rus- (a) CNFA has a proposal that would estab- pacity to purchase essential agricultural in- sian and American scholars, local govern- lish a fund which will provide long-term in- puts, commodities, and equipment in order ment leaders, journalists, heads of NGOs, vestment capital for the development of ag- to assist agricultural production and expand and researchers. private-sector investment to improve Rus- ricultural production, processing, packaging, Allocate more federal funding for cultural sia’s agricultural infrastructure. Neither and distribution businesses and establish a initiatives to the private sector. There are Russia’s government nor the private sector trade finance facility. This fund would ad- many small non-profit organizations in the alone are willing or able to meet these needs. dress Russia’s inability to purchase critical U.S. which have both cultural sensitivity There are a number of programs carried out agriculture inputs and commodities and the and proven track records, yet cannot com- through USDA and USAID to benefit Russian lack of investment capital to develop the pete for AID funding because of current bu- agriculture. USDA and USAID officials have private sector agricultural infrastructure. reaucratic restrictions. stated that there are no cooperative efforts The fund would be established through the Support initiatives to create a U.S. clear- between Russia and the U.S. in any third monetization of USDA food aid commodities inghouse for the identification and consoli- countries. Most programs are administered within Russia. dation of U.S.-Russian cultural initiatives by private voluntary organizations (PVOs) (b) Similarly, another PVO, ACDI–VOCA, and exchange programs. There is no central which utilize USDA and USAID resources to has submitted a large project proposal to im- point that can identify and help consolidate carry out development activities within Rus- prove rural credit availability and facilitate programs or facilitate student exchanges. sia. Additionally, private-sector efforts such investment in medium-sized Russian food Many programs today—both government and as the U.S.-Russia Business Council utilize processing companies. Thus far, the proposal private—are being duplicated. government resources through these pro- has not received approval. ACDI–VOCA be- The U.S. should follow through with fund- grams in order to expand and enhance the lieves the approval has been stalled at the ing promised by former President Bush for U.S.-Russian commercial relationship. interagency food aid review process due to the establishment of the American Univer- Those PVOs involved in Russian that are what it perceives as OMB’s unease at uti- sity in Moscow. Support initiatives like the actually working at ground level believe lizing 416(b) donations for monetizing. Again, Soros Foundation linking U.S. schools with that greater efforts are required to improve this proposal would seek to address two prin- Russian schools. Expand education ex- the country’s ability to provide for its citi- ciple problems: inadequate access to credit changes between teachers, administrators, zens. Regarding USDA’s programs, the Ad- and inadequate capital investment. and educators at all levels. Establish a uni- ministration’s food aid review, especially CULTURAL/EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT versity to university relationship between American and Russian universities. Every with regard to the 416(b) surplus disposal Summary program, has thrown into question the school should have a partner. Cultural cooperation is known to be one of amount of resources available for Russia, DEFENSE AND SECURITY the best ways to overcome mutual distrust, since many PVO projects are funded through insularity, and conflict among nations. By Summary monetized 416(b) donations. This situation working together with artists, writers, musi- United States defense and security co- may become clearer once U.S. food aid pro- cians, and cultural institutions we can pro- operation and assistance involving the Rus- grams are reauthorized and/or altered mote artistic freedom, good will, and inter- sian Federation should contribute to defin- through a new farm bill and once the Admin- national exposure, as well as support eco- ing a new bilateral strategic framework that istration releases its food aid proposals as nomic viability in the cultural sector. Addi- is not rooted in the notion of Mutual Assured part of its FY03 budget request. As for tionally, in sharing knowledge, specific tech- Destruction. Instead, the new security USAID, PVOs express the concern that the niques, and skills—and in broadening hori- framework should be based upon improving agency’s activities in Russia Require a zons—we are investing positively and con- U.S. and Russian security by working with greater focus on agriculture. structively toward greater mutual under- Russia to combat terrorism and to halt the The programs designed as a solution would spread of missiles and weapons of mass de- require U.S. governemnt resources (pri- standing and a more peaceful and stable world for ourselves and coming generations. struction (WMD). marily, through USDA and USAID) because America and Russia must forge an alliance the Russian government and private capital Recommendations beneficial to both, or face the near certainty markets cannot or will not provide the re- Encourage expansion of cultural ties and that historical suspicions will reassert them- sources necessary to improve the Russian ag- initiatives outside the major centers. In re- selves and plunge the world into a new Cold riculture infrastructure. A number of pro- cent years too much emphasis has been War. Such an eventuality would be espe- posals exist, and the number of proposals placed by Western institutions on the major cially tragic since the United States and would increase with a greater commitment centers of Moscow and St. Petersburg. This Russia have more in common than not. In- to Russian agriculture through USDA and policy fails to serve the rest of the country deed, given that the gravest and most immi- USAID. Such efforts through USDA and as reasons grapple with a range of chal- nent threats to both nations are terrorism

