Environmental Impact Assessment for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at Plot No

FINAL REPORT AFTER PUBLIC HEARING

Environmental Impact Assessment for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Taluka - Khandala, District - Satara State - Maharashtra (India)

Season : December 2017 to February 2018 File no.: 11011/381/2007-IA II (I) dated 5th August 2018

Project Proponent:

M/s. Privilege Industries Limited HDIL Towers, IIIrd Floor, A Wing, Anant Kanekar Marg, Station Road, Bandra (E), Mumbai-400051 Environment Consultant:

M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. (Certificate no.: NABET/EIA/1720/RA0111 valid till 05.08.2020) Plot No. 74/A, Flat No 102, Central Bank Building Kalyan Nagar, Hyderabad 500038 E-mail: [email protected] , web: www.ssmntech.com Contact no. 040-2316333, Fax No.: 040-23816222 February, 2019 DECLARATION OF CONSULTANT

Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA report for M/s. Privilege Industries Limited Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Taluka - Khandala, District - Satara State - Maharashtra India) . 5(g) distillery project Category-"A" As per EIA Notification 2006 and its Amendment there of.

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA. EIA Coordinator Mr. Vipin Kumar

Signature

Date 24/02/2019 Period of involvement Dec 2017 to Feb 2019 Contact information

Functional Area Experts Involvement Functional Name of Expert Signature and Date S.No. areas (period and task) Site visits followed by selection of monitoring locations, Supervision of air quality monitoring, Identification of probable impacts of different air 1. Mr. Vipin Kumar AP emission from the plants/ facilities proposed, suggesting most suitable control device and contribution to EIA documentation. Site visit & supervision & checking of sampling locations for surfacewater & Ground water samples & their analysis results, Water use auditing, water balance, water budgeting, water 2. WP Dr. CH Rajani Kumari conservation and developing scheme for reuse of water, identification of impacts, finalization of mitigation measures and contribution to EIA documentation. Identification of waste generated from the site, confirming adequacy of 3. SHW Ms. Reshma Thakur mitigation measures for management of hazardous waste and contribution to EIA documentation Conducting baseline socio-economic surveys through interviews/ questionnaire from the surrounding 4. SE Mr. A.Mohan Reddy area/villages of the proposed project, impact identification and mitigation measures for incorporating to EIA documentation Site visit and conduct of ecological survey and preparation of status report for rare endangered and threatned species of animals and plants and also species protected 5. EB Dr. CH Rajani Kumari under national laws, assessment of the impacts of proposed project activities on the biological environment and contribution to EIA documentation Functional Involvement S. No. Name of Expert Signature and Date areas (period and task) Understanding and representing groundwater conditions, supervision of groundwater sampling locations, 6. HG Mr. N.H. Reddy finalization of survey findings, /\/ �� identification of impacts, suggestion of mitigation measures and contribution to the EIA documentation Identification of impacts, suggestion 7. GEO Dr. N.H. Reddy of mitigation measures and /\/ �..t.-':t- contribution to the EIA documentation cl Site visits followed by selection of monitoring locations, Supervision of soil quality monitoring, Identification of Mr. Sunderao probable impacts of different air 8. SC Duggaraju emission from the plants/ facilities proposed, suggesting most suitable control device and contribution to EIA documentation. Evaluation of meteorological data with collected secondary data, modeling Mr. Subramanyam and prediction, identification of ..., t,., 9. AQ J7o Adapa impacts, finalization of mitigation I �- S:, measures and contribution to EIA � · ) documentation Checking of noise sampling results, Mr. Subramanyam .,. analysis of data, identification of I J � 10. L , �. OU NV Adapa impacts and mitigation measures, and 'f? / I � contribution to EIA documentation. Generation and analysis of data related to land use pattern. Mr. Subramanyam Development of landuse maps of 11. LU Adapa study area using ArcGIS / related tools, site visit for ground truth survey, finalization of landuse maps, contribution to EIA documentation. Identification of hazards and hazardous substances Preparation of impacts diagrams & mitigation 12. Mr. K. Raji Reddy RH measures, preparation of disaster management plan, contribution to EIA documentation.

Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ authorized person

I, Dr. CH Rajni Kumari, hereby, confirm that our experts prepared the EIA report for M/s. Privilege Industries Limited Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPDat Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Taluka - Khandala, District - Satara State - Maharashtra India. I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature ��a., �- � Name Dr. CH Rajani Kumari Designation Mainaging Director Name of the EIA Consultant Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. Organization 7 4/A, Flat No. 102, Central Bank Building, Kalyan Nagar, Hyderabad - 500038

NABET Certificate No. & Valid Date NABT/EIA/1720/RA0111 VALIED TILL 05/08/2020 Executive Summary

Environmental Impact Assessment for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at Plot No. B‐1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Taluka ‐ Khandala, District ‐ Satara State ‐ Maharashtra (India)

Project Proponent:

M/s. Privilege Industries Limited HDIL Towers, IIIrd Floor, A Wing, Anant Kanekar Marg, Station Road, Bandra (E), Mumbai‐400051 Environment Consultant:

M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. (QCI/NABET Accredited Vide S. No. 140,Dated 15.06.2018 displayed on NABET website ) Plot No. 74/A, Flat No 102, Central Bank Building Kalyan Nagar, Hyderabad 500038 E‐mail: [email protected] , web: www.ssmntech.com Contact no. 040‐2316333, Fax No.: 040‐23816222 September, 2018 Draft EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Ltd.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process, used to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision making tool, which guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects. EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the proposed project and ensure that these impacts are taken into account during the project designing. 1.1 Environmental Clearance As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Notification S.O. 1533, 14-09-2006 issued by MoEFCC, Government of India, the proposed Grain based distillery expansion project is categorized as Category – A project, which mandates obtaining prior Environmental Clearance from MoEFCC, GOI, NEW DELHI. 1.2 Terms of Reference M/s. Privilege Industries Ltd.(PIL) submitted the application for Environmental Clearance as per the new notification along with prescribed Form1, proposed Terms of Reference for EIA study and pre-Feasibility report on the project in 3rd July 2018. The Expert Appraisal Committee considered the project and issued the Standard Terms of References vide letter no. IA-J- 11011/381/2007-IA-II (I) on dated 5th August 2018 and prescribed Terms of References is incorporated in the EIA report. 1.3 Brief Description of Project Privilege Industries Limited is proposing to expand the existing 100 KLPD production to 130 KLPD at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Khandala Mandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. Total land is available with PIL is 8.0710 ha. No additional land is required for the proposed enhancement. The project location map is given in Figure 1, and 10 km study area map is given in Figure 2. Product Details and Raw Material details Particulars Existing Quantity Proposed Quantity After Enhancement ENA/RS/MS/AA 100 KLPD 30 KLPD 130 KLPD Grain 260 TPD 50 TPD 310 TPD

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Draft EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Ltd.

Project Proponents Privilege Industries Limited (PIL) was incorporated in 2005 with a vision to garner a reputation in excellence, innovation and consistency in the spirit and beverage industry. Distilling and Brewing are our forte and we have built a foundation on high quality, best practices and cutting edge technology. With passion and drive to succeed, coupled with some exquisite blends - the possibilities are endless. PIL was incorporated with a dream to build a reputation for excellence, innovation and consistency in distilling and brewing. With the Indian spirits market on the threshold to soar multi-fold, for premium as well as mass market brands, it makes sense to launch our brands in market segments with the most potential. Continuing with PIL's custom of getting an early advantage, we took the challenge and got down to business.

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Figure 1: Project Location Map

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Figure 2: 10 KM Study Area Map of the Project Site

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2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Raw Material Requirement The raw materials required for the grain based distillery:  Grains – Broken rice, Maize, Bajra, Jowar, barley etc.  Enzymes and Chemicals  Steam  Water  Fuel  Power etc. The working days of the plant are 330 days per year. The raw material requirement per day is given in Table 1. Table 1: Raw Material

Description Exiting Proposed Total Grain 260 T/day 50 T/day 310 T/day Land 80710.0 m2 - 80710.0 m2 Fresh Water 1150 KLD - 1150 KLD Fuel 80 TPD 50 TPD 130 TPD

2.2 Steam Balance The Steam balance is given in Table 2. Table 2: Steam Balance

Sr. No. Description Total 1 Liquefaction 110 2 Fermentation 5 3 Distillation 315 4 MEE 122 5 DDGS dryer 120 Total 672

2.3 Utilities Water Requirement The water requirement in the project will be for Process, cooling purpose, domestic consumption. The existing unit requires 1150 KLD of water and after enhancement water requirement will remain same. This requirement will be met from MIDC, Lonand.

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Water Balance Industrial waste water will be treated in MEE and ETP. The treated water will be used in process. Domestic waste water will be sent to the septic tank followed by soak pit. Zero Discharge norms will be followed. Land Requirement PIL has acquired 80710.0Sq.m of land in MIDC Lonand. The proposed enhancement activity will be established within the existing plant area only. The land breakup details are presented in Table 3. Table 3: Land Break-up Details

S No Particular Existing Proposed After Enhancement (Sq.m) (Sq.m) (Sq.m) 1 Plant Area 35299.62 - 35299.62 2 Greenbelt 26725.00 - 26725.00 3 Parking and Open Area 18685.38 - 18685.38 Total 80710.00 80710.00 Power Requirement The existing power requirement is 4.0 MW and no additional power will be required for proposed enhancement. The power will be sourced from the Captive Thermal Power Plant. Man Power Requirement M/s. Privilege Industries Pvt. Ltd. is already having man power of 235 nos where 110 are direct employees and 125 Indirect employees. There will be an additional employment of 20 man power.

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2.4 Technology and Process Description The manufacturing process is shown in Figure 3. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 DDGS –by Sale as Cattle DWGS 11 feed Product- 130 KLPD 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Figure: 3 -Manufacturing Process of Grain Based Alcohol

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Baseline environmental studies were conducted in the proposed project area and in the area within 10 km radius from the proposed expansion project area to assess the existing environmental scenario in the area. The baseline environmental quality data for various components of environment, viz. Air, Noise, Water, Land were monitored during March to May 2018 in the study area covering 10 km around the Plant area.

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3.1 Meteorology & Ambient Air Quality Summary of the Meteorological Data Generated at Site Summary of Site Specific Wind Pattern

3.2 Ambient Air Quality Status The status of ambient air quality within the study area was monitored for the period of March to May 2018 at 8 locations including the Plant area and in nearby villages. Total 8 sampling locations were selected based on the meteorological conditions considering upwind and

downwind directions. The levels of Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10), Fine Particulates

(PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2,) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) were monitored. The minimum and maximum values of monitoring results are summarized in Table 4. Table 4: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results

Name of Village (s) PM10 PM 2.5 NOx (µg/m3 ) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Max. Min. 98th % Max. Min. 98th % Max. Min. 98th % Project Site 81.3 57.3 80.0 41.1 32.1 41.0 29.7 20.1 29.7 Padegaon Village 76.3 63.1 75.8 42.3 32.5 42.3 28.0 18.0 28.0 Andori Village 65.9 50.8 65.3 39.7 30.7 39.7 25.8 18.3 25.7 KhedBhudruk 71.3 50.2 70.4 37.6 30.1 37.6 28.0 20.2 28.0 Nimbodi Village 68.5 55.6 67.9 37.8 28.5 37.7 24.0 18.0 24.0 Tambave Village 71.3 58.6 70.8 39.6 31.5 39.0 30.4 20.1 30.3 Chamarwadi Village 64.9 55.4 64.9 35.8 22.8 38.0 25.2 18.9 25.2 Lonand 77.6 52.5 76.1 39.8 28.6 39.7 28.0 18.2 27.9 Standards 100 60 80 Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad ES-8

Name of Village (s) SO2 Carbon Monoxide (µg/m3 ) (CO) mg/m3 Min. Max. 98th % Min. Max. 98th % Project Site 18.3 12.2 18.2 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Padegaon Village 19.9 12.4 19.3 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Andori Village 17.9 12.4 17.7 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 KhedBhudruk 20.0 16.3 20.0 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Nimbodi Village 17.9 12.5 17.7 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tambave Village 17.8 10.3 17.6 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Chamarwadi Village 17.5 10.1 17.0 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Lonand 17.5 10.5 17.5 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 CPCB Standards 80 4.0

From the above results, it is observed that the ambient air quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5,

SO2 and NOx at all the monitoring locations was within the permissible limits specified by CPCB. 3.3 Ambient Noise Levels Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out at the 8 monitoring locations; those were selected for ambient air quality monitoring. The monitoring results are summarized in Table 5. Table 5: Summary of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results [Leq in dB(A)]

CPCB CPCB Category of Day Time Night Time S. Name of the place Standards Standards Area/zone In Leq In Leq No (Day time) (Night time) dB (A) dB (A) 1. Project Site Industrial 69.3 60.3 75dB (A) 70dB (A) 2. Padegaon Village Residential 54.2 46.8 55dB (A) 45dB (A) 3. Andori Village Residential 54.6 45.4 55dB (A) 45dB (A) 4. KhedBhudruk Residential 54.9 44.1 55dB (A) 45dB (A) 5. Nimbodi Village Residential 53.8 42.9 55dB (A) 45dB (A) 6. Tambave Village Residential 53.5 43.2 55dB (A) 45dB (A) 7. Chamarwadi Village Residential 54.0 43.6 55dB (A) 45dB (A) 8. Lonand Commercial 58.7 48.7 65dB (A) 55dB (A)

3.4 Surface and Ground Water Resources & Quality Surface Water pH is observed in the range of 7.89 to 8.24 and conductivity varied from 396 to 820 mhos/cm. Chloride and Sulphate were observed to be in the range of 49.98-102.47mg/l and from 22.11- 42.60mg/l respectively. The heavy metal contents are found to be negligible. Water quality is excellent but it is not potable due to presence of coliform. It can be used for drinking purpose after installing bacteriological treatment devices at individual or at community level.

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Ground Water Sampling was carried out at 8 locations during the study period. Sampling and analysis was carried out, as per standard methods and frequency of the sampling was thrice/stations. The summary of the results are presented below: pH in ground water sample was observed to be in the range 6.98 to 8.03 while conductivity was observed in the range of 652- 1157S/cm. The value of alkalinity and hardness were observed in the range of 132 – 160 mg/l and 158 to 170 mg/l respectively. Whereas the heavy metals were found to be within the limits. 3.5 Land use Land Cover classification The Land Cover classes and their coverage are summarized in Table 6. Table 6: LU/LC Classes and their Coverage in SQ. km of 10 km Radius)

S. Class Area (Ha) No. 1 Water Body 835.63 2 Settlement 768.56 3 Barren Land 3694.14 4 Open scrub 3407.23 5 Fallow land 7410.68 6 Agriculture Land 15290.56 Total 31406.8

3.6 Soil Quality Sampling was carried out at 8 locations during the study period. The summary of the results are presented that pH in soil sample was observed in the range 6.40 to 8.97 while bulk density was observed in the range of 1.16 -1.36 g/cc. 3.7 Biological Environment Rare and Endangered Flora in the Study Area The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. Among the enumerated flora in the study area, none of them were assigned any threat category, by RED data book of Indian Plants. (Nayar and Sastry, 1990) and Red list of threatened Vascular plants (IUCN, 2010; BSI, 2003).

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3.8 Socio-economic Environment Information on socio-demographic status and the trends of the communities in the 10 km radius was collected through primary social survey and secondary data from census 2011 & village directory 2011. Summary of the socio-economic status of the study area is given in Table 7. Table 7: Population Details District Details 10 km Radius Area S.No. Demographic Parameters No.s & % Details 1 States Maharashtra 2 District Satara 1)Khandala 3 No. of Taluka 11 2) Phaltan 4 No. of Total Villages 216 30 5 Total No. of Households 6,53,735 15,873 6 Total Population 1506843 60807 Sex ratio 7 Male 15,10,842(50%) 38,126 (51%) Female 14, 92,899(50%) 36656(49%) 8 Scheduled castes 3,23,236(10.76%) 8,072(10.79%) 9 Scheduled Tribes 29,635(0.98%) 1,085(1.45%) 10 Literate 9,17,709(74.09%) 56,195 (75.15%) 11 Main Worker 13,54,947(87.41%) 31,493(91.89%) 12 Marginal Worker 1,70,540(12.58%) 5,184(8.11%) 13 Non Worker 9,82,757(58.15%) 2,78,26(54.50%) 4.0 MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 AIR Pollution Control Measures Following measures will be taken to control air/fugitive pollution during operation:  Stack height would be approx.. 50 m for gaseous emission confirming to the CPCB norms. D. G. Sets, stack height of 3.0 m above the roof level will be maintained.  Stack emission level will be kept within permissible limit by installation of ESP and online stack emission monitoring will be done.  Ambient air quality and stack emission would be regularly monitored and effective control exercised, so as to keep limits on stack emission loads would be met honestly at all the time.  In order to avoid fugitive emissions from different sources, water will be sprayed. Also the roads within the premises will be concreted to prevent dust emission.

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 The ambient air monitoring will be carried out regularly in the work zone and surrounding areas, to check that ambient air levels of the contaminants, are well below the stipulated norms.  Green belt around the periphery and within premises will be developed which will help in attenuating the pollutants emitted by the plant. 4.2 Water Quality Management The proposed project would be based on “Zero Liquid Discharge” (ZLD) 4.3 Noise Pollution Control Various components of industrial operations will cause some amount of noise, which will be controlled by proper maintenance and compact technology. i. Time to time oiling and servicing of machineries will be done. ii. Acoustic enclosure for Turbine and D.G. sets will be provided. iii. Green belt development (plantation of dense trees across the boundary) will help in reducing noise levels in the plant as a result of attenuation of noise generated due to plant operations, and transportation. 4.4 Greenbelt Development and Plantation About 33% of the plant site will be developed as green belt. 4.5 EMP and CER Details Details of environment management plan are given in Table 8 and CER in Table 9. Table 8: EMP Budget Recurring Cost Capital Cost S. No. Item /Annum(Lac) (Lac) 1 Air Pollution Control 130 400 2 Water Pollution Control 45 1455 3 Noise Pollution Control 0.15 3 Environment Monitoring and 4 2 3 Management 5 Occupational Health 5 10 6 Green Belt 2.75 10 7 Safety Management 0.5 10 8 Laboratory and chemicals 30 3 Total 215.4 1894

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Table 9: EMP Budget Activity Identified(under Proposed Expansion) ESC Budget (Lakhs) Drinking Water facility in nearby Villages 10.0 Health Checkups to nearby Villages 10.0 Vocational Skill Development programmes 10.0 Plantation in surrounding villages 7.5 Total 37.5

5.0 CONCLUSION As discussed, it is safe to say that the project is not likely to cause any significant impact on the ecology of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to contain the various pollutants within permissible limits. Green belt development around the area will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigative technique, as well as to control the pollutants released from the premises of the project.

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Khandala Mandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited

CONTENTS

S. No Chapters Page. No. 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMERY 1.0 INTRODUCTION CH1-1 1.1 Purpose of the Report CH1- 1 1.2 Identification of Project & Project Proponent CH1- 2 1.3 Project Cost CH1- 2 1.4 Nature, Size and Location of Project Site CH1- 2 1.5 Project Importance CH1- 6 1.6 Site Selection CH1- 6 1.7 Scope of study CH1- 7 1.7.1 Methodology of EIA CH1- 7 1.7.2 Micro Meteorology CH1- 8 1.7.3 Ambient Air Quality CH1- 8 1.7.4 Noise Environment CH1- 9 1.7.5 Water Environment CH1- 9 1.7.6 Land Environment CH1- 9 1.7.7 Biological Environment CH1- 9 1.7.8 Socio- Economic Environment CH1- 10 1.7.9 Prediction of Impacts, Environmental Management Plan & Disaster CH1- 10 Management Plan 1.8 Compliance to The Terms of Reference CH1- 11 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Type of Project CH2-1 2.2 Need for the Project CH2-1 2.3 Location of the Project & Site Layout CH2-1 2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation CH2-5 2.5 Raw Material Requirement CH2-5 2.5.1 Source of Raw Materials CH2-6 2.6 Utilities CH2-6 2.6.1 Water Requirement CH2-6 2.6.2 Land Requirement CH2-6 2.6.3 Power Requirement and Fuel Requirement CH2-7 2.6.4 Steam Requirement CH2-7 2.6.5 Man Power Requirement CH2-7 2.7 Technology and Process Description CH2-8 2.7.1 ENA/RS/MS/AA Production Process CH2-8 2.7.2 Co-Generation Power Plant CH2-12 2.8 Plant Facilities & Other Requirements CH2-16 2.8.1 Raw Material Receipt and Storage Yard CH2-16 2.9 Justification of Production Enhancement CH2-16 2.10 Description of Mitigation Measures CH2-16 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Study Area CH3-1 3.2 Study Period CH3-1 3.3 Components and Methodology CH3-1 3.3.1 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area CH3-2

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S. No Chapters Page. No. 3.3.2 Geology CH3-5 3.3.3 Hydrogeology CH3-7 3.3.4 Air Quality & Meteorology CH3-8 3.3.5 Air Environment CH3-13 3.3.6 Noise Level CH3-13 3.3.7 Water Environment CH3-17 3.3.7.1 Surface Water CH3-17 3.3.8 Land Environment (Soil Quality) CH3-25 3.3.9 Biological Environment CH3-27 3.3.10 Socio-economic Environment CH3-31 3.3.11 Traffic Study CH3-38 4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.0 Introduction CH4-1 4.1 Impacts During Construction Phase CH4-1 4.2 Impacts During Operational Phase CH4-2 4.2.1 Impact on Land Use CH4-2 4.2.2 Impact on Soil Quality CH4-2 4.2.3 Impact on Topography CH4-2 4.2.4 Impact on Air Environment CH4-2 4.2.5 Meteorological Data CH4-4 4.2.6 Application Of Iscst3 For Prediction Of Ground Level Concentration CH4-5 4.2.8 Noise Environment CH4-10 4.2.9 Water Environment CH4-13 4.2.10 Solid Waste Generation CH4-13 4.2.11 Traffic Details CH4-14 4.2.12 Rain Water Harvesting /Recharge Plan CH4-14 4.2.13 Socio-economic Impacts CH4-14 5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) CH5-1 5.1 Analysis of Alternative Technology CH5-1 5.2 Analysis of Alternative Sites CH5-1 6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 6.0 Introduction CH6-1 6.1 Environmental Monitoring CH6-1 6.2 Monitoring Points / Locations And Components CH6-1 6.3 Monitoring Parameters and Frequency CH6-2 6.4 Monitoring Methodologies CH6-2 6.5 Reporting and Documentation CH6-2 6.6 Budget and Procurement Schedule CH6-3 7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES CH7-1 7.0 Introduction CH7-1 7.1 Risk Assessment CH7-1 7.1.1 Risk during Construction Phase CH7-1 7.1.2 Risk during Operational Phase CH7-1 7.1.3 Risk Analysis Methodologies CH7-2 7.2 Potential Risk Area Assessment in 130 KLPD Distillery Plant CH7-5 7.2.1 Model Used for Fire Radiation Analysis CH7-6 7.3 Disaster Management Plan CH7-10 7.3.1 Definition CH7-10

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S. No Chapters Page. No. 7.3.2 Scope CH7-10 7.3.3 Objective CH7-10 7.3.4 Identification of Hazards CH7-11 7.3.5 Safety Measures for Storage and Handling of alcohol CH7-12 7.4 Emergency Planning CH7-12 7.4.1 General CH7-12 7.4.2 Emergency Planning for Disaster due to Fire CH7-12 7.4.2.1 Classification of Fire CH7-12 7.4.3 Need of Establishing a Fire Fighting Group CH7-13 7.4.4 Inspection CH7-13 7.4.5 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire CH7-13 7.4.6 Fire Fighting with Water CH7-14 7.4.7 Sources of Water for Fire Fighting CH7-14 7.4.8 Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers CH7-14 7.5 On–Site Emergency Plan CH7-15 7.5.1 Introduction CH7-15 7.6 Preparation of Plan CH7-15 7.6.1 Alarm System CH7-15 7.6.2 Communication CH7-15 7.6.3 Fire Protection System CH7-15 7.6.3.1 Fire Fighting System CH7-15 7.6.4 First Aid CH7-16 7.6.5 Security CH7-16 7.6.6 Safety CH7-16 7.6.7 Evacuation Procedure CH7-17 7.6.8 Emergency Control Center CH7-17 7.6.9 Communication Equipments and Alarm Systems CH7-18 7.6.9.1 Sirens CH7-18 7.6.10 Personal Protective Equipments CH7-18 7.6.11 Procedure for Testing and Updating the Plan CH7-19 7.6.12 Disclosure of Information to Worker and Public Awareness System in CH7-19 Existence and Anticipated 7.7 Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan CH7-19 7.8 Occupational Health and Safety CH7-23 7.9 Public Consultation CH7-28 8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS 8.0 Introduction CH8-1 8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure CH8-1 8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure CH8-1 8.3 Employment Potential CH8-2 9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 9.1 Introduction CH9-1 10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 10.0 Introduction CH10-1 10.1 Pollution Control System CH10-2 10.1.1 Air Environment CH10-2 10.1.2 Action Plan to Control Fugitive Emission CH10-2

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S. No Chapters Page. No. 10.1.3 Waste Water Environment CH10-3 10.1.4 Solid Waste Environment CH10-3 10.1.5 Noise Environment CH10-3 10.1.6 Green Belt Development CH10-3 10.1.6.1 Eco System CH10-4 101.6.2 Plantation Techniques CH10-5 10.1.6.3 Aftercare and Monitoring CH10-5 10.1.6.4 Baseline data and Potential Impacts of the Study Area CH10-5 10.1.6.5 Recommendation on Green Belt Development CH10-6 10.1.7 Occupational Health and Safety CH10-8 10.1.8 Personnel Protective Equipments CH10-8 10.2 Overall Recommendation and Implementation Schedule CH10-10 10.2.1 Introduction CH10-10 10.2.2 Implementation Schedule and Environmental Management Cell. CH10-10 10.2.3 Budget for Implementation Environment Management Plan CH10-10 10.2.4 Justification of Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) CH10-11 11.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION CH11-1 11.0 Introduction CH11-1 11.1 Environmental Clearance CH11-1 11.2 Terms of Reference CH11-1 11.3 Brief Description of Project CH11-1 11.4 Mitigation Measures CH11-1 11.4.1 Air Pollution Control Measures CH11-1 11.4.2 Water Quality Management CH11-2 11.4.3 Noise Pollution Control CH11-2 11.4.4 Greenbelt Development and Plantation CH11-2 11.5 Conclusion CH11-2 12.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT CH12-1 ANNEXURE 1 Terms of Reference 2 Water Allotment Letter 3 Existing Environmental Clearance 4 Existing consent to operate 5 Existing EC certified compliance report 6 List of Major industries in MIDC 7 AAQ privilage 8 MOU Details 9 EHS Policy

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Location Map CH1-3 Figure 1.2 Google Image of the Project Site CH1-4 Figure 1.3 10 KM Study Area Map of the Project Site CH1-5 Figure 2.1 Plant Layout CH2-2 Figure 2.2(A) Site Photographs CH2-3 Figure 2.2(B) Site Photographs CH2-4 Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Process of Grain Based Alcohol CH2-8 Figure 3.1 Methodology Used for Land use Classification and CH3-3 Mapping Figure 3.2 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area (10 km Radius from CH3-4 the Project Site) Figure 3.3 (A) Wind Rose Diagram (IDM Pune) CH3-12 Figure 3.3 (B) Wind Rose Diagram (site specific) CH3-13 Figure 3.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations CH3-16 Figure 3.5 Noise Monitoring Locations CH3-19 Figure 3.6 Water Quality Monitoring Locations Map CH3-24 Figure 3.7 Soil quality Monitoring Stations CH3-26 Figure 3.8 Population Graph CH3-33 Figure 4.1 Ground Level Concentrations of PM CH4-7 Figure 4.2 Ground Level Concentrations of SO2 CH4-8 Figure 4.3 Ground Level Concentrations of NOx CH4-9 Figure 4.4 Noise Dispersion Contour CH4-12 Figure 7.1 Radiation intensity vs distance for ENA (750 KL) CH7-8 Figure 7.2 Radiation intensity vs distance for Sprit (750 KL) CH7-9 Figure 7.3 Emergency Control Plan CH7-19 Figure 10.1 Greenbelt/Green Cover Plan CH10-7 Figure 10.2 Environmental Management Cell CH10-10

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Project Details CH1-2 Table 1.2 Environmental Attributes And Frequency Of Monitoring CH1-10 Table 2.1 Salient Features of the Project Site CH2-5 Table 2.2 Existing and Proposed Products Quantities CH2-5 Table 2.3 Raw Material CH2-6 Table 2.4 Water Requirement CH2-6 Table 2.5 Land Break-up Details CH2-7 Table 3.1 Land use pattern of study area CH3-3 Table 3.2(A) Meteorological Data (IMD Based) CH3-9 Table 3.2(B) Meteorological Data (site specific Data) CH3-10 Table 3.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations locations CH3-14 Table 3.4(A) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results CH3-14 Table 3.4(B) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results CH3-15 Table 3.5 Noise Quality Monitoring Stations CH3-17

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Table 3.6 Noise Quality Monitoring Results CH3-18 Table 3.7 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Stations CH3-20 Table 3.8 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Stations CH3-21 Table 3.9 Surface Water Report of River Water CH3-21 Table 3.10 Ground Water Analysis Report CH3-22 Table 3.11 Soil Sampling Locations CH3-25 Table 3.12 Soil Quality report CH3-27 Table 3.13 Details of Flora Around the Study Area CH3-28 Table3.14(A) For Various Species of Fauna in the Study Area CH3-30 Table3.14(B) For Various Species of Birds in the Study Area CH3-31 Table 3.15 Summary of Demographic Structure in Study Area CH3-32 Table 3.16 Main Worker Employment Pattern CH3-35 Table 3.17 Highways in the Study Area CH3-38 Table 3.18 Nos. of Vehicles Per Day CH3-38 Table 4.1 Nature of Emission And Pollutant CH4-3 Table 4.2 Emission Details of Proposed Boiler CH4-3 Table 4.3 Overall Scenarios Within Study Area CH4-6 Table 4.4 Expected Noise Levels From Different Units CH4-11 Table 4.5 Permissible Noise Levels CH4-12 Table 4.6 Rain Water Harvesting/Recharge Details CH4-14 Table 6.1 Post Project Environmental Monitoring Locations CH6-1 Table 6.2 Parameters and Frequency for Post Project Environmental CH6-2 Monitoring Table 6.3 Environment Monitoring Budget CH6-3 Table 7.1 Potential Risk Area Inside the Plant CH7-5 Table 7.2 Damage due to incident Radiation intensities CH7-6 Table 7.3 Release Of ENA and sprit from the storage Facilities CH7-7 Table 7.4 Radiation intensities vs Distance for ENA (750 KLD) CH7-7 Table 7.5 Radiation intensities vs Distance for ENA (150 KLD) CH7-7 Table 10.1 Action Plan to Control Fugitive Emissions CH10-3 Table 10.2 EMP Budget CH10-10

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1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT M/s Privilege Industries Limited (PIL) is grain based distillery at plot no Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Khandala Mandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. PIL is proposing enhancement of existing grain based distillery capacity. It is proposed to increase in production from 100 KLPD to 130 KLPD with modification in production parameters. The existing project was accorded environmental clearance vide Lr.no. J- 11011/ 381/ 2007- IA- II (I) dated 24th January 2011 and Consent to Operate was accorded by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board vide lr. no. Format-1.0/BO/CAC-CELL/UAN No. 0000053347/R/CAC-1901001249 dated 18.01.2019 valid until 31.08.2019. The Product and raw material details of existing plant and proposed enhancement and total capacity after proposed enhancement is as follows: Particulars Existing Quantity Proposed Quantity After Enhancement ENA/RS/MS/AA 100 KLPD 30 KLPD 130 KLPD Grain 260 TPD 50 TPD 310 TPD

In view of the above PIL had made online application vide proposal no. IA/MH/IND2/67657/2017 dated 10th Oct. 2017 for expansion capacity 100 KLPD to 120 KLPD. Hon’ble Committee issued the Terms of reference on 16th Nov. 2017. Further, PIL Management decided to expand the production capacity from 100 KLPD to 130 KLPD. In view of this, PIL applied for amendment in TOR with reference no. IA/MH/IND2/75684/2018 dated 3rd July 2018 along with the application in prescribed format (Form-I), copy of pre-feasibility report and proposed ToRs for undertaking detailed EIA study as per the EIA Notification, 2006 for the project mentioned above. The proposed project activity is listed at Sl. No. 5(g) distillery project under Category “A” EIA Notification, 2006 and the proposal is appraised at Central level. The Expert Appraisal Committee considered the project and issued the Standard Terms of References vide letter no. IA-J-11011/381/2007-IA-II (I) on dated 5th August 2018. The copy of Terms of reference is given in Annexure 1. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report preparation and the corresponding work are entrusted to our Environmental consultant M/s Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. for the proposed project baseline data was collected for the period of December 2017 to February 2018.

Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH1-1 Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited 1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT : The proposed project is enhancement in production of ENA/RS/MS/AA. After enhancement total production capacity will be 130 KLD. The proposed enhancement will be done within the plant premises by modification in process. The project is situated in Notified Industrial area i.e Lonand MIDC, Satara, Maharashtra. Project Proponents Privilege Industries Limited (PIL) was incorporated in 2005 with a vision to garner a reputation in excellence, innovation and consistency in the spirit and beverage industry. Distilling and Brewing are our forte and we have built a foundation on high quality, best practices and cutting edge technology. With passion and drive to succeed, coupled with some exquisite blends - the possibilities are endless. PIL was incorporated with a dream to build a reputation for excellence, innovation and consistency in distilling and brewing. With the Indian spirits market on the threshold to soar multi-fold, for premium as well as mass market brands, it makes sense to launch our brands in market segments with the most potential. Continuing with PIL's custom of getting an early advantage, we took the challenge and got down to business. 1.3 PROJECT COST The estimated project cost of the proposed enhancement will be INR 25 Crores. Total project cost after expansion will be INR 215 crores. 1.4 NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OF PROJECT SITE Privilege Industries Limited is proposing to expand the existing 100 KLPD production to 130 KLPD at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Khandala Mandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. Total land is available with PIL is 8.0710 ha. No additional land is required for the proposed enhancement. Details of the project are given in Table 1.1.The project location map is given in Figure 1.1, Google image of the project is given in Figure 1.2 and 10 km study area map is given in Figure 1.3. Table 1.1: Project Details Project Location Plot No. B-1, MIDC, Lonand, Taluka: Khandala, Dist.: Satara, Maharashtra Latitude & Longitude 18° 3'42.24"N 74°10'21.45"E 18° 3'49.98"N 74°10'29.11"E 18° 3'57.52"N 74°10'20.97"E 18° 3'48.40"N 74°10'17.11"E Nearest Town Lonand – 4 Km in SSE Nearest City Satara – 57.5 Km in S

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Nearest Railway Station Lonand Railway Station – 4 Km in SSE Nearest Airport Pune Airport – 62 Km in NNW Nearest Highway SH 70 - 0.5 Km Ecological Sensitive Areas Nil

Figure 1.1: Location Map of the Project Site

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Figure 1.2: Google Image of the Project Site

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Figure 1.3: 10 KM Study Area Map of the Project Site

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited 1.5 PROJECT IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY India is one of the major alcohol producing countries. Production of alcohol has gone up from a meager 100 million liters in the fifties to the current level of more than 600 million liters. The Russia, USA, Brazil, India, the UK, Japan and West Germany, are the leading alcohol producing countries. India, has been exporting alcohol in substantial quantities. According to a survey conducted by a UK-based trade magazine on liquor, three Indian brands figured in the "Top 25 Fastest Growing Brands in the world in 1994". While the survey is for both local as well as foreign sales, it takes into account only those brands which "export or produce more than 10 percent of their sales volumes overseas"- in other words, Indian-made Foreign liquor (IMFL) could actually be well on its way to becoming a preferred foreign liquor. Indian Consumption of whisky has grown at an average 14% annually for the past eight years, climbing to 30 million cases (of 12 bottles of 750 ml each) per annum. That makes India the hottest whisky market in the world. Alcohol has assumed very important place in the Country’s economy. It is a vital raw material for a number of chemicals and become the source of large amount of revenue for government as Excise Duty. Now government is encouraging production of ethanol from distilleries to blend with fuel to reduce foreign imports. In India about 350 distillery units of 4.0 billion liters & 100 distillery units of 1.8 billion liters are molasses & grain based respectively. Typical Indian ‘C’ heavy massecuites by-product of Sugar industries is being used as raw material in molasses based distilleries. Potatoes, Rice, Maize, Malt, Wheat, Barley, and Sugarcane & Sugar beet are various used in grain based distilleries. 1.6 SITE SELECTION This site has been selected because of following criteria of site selection: • MIDC allotted site • Availability of non agriculture land without any rehabilitation requirement. • Availability of grain from surrounding distributers. • It is an existing site already leveled with all infrastructures in place. • Availability of infrastructure facilities like communication and electricity. • Availability of water sources – MIDC supplied. • The site is away from the flood plain of major revering system. • The site is away from metropolitan cities, National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, ecological sensitive areas like biospheres reserve and coastal areas rich in corals.