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:31 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00091 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A21MY7.215 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 H2830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 21, 2002 and WMD proliferation, these great common laudable goal, but you can’t ‘‘get there from have different force structure requirements enemies should make the United States and here’’ without an interim step. That step is as determined by our respective threat per- Russia natural allies. to initiate a high-level process that has a ceptions, geography, and technical abilities. The Cold War era model of bilateral rela- broad mandate and will provide ‘‘cover’’ for The Departments of Defense, State, and En- tions and arms control is predicated on mu- lower levels of the Russian defense and secu- ergy should articulate a strategy for commu- tual antagonism and nuclear threats: a situ- rity establishment to talk productively nicating our interest in transparency to the ation that is unacceptable as the basis for about these issues. The resulting cooperative Russians and fulfilling our part of such 21st Century U.S.-Russian relations. Russia approach to BMD deployment could encom- transparency dialog. We cannot force the and the United States each have unique se- pass U.S. NMD, the Russian proposal for a Russians to accept that our motives are be- curity concerns, but have more security con- European missile shield, and new initiatives nign and that such a dialog is in Russian in- cerns that are shared in common. U.S. policy like a feasibility study of boost-phase inter- terests. However, the offer, coupled with the should encourage Russia to recognize the ad- cept involving Russia, Israel, and Turkey. array of economic and political outreaches vantages of U.S.-Russian cooperation in Moscow has repeatedly proposed working inherent in our broader Russian Policy, areas like counter-terrorism, nonprolifera- with Washington against terrorism. Wash- would be a good faith effort. tion and missile defense—and the dangers of ington should propose a formal alliance with Make clear to Russia that the potential for pursuing a confrontational foreign policy. Moscow in a global war against terrorism cooperation in areas like counterterrorism, There is some evidence to suggest that Rus- that will involve military and intelligence joint operations with NATO, regional de- sia may grudgingly compromise on U.S. mis- cooperation and joint operations. The U.S.- fenses for Europe, etc. are greatly under- sile defense goals. However, the main thrust Russian alliance against terrorism will help mined by the way Russia has chosen to wage of current Russian foreign policy and mili- Russia by gaining U.S. support for Russia’s its war in Chechnya. war against terrorism in Central Asia, which tary strategy is actively seeking to curtail Military-Technical American influence and enhancing Russia’s will go far toward achieving the U.S. goal of crushing terrorism globally. Unless Central Encourage and continue the Russian- status by trying to diminish the United American Observation Satellite (RAMOS) States. U.S. policy must recognize the exist- Asia is stabilized, the region threatens to continue to spiral toward chaos and become, program. The innovative U.S.-Russian space ence of both positive and negative strains in based remote sensor R&D program addresses Russian foreign policy, and then encourage like Afghanistan, a breeding ground for ter- rorism. Moreover, a U.S.-Russian alliance defense and environmental concerns. Initial the positive strain that is consistent with concept of co-orbiting U.S. and Russian sat- U.S. national security interests. against terrorism would preempt the emer- gence of an anti-Western Sino-Russian alli- ellites for simultaneous stereo observations There should be a clear intent in U.S. pol- should be continued. icy to transition from near-term measures ance, pull Russia closer to the West, and give a second chance to Russian democracy. Restructure CTR Nuclear Cities Initiative rooted in U.S. nonproliferation goals to a (NCI) funding to other more effective efforts. long-term solution. For example, one compo- Russia has advocated an expanded inter- national nonproliferation regime that would, The NCI’s near-term goal of providing non- nent of a long-term solution might be weapon work for Russian scientists if more transitioning the Russian economy from de- among other things, involve countries of pro- liferation concern to the United States. The flexibly addressed by other programs (e.g., fense to non-military production so that sci- ISTC, IPP) while its longer-term goal of con- entists can participate in sustainable non- Departments of State and Defense should begin detailed discussions with the Russian verting the nuclear cities to sustainable non- weapons work that benefits the Russian weapons work cannot be achieved without a economy. Achieving this will require inte- Foreign and Defense Ministries on this pro- posal to determine if a new regime could es- broader focus on the economies of the respec- gration of defense and security cooperation, tive regions. with broader social and economic assistance tablish more stringent nonproliferation and Economic focused on regional economies—programs ad- arms trade criteria. According to these cri- ministered outside the U.S. security commu- teria, Russia would limit its sales of arms, Support the rescheduling of Russia’s $150 nity. military technology, weapons of mass de- billion debt to the Paris Club if Russia dem- This is consistent not only with U.S. non- struction, and dual-use military-civilian onstrates active cooperation in cutting the proliferation goals, but Russian interests as technology to China and Iran, cease such flow of advanced military technology to well. According to President Putin, Russia sales to rogue states, and severely limit rogue states. must speed up its integration into the West- them to countries in conflict, such as India A sustained effort to increase the percent- ern community. If Putin is serious, Russia and Pakistan. U.S. support for the effort, age of Cooperative Threat Reduction money should not be involved in activities that un- which, if successful, would enhance Moscow’s actually being spent in Russia. The percep- dermine the security of the West. While Rus- diplomatic prestige, should also depend on tion is that in too many programs inordinate sia has formed an alliance with China, Presi- Russia’s willingness to advocate the return amounts of money are spent on administra- dent Bush and President Putin have since of U.N. weapons inspectors to Iraq. Russia tion, U.S. contractors, and consultants. Pro- found mutual interests in fighting terrorism has proposed this regime as an alternative to gram offices must be made aware that this as a result of September 11, 2001. U.S. NMD and the U.S. must make it clear issue is a congressional priority and report- The key to forging a U.S.-Russian alliance that it does not accept that argument: mis- ing requirements should reflect that con- is to do it now, before U.S.