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited • There is no of defense installation close to the site. • Location in rural area benefitting farmers as it is an agro based industry. 1.7 SCOPE OF STUDY The scope of the study includes preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment study with detailed characterization of various environmental components such as air, noise, water, land, biological and socio economic within an area of 10 km radius around the project site located at Plot No. B-1, MIDC, Lonand, Taluka: Khandala District : Satara, Maharashtra The baseline study was conducted as per the latest guidelines of MoEFCC and study was conducted during the period of December 2017 – February 2018. The main objectives of characterization are as follows:  To assess the existing baseline status of air, water, noise, land, biological and socio- economic environments within the project site and around 10 km radius of the study area  To identify and quantify significant impacts due to the proposed activity on various environmental components through prediction of impacts.  To evaluate the beneficial and adverse impacts of the proposed activity.  To prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) detailing control technologies and measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts if any, as a consequence of the proposed activity.  To prepare a Post Project Monitoring Program for checking and regulating the environmental quality of the project and help in sustainable development of the area. 1.7.1 Methodology of EIA Any developmental activity is expected to cause impacts on surrounding environment during the construction and operation phases. The impacts may be adverse or beneficial. In order to assess the impacts due to the proposed activity, an Environmental Impact Assessment study has been conducted within an area of 10 km radius around the project site as per Terms of Reference. The various steps involved in Environmental Impact Assessment study are divided into the following phases.  Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the existing status within the impact zone with respect of air, water, noise, soil, biological and socioeconomic components of environment.  Prediction of impact on air quality taking into consideration the proposed emissions to

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited project the overall scenario.  Prediction of impact on Water, Land, Biological and Socio Economic Environment  Evaluation of total impacts after superimposing the predicted scenario over the baseline scenario to prepare an Environmental Management Plan. The methodology adopted for studying the various individual components of environment is described below. 1.7.2 Micro Meteorology An auto weather monitoring station to record meteorological parameters was installed at proposed project site. Wind speed, Wind direction, maximum, and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, cloud cover was recorded on hourly basis continuously covering the entire three months from December 2017 – February 2018. Wind speed & Wind direction data recorded during the study period were used for computation of relative percentage frequencies of different wind directions. The meteorological data thus collected has been used for interpretation of the existing Ambient Air Quality status, and the same data has been used for prediction of impacts of future scenario due to the activities of the proposed scheme. 1.7.3 Ambient Air Quality The scenario of the existing ambient air quality in the study region has been assessed through a network of 8 ambient air quality stations during the study period within an area of 10 km radius around the project area. The monitoring network was so designed such that representative samples are obtained from the upwind direction, down wind and cross wind directions of the proposed project site. These monitoring sites have been established keeping in view the available climatologically norms of predominant wind direction and wind speed of this particular region. The following points were also taken into consideration in designing the network of sampling stations: 1. Topography/ Terrain of the study area 2. Populated areas within the study area 3. Residential and sensitive areas within the study area. 4. Magnitude of the surrounding industries 5. Representation of regional background levels 6. Representations of cross sectional distribution in downward direction.

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Ambient Air Quality monitored 24 hours per day for PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOxand CO at 8 stations within 10km radius of the project site once in twice per a week for the study period. Pre-calibrated respirable dust samplers have been used for monitoring of the existing AAQ status. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were, as per the approved methods of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Maximum, minimum, average and percentile values have been computed from the raw data collected at all individual sampling stations to represent the ambient air quality status of the study area. 1.7.4 Noise Environment Noise monitoring has been carried out at eight locations to identify the impact due to the existing sources on the surroundings in the study area. Noise levels were recorded at an interval of 30 minutes during the day and night times to compute the day equivalent, night equivalent and day-night equivalent level. 1.7.5 Water Environment Eight groundwater samples and eight surface water samples from various locations around the project site within 10 km radius were collected for assessment of the existing physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were according to the IS methods. Field parameters such as pH, Temperature were monitored on site. The parameters thus analyzed were compared with IS 10500:2012. The activities surrounding the source during sampling were taken into consideration in interpretation of the water quality of that particular source. 1.7.6 Land Environment Ground truth studies were conducted to identify the land use in and around 10 km radius of the site. Representative soil samples were collected from- eight sampling locations within an area of 10 km radius around the proposed project site for analysis of the physico chemical characteristics to assess the cropping pattern, microbial growth etc. standard procedures were followed for sampling and analysis. The samples collected were also analyzed to check the suitability for growth of native plant species in and around the project site. 1.7.7 Biological Environment Intensive survey of flora and fauna of the project site and its surroundings extending up to a radius of 10 Km has been collected during the study period. As for as the fauna is concerned, both primary and secondary data have been collected from various government departments such as forest, agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandry to

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited clearly understand the status of fauna. Quadrant method has been used for sampling of flora. 1.7.8 Socio- Economic Environment Details on economic status of various villages within an area of 10 km around the project site have collected. Information on existing amenities has been collected to determine the developmental activities. Such developmental activities would result in upliftment of the economic status in the area. All the above environmental parameters have been used for identification, evaluation and prediction of significant impacts. 1.7.9 Prediction of Impacts, Environmental Management Plan & Disaster Management Plan Various technical aspects of the proposed project have been studied to identify the significant impacts, which would arise from the proposed activity. The identified impacts have been quantified through prediction of impacts to estimate the post project scenario. Identified impacts due to proposed project have been studied in detail to predict the impacts on various environmental components. Predicted scenario has been superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for this proposed project details the control measures, which will be suitable for proposed enhancement to maintain environmental quality within the stipulated limits specified by State Pollution Control Board/CPCB/MoEFCC. Table 1.2 Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring

Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring Ambient Air PM 10, PM2.5 24 hourly samples twice a week Quality for four weeks at eight locations.

Ambient Air SO2, NOx 8 hourly samples average to 24 Quality hrs for four weeks at eight locations.

Meteorology Wind Speed, direction, Continuous monitoring station for Temperature, relative humidity entire study period on hourly basis and rainfall and also data collection from Secondary sources.

Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Once during the study period at Bacteriological parameters ten locations

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited Biology Existing Flora and Fauna Through field visit during the study period and substantiated through Secondary sources.

Noise Levels Noise levels in dB(A) Hourly observations for 24 hours per location Soil Parameters related to agricultural Once during the study period at Characteristics and afforestation potential eight locations

Land Use Trend of land use change for Data from various Different categories Government agencies. Socio-economic Socio-economic characteristics, Field Survey and Aspects labour force characteristics, Census Handbook, 2011 population statistics and existing amenities in the study area.

1.8 COMPLIANCE TO THE TERMS OFREFERENCE Compliance to the Standard terms of reference issued by MoEFCC is given below: Standards TOR

S. TOR POINT Compliance of TOR Points No. 1 Executive Summary Attached with EIA Report 2 Introduction i) Details of the EIA Consultant Details are Given in Chapter 12. including NABET accreditation ii) Information about the project Details are given in Chapter 1, Subheading 1.2 proponent iii) Importance and benefits of the Details are given in Chapter 8. project 3 Project Description 1 Cost of project and time of The estimated project cost of the proposed completion. enhancement is INR 25 Crores. Project modification will be done within 24 months after getting all project related approvals. 2 Products with capacities for the ENA/RS/MS/AA is the main products. After proposed project. enhancement the total capacity will be 130 KLPD. 3 If enhancement project, details of Existing Production capacity is 100 KLPD and existing products with capacities and after enhancement the capacity will be 130 whether adequate land is available KLPD. No Additional Land the required for

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited for enhancement, reference of Enhancement activity. earlier EC if any. 4 List of raw materials required and Details are given in Chapter 2, subheading their source along with mode of 2.5. transportation. 5 Other chemicals and materials No additional Material and Chemicals required with quantities and storage required for proposed enhancement. capacities 6 Details of Emission, effluents, Emission Details are given in Chapter 4, hazardous waste generation and Subheading 4.2.4. their management. Effluent details are given in Chapter 4, Subheading 4.2.9 Waste generation details are given in Chapter 4, Subheading 4.2.10

7 Requirement of water, power, with About 1150 KLD water is required and will source of supply, status of approval, source from Lonand MIDC. Water allotment water balance diagram, man-power letter is attached as Annexure 2. requirement (regular and contract) Existing 4 MW CPP is sufficient for Proposed enhancement. No additional Manpower is required as the production will be achieved by some modification in process.

8 Process description along with major Details are given in Chapter 2, Subheading equipment and machineries, process 2.7. flow sheet (Quantitative) from raw material to products to be provided 9 Hazard identification and details of Details are given in Chapter 7. proposed safety systems 10 a. Copy of all the Environmental Existing environment Clearance letter is Clearance(s) including Amendments attached as Annexure 3. thereto obtained for the project from Existing consent to Operate is attached as MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure 4. Annexure. A certified copy of the Existing EC certified compliance report is latest Monitoring Report of the attached as Annexure 5. Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing /existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited EIA-EMP report. b. In case the existing project has not Not applicable. obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4 Site Details 1 Location of the project site covering Location details are given in Chapter 1, Sub village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and heading 1.4 State, Justification for selecting the Site selection details are given in Chapter 1, site, whether other sites were subheading 1.6 considered. 2 A toposheet of the study area of Details are given in Chapter 1, Figure 1.3. radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) 3 Details w.r.t option analysis for Site selection details are given in Chapter 1, selection of site subheading 1.6 4 Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four Details are given in Chapter 1, Figure 1.2. corners of the site. 5 Google map-Earth downloaded of Details are given in Chapter 1, Figure 1.2. the project site.

6 Layout maps indicating existing unit Layout map is given in Chapter 2, Figure 2.1. as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. 7 Photographs of the proposed and Photographs of the plant site are given in existing (if applicable) plant site. If Chapter 2, Figure 2.2. existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular. 8 Land use break-up of total land of The project land comes under Lonand MIDC. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH1-13

Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited the project site (identified and Hence not applicable. acquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area) 9 A list of major industries with name Details are given in Annexure-6. and type within study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area 10 Geological features and Geo- Details are given in Chapter 3, Subheading hydrological status of the study area 3.3.2. shall be included. 11 Details of Drainage of the project No Major river or nala found within 5 Km upto 5km radius of study area. If the radius of project site. site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) 12 Status of acquisition of land. If Project site is located in Lonand MIDC. acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land. 13 R&R details in respect of land in line Not Applicable with state Government policy. 5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): 1 Permission and approval for the use Not Applicable of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable). 2 Land use map based on High Not Applicable resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than40 ha). 3 Status of Application submitted for Not Applicable obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted.

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited 4 The projects to be located within 10 Not Applicable km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon. 5 Wildlife Conservation Plan duly Not Applicable authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area. 6 Copy of application submitted for Not Applicable clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6. Environmental Status 1 Determination of atmospheric Details are given in Chapter 3, Subheading inversion level at the project site and 3.3.4. site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. 2 AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 Details are given in Chapter 3, Subheading locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, 3.3.5. NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. 3 Raw data of all AAQ measurement Details are Attached as Annexure 7. for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with – min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. 4 Surface water quality of nearby River Nira River is available in study area. Details of

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited (60m upstream and downstream) surface water sample are given in Chapter 3, and other surface drains at eight Subheading 3.3.7. locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. 5 Whether the site falls near to No polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC. 6 Ground water monitoring at Details of ground water sample are given in minimum at 8 locations shall be Chapter 3, Subheading 3.3.7. included. 7 Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations Details of Noise monitoring are given in within the study area. Chapter 3, Subheading 3.3.6. 8 Soil Characteristic as per CPCB Details of surface Soil Characteristic are given guidelines. in Chapter 3, Subheading 3.3.8. 9 Traffic study of the area, type of Details of traffic study are given in Chapter 3, vehicles, frequency of vehicles for Subheading 3.3.11. transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. 10 Detailed description of flora and Details are given in Chapter 3, Subheading fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) 3.3.9. existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. 11 Socio-economic status of the study Details are given in Chapter 3, Subheading area. 3.3.10. 7 Impact and Environment Management Plan 1 Assessment of ground level Details are given in Chapter 4, Subheading concentration of pollutants from the 4.2.4 to 4.2.6. stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be well assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. 2 Water Quality modelling – in case of Not Applicable discharge in water body 3 Impact of the transport of the raw Details are given in Chapter 4, Subheading materials and end products on the 4.2.11 surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor- cum-rail transport shall be examined. 4 A note on treatment of wastewater Spent wash is the main effluent from from different plant operations, distillery. It will be Treated in MEE. MEE extent recycled and reused for evaporation condensate further will be different purposes shall be included. treated in ETP and used for process and Complete scheme of effluent generated DWGS will be sold as cattle feed. treatment. Characteristics of Zero discharge norms will be adopted. untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. 5 Details of stack emission and action Details are given in Chapter 4, Subheading plan for control of emissions to meet 4.2.4. standards. 6 Measures for fugitive emission Water sprinkling will be done on roads. control 7 Details of hazardous waste No major hazardous waste will be generated generation and their storage, from the plant. Used oil will be sold to utilization and disposal. Copies of authorized vendor. Details of waste MOU regarding utilization of solid generation are given in Chapter 4, and hazardous waste shall also be Subheading 4.2.10. included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. 8 Proper utilization of fly ash shall be Fly ash will be sold to brick Manufactures. The ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, MOU details are attached as Annexure 8. 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. 9 Action plan for the green belt Greenbelt details are given in Chapter 10, development plan in 33 % area i.e. Subheading 10.1.6. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. 10 Action plan for rainwater harvesting Details are given in Chapter 4, Subheading measures at plant site shall be 4.2.12. submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. 11 Total capital cost and recurring Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum cost/annum for environmental for environmental pollution control measures pollution control measures shall be are given in Chapter 10, Subheading 10.2.3 included. 12 Action plan for post-project Details are given in Chapter 6, Subheading environmental monitoring shall be 6.2. submitted. 13 Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural Details are given in Chapter 7. and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8 Occupational health 1 Details of existing Occupational & Details are given in Chapter 7. Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of above mentioned hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, 2 Details of exposure specific health Details are given in Chapter 7, Subheading status evaluation of worker. If the 7.8. workers’ health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of abovementioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. 3 Details of existing Occupational & Details are given Chapter 7. Safety Hazardous. What are the exposure level of hazardous and whether they are within Permissible Exposure Level (PEL). If these are not within PEL what measure the company has adopted to keep within PEL so that heath of the workers can be preserved. 4 Annual Report of health status of Details are given in Chapter 7. workers with special reference to occupational health and safety 9 Corporate Environment Policy 1 Does the company have a well laid Yes, attached as Annexure 9. down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. 2 Does the Environment Policy Yes prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. 3 What is the hierarchical system or Yes, Details are given in Chapter 10, Figure Administrative order of the company 10.2 to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. 4 Does the company have system of Yes reporting of non compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10 Details regarding infrastructure Details are given in Chapter 4, subheading facilities such as sanitation, fuel, 4.1.8 restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) 1 Adequate fund (at least 2.5% of the Detailed Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) total project cost) shall be earmarked Plan is given in Chapter 10, Subheading 10.2.4 towards Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) based on public hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development need to be elaborated upon. 12 Any litigation pending against the Not Applicable project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13 A tabular chart with index for point Complied wise compliance of above TORs. B. Specific Terms of reference for EIA studies for Distilleries

S. ToR Points Compliance of TOR Points No. 1 List of existing distillery units in the No other distillery unit within 10 km radius. study area along with their capacity and sourcing of raw material. 2 Number of working days of the 330 days distillery unit. 3 Details of raw materials such as 310 TPD Grain will be required for distillery. molasses/grains, their source with Grain will be sourced from nearby state. availability. 4 Details of the use of steam from the Details are given in Chapter 2, Subheading boiler. 2.6.4 5 Surface and Ground water quality Not Applicable around proposed spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard. 6 Plan to reduce spent wash 690 KLD spent wash will be generated, generation within 6-8 KL/KL of evaporated in MEE. ZLD adopted. alcohol produced. 7 Proposed effluent treatment system Details are given in Chapter 4. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH1-20

Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Tal. Khandala, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited for molasses/grain based distillery (spent wash, spent lees, condensate and utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD). 8 Proposed action to restrict fresh 1150 KLD water will be required for 130 KLPD water consumption within 10 KL/KL Alcohol production. of alcohol production. 9 Details about capacity of spent wash Not Applicable. holding tank, material used, design consideration. No. of peizometers to be proposed around spent wash holding tank. 10 Action plan to control ground water Zero discharge norms will be adopted. pollution. 11 Details of solid waste management Details are given in Chapter 4, Subheading including management of boiler ash, 4.2.10. yeast, etc. Details of incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal. 12 Details of bio-composting yard (if Not Applicable applicable). 13 Action plan to control odour Details are given in Chapter 2, Subheading pollution. 2.10. 14 Arrangements for installation of Online monitoring system is provided. continuous online monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device)

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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT M/s. Privilege Industries Ltd. is proposing enhancement of grain based distillery plant from 100 KLPD to 130 KLPD at same location. The unit uses only Grain as raw material and produces 100 KLPD of ENA/RS/MS/AA. As per EIA Notification dated 14thSeptember 2006, as amended from time to time; the project falls under Category “A”, Project or Activity 5(g) and therefore, requires Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC, New Delhi. 2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT The utilization of Ethyl alcohol or Ethanol, popularly known as alcohol, for industrial use is a recent phenomenon and its importance came into being towards the end of the Second World War. Alcohol has assumed very important place in the Country’s economy. It is a vital raw material for a number of chemicals and become the source of large amount of revenue for government as Excise Duty. Ethanol can be used for potable alcohol industry, chemical industry and as a bio-fuel in vehicles (direct/blended with gasoline). In India, ethanol is consumed primarily by portable alcohol industry, Oil marketing companies (for blending with petrol) and chemical industries. About 350 distillery units of 4.0 billion litres & 100 distillery units of 1.8 billion litres are molasses & grain based respectively are operating in India. Typical Indian ‘C’ heavy massecuites byproduct of Sugar industries is being used as raw material in molasses based distilleries. Potatoes, Rice, Maize, Malt, Wheat, Barley, Sugarcane & Sugarbeet are various raw materials used in grain based distilleries. 2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT & SITE LAYOUT PIL is located at Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Khandala Mandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. The geographical location of the proposed project site falls at the longitude 74°10'21.45"E and latitude 18° 3'42.24"N. The general location of the proposed project site is shown in Chapter 1, Figure - 1.1. Topo Map showing the 10km radius of the study are given in Chapter 1, Figure - 1.3. Salient features of the study area are presented in below Table - 2.1. The Project Site Layout is shown in Figure - 2.1. Photographs of the project site are shown in Figure - 2.2.