-Russian relations sile defense and international cooperation on cern. deteriorate further. The United States must nonproliferation are not mutually exclusive A more rigorous joint program accounting offer Russia a relationship that clearly bene- (indeed, they actually reinforce each other). effort to monitor how U.S. funds are spent in fits Russian as well as U.S. interests, and Direct the Department of Defense and the Cooperative Threat Reduction and associ- begin as soon as possible, working jointly to- Ballistic Missile Defense Organization to de- ated programs. This improves U.S. con- ward mutually beneficial goals. As the victor velop a strategy to evaluate the feasibility of fidence that monies are being spent appro- in the Cold War, the greater burden for tak- increasing technical cooperation with Rus- priately and gives Russians experience in the ing the initiative and building trust between sian military industry on missile defense application of modern accounting methods. the sides falls upon the United States. In its technologies. The strategy should include a Waste, fraud and abuse of CTR funding is a relations with Russia, the U.S. holds an risk assessment (e.g., the spread of knowl- serious concern to both governments and a array of levers—strategic, military-tech- edge to China) and an assessment of the pos- vehicle like this is necessary lest the process nical, economic, and social—that can be used sible benefits (technical and political) to devolve into an adversarial one of accusation as positive and negative inducements to U.S. programs of projects like co-develop- and denial. move Russia toward cooperation, and ulti- ment of the Russian S–500. For example, Insist that Russia stop taxing U.S. assist- mately toward alliance, with the United Russian scientists might participate in de- ance provided to scientists through coopera- States. Even the most modest proposals and veloping high-speed boosters for interceptor tive programs. The Administration should programs already underway should be viewed rockets and airborne and space-based lasers. suspend all Export-Import Bank and Over- Demonstrate to Russia that the U.S. is not as means to the larger end of reforging the seas Private Investment Corporation Insur- interested in taking advantage of Russian still adversarial relationship between Wash- ance and Credits to U.S. companies that do weakness. Traditional nuclear arms control ington and Moscow into a new American- business with Russian entities that are only makes sense if the U.S. and Russia re- Russian alliance that will defeat terrorism, linked to Iran’s military build-up activities. main adversaries. The U.S. should imme- halt WMD proliferation, and establish a Russian government-controlled companies, diately begin efforts to demonstrate that more stable global order for the growth of such as the natural gas monopoly Gazprom, American policy seeks to support trans- political and economic freedom everywhere. should not be allowed to raise funds from parency rather than numerical equivalencies U.S. investors for energy schemes in Iran, Recommendations as a measure of our shared interest in ‘‘sta- since they could fund Iran’s military build- Strategic bility.’’ We also seek to take a fuller account up, which ultimately could be used to threat- Begin a new, high-level dialog similar to of each side’s nuclear arsenals and infra- en U.S. interests in the region. the Ross-Mamedov talks of 1992 to discuss structure—including tactical nuclear weap- Task the interagency WMD working group U.S. and Russian proposals for a Global Pro- ons and nuclear weapon production facili- at the National Security Council with de- tection System. Transitioning the security ties—in any future nuclear agreement be- signing a strategy for sanctioning Russia dialog with Russia to a ‘‘normal’’ one pri- tween the U.S. and Russia. We understand and Iran because of their proliferation ac- marily conducted by lower-level officials is a that both the U.S. and Russia increasingly tivities. The intelligence community should

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 02:36 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00092 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A21MY7.218 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 May 21, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2831 be tasked with a comprehensive assessment The practices of various U.S. government- mate in Russia and positive economic re- of the ongoing technology transfer and weap- sponsored funds should be reviewed to ensure sponses from the United States. On the U.S. ons programs, and with providing rec- that they promote access to capital for the side, this will require the direct involvement ommendations identifying ‘‘choke points’’ development of small- and medium-size en- of the Secretaries of Energy and Commerce, that might be vulnerable to sanctions. The terprises. as well as the Vice President. Members of current WMD working group at the NSC The continuing development of the Tax Congress should be involved and regularly should be tasked with developing a sanctions Code will greatly benefit Russia if it creates consulted. strategy that targets Russian and Iranian of- a tax system that encourages, rather than The bilateral group should proceed with ficials, businesses, and individuals involved discourages, investment. specific remedies to move projects forward. in the proliferation of WMD technologies, Investors in Russia continue to express Official U.S. financial organizations, such as material, or know-how, as well as their concern over weakness in protecting the OPIC and U.S. Ex-Im Bank should play a sources of financing. property rights investors are afforded under prominent and ongoing role in the bilateral Establish a vehicle, preferably through a Russian law. Amendments to the current discussions. Congressionally mandated organization like legal framework should address gaps and am- An expanded program of energy coopera- USIP, to target support to U.S. non-govern- biguities associated with some of these risks. tion will provide a critical reinforcement of mental initiatives that interface directly Support Russian efforts to strengthen In- the positive aspects of the bilateral relation- with official or semi-official Russia in a pro- tellectual Property Rights protection and ship. One such project, for example, is the ductive way. These initiatives need a level of enforcement. Anti-counterfeit legislation development of the oil and gas resources of analytical freedom and the ability to shape should be strengthened and penalties en- the Timan Pechora region which offers enor- the agenda of their dialog that is sometimes forced, while training law enforcement and mous challenges in project development and not possible within more traditional Depart- judicial officials in this area. investment, but also enormous rewards in ment or Agency sponsorship (it needs to be Currency control laws have failed to stop new petroleum supplies for the world mar- easy to ‘‘think outside the box’’ established capital flight and instead have damaged the ket. by Administration policy). The Russians reputation of the Russian business commu- Work of the Duma-Congress inter- would almost certainly be responsive to