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Figure 2.1: Plant Layout

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Proposed Expansion Area

Figure 2.2 (A): Site Photographs

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Figure 2.2 (B): Site Photographs

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Table – 2.1: Salient Features of the Project Site Project Location Plot No. B-1, MIDC, Lonand, Taluka: Khandala, Dist.: Satara, Maharashtra Latitude & Longitude 18° 3'42.24"N 74°10'21.45"E 18° 3'49.98"N 74°10'29.11"E 18° 3'57.52"N 74°10'20.97"E 18° 3'48.40"N 74°10'17.11"E Nearest Town Lonand – 4.0 Km in SSE Nearest City Satara – 57.5 Km in S Nearest Railway Station Lonand Railway Station – 4.0 Km in SSE Nearest Airport Pune Airport – 62.0 Km in NNW Nearest Highway NH 48 - 0.5 Km in West Annual Climatic Max- Temperature - 46°C Conditions Min- Temperature -10°C Ecological Sensitive Areas Nil

2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION PIL is having 100 KLPD Grain based distillery and proposed to produce 130KLPD ENA/RS/MS/AA by some modification in existing process. The existing production quantities and proposed production quantities are given below: Table 2.2: Existing and Proposed Products Quantities

Existing Proposed Product After Enhancement Quantity Quantity ENA/RS/MS/AA 100 KLPD 30 KLPD 130 KLPD

2.5 RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT The raw materials required for the grain based distillery:  Grains – Broken rice, Maize, Bajra, Jowar, barley etc.  Enzymes and Chemicals  Steam  Water  Fuel  Power etc. The working days of the plant are 330 days per year. The raw material requirement per day is given in Table 2.3.

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Table 2.3: Raw Material

Description Exiting Proposed Total Grain 260 T/day 50 T/day 310 T/day Land 80710.0 m2 - 80710.0 m2 Fresh Water 1150 KLD - 1150 KLD Fuel 80 TPD 50 TPD 130 TPD

2.5.1 Source of Raw Materials Raw Material will be procured from the nearby states and local suppliers. 2.6 UTILITIES 2.6.1 Water Requirement The water requirement in the project will be for Process, cooling purpose, domestic consumption. The existing unit requires 1150 KLD of water and after enhancement water requirement will remain same. This requirement will be met from MIDC, Lonand. The details of water requirement for different purposes are presented in Table 2.4 Table 2.4: Water Requirement

Item Existing (KLD) After Enhancement (KLD) Process Water 270 270 Soft Water 550 550 DM Water 310 310 Domestic water 20 20 Total 1150 1150

Overall water consumption remain same due to higher alcohol concentration in fermented mash, operation of cooling tower on higher COC reduced considerable water saving, Hence in existing setup of 100 KLPD, the plant capacity can be enhance by 30%. The project is based on Zero Effluent Discharge Norms. 2.6.2 Land Requirement PIL has acquired 80710.0Sq.m of land in MIDC Lonand. The proposed enhancement activity will be established within the existing plant area only. The land breakup details are presented in Table 2.5.

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Table 2.5: Land Break-up Details

2.6.3 Power Requirement and Fuel Requirement The existing power requirement is 4.0 MW and no additional power will be required for proposed enhancement. The power will be sourced from the Captive Thermal Power Plant. For the Captive Thermal Power plant about 130 TPD coal is required and coal will be sourced from Local market. 2.6.4 Steam Requirement The existing steam requirement is about 27.79 TPH (667 TPD) which is fulfilled by the existing 24 + 8 TPH boiler. For proposed enhancement to 130 KLPD there is no change in steam requirement.

Sr. Description Total No. 1 Liquefaction 70 2 Fermentation 5 3 Distillation 280 4 MEE 120 5 DDGS dryer 192 Total 667 2.6.5 Man Power Requirement M/s. Privilege Industries Pvt. Ltd. is already having man power of 235 nos where 110 are direct employees and 125 Indirect employees. There will be an additional employment of 20 man power. The Project proponent has planned to contribute in socio-economic development of the area and will organize Health awareness campaigns, regular health checkup for the employees, Education Programmes etc. and will continue to do so.

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2.7 TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION 2.7.1 ENA/RS/MS/AA Production Process Proposed Distillery shall be set-up based on latest Design, Engineering and Supply technology for grains receiving and storage, grains handling and milling, slurry preparation/liquefaction, saccharification and instantaneous fermentation, Fermentation, Multi-pressure distillation, Decantation, Multi-effect evaporation, Dryer, Spirit storage, Water treatment plant and Effluent Treatment Plant so as to have the Plant compliance to Zero Discharge. Latest Technology ensures incorporation of High efficiency Design, Higher fermentation efficiency and Effective heat integration in distillation and evaporation. The Process Technology adds value to overall plant engineering by incorporating global standards for Design, on safety norms and adherence to local design codes. The distillery process runs with Continuous Fermentation. The manufacturing process is shown in Figure 2.3.

DDGS –by Sale as Cattle DWGS feed Product- 130 KLPD

Figure: 2.3 -Manufacturing Process of Grain Based Alcohol

Before the milling quality of the grain is being checked. After the quality check grain is cleaned for removal of dust, lumps, sand, stone, iron etc. and finally store in Silo. Milling: The cleaned grain is sent to milling machines for grinding grain flour (size 400- 700μ) is

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conveyed to pre-masher for slurry preparation. In pre-masher, flour & required water of ratio 1:2 are mixed by agitator. Uniform grain slurry is made and transferred to another low shear tank (slurry tank) for proper mixing. In slurry tank required pH of 6.0- 6.2 is maintained by using lime if required and temperature as 55⁰C to 60⁰C. An enzyme called α-amylase is added here in small (20-25%) dose before the cooking process starts. Cooking: The grain slurry is pumped to Jet Cooker (Hydro Heater) through open impeller centrifugal pump. In jet cooker steam is applied at 8 to 10 kg/cm2 pressure to cook the starch slurry to break down the chemical structure of starch in presence of enzymes. The temperature of grain slurry at outlet of jet cooker is maintained between 115 to 130°C. After cooking the grain slurry is passed through the holding vessel of sufficient capacity to provide desired retention time at a given flow rate to convert starch into dextrin. In this step slurry pressure & viscosity reduces. The slurry which is hot is transferred into the flash tank to reduce the temperature of the slurry to 90-95°C before sending to saccharification tank. Flash tank is attached to flash condensers where vapours are condensed and condensate is sent to slurry tank. Liquefaction: Grain slurry is transferred to liquefaction tank from flash tank where remaining 75 to 80% of enzymes of α-amylase is added which convert starch to dextrin and 1-4 α- glycosidase linkages are hydrolyzed into amylose and amylo pectin. Enzymatic activity rapidly breakdown the starch to soluble dextrins and oligosaccharides. To have good conversion of starch to dextrin retention time should be about 2 hrs. Saccharification and Fermentation: Many distilleries have Partial Pre-Saccharification tanks for saccharification process. Whereas conducting saccharification and fermentation together is another process adopted. The liquefied slurry pumped through Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) to the fermenters. The outlet temperature of grain slurry from PHE is 32 to 35°C. In fermenters saccharification & fermentation takes place simultaneously by adding glycol-amylase enzyme and yeast culture. Fermentation of starch from grain is somewhat more complex than fermentation of molasses sugars because starch must first be converted to sugar and then to ethanol. Starch is converted enzymatically to glucose either by diastase presents in sprouting grain or by fungal amylase. The resulting dextrose is fermented to ethanol with the aid of yeast producing CO2 as co-product which is recovered in Co2 plant. A second co-product of unfermented starch, fiber, protein and ash known as distillers grain (a high protein cattle feed) is also produced. Glucoamylase hydrolise dextrin into maltose. In this complete conversion of

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dextrin takes place and to reduce the viscosity further spent wash after decanter is mixed to save water. Maltose further breaks into glucose & fructose. Yeast i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae which produce invertase and zymase enzyme convert glucose & fructose into alcohol. Above both processes takes place in a fermenter. Glucose is converted into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide evolved is let out. The total duration required is 60 to 65 hours. The entire material is sent for distillation and yeast sludge in continuous process is settled at bottom is mixed with water and used for fresh batch whereas in Batch process the entire yeast sludge was let out. The pre fermenters are filled with mash and loaded with contents of the yeast vessel. The purpose of the aerated pre-fermentation is to allow time for the yeast cells to multiply (01 gram of dry yeast for 01 litre of Rectified Spirit) and reduce the chances of contamination. When the pre-fermentor contents are transferred to the main fermenters, the concentration of yeast cells is high enough to substantially the leg time associated with yeast growth in fermentation process. The overall transformation takes place into three steps:

Amylase / Gluco-amylase n(C6H10O5) + n(H2O) n(C6H12O6) n(162) n(18) n(180) Invertase C12H22O11 + H2O 6H12O6 + C6H12O6 342 18 180 180

Saccharomyces cerevisiae C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 180 92 88

The speed of this transformation process can be influenced by two elements i.e. temperature and available quantity & quality of water/Enzymes.

CO2 Scrubbing and Recovery

The CO2 produced during fermentation from Fermenter is scrubbed with water in sieve tray scrubber to recover alcohol from vent gases. The vent gases from Fermenter mainly air and carbon dioxide are also scrubbed in sieve tray scrubber for alcohol recovery. The water from both the scrubber is returned to respective Fermenters. About 1% of the total alcohol

production is saved by scrubbing the Fermenter off gases. The CO2 produced from fermenters

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after scrubbing will be recovered through the installed CO2 recovery plant to avoid air pollution. Multi-Pressure Distillation Multi-Pressure distillation scheme has distillation columns operating under different pressures. Heat energy from columns operating under high pressure is recycled back to columns operating under low pressure to conserve energy. ENA Plant Distillation Columns Wash to ENA Plant This scheme has total seven distillation columns. The columns in order of flow are: - 1. Analyzer Cum Degasifying Column – vacuum. 2. Pre-rectifier column – vacuum. 3. Pre-rectifier Stripper column – vacuum. 4. Purification Column – atmospheric pressure. 5. Rectification cum exhaust column – pressure 6. FOC (Recovery) Column – atmospheric pressure 7. Simmering Column – atmospheric pressure Fermented wash is preheated in fermented wash pre-heater. The preheated wash is fed to analyzer column, to remove light impurities, dissolved gasses etc. Vapor from this column are passed to the bottom of the pre-rectifier Column. The Spent wash from the bottom of analyzer column is sent through a PHE to heat the incoming fermented wash and taken for further treatment or recycle to Liqufication section and MEE. In Pre-rectifier column the alcohol is concentrated and in the top tray and a small impure sprit cut is taken out. RS draw is taken from few trays below the top of Pre rectifier column, which is sent to purification column. Purifier column operates on the principle of inversion of relative volatility. Low boiling impurities are separated in the purifier column & bottom is sent to rectifier cum exhaust column while the top vapor draw is fed directly to Fusel oil concentration column. The Rectifier/Exhaust column concentrates the alcohol to 96% v/v. The high-grade spirit is drawn from one of the upper trays of the rectification column and fed to the Simmering Column. Simmering Column removes methanol, di-acetyls from the top and ENA draw is taken from the bottom. A small head cut is removed from the overhead stream to withdraw impurities. Fusel oil build up is avoided in the Rectifier cum exhaust column by withdrawing outside streams

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(fusel oils). These are sent to the fusel oil concentration column where these fusel oils are concentrated and sent to decanter where these streams are diluted with water and fusel oil rich layer is separated. In this mode, rectifier column drives the analyzer and pre –rectifier column while purifier column partially meets the heat requirement of simmering column, thus achieving maximum heat integration and minimum steam consumption. Spirit Storage Spirit storage would be divided into two sections. One would be daily spirit receiver section and the other would be bulk storage section. The spirit coming out of distillation would be transferred to daily spirit receivers (separated for RS/ENA/MS/AA). Subsequently, after gauging, the spirit would be transferred to respective bulk storage tanks. 2.7.2 Co-Generation Power Plant PIL is having existing capacity of 4.0 MW of cogeneration of power based on coal at its existing premises. For enhancement no additional power is required. The cogeneration power plant is divided in three parts, namely; a. Boiler & Auxiliaries b. Turbine & Auxiliaries c. Generator &Auxiliaries Boiler & Auxiliaries Boiler: The industry installed 24 TPH + 8 TPH@45 kg/ cm² pressure capacity fluidized Bed boiler (FBC) for steam. The existing 32 TPH boilers are sufficient for additional production. FBC boiler is most suitable technology for the biomass and coal as fuel to be used. When air passes upward at low velocities through a mass of finely divided solid particles (such as ash & crushed refractory) the particles are not disturbed. As air flow is gradually increased, the particles become suspended. Further increase in the air flow gives rise to bubble formation and vigorous turbulence. The bed of solid particles has the same characteristics of the liquid and thus the bed is termed as Fluidized Bed. Combustion of fuel in this bed is termed as Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC). The boiler would be having other auxiliaries as described below; Drum : The feed input, separation of steam and water & blow down are all carried through the drum. Furnace: It is the primary part of boiler where the chemical energy available in the fuel is converted to thermal energy by combustion. It is the designed for efficient & complete combustion.

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Super Heater: These are meant for raising the steam temperature above the saturation temperature to a maximum of around 550⁰ C (due to the metallurgical problem, the percentage of heat to super heater is approx 30%). De-Super Heater : To control the super heater temperature & always try to maintain the steam temperature constant during variation of load, de-super heater is used. Draft System: The combustion process in a furnace can take place only when it receives a steady flow of air & has the combustion gases are continuously removed. Economizer: The economizer absorbs heat from the flue gas mainly as sensible heat to the feed water. By this, the efficiency of boiler is improved. Water Wall/Evaporator: Where water converted into steam by latent heat addition. Support: All modern boilers are top support units. The hanger rods are designed for the direct tensile stress resulting from the weight of units & the bending stress from the pressure part enhancement. Soot Blower: Deposits result from combustion of coal& relatively smaller extent from oil. Means have to be provided to prevent an accumulation of deposit from chocking the boiler gas passes & to maintain boiler heating surface in a suitably clean condition for effective heat transfer whilst on load. Steam is used for soot blowing. Air Heater: It is now an essential boiler auxiliary because hot air necessary for rapid & efficient combustion in the furnace & also for the coal& to recover waste heat from the flue gas to increase boiler efficiency. Primary Fluidizing Air Fan: It is used for fluidizing the bed of fuel and giving the upward thrust. Forced Draft Fan : To take air from atmosphere at ambient temperature to supply essentially the combustion air required, in addition to fluidizing air. Induced Draft Fan: To evacuate the gases out of the furnace & exhaust through the stack. The ID Fan maintains the negative draft inside the furnace. Ash Collection: The method used for removal of ash from the flue gas consists of mechanical dust collector & electrostatic precipitator. The mechanical dust collector removes the coarser particles through cyclones. The ESP consists of three field two types of electrodes. Wires which are charged at HVDC are called emitting electrodes. The collecting electrodes are in the form of plates, which are at earth potential. The dust particles in the flue gas get charged while coming in contact with the emitting electrodes. The charged particles are attracted to the earthed collecting particles and get discharged and fall down the hopper. Very high efficiency

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of ash collection upto 99.90% can be achieved in the ESP. Pneumatic ash conveying system (Dense phase) is installed for close loop handling and ash released and cpllected in ash silos. Boiler Feed Pump: It is multistage pump provided for pumping feed water from the deaerator storage tank to economizer of the boiler. Generally two pumps each of 100% capacity are provided. Deaerator: The presence of certain gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, & ammonia dissolved in water is harmful because of their corrosive action on boiler metal parts particularly at elevated temperatures. The condensate is sprayed inside the deaerator and it is heated by the extraction steam from the turbine. The airs etc are thus liberated from the condensate. The deaerated condensate thus comes to the storage tanks, from which the boiler feed pump pumps the condensate to the boiler. Turbine & Auxiliaries Turbine : The turbine shall be horizontal, single cylinder, extractor cum Condeused design coupled to a generator to generate the rated output of 4.0 MW of electricity with the steam inlet parameters as specified in this specifications. The steam turbine, gear box, main oil pump with its interconnecting piping and its supports shall be assembled and aligned on a single skid and shall be delivered. All the cabling within the skid shall be laid in the metal conduits and shall be fixed to the base frame with respective junction boxes mounted on the skid. Main component & associated system of the Turbine are described below; Casing : It is essentially a pressure vessel, which must be capable of withstanding the working pressure & temperature of the steam. The casing is supported on each end, with provision to permit enhancement at one end. The fixed blades (Orifice) are supported in the casing. Rotor : It supports the moving blade. Blades : These are the most important component of turbine as these are responsible for the converting heat energy to mechanical. Gland Sealing System : Glands are used on turbine to prevent or reduce the leakage of steam air between rotating & stationary components which have a pressure difference with the pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure then there will be a leakage of steam outward (HP sides). If the cylinder is below atmospheric pressure, then there will be leakage of air (LP side). Steam is generally used for sealing of labyrinth glands.

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LP Heater: The condensate pumped by the condensate pump is heated in the LP heater by steam extracted from the turbine after it has performed some useful work. This improves the cycle efficiency. Turbine Oil System : The high pressure hydraulic oil for turbine control, oil for bearing lubrication of turbine generator are received from the turbine shaft mounted main oil pump. Start up AC and emergency DC pumps are provided for start up and maintain bearing oil flow during turbine trip. Turbine Oil Coolers are provided to cool the bearing oil. Turbine Governing System: The main purpose of governor is to maintain speed of turbine during fluctuation of load on the generator by varying steam input to the turbine. The governing system consists of hydraulically operated Control Valves. It helps to start the turbine from rest to rated speed and synchronizing with the grid. The load on the generator can be controlled in a pre-determined manner by the control valves. Emergency stop valve is provided to shut off the steam supply to the turbine completely in abnormal & emergency situation. Generator & its Auxiliaries Generator : The generator shall be of CACW, brush less design with horizontal shaft mounted AC exciter driven by a steam turbine through reduction gearing and fitted with one PMG on the extended shaft of alternator. Supplier shall clearly specify the Excitation arrangement in case PMG is not applicable. The Generator shall be capable of delivering the maximum output obtainable from the steam turbine under any operating conditions at 0.8 power factor lag, 11 kv output with a frequency of 50 Hz. Main component & associated system of the generator are described below; Stator: The stator houses the armature winding also supports the rotor bearings. The insulation of the windings is Class “F”, but designed for temp rise for Class “B” insulation. Rotor: The generator rotor is cylindrical in construction and carries the DC field windings. The field is normally of 2 or 4 pole design. Generator Bearing: These are the pedestal type of spherical sealing to show self-alignment & are support on s separate pedestal on suffering sides & turbine side. Generator Cooling System: The heat loss in the generator windings are dissipated by air circulated by the rotor mounted fans. This heat should be taken off for safe operation of the generator. The air is in turn could be generator air coolers, located at four corners. Water is the cooling medium.

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Generator Excitation System: The DC Power supply to the field winding will be given either through a static excitation system or through shaft mounted brush-less excitation system. The control system varies the DC Current to change the terminal voltage or reactive power. Generator Protection: Generator has to be protected from faults occurring within generator stator or rotor & also from external faults/ abnormal operating condition in the grid which effected the generator. Various devise are used to detect which can give warning alarm or trip the unit automatically as required. 2.8 PLANT FACILITIES & OTHERREQUIREMENTS 2.8.1 Raw Material Receipt and Storage Yard The raw material will be received by trucks and stored in siloes. 2.9 JUSTIFICATION OF PRODUCTION ENHANCEMENT Details are given below:  The existing plant is designed for 100 Kilo Liters per (KLPD) day at 8 to 9% v/v alcohol in fermented wash.  Fermenter volumes, Distillation column diameters, Evaporation feed rate and Condensate polishing unit is designed considering above design parameters.  However recent developments in enzymes required in the process to convert starch in to sugar and sugar to alcohol by different enzyme suppliers. Following changes have taken place in operating parameters:  Majority of Grain based distilleries are now operating at 13 to 14% alcohol in fermented wash using these most efficient enzymes.  Percentage of recycle of thin slops has been increased from 25% to 35%.  The overall resultant is the plant capacity can be increased by 30% max of the total spirit capacity without addition of new equipment's or utilities like steam & water.  No change in steam, water or power consumption.  Since higher concentration of alcohol in wash , thin slops circulation can be increase from 25 to 35% in the process 2.10 DESCRIPTION of MITIGATION MEASURES Following mitigation measures have been adopted by M/s Privilege Industries Ltd to minimize the impact of project on the surrounding environment:

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S.No. Particulars Mitigation measures to be adopted

1. Air Environment  All major sources of air pollution is provided with ESP to maintain PM emissions below permissible limits (i.e. <50 mg/Nm3)  Proper maintenance of vehicles is being done regularly.  CPCB guidelines for Fugitive dust emission control is being followed.  Green belt has been developed along the plant premises as dust preventive barrier  Regular air quality monitoring is being carried out as per CPCB/MPCB norms.

2. Water Environment  The proposed expansion in the grain based distillery will continue to be based on “Zero Liquid Discharge”.  Spent wash is being treated in Multi effect evaporator (MEE). Processes Condensate is being treated and used as make-up water in cooling tower.  Spent less is being recycled to process as well as to cooling tower as make up water.  Septic tank followed by soak pit is provided.  Zero liquid discharge norms is followed. 3. Solid/Hazardous Waste  Ash from boiler will be sold to brick manufactures/dispose Environment as per MoEF&CC notification.  MEE Spent wash will be used as Cattle feed.

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4. Noise Environment  Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals is being done to reduce generation of noise.  Personal protective equipment like earplugs and earmuffs is being provided to the workers exposed to high noise level.  Green belt development (33% of the Plant area) (plantation of dense trees across the boundary) has also helped in reducing noise level in the plant as a result of attenuation of noise generated due to plant generated due to plant operations and transportation.  Acoustic enclosure for turbine and D.G. sets is used.  Regular monitoring of noise level is being carried out. 5. Odour management  The remedial measures are being taken such as better housekeeping by regular steaming of all fermentation equipment.  Temperature is being kept under control during fermentation to avoid in-activation/ killing of yeast.

 Staling of fermented wash would also be avoided. ------

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CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.0 Introduction The main objectives of describing the environment, which may be potentially affected, are (i) to assess present environmental quality and the environmental impacts and (ii) to identify environmentally significant factors. The chapter contains information on existing environmental scenario of the proposed project study area. 3.1 Study Area Various environmental parameters study has been done within 10 Km radius area of the proposed project site. The study area map is given in Chapter 1, Figure 1.3. 3.2 Study Period The Terms of Reference (ToR) was issued on 3rd July 2018. Baseline study has been conducted for the period of December 2017 to February 2018. 3.3 Components and Methodology To achieve the objectives of ToR, M/s. Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. team members visited the study area and monitored the environmental parameters as per of ToR Letter and accordance with the Guidelines for EIA, issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India. The components of the study are given below: Sr. No. Functional Area Sr. No. Functional Area 1 Land Use 7 Geology 2 Hydrogeology 8 Air Quality and Meteorology 3 Air Environment 9 Noise Environment 4 Water Environment 10 Land Environment 5 Biological Environment 11 Socio-economic Environment 6 Solid and Hazardous Waste 12 Risk Assessment

Data Collection Methodology The baseline information on micro-meteorology, ambient air quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality and floristic descriptions are largely drawn from the data generated by M/s KIWIS Eco Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (NABL and MoEFCC Accredited Lab). The FAE are also involved in selection of monitoring locations and data collection. Long term meteorological data recorded at the nearest IMD station, Pune was also collected. Micrometeorological data at site was recorded

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using automatic weather station. Apart from these, secondary data have been collected from Census Handbook, Revenue Records, Statistical Department, Soil Survey and Land use Organization, District Industries Centre, Forest Department, Central Ground Water Authority, etc. 3.3.1 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area (A) Data Used Indian Remote Sensing satellite, multi-spectral digital data has been used for the preparation of land use/ land cover map of present study. Survey of India reference map on 1:50,000 scales have been used for the preparation of base map and geometric correction of satellite data. Ground truthing has been carried out to validate the interpretation accuracy and reliability of remotely sensed data, by enabling verification of the interpreted details and by supplementing with the information, which cannot be obtained directly on satellite imagery. (B) Methodology The methodology used for the study consists of following components. Methodology Adopted for Thematic Data Extraction from the Satellite Imageries ERDAS image processing software and ARC/GIS software were used for the project. ERDAS 9.2 image processing software was used for digital processing of the spatial data. Digital image processing techniques were applied for the mapping of the land use land cover classes of the provided area from the satellite data. Methodology Used for Land use Classification and Mapping is presented in Figure 3.1.

Figure- 3.1: Methodology Used for Land use Classification and Mapping

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Results In the present study, both digital image processing and using visual interpretation technique were used to generate output of Land use cover map of study area. A land use cover map image has also been generated on the same scale (Figure 3.2). The land use pattern of the study area is given in Table 3.1. Table 3.1: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

S. Class Area (Ha) No. 1 Water Body 835.63 2 Settlement 768.56 3 Barren Land 3694.14 4 Open scrub 3407.23 5 Fallow land 7410.68 6 Agriculture Land 15290.56 Total 31406.8

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Figure 3.2: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area (10 km Radius from the Project Site)

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3.3.2 Geology The geographical area of Satara district is 10,480 km2 and is spread over 11 talukas viz. Satara, Koregaon, Jaoli, Mahabaleshwar, Wai, Khandala, Phaltan, Maan, Khatav, Patan and Karad. The recorded forest area of the district including sanctuary areas is 1570.51 sq.km that is 14.98% of the geographical area of the district. The Satara forest division however has a forest area of 1,309.18 km2 that is spread over 12 forest ranges and all 11 talukas and is 12.49 % of the geographical area. The entire area of the district is covered by basaltic lava flows of upper cretaceous of lower Eocene age. The basalt is capped by laterite of younger age which is bound in the plateau above 900 mtrs from mean sea level. Alluvium occurs in patches along banks of rivers Krishna, Yenna, Kudali and Koyana with average thickness of 10 mtrs and contains pebbles, boulders of trap and beds of sand. Rocks The Deccan trap which belongs to the type called plateau basalt is extremely uniform in composition over wide areas and is generally dark greenish-grey in colour but brownish to purple tints are also met within geological mapping. Detailed petrographic studies of the fabric pattern of the various lava flows in parts of the area have brought to light, a succession of at least 12 units, forming five different flows, between altitudes 533 mtrs and 915 mtrs above MSL. The various flows appear to be fairly thick, varying from 60 to 120 mtrs, the individual cooling units varying from 10 to 80 meters in thickness. The flows cover wide areas and few of them have been traced over a distance of over 30 km. Petro logically, the flows could be classified as (i) massive, compact and/or the grain basalt and (ii) vesicular zeolitic basalt and red bole. The term massive basalt has been applied to fine grained basalt with very few vesicles. Vesicular basalt have vesicles 4 to 5 meters in diameter, which are generally lined up with zeolite, calcite etc. The distribution and density of vesicles in the same flow may vary greatly. 'Red bole' beds are composed of ferruginous clayey substance of brick red colour. The structure of these basalt flows is simple as there is no folding or pronounced faulting in the area. The various flows may be described as horizontal although a negligible amount of tilt towards East is indicated by the difference of levels of red bole beds and a few comparable flows.

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Following salient facts, however, emerge from the comparable studies of different basalt flows in the area under reference viz. (a) broad sequences of lava eruption are manifested in the area and (b) there is an apparent decrease in the proportion of massive lava from West to East. The volcanic rocks weather differently in the high rainfall zone in Satara district where there is a thick lateritic cover than in the low rainfall area. Laterite rests on the Deccan trap at an elevation of about 900 meters capping the summits of the hills in the Western portion of the area. It has a thickness of about 30/40 mtrs and is a scoriaceous and variegated clayey rock with characteristic red and brown colour. A fairly thick formation of lithomargic clays occur in between the laterite and Deccan trap in the Western parts of Satara district.

Terrain View in Study Area Soil The soils in the Satara district belong to three main classes Viz. (a) Reddish brown soil in the hills (b) Black and (c) Light coloured soil in the plains, depending on the nature of underlying rocks. The red clayey soil in the Sahyadri hill ranges is formed from the disintegration of laterite and is thin and poor on upper hill slopes and rich on lower gentle slopes. It is greatly neutralized by a mixture of humus which adds to its fertility in dense forest areas while in open areas it is extremely poor and forms hard strata. The typical laterite soil found in the Study area. Rich black soil is also found in Wai, Jaoli, Patan and Karad tahsils especially along the banks of leading streams. In the Krishna valley it is found in the broadest belt and is said to be one of the richest in the South. Medium to deep black alluvial soil is found in the central portion of Satara district. The leading light coloured soil is in the 'malran' or 'murummal' a poor and hard rocky soil common at the bases of mere Eastern hills.

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Red Laterite Soil 3.3.3 Hydrogeology The entire district is underlying by Deccan trap basaltic lava flow of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age. The shallow alluvial formation of recent age also occurs as narrow stretch along the major rivers flowing in the district however, they have limited areal extension. Hydrogeology of the district is shown in Map. Hard rock (Deccan Trap Basalt) Deccan trap occupies about 95% of the area of the district. It occurs as basaltic lava flows which are normally horizontal and deposited over wide stretch and give rise to tabular type of topography also known as plateau. These flows occur in layered sequence ranging in thickness from 4 to 66 m. Flows are represented by massive portion at bottom and vesicular portion at top and are separated from each other by marker bole bed. Thickness of weathering varies widely in the district from 5 m to 20 m bgl. The weathered and fractured flows occurring in topographic lows form the main aquifer in the district. The ground water occurs under phreatic, semi – confined and confined conditions. Generally, the shallower zones down to depth of 20 m bgl form phreatic aquifer. The water bearing zones occurring between the depth of 20 m and 40 m are weathered interflow of shear zones and have water under semi-confined condition. Deep confined aquifers occur below the depth of 40m. The vesicular thickness of different lava flows varies from 8 to 10 m and forms the potential aquifer zones. However, the nature and density of vesicles their distribution, interconnection, depth of weathering and topography of the area are decisive factor for occurrence and movement of ground water in vesicular unit. The massive portion of basaltic lava flows are devoid of water but when it is weathered , fractured, jointed or contain weaker zones, ground water occur in it. In winter season the yield of dug wells varies between 10 to 190 m3/day where as in summer it varies between 5 to 20 m3/day. The discharge of aquifer tapping shallow and deeper aquifer ranges from traces to 15 lps as observed from exploration studies.

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Soft Rock (Alluvium) Soft rock occurs as narrow stretches along banks and flood plains of major river like Nira, Man, Krishna and Yerala and their tributaries in the soft rock or alluvium, the course grained detrital like sand and gravel usually occurring as lenses forms good aquifer, however they have limited areal extension. The groundwater occurs in phreatic aquifer under water table conditions in flood plain alluvium deposits near the river banks.

Sources: Government of India Ministry of Water Resources Central Ground Water Board Report

3.3.4 Air Quality & Meteorology Climate The climate of the area is characterized by a hot and dry summer from March to May, a southwest monsoon or rainy season from June to September, a pleasant post-monsoon or retreating monsoon from October to November and a cool winter from December to February. Therefore, climatologically, four seasons viz. summer (pre-monsoon), monsoon, post-monsoon and winter could be deciphered comprising the following months:  Summer : March, April, May  Monsoon : June, July, August, and September  Post-monsoon : October, November

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 Winter : December, January, and February Air Pollutants upon discharge to atmosphere pass through a number of mechanisms, which include diffusion and transportation leading to dispersion. These mechanisms are governed by the local atmospheric conditions. All these result in the necessity to collect the meteorological parameters like ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and other weather conditions (relative humidity, atmospheric pressure etc.), which will be ultimately used for the prediction of the ground level concentrations of the air pollutants through mathematical modeling. For this purpose a temporary auto weather station was installed to record micro meteorological data on wind speed, wind direction, Ambient Temperature, Solar Insulation and Relative Humidity on hourly basis. The primary data from the site was matched with secondary data of IMD station, Pune for data proofing. A sophisticated on-site meteorological observatory was established near project site and operated continuously for three months’ period (December 2017 to February 2018). The observatory was located about 10 m above the ground level and ensured to be free from any obstruction to wind. Besides, this location was found to be most suitable one being close to the project site. The Wind rose diagram for the entire period is shown in Figures 3.3 (A) and 3.3 (B). The IMD and site specific meteorological data is given in Table 3.2 (A) and Table 3.2 (B). Table 3.2 (A): Meteorological Data (Monthly Average)– IMD Pune

Month Temperature (0C) Humidity (%) Rain Fall (mm) Min. Max. 8.30 17.30 January 7.1 32.6 31 74 0.0 February 8.2 35.9 23 61 0.5 March 11.7 38.9 21 50 5.3 April 16.3 41.1 26 48 16.6 May 18.9 40.8 38 58 40.6 June 20.8 36.9 62 75 116.1 July 20.7 31.8 76 84 187.2 August 19.8 30.2 78 86 122.3 September 18.2 32.8 71 83 120.1 October 13.8 34.1 51 76 77.9 November 10.0 32.8 42 72 30.2 December 8.0 31.9 37 74 4.8 Total 721.7

Temperature Summers are extremely hot in the area where the temperature goes up to 37.5OC in the month

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of May. In winter the temperature goes down to 14.5 OC in the month of December. December and January are the coldest months when the minimum average temperature in summer goes to around Max.37.5oC & Min.26oC and in winter goes to Max.29.8o& Min 14.5oC. Relative Humidity The relative humidity varies from season to season. The average lowest relative humidity at 8.30 hr and 17.30 are observed around 21% and 48% in the summer season. The average highest relative humidity at 8.30 hr and 17.30 hr are observed around 78% and 86 % in the monsoon season. Rainfall The south-west monsoon generally arrives in the first week of July and continues up to the end of August. 70% of the rainfall occurs during this period. The average rainfall of the district is 721.7 millimeters. The rainfall in the district is greater in the sub mountain parts of the district and decreases rapidly towards the southwest. Table 3.2 (B): Meteorological Data – Site Specific Data

Month Temperature (0C) Humidity (%) Rain Fall (mm) Min. Max. Min. Max. December -17 8.9 32.1 21.1 59.9 4.8 January -18 10.4 32.7 21.7 76.1 15.1 February -18 11.7 33.5 23.4 74.4 6.8 Total 26.7 Temperature The temperature goes down to 8.9 OC in the month of December. December is the coldest months and Maximum Temperature was observed 33.5oC in the month ofFebuary. Relative Humidity The Humidity goes down to 21.1% in the month of December and Minimum was observed 76.1 in the month of January. Rainfall The average rainfall of the district is 26.7 millimeters. The rainfall in the district is greater in the sub mountain parts of the district and decreases rapidly towards the southwest. Wind Pattern Wind pattern reveals that predominant direction of wind is mostly from N, NE and NW.