an nity. The current framework, which acts as parliamentary group should be intensified effort with this sort of background and it a disincentive to Western investment, should for purposes of using this efficient mecha- would serve to broaden the bilateral dialog be replaced by control and monitoring ar- nism of bilateral consultation to encourage at a time when Russian voices appear to be rangements that will encourage investment approval in Russia, at the parliamentary more reticent. Efforts supported should be and allow Russian capital freedom of move- level and to promote investment and tax- conscious of congressional interest in spend- ment in the global economy, while pro- ation laws that provide a positive environ- ing money in Russia. For example, Congress tecting the Russian tax base and treasury. ment for investment, such as full and appro- could create a vehicle for funding unofficial Russia should be graduated from Jackson- priate finalization of PSA legislation. academic research that would, of necessity, Vanik. This would remove a longstanding ir- This bilateral energy initiative should en- involve significant Russian participation at ritant in our relationship with Russia and gage both official and non-governmental the official or senior unofficial level. help foster a sense of ‘‘normal’’ trade rela- groups committed to moving forward on en- Projects could be chosen for their potential tions between our countries. ergy cooperation. The Moscow International to be ‘‘spun on’’ to the official foreign policy Authorize and appropriate funds to achieve Petroleum Club, a nongovernmental and con- or House-Duma dialogs. the goal of awarding 10,000 Masters of Busi- sultative organization, is prepared to lend all Encourage U.S.-Russian military officer ness Administration degrees in Russia. assistance to ‘‘jump start’’ the process and exchange programs and greatly increase the Revitalize the enterprise fund concept in provide ongoing support as a well-known and numbers. Encourage joint participation in Russia as a means of U.S. support to Russian well-respect NGO in the energy area. U.S., Russian, and NATO military exercises. entrepreneurs. Additional funding from the ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION This will help allay Russia’s residual fear of U.S.-Russia Investment Fund or other vehi- Summary the West and promote a climate of trust. cles would be necessary. Ratify the Law of the Sea Convention to With Russia’s economy ailing, substantial ENERGY/NATURAL RESOURCES establish guidelines for international mari- environmental improvements will nec- time waters. Summary essarily be connected with socioeconomic, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Russia, as the world’s second largest oil institutional, and cultural changes. This rep- Summary producer and a major supplier of gas to West- resents a challenge as well as an oppor- Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, ern Europe, represents an important stabi- tunity. While environmental protection can- Russia has experienced widespread economic lizing force for global energy security. U.S. not reasonably be regarded as a priority, it dislocation and a drop of about 50 percent in polity makers have long understood that in can as a consequence be a driver of societal GDP. However, after more than a decade of the post-Cold War era, bilateral energy co- changes on the whole. virtually uninterrupted decline, the Russian operation can provide mutual benefits that It has been demonstrated that Russia’s economy demonstrated many promising go well beyond enhanced energy security. population suffers from environmental pollu- signs of recovery. Cooperation in the energy sphere contributes tion to a degree that makes it not just a The year 2000 was one of the most success- to economic development in Russia, com- quality-of-life issue. The environmental pol- ful years for Russia in over three decades. mercial opportunities for U.S. and Russian lution threatens Russia’s economic well- The growth of GDP was 7.7 percent, fixed as- firms, and a highly positive foundation for being and public health, especially for poor sets grew more than 18 percent, unemploy- the bilateral political relationship. families. ment fell by more than 9 percent, real in- As our two countries proceed to re-engage Western governments and international fi- come of the population increased, and pen- across a broad range of important policy and nancial institutions should support projects sions increased by 38 percent in real terms. cultural arenas, energy can claim its critical to improve Russia’s environmental infra- position as the centerpiece in the relation- structure. Based on a market approach, Recommendations ship, strengthening global energy security Western donors should provide expertise and Work to facilitate Russia’s accession and and promoting mutual economic growth. oversight to avoid excesses, lawlessness, and its implementation of WTO agreements. The Recommdendations abuse. The Russian government should pro- U.S. government can help Russia to realize vide the appropriate incentives. Nothing Development of U.S.-Russian cooperation its enormous economic potential and enable would better mobilize the forces of cap- in energy should become a priority for inter- the country to become a more significant italism for positive change while at the same national policy because of its capacity to ad- participant in the global economy. Specifi- time bring Russian and Western interests dress this risk of uncertain supplies and un- cally, these efforts will support the growth under one umbrella. of the Russian private sector by permitting necessary dependence. The U.S. and Russia Russia to negotiate the elimination of trade should initiate the development of a sus- Recommendations barriers faced by its exporters and to chal- tained institutional structure to move for- Russians have a strong bias in favor of en- lenge the WTO-consistency of measures ward on critical areas hindering mutual de- gineered solutions (hardware) to problems, taken by other member countries. velopment of Russian energy resources. while advanced economies are taking a soft- Increase the budgetary allocations for EX– A high level Presidential task force with ware approach (planning and organization). IM, OPIC, and TDA. To help solidify the pol- representation from both the Putin and Bush The hardware bias has been adopted in inter- icy transition from aid to trade, these pro- administrations should be immediately es- national assistance projects. This trend must gram funds must be maintained and in- tablished as part of the partner offer in ad- be reversed. creased. Where feasible, U.S. institutional fi- dressing the economic and energy compo- Russia’s scientific institutes and scientists nancial risk on appropriate large-scale nents of the anti-terrorism campaign. have developed state-of-the-art technology projects should be shared with multilateral The institutional structure for moving for- to prevent and clean up environmental prob- agencies such as the World Bank and the ward on critical energy policy and projects lems. For lack of funding these technologies EBRD. should be established to eliminate bureau- have not been deployed in Russia and have Provde targeted financing opportunities cratic tendencies that are delaying the im- not been commercialized in international for small- and medium-sized U.S. companies. plementation of a favorable investment cli- markets. A revolving fund should be created

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:31 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00093 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A21MY7.219 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 H2832 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 21, 2002

to deploy the technologies and solve the strokes, due, in turn, to a high prevalence of JUDICIAL/LEGAL SYSTEMS problems. unrecognized and unmanaged hypertension, Summary If trade benefits were extended to certified an easily treatable disease but one that re- Russia’s judiciary is the least developed of sustainably-produced products in Europe and quires an innovative and sustained program the three branches. Reform has begun but North America, this alone could open mar- of prevention and education. This record, un- some of the old structure and personnel are kets wide enough for investors to take the precedented in time of peace for a developed still in place. Trial by jury is being intro- risk of improving the degraded and polluting country, reveals conditions that threaten to duced and President Putin declared that it infrastructure. Trade rules benefiting sus- cause serious social and economic con- would become the norm nationwide by 2003. tainable production would also give an in- sequences for the nation. President Putin A major overhaul of the Soviet-era criminal centive to the Russian government, which has acknowledged it as a key security issue code is nearing approval in the Duma. bets heavily on export earnings from natural for Russia. Recommendations resource extraction, to enforce its laws. For Russia as well as the West, the health By enlarging the concept of debt-for-na- issue is both a challenge and an opportunity. Jury trials were a feature of the pre-revo- ture swaps to environmental protection The history of U.S. and Western health as- lutionary Russian legal system. Few initia- more generally, Russia’s government would sistance for Russia reveals a record of thin tives have had such a concrete impact in pro- get real incentives and financial tools to support, episodic contributions and, at moting the rule of law in Russia and in pro- tighten and enforce its rules. Oversight over times, counterproductive efforts. There has moting human rights. Putin will almost cer- environmental protection would thus move been a lack of appropriate leadership, ab- tainly succeed in his new effort to expand from the resource extraction agencies to less sence of a coherent strategy, and a resigna- jury trials to other regions of the Russian directly interested ones. Existing legislative tion generated by a feeling that the job was Federation. The U.S. technical assistance proposals such as the Russian Economic Res- simply too overwhelming. Yet there are op- community can and should play a critical toration and Justice Act of 1999 and the Nu- portunities for constructive engagement for role in promoting Putin’s practical and high- clear Threat Reduction Act of 2001 could, if both professional contributions and commu- minded initiative. The Central and East European Law Initia- modified, serve as cornerstones for financial nity-based efforts in partnership with Rus- tive’s (CEELI) much-heralded Environ- cooperative assistance. sian colleagues in a well-conceived plan that mental Public Advocacy Center (EPAC) in Financial tools such as a mortgage or a builds on the strengths of the existing Rus- Ukraine, Moldova, and Uzbekistan has suc- bond system must be developed for a market sian resources. economy to flourish and be sustained. cessfully litigated high-impact environ- Recommendations Issuing bonds to finance local environmental mental cases on behalf of citizens in the projects could be acceptable to Russians, es- An effective health assistance program for courts and has promoted citizen participa- pecially where the environmental problems the Russian Federation should concentrate tion in advocacy and environmental deci- are clear and their impact severe. on important health issues and serious, life- sion-making. Russia would benefit from a Increase participation with groups such as threatening diseases—those which make the proliferation of NGOs able to advocate on be- Global Legislators Organization for a Bal- most prominent contribution to premature half of the public through proper, legal chan- anced Environment (GLOBE) and the Advi- mortality and where effective intervention nels (as opposed to settling disputes through sory Committee on the Protection of the and prevention are possible. This implies a extra-judicial means). Average citizens Seas (ACOPS). Both organizations work with much increased emphasis on chronic dis- should be involved in settling environmental Russia to help conserve the world’s most val- eases—especially cardiovascular disorders disputes with businesses and the government uable ecosystems. A shared annual legisla- and diabetes. An effective program should in a manner that is familiar to Americans tive agenda for Members of Congress and combine clinical medicine, public health, but wholly unfamiliar to most Russians. their colleagues in the Duma can bring at- and public education. Russia adopted a new system last year to tention to the threats to ecosystems such as Develop, implement, and evaluate coopera- expand judicial power to a group of mag- ill-conceived development projects and poor tive physician exchange programs for the istrates, commonly referred to as Justices of environmental policy. sharing of knowledge and skills that improve the Peace. Work with these magistrates will Increase cooperation in marine science re- the Russian medical profession’s ability to prove to be critical because they will be the search to better address the problems of the meet the challenges of the burden of disease. court of first instance for most common cit- ocean where maintenance of stable fisheries Develop and implement cooperative pro- izen complaints. These courts also will be is becoming a source of conflict. Such co- grams aimed at efficient use of medical care the first in Russia to implement an abbre- operation can increase our knowledge of the resources for treatment and prevention of viated trial, pursuant to the current draft oceans, boast our ability to manage