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December January

February

Figure 3.3 (A): Windrose Diagram (IMD Pune)

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Figure 3.3 (B): Windrose Diagram (Site Specific)

3.3.5 Air Environment An assessment of the existing air quality is required to establish the reference level. To accomplish this, Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) Stations were set up within 10 km radius of ongoing mining area. Data over baseline status of ambient air quality was generated with following objectives:  Qualitative analysis of air environment of the area.  Representation of regional back ground levels  Influence of existing sources of pollution The major contributors/sources of air pollution in the area are:  Vehicular traffic  Windblown Dust  Industries Ambient Air Quality The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 8 locations. The location and descriptions of AAQM stations is shown in Table 3.3 & Figure 3.4. The parameters monitored during the

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study period were PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and CO. The results of AAQM are depicted in the Table 3.4. Details are attached as Annexure 7. Table 3.3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Code Name Distance From Project Site Direction Coordinates (km) w.r.t. Project Site A1 Project Site ------18° 3'42.24"N 74°10'21.45"E A2 Padegaon Village 5.0 NE 18° 4'32.18"N 74°12'48.99"E A3 Andori Village 5.0 NW 18° 5'16.54"N 18° 5'16.54"N A4 KhedBhudruk 4.5 WSW 18° 2'7.92"N 74° 8'9.57"E A5 Nimbodi Village 8.0 SW 18° 0'26.01"N 74° 9'3.98"E A6 Tambave Village 8.5 S 17°59'22.28"N 74°10'0.16"E A7 Chamarwadi 6.5 SE 17°59'35.72"N Village 74°11'48.80"E A8 Lonand 1.5 SE 18° 2'11.95"N 74°11'5.43"E

Table 3.4 (A): Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Table 3.4 (B): Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Name of Village (s) SO2 CO (µg/m3) (mg/m3) Max. Min. 98th % Max. Min. 98th % Project Site 18.3 12.2 18.2 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Padegaon Village 19.9 12.4 19.3 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Andori Village 17.9 12.4 17.7 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 KhedBhudruk 20.0 16.3 20.0 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Nimbodi Village 17.9 12.5 17.7 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tambave Village 17.8 10.3 17.6 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50

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Chamarwadi Village 17.5 10.1 17.0 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Lonand 17.5 10.5 17.5 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Standards 80 4 Conclusion PM10 The maximum and minimum valves for PM10 were found in the range of 50.2 µg/m3 and81.3µg/m3. PM2.5 The maximum and minimum valves for PM2.5 were found in the range of 22.8 µg/m3 and 42.3 µg/m3.

SO2

3 The maximum and minimum valves for SO2 were found in the range of 10.1 µg/m and 20.0 µg/m3. NOx The maximum and minimum valves for NOx were found in the range of 18.0 µg/m3 and 30.4 µg/m3.

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Figure 3.4: Ambinent Air Quality Monitoring Locations

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3.3.6 Noise Level Noise survey has been conducted in the study area covering residential transportation commercial and calm zones. The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise level, which is needed for assessing impact of total noise which is expected to be generated in the proposed project activities. Noise is measured in terms of loudness of the sound. Sound is a form of energy that propagates through an elastic medium at a speed that is determined by the properties of that medium. Since loudness of sound is important to the effects of noise on people, dependence of loudness upon frequency must be taken into account in environmental noise assessments. Several methods have been developed by researchers using the frequency spectrum of sound arrive at the loudness index or the given sound. For measuring the intensity of the sound “Sound level meter” is used which gives intensity of sound in terms of dB (A). The basic step associated with impact assessment on the noise components of the environment involves identification and evaluation of the present noise status on the general population. Therefore noise level measurement was carried out at each ambient air quality station and also at site. The objectives of Noise environment studies are:  To assess the ambient noise level in the study area.  To characterize the noise pollution area.  To predict the temporal changes in the ambient noise level of the area. Noise pollution in the study area is associated with the Industrial activities, Vehicular traffic. To judge the ambient noise level of the area, noise levels were recorded at 8 locations in dB (A). The details of location are given in Table 3.5 and Figure 3.5. Noise level monitoring near to equipments/machines used at Plant site, was also carried out in dB (A) scale. Table 3.5: Noise Quality Monitoring Stations Code Name Distance from project site Direction w.r.t. Project (km) site N1 Project Site --- Center N2 Padegaon Village 5.0 NE N3 Andori Village 5.0 NW N4 KhedBhudruk 4.5 WSW N5 Nimbodi Village 8.0 SW N6 Tambave Village 8.5 S N7 Chamarwadi Village 6.5 SE N8 Lonand 1.5 SE

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The ambient noise Monitoring results are given in Table 3.6. Table 3.6: Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results

Conclusion The day noise quality values were found in the range of 69.3 dB (A) and 53.5 dB (A). the night time values were found in the range of 60.3 dB (A) and 42.9 dB (A).

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Figure 3.5: Noise Monitoring Locations

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3.3.7 Water Environment Water is one of the vital, prominent resources for all living things on earth. The practice of inadequate access to clean drinking water and lacking of good and consistent sanitation facilities is the impetus for the most significant environmental problem and threat to public health in both rural and urban India. Almost all the surface water sources are contaminated to some extent by organic pollutants and bacterial contamination and make them unfit for human consumption unless disinfected. Data on baseline condition of water environment of the study area was collected with following objectives:  Qualitative assessment of water sources of the area.  To judge the temporal changes in water quality of different sources.  To predict the impact of Power Plant over water environment of the area. To judge the water environment of the area, both the sources of water (surface/ground) were given due consideration. Water samples were collected and analysed for various parameters. Based on the analysis of different parameters, results were checked up against the limits set up to statuary authorities. Reconnaissance survey of the area was made for the selection of sampling location for surface and ground water analysis. Stations were selected keeping the objectives in mind, details of study is presented below: 3.3.7.1 Surface Water There is Nira river in the study area. The sampling locations were selected at 2 different stations of river. Samples were collected and analyzed as per standard methods and frequency of sampling was thrice /station. The details of the monitoring locations of surface water and ground water are presented in Table 3.6, Table 3.7 and Figure 3.8 respectively. The analysis results of the surface water and ground water collected from sampling stations are presented in the Table-3.8 and Table 3.9 respectively. Table 3.7 : Surface Water Quality Monitoring Stations Code Name Distance From Project Direction w.r.t. Site (Km) Project Site SW1 Nira River (Upstream) 8.5 NW SW2 Nira River (Downstream) 9.0 NE

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Table 3.8: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Stations Code Name Distance From Direction w.r.t. Project Project Site (km) Site GW1 Project Site --- Center GW2 Padegaon Village 5.0 NE GW3 Andori Village 5.0 NW GW4 KhedBhudruk 4.5 WSW GW5 Nimbodi Village 8.0 SW GW6 Tambave Village 8.5 S GW7 Chamarwadi Village 6.5 SE GW8 Lonand 1.5 SE

Table 3.9: Surface Water Analysis Report of River Water S. Parameter Acceptable Limits Permissible Units No. as per IS: 10500 Limits as per SW1 SW2 (2012) IS: 10500 (2012) 1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 No relaxation - 8.4 8.24 2 Color 5 15 Hazen <5 <5 3 Conductivity (250C) NS NS S/cm 321 452.0 4 Dissolved Oxygen NS NS mg/l 6.8 4.6 5 BOD ( 5 days at 20oC) NS NS mg/l 7.3 6.1 6 Total Dissolved Solids 500 2000 mg/l 296.4 302.8 7 Total Hardness 200 600 mg/l 126 238.0 8 Chloride as Cl- 250 2000 mg/l 64.6 96.2 9 Fluorides as F2+ 1.0 1.5 mg/l 0.26 0.31 2- 10 Sulphate as SO4 200 400 mg/l 27.8 37.61 11 Alkalinity 200 600 mg/l 101.7 180.3 - 12 Nitrates as NO3 45 No relaxation mg/l 0.26 0.51 13 Cyanides as CN 0.05 No relaxation mg/l <0.01 <0.01 14 Calcium as Ca2+ 75 200 mg/l 21.2 64.7 15 Magnesium as Mg2+ 30 100 mg/l 17.8 18.62 16 Sodium as Na+ NS NS mg/l 42.1 54.92 17 Potassium as K+ NS NS mg/l 3.12 6.8 18 Iron as Fe2+ 0.3 No relaxation mg/l 0.12 0.26 19 Chromium as Cr6+ 0.05 No relaxation mg/l <0.01 <0.01 20 Cadmium as Cd+2 0.003 No relaxation mg/l <0.001 <0.001 21 Lead as Pb2+ 0.01 No relaxation mg/l <0.01 <0.01 22 Copper as Cu+ 0.05 1.5 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 23 Arsenic as As3+ 0.01 No relaxation mg/l <0.001 <0.001 24 Selenium as Se2- 0.01 No relaxation mg/l <0.01 <0.01

25 Phenolics as C6H5OH 0.001 0.002 mg/l <0.001 <0.001 26 Zinc as Zn2+ 5 15 mg/l <0.5 <0.5 27 Mercury as Hg2+ 0.001 No relaxation mg/l <0.001 <0.001 28 Aluminum as Al3+ 0.03 0.2 mg/l <0.03 <0.03 29 Oil and grease 0.5 No relaxation mg/l <1.0 <1.0 30 Total Coliform Shall not be Shall not be MPN/ 1200 22.0 detectable in any detectable in 100 ml 100 ml Sample any 100 ml Sample

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31 Fecal Coliform Shall not be Shall not be MPN/ 220 6.0 detectable in any detectable in 100 ml 100 ml Sample any 100 ml Sample

Surface Water pH is observed in the range of 7.89 to 8.24 and conductivity varied from 396 to 820 mhos/cm. Chloride and Sulphate were observed to be in the range of 49.98-102.47mg/l and from 22.11- 42.60mg/l respectively. The heavy metal contents are found to be negligible. Water quality is excellent but it is not potable due to presence of coliform. It can be used for drinking purpose after installing bacteriological treatment devices at individual or at community level. Ground Water Sampling was carried out at 8 locations during the study period. Sampling and analysis was carried out, as per standard methods and frequency of the sampling was thrice/stations. The result of the analysis of Ground water is presented in Table 3.10 and the summary of the results are presented below: pH in ground water sample was observed to be in the range 6.98 to 8.03 while conductivity was observed in the range of 652- 1157S/cm. The value of alkalinity and hardness were observed in the range of 132 – 160 mg/l and 158 to 170 mg/l respectively. Whereas heavy metals were found to be within the limit. Table 3.10: Ground Water Analysis Report

S. Parameter Desirable Permissible Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 No. Limits Limits

1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 No Relaxation - 8.02 7.64 7.32 7.27 7.30 6.97 7.01 7.41 2 Color 5 25 Hazen <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 3 Taste - Agreeable Agreea Agreeab Agreeab Agreeab Agreeab Agreeab Agreea Agreeable Agreeable ble le le le le le ble 4 Odor - Agreeable Agreea Agreeab Agreeab Agreeab Agreeab Agreeab Agreea Agreeable Agreeable ble le le le le le ble 5 Conductivity NS NS S/cm 951 1015 1321 780 651.0 1148.0 751.0 755.0 (250C) 6 Turbidity 1 5 NTU 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 7 Total Dissolve 500 2000 mg/l 621.5 674.0 853.5 496.5 425.0 742.0 466.5 514.0 solids 8 Total Hardness 200 600 mg/l 341 362 408 323 351.0 338.0 279.0 310.0

as CaCO3 9 Total Alkalinity 200 600 mg/l 200 220 240 180 230.0 210.0 140.0 160.0 10 Calcium as Ca2+ 75 200 mg/l 80.16 84.17 104.21 80.16 110.22 80.16 70.14 80.16 11 Magnesium as 30 100 mg/l 34.02 36.45 32.81 29.16 18.22 34.02 25.52 24.3 Mg2+ 12 Residual 0.2 1 mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Chlorine 13 Boron 0.5 1 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 14 Chloride as Cl- 250 1000 mg/l 79.97 84.97 109.96 69.97 59.98 149.95 99.97 89.97 15 Sulphates as 200 400 mg/l 24.26 28.13 34.51 22.7 15.88 27.91 25.17 11.73 2- SO4 16 Fluorides as F2+ 1.0 1.5 mg/l 0.54 0.47 0.61 0.58 0.11 0.14 0.20 0.21 - 17 Nitrates as NO3 45 No Relaxation mg/l 1.52 2.26 3.14 1.18 1.51 4.21 3.12 1.03

18 Sodium as Na+ NS NS mg/l 41.73 53.28 80.82 46.89 32.14 78.24 40.12 44.56

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S. Parameter Desirable Permissible Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 No. Limits Limits 19 Potassium as K+ NS NS mg/l 3.72 4.12 4.48 3.08 2.81 3.27 2.61 1.33

20 Phenolic 0.001 0.002 mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Compounds

as C6H5OH 21 Cyanides 0.05 No Relaxation mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 22 Anionic 0.2 1.0 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Detergents

23 Mineral Oil 0.5 No Relaxation mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium as 0.003 No Relaxation mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Cd2+ 25 Arsenic as As3+ 0.01 No Relaxation mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26 Copper as Cu+ 0.05 1.5 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Lead as Pb2+ 0.01 No Relaxation mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Manganese as 0.1 0.3 mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Mn2+ 29 Iron as Fe2+ 0.3 1.0 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 30 Chromium as 0.05 No Relaxation mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Cr6+ 31 Zinc as Zn2+ 5 15 mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 32 Aluminum as 0.03 0.2 mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Al3+ 33 Mercury as Hg2+ 0.001 No Relaxation mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 34 Total Coliform Shall not be Shall not be MPN/ 12.0 10.0 8.0 10.0 <2.0 12 <2.0 10 detectable in detectable in 100 ml any 100 ml any 100 ml Sample Sample

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Figure 3.6: Water Quality Monitoring Stations

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3.3.8 Land Environment (Soil Quality) Baseline data over soil environment of the study area was generated during the study period with following objectives:  To judge the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil.  To analysis the impact of industry over soil environment.  To judge the agricultural productivity of soil. To study of soil characteristics of the region, eight locations were selected in the study area. Locations were selected, keeping in mind that study should reflect the characteristics of the area as a whole. The samples were analysed as per standard methods and frequency of the sampling was thrice/ station. The location of soil sampling is presented in Table: 3.11 and Figure 3.7. Table 3.11: Details of Soil Sampling Locations Code Name Distance from Direction w.r.t. Project site (km) Project site S1 Project Site --- Center S2 Padegaon Village 5.0 NE S3 Andori Village 5.0 NW S4 KhedBhudruk 4.5 WSW S5 Nimbodi Village 8.0 SW S6 Tambave Village 8.5 S S7 Chamarwadi Village 6.5 SE S8 Lonand 1.5 SE

The analysis results of soil sampled during the study period are presented in Table 3.12.