the disease. code of criminal procedure, which includes oceans’ rich resources, and enhance our un- Serve as a clearinghouse for privately and for the first time a system of plea bar- derstanding of ocean effects on climate and publicly sponsored programs designed to im- gaining. Likewise, the justices will have carbon sequestration. prove the health of Russians and improve the greater discretion under the draft code to de- Expand cooperation between the U.S. and quality and effectiveness of preventive and termine the conditions of pre-trial release Russian navies to help assist with preserving therapeutic efforts there. (bail). the environment. Develop close working relationships with The expansion of legal clinics in the last Promost the DOE and the Ministry of private American and European philan- five years has proven to be successful in re- Atomic Energy for the Russian Federation thropic institutions interested in both secu- forming the Russian legal education system. (MinAtom) to cooperate on the Nuclear Cit- rity and health issues in the former Soviet Encouraging the doubling of these clinics in ies Initiative (NCI). NCI seeks to increase republics. the next 3–5 years will have a salutary effect on the legal education system in Russia, as U.S. national and global security through Establish close working relationships with well as facilitate access to justice for Rus- economic diversification and weapons com- key commercial entities whose interests in- sia’s poor. plex down-sizing in Russia’s Nuclear Cities. volve issues of health and medicine in the Russian law students and law professors Encompass all forms of energy in a com- Russian Federation. continue to use outdated textbooks from So- prehensive energy plan that includes atten- Assist professional education—continuing tion to global warming and environmental viet times. The dearth of textbooks on newer medical education for Russian physicians— subjects (particularly on commercial law) impacts. by organizing exchanges in both directions, Establish a mechanism for the exchange of has hampered curriculum reform and the based in regional academic medical centers ability of professors to prepare their stu- information and to assist in the implementa- in several regions of the Russian Federation. tion of initiatives that result from these rec- dents to practice in a market economy. Support Russian versions of the American ommendations. Through small grant programs targeting in- Medical Association, Center for Disease Con- dividual professors or groups of professors, HEALTH CARE trol, etc. this need could be addressed relatively inex- Summary Collaborate among compelementary orga- pensively. Since the collapse of the USSR, public nizations on behalf of disease management The Law on Advocates has passed its first health and the state of the medical care sys- and prevention by combining clinical medi- reading in parliament and appears destined tem in Russia have been deeply troubled. cine, public health, and public education. to be passed in final form in the near term. Mortality trends, which began to worsen in Key examples include cardiovascular disease, The new law will represent the legislative the late 1960s, accelerated downward in the diabetes, and tuberculosis. backbone for the restructuring of the legal past decade, leading to a decline in longevity Assist in the selective provision of thera- profession in Russia. New, higher qualifica- unknown outside parts of the developing peutic drugs and medical equipment. tion standards, ethics standards, etc. will be world. Russia sustained a net loss of 750,000 Increase cooperative biomedical research mandated by the new law. A great deal of as- persons last year. Of the two factors behind between the National Institutes of Health sistance and training will be needed in order this trend—decreased fertility and pre- and research institutes in Russia. to properly implement the law. mature mortality—mortality is the more im- A joint announcement by Presidents Bush Continue to promote the passage of a mod- portant. The major contributor to premature and Putin for close bilateral cooperation on ern criminal procedure code in Russia. The mortality is an excessive incidence of fatal the eradication of AIDS, cancer, etc. would Code itself mandates of expansion of jury cardiovascular disease—heart attacks and build support for these types of programs. trials throughout the entire Federation by

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:31 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00094 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A21MY7.222 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 May 21, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2833 2003 and sets other timetables for the trans- Consider ways to encourage political par- using the strong mathematical and software fer of the responsibility from prosecutors to ticipation locally, including efforts at build- development skills of Russian computer sci- judges for issuing arrest warrants, search ing stronger political parties and organiza- entists. The existing NCI and IPP programs warrants, wiretap orders, and setting condi- tions that represent elements of civil soci- could serve as facilitators for this further de- tions for pretrial release. ety. velopment. Encourage American law schools to pro- Focus on strengthening local legal institu- Restructure our scientific aid programs so vide tuition for at least one Russian student tions, including the courts, the judiciary, that there are economic drivers for invest- and establish a U.S. government program to and legal services for those who can least af- ments in science that complement the polit- cover all other costs. Additionally, Russian ford them, while encouraging legal edu- ical issues and scientific advancements for students should be able to apply for J, I (sec- cation. the project. The existing NCI and IPP pro- tion 212E) visas. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY grams could serve as economic drivers. Fully support and expand institutional re- Summary Establish a mechanism for the exchange of lationships between the Russian and Amer- information and to assist in the implementa- Under the existing 10-year Umbrella Agree- ican local governments. State-to-state, city- tion of initiatives that result from these rec- ment on S&T Cooperation between the Rus- to-city, and mayor-to-mayor initiatives ommendations. sian Federation and the United States signed should be further encouraged. in 1993, a large number of projects have been SPACE AND AERONAUTICS Support and expand training programs for underway involving more than 15 federal Summary local officials in Russia. agencies. Areas of research have included At the dawn of the post-Cold War era, U.S. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS space, the environment, agricultural science, industry feared that Russia’s vast rocket re- Summary energy, public health and medicine, infec- sources would disrupt the international sat- A successful transition to democracy in tious diseases, earth sciences, nuclear and ellite launch services market following the Russia cannot take place only at the na- molecular physics, information technology, end of Soviet Communism. By formulating a tional level. The democratization of national and a wide range of basic science disciplines. framework for cooperative space activities, political institutions without corresponding Cooperative endeavors between U.S. and the U.S. and Russian governments opened changes taking place locally would be a pre- Russian scientists have resulted in numerous the door for the creation of strategic part- scription for political instability. Further- scientific and political breakthroughs. nerships between their respective aerospace more, there are a number or reasons why the Participating U.S. government agencies in- companies. Today, the once secretive Rus- attempt to build democracy at the sub-na- clude: ARS, CDC, DOD, DOE, DOS, DOT, sian Proton Rocket, now marketed alongside tional level in Russia is conducive to a suc- EPA, HHS, NASA, NIH, NIST, NOAA, NRC, other western launch vehicles, is the result cessful transition to democracy nationally. NSF/CRDF, ONR, USDA, and USGS. In addi- of joint ventures between U.S. and Russian In stable federal systems, legitimate and tion, private funds, such as the Soros and space launch service providers. Such ven- effectively functioning local governments Turner Foundations, have made or are about tures, however, will not be limited to only can act as a balance to central power; their to make sizable investments in the Russian marketing space transportation services as absence creates greater opportunity for science community. we enter the 21st century. abuse of power by the center. Under the various programs administered The push for greater commercialization of Popular participation at the local level by these agencies, thousands of Russian sci- government space assets and operations is gives people a knowledge of the mechanics of entists and engineers have been involved in characteristic of new challenges for the 21st democracy. Among the lessons to be learned commercial and scientific relationships. Nu- Century, as well as greater improvements in through participation in local politics are merous areas of cooperation can be expanded space-related technologies for the benefit of tolerance for the opinions of others, major- and new areas can be explored. The U.S. near-Earth space development and space ex- ity rule, representation, and accountability. needs to determine which areas of coopera- ploration. Some members of Congress view a Popular participation in local government tion require focused attention. The goals of newly formulated partnership with Russia as also leads to stronger feelings of political ef- these programs should be self-sustained. a potential solution to the cost-related prob- ficacy—the sense that people have some con- Recommendations lems we now face with the International trol over the decisions that directly effect DoD/DoE should cooperate with MinAtom Space Station (ISS) and other future under- their lives. As such, democratically run local in the area of nuclear fuel cycles, including takings such as the colonization of Mars. Un- governments can instill greater support for development of proliferation resistant fuel doubtedly, the ISS, space exploration, and democratic institutions nationally and so cycles for possible application in advanced improvements in aerospace technology ap- contribute to the development of a demo- nuclear countries and appropriate reposi- pear to be the major elements that will come cratic political culture. tories for final disposition of spent fuel. to characterize U.S.-Russian cooperation in Finally, national policies must be imple- Stimulate arms control thinking by train- space and aeronautics activities in the mid- mented locally; local governments that are ing the next generation of Russian nuclear term. responsive and are perceived as legitimate weapons and public policy specialists in pro- Recommendations are likely to be more effective in doing so. grams for natural and social sciences. International Space Station—Currently, Local knowledge and proximate interest Encourage private firms and NGOs to uti- Russia provides Progress re-supply cargo may improve the effectiveness of local serv- lize current technology to respond to and ships to support ISS refueling and logistics ice delivery. mitigate natural and environmental disas- and Soyuz capsules for crew return. Russia is The Constitution of the Russian Federa- ters. also expected to provide modules for docking tion adopted in 1993 envisages two levels of Encourage industry by way of taxes and and stowage, critical power, and research government below the national level, both other incentives to develop and use Russian modules. Although Russia has invested large operating in accordance with democratic technology and to support the institutes sums of money in the program, it is unclear principles. The upper level consists of 89 fed- that create the technology. whether it can continue as a viable partner eral subdivisions, considered part of the Rus- Continue and expand cooperative fusion re- in this effort due to schedule delays, funding sian state system. Below them are institu- search that began over 25 years ago because shortages, and national security concerns. tions of Local Self Government, generally it is expected that fusion energy could be- Additionally, the U.S. estimate of a growing municipalities. Chapter Eight of the Con- come the long-term non-polluting solution projected Station cost overrun only com- stitution is devoted to these institutions and to the world’s energy needs. pounds the problem. Joint commercializa- accords them an essential role in promoting Involve Russia in nanotechnology projects tion ventures, however, may provide Russia public participation in all local decision because materials research is an area of tra- with opportunities for meeting its ISS obli- making. However, despite the high ideals ex- ditional Russian R&D strength. gations. SpaceHab, Inc. has approached Rus- pressed in the Constitution, democracy at Cooperate with Russia in the area of food sia regarding a cooperative arrangement to the sub-national level in Russia has been safety and food security—in the production develop its Enterprise module, which would slow to develop. Efforts to promote these as well as processing and storage stages. have the capability to meet Russia’s docking ideals are crucial to building democracy in This could provide significant benefits not and stowage obligations as well as provide a Russia. only to the U.S. and Russia, but to devel- oping countries as