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Figure 3.7: Soil Quality Monitoring Stations

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Table 3.12: Soil Analysis Report Sr. S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Parameter No. 1 Texture A Sand (%) 36 37 40 38 43 30 36 34 B Silt (%) 49 50 45 50 47 55 51 50 C Clay (%) 15 13 15 12 14 15 13 16 2 pH 7.94 8.01 8.24 8.36 7.93 6.40 8.97 8.21 3 EC (µs/cm) 181.4 165.3 48.2 161.6 120.4 98.6 68.1 140.2 4 Bulk Density (g/cc) 1.23 1.36 1.29 1.32 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.24 5 SAR 0.43 0.52 0.87 1.05 0.98 1.29 1.04 0.96 Available Nitrogen 6 60.4 52.4 46.2 54.8 59.3 62.9 64.8 59.1 (kg/ha) Available P as PO 7 4 8.0 6.3 5.1 7.8 18.2 8.5 13.6 18.0 (kg/ha) 8 Available K (kg/ha) 169.0 124 103 130 164 178 135 166 Exchangeable Ca 9 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.9 (meq/100gr) Exchangeable Mg 10 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.17 2.99 2.69 3.09 (meq/100gr) Exchangeable Na 11 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.1 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.08 (meq/100gr) 12 Organic Carbon (%) 0.86 0.92 0.94 1.02 0.93 1.12 1.08 0.89 13 Manganese < 2.0 < 2.0 < 2.0 < 2.0 < 2.0 < 2.0 < 2.0 < 2.0 (meq/100gr) 14 Zinc (meq/100gr) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 15 Boron (meq/100gr) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Conclusion Sampling was carried out at 8 locations during the study period. The result of the analysis of soil is presented in Table 3.12 and the summary of the results are presented below: pH in soil sample was observed in the range 6.40 to 8.97 while bulk density was observed in the range of 1.16 -1.36 g/cc. 3.3.9 Biological Environment The changes in ecology system are inevitable, consequences of development process. The denudation of forests due to increasing population, urbanization industrialization has accelerated the process of environmental degradation in the district. Therefore preservation of the ecology is one of the most important goals of the planning. Baseline data over biological environment of the study area was collected/ generated during the study period with following objectives:  To study the existing condition of aquatic/ terrestrial flora and fauna.  To predict/estimate the effect of Plant along over the biological environment.  Study was carried out for aquatic/terrestrial flora and fauna, detail of which is as under:

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Flora Flora of any region may be termed as the lungs of the region or area. Besides its ecological and economic values, it also helps to control pollution in air and water. It works as curtain to check air pollution and noise. The flora of the area is composed of a large number of common species. The species are listed in Table 3.13. Table 3.13: Details of Flora around the Study Area Local Vernacular Scientific Name Local Vernacular Name Scientific Name Name TREES SHRUBS Ain Terminaliacrenulata. Duranta Durantaplumerii. Akas-Nimb Millingtoniahortensis. Erand Ricinuscommunis. Al or Bartondi Morindatinctoria. Ghagri Crotalariaretusa. Alu Vengueriaspinosa. Ghaneri, Tanatani Lantanacamara. Amba Mangiferaindica. Ghatbor Zizyphusxylopyra. Amberi Nothopegiacolebrookiana. Ghaypat Agavesisalana. Ambgool, Narali Elceagnuslatijolia. Harki Rauwolfiaserpentina. Anjani Memecylonedule. Hasoli, Asolin, Shirul Grewiamicrocos. Apta Bauhiniarecemosa. Henkal Gymnosporiamontana. Arjun- Terminaliaarjuna. Huli, Gowari Hibiscusfurcatus. SadadaDhavada Asana, Katak Brideliaretusa. Ingali Gymnosporiaemarginata. Avala Phyllanthusembilica. Jephali Jatrophacurcas. Loranthuslongiflorus Babul Acaciaarabica. Kanguli, Bandgul (onteak,ainambaandKumbhi) L.cunearus (onKinjal). Bahawa Cassia fistula. Kanheri Neriumodorum. Behada, Vehola, Terminaliabelerica. Kanphulia, Bisur Callicarpalanata. Hela Bel Aeglemarmelos. Kankuti Flemingiastrobilifera. Bhamini Colebrookiaoppositifolia. Kare Weberacorymbosa. Bhendi Thespesiapolulnea. Karhi-Nimb Murrayakoenigii. Bhokar Cordiamyxa. Kari, Bhandire Clerodendroninfortunatum. Bhoma Glochvdionlanceolarium. Karwand Carissacarendas. Bhutkes Mussaendafrondosa. Karvi Strobilanthescallosus. Bhutya Elaeodendronglaucum. Kate-ringani Solanumxanthocarpum. Biba Semecarpusanacardium. Kaundal Trichosanthespalmata. Bibi Holigarnaarnottiana. Kavli Phyllanthusreticulatus. Bibla, Asan Pterocarpusmarsupium. Kevani Helicteresisora. Bocha Salixichnostachya. Kusari Jasminumarboresoens. Bondara, Lendi Lagerstroemiaparviflora. LalChameli Quisqualisindica. Bor Zizyphusjujuba. Lajalu Mimosapudica. Chandan Santalumalbum. Madzhing Dolichondronlfalcata. Chandida Macarangaroxburghii. Mahalunga Citrusmedica. Chapha Micheliachampaca. Mondie Lawsoniaalba. Char, Charoli Buchananialatifolia. Morbel Clematistriloba. Chera Erincarpusnimmoanus. Moriel Clematisgouriana.

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Chinch Tamarindusindica. Nagphani Opuntiadilleni. Dahiwan Cordiamacleodii. Nakchikni Maravelliazeylanica. Kumbhi Careyaarborea. Neptad Capparisaphylla. KumkumShendri Mallotusphilippinensis. Nigdi Vitextrifolia. Krpa Hemigyrosacanescens. Nil Indigoferatinctoria. Kurwat Ficushispida. Nivdung Euphorbianeriifolia. Kurkuti Connaruswightii. Nivdung Euphorbiaantiquorum. Lodhra, Lodhya, Symplocosbeddomei. Pandhari Murrayaexotica. Hura Lokhandi Ixoraparviflora. Pandharphali Flueggiamicrocarpa. Maharukh Ailanthusexcelsa. Pitkuli Eugeniazeylanica. Moha Rassialatifolia. PitkuliPendgul Ixoracoccinea. Moina, Shemat Lanneagrandis. PiluKatri Salvadoraoleocides. Mana Legerstraemialanceolata. Pithori GymnosporiaKonkanensis. Nandruk Ficusretuse. Phulati Acacialatronum. Neem Azadirachtaindica. Rametha Lasiosiphoneriocephalus. Nimbara Maliadubia. Rui Catstropiagigantea. Padali Stereospermumchalonoides. BAMBOO Palas Bhuteajrondosa. Chiva, Tokar, Modar, Mace. Dendrocalamusstrictus. Pangara Erythrinaindica. Konda Oxytenantherastocksii. Pajarabhul Oleadioica. Ranchiva Oxytenantheramonostigma. Parvi Wendlandianotoniana. Velu, Kalak, Padhai Bambusaarundinacea. Petari Trewianudiflora. GRASSES Phanas Artocarpusintegrifolia. Bhongrat Anthistiriaciliata. Phansi Caralliaintegerrima. Bhalekusal Andropogontricticeus. Pimpal Ficusreligiosa. Buld grass Cyperusbulbosus. Pimpar Ficusarnottiana. Chirka Eragrestistremula. Pimpri Ficustsiela. Chanya marvel Andropogonpertusus. Putranjiva Putranjivaroxburghii. Condal Andropogonpermilis. Ranbhendi Thespesialampas. Harali Cynodondactylon. Ranaphanas Artocarpushirsuta. Kunda Ischaemumpilosum. Ratamba, Carvciniaindica. Kusali Andropogoncontortus. Kokam Ritha Sapindusemarginata. Marvel Andropogonannulatus. Sag, Teak Tectonagrandis. Hut grass Cyperusrotundus. Satwin Alstoniaschloris. Pandharikusal Aristidapaniculata. SawarSewar Bombaxmalabaricum. Pavnya Ischoenumsulcatum. Sawar Bombaxinsigne. Phuli Apludavaria. Shindi Phcenixsylvestris. Rosha Andropogonschoenanihus. Shiras Albizzialebbek. Shenda Ischcenurnlaxum. Shiras, Kala Albizziaodoratissima. Shimpi Panicumisachne. Shissam Dalbergialatijolia. Wavashi Saccharumprocerum

Shivan Gmelinaarborea. Sitaphal Anonasquamosa. Surangi, Undin Calophylluminophyllum. Surangi Ochrocarpuslongifolius. Tad Borassusflabellifer. Tamalpatra Cinnamomumtamala.

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Tembhurni (Diosprosmelanoxylon). Oroxylumindicum. Tetu Zeanthoxylumrhetsa. Triphal (Amla, Harad/Haritaki, Emblica Officinalis,TerminaliaChebula, Terminalia Bellirica Baheda/Vibhitaka) Tiwas Ougeniadalbergioides. Tugal, Lallai Albizziaamara. Um, Hoom Polyalthisucerasoides. Umber Ficusglmoerata. Wad Ficusbengalensis. Warang Kydiacalycina. Waras Heterophragmaroxburghii. Wavla Holopteliaintegrifolia. Wumb Hepheliumlongana. Fauna Fauna in the study area was identified during the survey and collected from secondary sources. This list of common species found in the study area is presented in Table 3.14. Table no. 3.14 (A): For Various Species of Fauna in the Study Area Zoological name English name Local name Macacamulatta Monkey Bandar Feliscatus Wild cat Jungalibilli Canisaureus Jackal Gidar Herpestes Common Mongoose Newla Funambuluspennati Squirrel Gilhree Rattusrattus Common house rat Chuha Lapusnigricollis Rabbit Kharagosh Cunopterus sphinx Bat Chamgadar Vulpusbengalensis Indian fox Lomdi

Table No. 3.14 (B): For Various Bird Species in Study Area Zoological Name English Name Local Name Dinipiumbenghalense Woodpeaker Kathfoda Francolinuspondicerianus Grey partridge Titar Coturnixcoturnix Common quail Bater Pavocristatus Pea fowl Mor Gyps bengalensis Bengal vulture Giddh Columbia livia Blue rock pigeon Kabutar Flanuscaeruleus Black kite Cheel Erithacussvecicus Blue throatal Neelkanth Corvussplendens House crow Kauwa Corvusmacrorhynchos Jungle crow ---- Psittaculacrameri Parrot Tota Eudynamysscolopacea Koel Koyal Otusscops Owl Ullu Acridotheres Sparrow House sparrow Hemidactylis species Wall Lizard Chipakli Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH3-29

Calots Versicular Garden lizard Girgit Domestic Animals Animal husbandry plays an important role in rural economy and its contribution for the economic up liftment of the rural area is now considered as important as agriculture. Owing to the availability of green fodder throughout the year, the environment of the area is congenial for domestication of animals. The farmers of the area keep live stock for satisfying their daily requirement. In the study area the animal population comprises of Cows, Buffaloes, Goats, Horses and Pigs. The poultry population largely comprises of Cocks & Hens etc. 3.3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Major developmental activities in industrial sector are required for economic development as well as creation of employment opportunities (direct/ indirect) and to meet the basic/modern needs of the society, which ultimately results in overall improvement of quality of life through economical, health, education nutrition status in project region, state as well as the country. The proposed project is also expected to generate/discharge different types of pollutants in the surrounding environment. They may cause natural resource degradation, ecological and human health risks, unless the development is planned properly and implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner through implementation of pollution prevention, mitigation and control measures. In this manner all developmental projects have direct as well as indirect relationship with socioeconomic aspect, which also include public acceptability for new developmental projects. Thus, the study of socio-economic component incorporating various facets related to prevailing social and cultural conditions and economic status of the project region is an important part of EIA study. The study of socio-economic component incorporating various facts related to socio-economic condition in the area is an integral part of EIA process. This includes demographic structure, population dynamics, infrastructure resources, health status of the community and economic attributes refers to employment, industrial development and sustainability of the project in view of financial terms. The details of information on demographic structure of the villages the study area are presented. Reconnaissance EIA Studies for Enhancement of M/s. Privilege Industries Ltd is proposing to expand the existing 100 KLPD production 130 KLPD at existing premises at Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C Lonand, Khandala Taluka, Satara District, Maharastra. India is one of the major alcohol producing countries. Production of alcohol has gone up from a meager 100 million litres in the fifties to the current

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level of more than 600 million litres. The Russia, USA, Brazil, India, the UK, Japan and West Germany, are the leading alcohol producing countries. India, has been exporting alcohol in substantial quantities. According to a survey conducted by a UK-based trade magazine on liquor, three Indian brands figured in the "Top 25 Fastest Growing Brands in the world in 1994". The information provided in the following section has been primarily derived from secondary sources, covering various socio-economic attributes), secondary sources Census of Maharashtra, and District websites. Baseline Status Demographic Structure The demographic structure of the study area was derived Secondary data from Census record of Satara district and two talukas. The Demographic structures of each village in the study area as per Census 2011 are presented in Table 3.15. Summary of demographic structure is presented in Table 3.15. Table No.3.15: Summary of Demographic Structure in Study Area District Details 10 km Radius Area S.No. Demographic Parameters No.s & % Details 1 States Maharashtra 2 District Satara 1)Khandala 3 No. of Taluka 11 2) Phaltan 4 No. of Total Villages 216 30 5 Total No. of Households 6,53,735 15,873 6 Total Population 1506843 60807 Sex ratio 7 Male 15,10,842(50%) 38,126 (51%) Female 14, 92,899(50%) 36656(49%) 8 Scheduled castes 3,23,236(10.76%) 8,072(10.79%) 9 Scheduled Tribes 29,635(0.98%) 1,085(1.45%) 10 Literate 9,17,709(74.09%) 56,195 (75.15%) 11 Main Worker 13,54,947(87.41%) 31,493(91.89%) 12 Marginal Worker 1,70,540(12.58%) 5,184(8.11%) 13 Non Worker 9,82,757(58.15%) 2,78,26(54.50%) Source: Primary Census Abstract– 2011 Satara District, Maharashtra

The salient features of Demographic Structure are as follows:  The study area covers one district Satara in Maharashtra State, two Talukas. Total 30 villages are in 10 km study area.

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 Total Households are in study area 15,873.  Total population in the study region (Census 2011) is worked out as 74,782 out of which 38,126 are male and 36,656 female.  Out of the total population, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe are 8,072 and 1,085 respectively. The graph of population details is presented below.

Figure 3.8: Population Graph  The literacy rate of the total population is worked out to 56,195 (75.15%). Male literacy 30,342 (53.99%), and female literacy is 15607 (46.00%)  The Illiteracy rate of the total population is worked out to 23969 (39.42%). Male literacy 9806 (40.91%), and female literacy is 25853 (59.09%)  The majority pattern of the agricultural workers and cultivator worker 13,889 and is 7,081. There are 742 and 9,701as other worker and household worker: Infrastructure Resources  District Satara District is under the developmental process. The infrastructure resources in the study area with reference to education, medical facility, water supply, post and telegraph, transportation and communication and power supply are available. The details of infrastructure resources have been abstracted from housing, household amenities and assets CD 2011 of Satara District (Maharashtra). The description of infrastructure resources attributes are:  Education: All villages in the study area have education facilities such as primary school with reasonably good facilities. Due to better transport from villages to nearby District place District students have opportunity to travel for better education. School bus facility has in the study area.  Public Health Services: After surveyed some villages it was found that almost villages in the study area are having medical facilities. Some villages having PHSC center and private clinic

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 Drinking Water: In villages it was found that people are using tank and well water, Hand pump, Tube well for drinking purposes, Pond water also used of other purpose. There is some water problem during summer.  Power Supply: Electricity is available in all the study villages. It was found that there is frequent load shedding. All purpose is using Electricity facility in the study area. Electricity using all purposes. According to statistical handbook of 2012 Satara district Use of Electricity tower shown.  Communication and Transportation: The study area was well connected by good roads, mud roads and footpaths. It was observed that bus services are limited and primarily buses run in the whole day, on national highway. Regular local transport facility was available in the villages, like auto rickshaw. All villages having good condition road facility.  Banks: All centralized bank in talukas and district place Satara. People are using bank facility for saving money. Economic Attributes The classification of workers is related with their occupation. Economic resource based of any region mainly depends upon its economically active group i.e. the working population involved in productive work. There are different types of workers that may be classified as under with main workers employment pattern given in Table 3.16. Table 3.16: Main Worker Employment Pattern Sr. Main Main Main Other Villages/Town Main Cultivator No. Agriculture Household Worker 1 Lonand (CT) 1008 616 335 4558 2 Pachupatewadi 84 44 1 95 3 Kapadgaon 84 44 1 95 4 Balupatlachiwadi 378 92 3 88 5 KhedBhudruk 1556 313 50 304 6 Padegaon 912 847 32 491 7 Shindechivasu 121 227 8 49 8 Koregaon 273 100 6 126 9 Kapadgaon 366 242 4 156 10 Chambharmala 216 65 0 61 11 Jadhavwadi 211 101 22 704 12 Dagadvasti 274 186 28 59 13 LendiOdha 96 178 18 54 14 Belaohamala 281 2 0 57 15 TambaveDharan 634 221 24 232 16 Manavasu 412 195 1 53 17 Shindewadi 112 15 4 79 18 Nevsivast 302 303 8 99 19 Degdevasti 33 3 7 192 Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH3-33

20 PimpareKhund 895 229 2 141 21 Waghoshi 222 112 3 63 22 Nimbodi 1054 207 16 85 23 Taradgaon 1106 923 98 888 24 Aradgaon 251 198 2 60 25 Shivlakarwadi 453 430 16 234 26 Nanavanemala 567 270 10 152 27 Bhudakewadi 196 56 0 14 28 Narlichamala 265 100 4 95 30 Tambave 1249 743 33 391 31 Thorlaodha 278 19 6 26 Total 6569 3290 469 9701 Source: Census 2011Satara-District, State Maharashtra Health Status Health of the people is not only a desirable goal, but it is also an essential investment in human resources. As per the National Health Policy (1983), Primary Health Care has been accepted as main instrument for achieving this goal of development and strengthening rural health infrastructure through a three-tier system, viz., Primary Health Center (PHCs), Sub Centers and Community Health Center, which have been established. Sampling Methodology A judgmental and purposive sampling method was used for choosing respondents of various sections of the society i.e. Sarpanch, adult males and females, teachers, medical practitioners, businessmen, agriculture labourers, unemployed group etc. Judgmental and purposive sampling method includes the right cases from the total population that helps to fulfill the purpose of study needs. Data Collection Method In order to assess and evaluate the likely impacts arising out of any developmental projects on socio-economic environment, it is necessary to gauge the apprehensions of the people in the project area. For the process of data collection through primary and secondary sources certain methods are used. Field Study and Observations Field survey and observations is made at each sampling villages and the quality of life of that region is studied. Visits are made at hospitals, primary health centres and sub-centres to know the health status of the region. Various governmental organizations such as statistical department, department of census operations are visited to collect the population details of that region.