well. near-term solution for new habitation. Simi- Recommendations Increase cooperation in marine science re- larly, Boeing is interested in developing the Together with Russian specialists, assess search to better address the problems of the Russian FGB–2 as an alternative means for the degree to which efforts to develop insti- ocean, where maintenance of stable fisheries providing habitation capability. Both pro- tutions of local self government in Russia is becoming a source of conflict. Such co- posals require substantial U.S. payments, have succeeded and identify areas of weak- operation can increase our knowledge of the which are not currently budgeted. ness which could benefit from American co- oceans, boost our ability to manage the Space-Related Technologies and Missions— operation. oceans’ rich resources, and enhance our un- In the case of rocket engine development, Propose ways to improve the tax base of derstanding of oceanic effects on climate and Pratt & Whitney, Inc. currently imports local government in Russia and explore ways carbon sequestration. Russia’s RD–180 engines to power the new in which revenues might best be shared be- Further develop commercial relations in U.S. commercial Atlas III and Atlas V tween levels of government. the high-tech area of information technology launchers. Pratt & Whitney is developing a

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:31 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00095 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A21MY7.224 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2 H2834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE May 21, 2002 U.S.-based capability for manufacturing RD– tive programs to move forward in exploring Trade Commission, and for other pur- 180 engines for use on military launches of and determining whether there is life in the poses, which was referred to the House these systems. Additionally, American and oceans beneath the ice on Europa, for exam- Calendar and ordered to be printed. Russian scientists were working to define a ple. Although NASA abandoned its Pluto new space-based stereo viewing research mission earlier this year due to a lack of f project called the Russian-American Obser- funds, a joint mission to Pluto and the vation Satellite (RAMOS). The goal of Kuiper asteroid belts may make it feasible. REPORT ON RESOLUTION WAIVING RAMOS was to build confidence between the Support and expand private sector rela- POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST CON- United States and the Russian Federation by tionship. The Lockheed Krunachev Space FERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 3448, cooperating on a defense research and devel- Launch is an example of this partnership. opment program. This program has cur- PUBLIC HEALTH SECURITY AND rently received an increase in funding. Po- f BIOTERRORISM PREPAREDNESS tential joint U.S.-Russian cooperation pro- RECESS AND RESPONSE ACT OF 2002 grams are focused on a wide range of tech- nologies and space operational needs. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Mr. REYNOLDS, from the Com- (a) Space Solar Power: Russia and U.S. ISSA). Pursuant to clause 12 of rule I, mittee on Rules, submitted a privi- could further this joint technology risk re- the Chair declares the House in recess leged report (Rept. No. 107–483) on the duction program. (b) Cooperative Aero- until approximately 12:10 a.m. resolution (H. Res. 427) waiving points nautics Research Program: This joint re- Accordingly (at 11 o’clock and 57 of order against the conference report search program in advanced aeronautics and minutes p.m.), the House stood in re- to accompany the bill (H.R. 3448) to im- propulsion technologies could benefit both prove the ability of the United States nations. (c) Advanced Space Propulsion tech- cess until approximately 12:10 a.m. to prevent, prepare for, and respond to nology: We should build on previous U.S.- f Russian cooperative activities on Russian bioterrorism and other public health electric propulsion technology for deep space b 2430 emergencies, which was referred to the missions. (d) Joint Weather Satellites: The AFTER RECESS House Calendar and ordered to be U.S. and Russia could jointly develop polar printed. and geostationary weather satellites and The recess having expired, the House solar monitoring satillites. (e) Planetary De- was called to order by the Speaker pro f fense: Joint U.S.-Russian cooperative pro- tempore (Mr. SESSIONS) at 12 o’clock gram to detect, monitor, and track potential and 30 minutes a.m. REPORT ON RESOLUTION PRO- Earth-crossing asteroids and develop capa- VIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF bilities to rapidly respond. There is an f H.R. 4775, 2002 SUPPLEMENTAL unmet need to develop a comprehensive REPORT ON RESOLUTION PRO- APPROPRIATIONS ACT FOR FUR- catalogue of Earth-threatening objects and the means to rapidly respond to the threat VIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF THER RECOVERY FROM AND RE- they pose. (f) Arospace and Aeronautics Re- H.R. 3129, CUSTOMS BORDER SE- SPONSE TO TERRORIST ATTACKS search: Achievement of the goal of low-cost CURITY ACT OF 2002 ON THE UNITED STATES access will depend upon significant improve- Mr. REYNOLDS, from the Com- Mr. REYNOLDS, from the Com- ments in launch vehicle technology develop- mittee on Rules, submitted a privi- mittee on Rules, submitted a privi- ment. It must be understood that U.S.-Rus- sian partnership on space initiatives will re- leged report (Rept. No. 107–482) on the leged report (Rept. No. 107–484) on the quire U.S.-Russian partnership in the areas resolution (H. Res. 426) providing for resolution (H. Res. 428) providing for of aeronautics as well. The state of art in consideration of the bill (H.R. 3129) to consideration of the bill (H.R. 4775) aircraft engine technology for both countries authorize appropriations for fiscal making supplemental appropriations would benefit from an exchange in manufac- years 2002 and 2003 for the United for further recovery from and response turing techniques and materials science. States Customs Service for to terrorist attacks on the United Further Space Exploration—The focus of joint programs involving humans exploring antiterrorism, drug interdiction, and States for the fiscal year ending Sep- the solar system and beyond must involve other operations for the Office of the tember 30, 2002, and for other purposes, launch vehicle technology development. Con- United States Trade Representative, which was referred to the House Cal- centration in this area would allow coopera- for the United States International endar and ordered to be printed.

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:55 May 23, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00096 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A21MY7.227 pfrm04 PsN: H21PT2