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Interview Method Structured interview method is used to collect data regarding the awareness and opinion from the sample selected of the various socio-economic sections of the community. Structured interviews involve the use of a set of predetermined questions that includes fixed and alternative questions. The questionnaire mainly highlights the parameters such as income, employment and working conditions, housing, food, clothing, water supply, sanitation, health, energy, transportation and communication, education, environment and pollution to assess the quality of life of that particular region and general awareness and opinion of the respondents about the project. Observations during Socio-economic Study The salient observations recorded during the study area are:  Every villages having Gram panchyat  Most of the villages are having Anganwadi Centres.  The survey reported that most of the villages have primary and middle school facility, for further education people have to go about 10 km away. Maximum educational level of the study area is up to 10th standard. In the study area observed that most of student choose English medium for education .For higher & technical education people have to go to Taluka place Harur and ramiyanhalli. Every school having bus facility.  Communication facilities are very good; people are using mobile cell phone. Dish TV are also available in the study area.  A road approach is mainly pakka road. Road construction is very good. Each and every village connects to the pakka (main) road. For travelling purpose government bus service and other private sources are available for villagers in this region.  Bore well, tank water, well and hand pump are the main source of drinking water supply in the region. There is no drinking water problem.  Sanitation facilities are good condition. 80% villagers are using toilets. Most of the villages having proper gutter line for waste water disposal.  Health condition of villagers is good in this area; villagers are satisfied with the health centers because they are getting proper treatment from Government Hospitals. Private clinics are also available in study area.  Electricity is available in almost all the villages. Most of the villages having irrigation facility through electricity. Electricity use for all purpose in the study area.

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 LPG gas and Wood is major fuel for cooking purpose; kerosene is also used in some villagers.  Most of the people are engaged in agricultural and livestock activities. Farming is the main occupation, a few respondents have service in government sector and most of respondent are labor. Some other is trying to migrate in other places. In the study area villagers are engaged in agriculture work, industrial work, small business like shop, vegetables. Sugarcane, turmeric, paddy, tapioca, coconuts betel nut, cotton, tur is main agriculture production.  Qualities of houses are in satisfactory condition and mostly people have cemented concrete constructed houses but some villagers are living in poor condition.  Self Help Group (SHG) is actively strong in maximum villages.  Marathi is the official language but few people known English. 3.3.11Traffic Study Traffic study measurements were performed at SH 70 (Lonand to Bhor) to assess impact on local transport infrastructure due to this proposed project. Road and highway studies are given in Table-3.16 Table 3.17: Highways in the Study Area

Name of National/State Direction Highway Up Down SH 70 (Lonand to Bhor) Lonand Bhor Total numbers of vehicles per day under the three categories were determined and given in Table 3.17. Table 3.18: Nos. of Vehicles per day S. No. Vehicles Distribution Number of Vehicles Distribution/Day SH70 1. Cars 765 2. Buses 321 3. Two wheelers 823 4. Three wheelers 456 5. Trucks 944

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CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.0 INTRODUCTION Prediction of impacts is the most important component in the Environmental Impact Assessment studies. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of developmental activities on physical, ecological and socio-economic environments. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions. The prediction of impacts helps in minimizing the impacts on environmental quality during the proposed project. An attempt has been made to predict the incremental rise of various ground level concentrations above the baseline status in respect to air pollution. The mathematical models used for predictions in the present study is an EPA approved ISCST3 model which is used on steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model designed for point sources and area sources for air quality. The predicted ground level concentrations computed using EPA approved ISCST3 model and plotted as isopleths concentrations. In case of water, land, biological and socio-economic environment, the predictions have been made based on available scientific literature and secondary sources of information. In the earlier chapters, various process and pollution sources were identified. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to predict the incremental rise of various ground level concentrations above the baseline status due to the emissions from the proposed project. PIL is to enhance the distillery capacity from 100 KLPD to 130 KLPD. To improve the supportive capacity of the study area, mitigation measures including the measures to be undertaken at the source level and an overall action plan at the study area level are detailed. The impact of the any Industry has two distinct phases:  Construction Phase  Operational Phase The impacts are regarded as temporary or short-term in construction phase whereas long-term in operational phase. 4.1 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE The proposed enhancement will be in the form of modification in process hence no

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construction activity will be involved. The Existing structure and plant and machineries are suitable for enhancement in production. 4.2 IMPACT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE The possible beneficial and adverse impacts on each component of environment due to operation of plant are assessed and predicted below: 4.2.1 Impact on Land Use As mentioned earlier, the plant site falls in a notified Industrial area for industrial development; there will not be any negative impact on the land. Only the existing land use pattern on site will be changed. An industrial structure will be developed. In addition, the site will be beautifully landscaped and the greenbelt will be developed to increase the aesthetic view of the land. 4.2.2 Impact on Soil Quality During operation activity, the major solid waste as DDGS/DWGS and Fly Ash will be generated from the Plant, DDGS/DWGS will be sold as cattle Feed and Fly ash will be sold to brick manufactures. During the operation phase, carefully designed landscaped areas and plantation will be maintained. No significant impact is expected on the soils in and around the site, due to the following management measures:  Domestic Waste water will be treated in septic tank and disposed in soak pit  The entire site area is well-paved and thus, there will be no leaching of any substances in case of spills.  Sludge from septic tank will be composted and used as manure for the development of greenbelt. The manure will be organic in nature and will act as soil enricher. Thus, the quality of the soil will improve and therefore, the impact on soil will be positive. 4.2.3 Impact on Topography General topography of area is plain terrain and the entire project site is reasonably leveled. Thus, the impact on topography will be minimum and positive. 4.2.4 Impact on Air Environment The present baseline concentrations were monitored in the EIA study. No additional Power is required for proposed enhancement. Existing Captive power plant (4 MW) is sufficient for enhancement. The proposed enhancement activity will result in air emissions from the following areas. a) Raw material Handling and storage area b) CPP

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c) Final Product Handling and Transportation

The Existing CPP is being used 80 TPH Coal. Hence Particulate matter, SOR2R and NOx are major emissions. The nature of emissions from the above units is detailed below in Table 4.1. Table 4.1: Nature of Emission and Pollutant Particular Nature of Emission Raw material handling & storage area Fugitive

Captive power Plant Fugitive and Flue gas (PM, SOR2R and NOx)

Final Product Handling and Transportation Fugitive

Fugitive dust emissions are confined to area of emission source and its spread to further areas is limited. Hence the impact of the fugitive dust is confined to the maximum of 50 m around the source at a lower height of 5 – 10 m. PIL has incorporated the various pollution control systems in the fugitive dust prone areas. The major air emissions from the proposed project, which will have the impact on the surrounding is mainly from the Captive power Plant section where the pollutant is release through flue gases to the atmosphere. PIL has provided1 tall stack for CPP to exhaust the flue gas emissions. The major pollutants emitted from the unit will be particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. The hot gases released from the stack will be of high temperature.

The flue gases with a temperature of about 150 oC will be deducted in the ESP designed for an

outlet concentration of less than 50 mg/Nm3. The details of emission considered for estimation of impacts are given below in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Emission Details of Boiler

Particular Captive Power Plant Stack No. of stacks 1 Height of stack (m) 50 Diameter of stack (m) 2.7 Temperature of flue gas (oC) 150 Velocity of flue gas (m/s) 18.0 3

Volumetric Flow Rate (Nm P P/sec) 72.63 Particulate matter at outlet of ESP (gm/sec/stack) (@50mg/Nm3 at outlet) 3.63

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Sulphur Dioxide Emission (gm/sec/stack) 7.41 Oxides of Nitrogen (gm/sec/stack) 7.2

UStack Emissions Input Data to the Model Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) regulatory model recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has been used for predicting the incremental

concentrations of PM, SOR2Rand NOx form the proposed plant activities. ISCST3 is capable of modeling multiple sources in simple and complex terrain. ISCST3 calculates ground level and elevated ambient concentrations or deposition from stack, volume and/ or area sources. The steady-state Gaussian plume equation for a continuous source is used to calculate ground level concentrations for stack. Input parameters required for ISCST3 are given below:  X and Y co-ordinates for the source  Source strength in terms of g/sec for NOx and PM  Height of the stack in meters  Temperature of the exit gas in degree Kelvin  Exit velocity of the gas in m/sec  Diameter of the stack in meters  Meteorological parameters such as hourly data for wind direction, wind speed, mixing height and atmospheric stability class The air pollution modeling carried out represents the worst case operating scenarios. The

pollutants considered for modeling include NOx and Particulate Matter and SOR2R. 4.2.5 Meteorological Data The meteorological data recorded continuously during the months of December 2017 to February - 2018 on hourly basis on wind speed, wind direction and temperature has been processed to extract the 24–hourly mean meteorological data as per the guidelines of IMD and MoEFCC for application of ISCST3 model. Stability classes computed for the mean hours are based on guidelines issued by CPCB on modeling. Mixing heights representative of the region have been taken from the available published literature. The hourly meteorological data recorded at site is converted to the mean hourly meteorological data as specified by CPCB and the same has been used in the mode. In absence of site-specific mixing depths, mixing depths published in “Spatial Distribution of hourly Mixing Depths over Indian Region” by Mr. R.N.

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Gupta and recommended by CPCB have been used. Model Employed Prediction of cumulative ground level concentration due to emissions from the proposed project has been computed using EPA approved ISCST3 model. 4.2.6 Application of ISCST3 for Prediction of Ground Level Concentration ISCST3 Model with the following options has been employed to predict the ground level concentration due to emissions from the Distillery Plant.  Areas being rural, rural dispersion parameters are considered.  Predictions have been carried out to estimate concentration values over radial distance of 10 km around the sources  Emission rates from the point sources and area sources were considered as constant and during the entire period.  Consideration of settling velocity of the particles.  The ground level concentrations computed were as is basis without any consideration of decay coefficient.  Calm winds recorded during the study period were also taken into consideration  24 hourly (for 24 – hour mean meteorological data as per guidelines of IMD and MoEFCC) mean ground level concentrations were estimated for the winter season using the mean meteorological data of December 2017 to February 2018. Emission Sources Considered for Simulations Emissions from the Captive power plant have been considered for prediction of impacts. Maximum Ground Level Concentrations:

Ground level concentrations of PM, SOR2 Rand NOx were estimated using the mean meteorological data to project the incremental increase of concentration above baseline concentrations due to emission from the project. The resultants values are compared with National Ambient Air Quality Emission (NAAQE) Standards issued by Ministry vide G.S.R no. 826(E) dated November 16, 2009. Figure 4.1, Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3 represents the spatial distribution of the predicted ground level concentrations of PM, SO2, and NOx due to emissions from the proposed project. Post Project Scenario Maximum ground level concentrations are predicted considering 24-hourly mean meteorological data of during December 2017 to February 2018, superimposed on the

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maximum baseline concentrations obtained during the study period to estimate the post project scenario which would prevail at the post operations phase. The Overall Scenario with predicted concentrations over the maximum baseline concentrations is shown below. Table 4.3 Overall Scenarios within Study Area

24 Hourly PM 10 SOR2 NOR2 Concentrations (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Baseline Scenario (Max) 81.3 19.9 30.4 Predicted Ground Level 0.5 1.03 1.0 Concentration (Max) Overall Scenario 81.8 20.93 31.4 NAAQ Standards 100 80 80

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Observations

It is observed from the model output that the incremental concentrations for PM10, SOR2 Rand NOx levels, and maximum GLCs were observed to be 1.0 km in south direction. It is noted that after adding the incremental concentrations to maximum baseline values also, the ambient levels will be within the specified limits. Hence it can be concluded that, though there will be an increase in GLC levels, no major significant impact on the air quality due to the proposed project is envisaged. 4.2.8 Noise Environment During construction, no significant impact is envisaged as most of the construction equipment produces noise level below 80 dB (A). The noise generated is expected to be intermittent and of short duration. During operational phase after the proposed project the major noise generating sources are plant machinery and generator. These sources will be located far off from each other. Under any circumstances the noise level from each of these sources will not exceed 75 dB(A). The present noise levels monitored at proposed plant are in the range of 75.0– 85.0 dB (A) (Lp total) during the day time as there is construction of the first phase in the site. Prediction of anticipated noise levels have been computed using point source model. A basic phenomenon of the model is the geometric attenuation of sound. Noise at a point generates spherical waves which are propagated outward from the source though the air at a speed of 1,100 ft/sec, with the first wave making an ever increasing sphere with time. As the wave spreads the intensity of noise diminishes as the fixed amount of energy is spread over an increasing surface area of the sphere. The assumption of the model is based on point source relationship i.e. for every doubling of the distance the noise levels are decreased by 6 dB (A). Point source propagation is defined by the following equation: Lp2 = Lp1 - 20 log r2/r1 Where Lp1 and Lp2 are sound pressure levels at points located at distances r1 and r2, respectively, from the source. Noise level at the plant boundary, calculated from the above equation, is expected to be less than 60 db (A). Predictions carried out are on as is basis without taking into consideration any attenuation factors. Additional attenuation is expected, due to atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.

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Based on the above principle a noise model “Dhawani” has been developed by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI). The details of the model are as follows:  Maximum number of sources is limited to 20  Noise levels can be predicted at any distance depending upon the grid scale  Model is designed to take topographical conditions (flat, undulated, etc.)terrain  Coordinates of the sources with respect to the center co-ordinates of 0,0  Maximum and minimum levels are calculated by the model  Output of the model in the form of isopleths  Environmental attenuation factors have not been incorporated in the model Operational Noise Assessment Noise generating equipment /machinery in the proposed project is given in table. Predictions have been made taking into account all operations and utilities reflecting the worst-case scenario. The predicted Noise Levels along the proposed plant boundary are shown in the following Table 4.4, which are below the ambient noise standards. It is predicted that the high noise levels will be limited to work zone only and the noise levels gradually decreases further away from the source. Therefore, the impact of noise due to plant will be negligibly adverse in nature. Table 4.4: Expected Noise Levels from Different Units S. No. Source 1 Air compressors 2 Transformer 3 Raw Material Handling 4 Conveyer System 5 Vehicular Moment 6 Captive Power Plant

Permissible working noise levels recommended by OSHA with respect to noise and the duration of exposure in hours are provided in the Table 4.5.

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Table 4.5: Permissible Noise Levels

Sound Pressure Level dB (A) Maximum Permissible Exposure Time per Day (Hours) 90 8 92 6 95 4 97 3 100 2 102 1 ½ 105 1 107 ¾ 110 ½ 115 ¼ >115 0

Distance in meter

Figure 4.4: Noise Dispersion Contour

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The noise levels expected due to operation of these equipment will range between 85 -100 dB (A). The noise produced during operation phase will have a significant impact on the existing ambient noise levels. The major work will be carried out during the daytime. Mitigation measure proposed Noise levels generated during this proposed project is confined within the plant and is further reduced due to attenuation of greenbelt. Noise level at the plant boundary, calculated from the above equation, is expected to be less than 60 dB (A) without considering any attenuation factors. PIL will develop the greenbelt in an area of 2.67 Ha within the premises. Boundary plantation developed will be act as a barrier and further reduce the noise levels. 4.2.9 Water Environment The water requirement of the proposed plant is 1150 KLD. The water will be mainly used for process, cooling purpose, Captive Power Plant and domestic purpose only. About 690 KLPD spent wash will be generated it will be treated in MEE and the evaporation condensate of MEE will be treated in ETP and recycled in process. Wastewater/ sewage generated from domestic activities will be treated in the septic tank followed by soak pit. Zero discharge norms will be followed. 4.2.10 Solid Waste Generation The estimated main solid waste generated from this proposed plant is DDGS/DWGS and Flyash. The details of solid waste generation are given below: Item Existing Proposed Total Management DWGS 7800 TPM - 9300 TPM Sold as Cattle feed DDGS - 2400 TPM 2400 TPM Sold as Cattle feed Fly Ash 25.6 TPD - 25.6 TPD Sold to Brick Manufactures Bottom Ash 6.4 TPD - 6.4 TPD To fill the low laying areas Used oil 2.0 KL/Annum 2.0 KL/Annum Sold to authorized vendor

Treatment process of spent wash is given below:

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4.2.11 Traffic Details The proposed additional traffic mainly includes trucks, which are used to transport Raw and finished material. Hence, only heavy traffic is considered in assessing the impact of traffic. The proposed truck traffic due to proposed activity is considered in assessing the impact on surrounding area. The total proposed traffic details are given below:

Material Quantity (TPD) Capacity of Trucks Number Trucks/Day Existing Raw 260 TPD 25 T 11 Finished 100 KLD 20 KL 5.0 Proposed Raw 310 TPD 25 T 13 Finished 130 KLD 20 KL 7.0 Total 20.0

4.2.12 Rain Water Harvesting /Recharge Plan The storm water disposal system for the premises shall be self-sufficient to avoid any collection/stagnation and flooding of water. Roof top runoff water will be collected in storage tank. As we know it is a purest form of water. After proper treatment we can use it for various purposes. Details are given below: Table 4.6: Rain Water Harvesting/Recharge Details

S. Catchment Area Runoff Rainfall Intensity Discharge Particulars 2 3

No. in mP P (A) Coefficient (C) in m/Annum (I) (mP P) 1 Area for RWH 80710.0 0.6 0.72 34866.72 Total 34866.72 3

Annually about 34866.72mP P water will be conserved by rain water harvesting system and will be discharge in storage tank. 4.2.13 Socio-economic Impacts The Socio economic Impacts details are given below: Positive Impacts Negative Impacts i) There is no loss of land and consequential i) Air pollution and Noise pollution may livelihoods, as no land acquistion is happen if adequate mitigation contemplated. measures not taken.

ii) Creation of additional employment

opportinities for about 20 local skilled and ii) Increased influx of people, and semi-skilled workers during project tranportion of vehicles putting operational phases. pressure on existing road network in iii) Multiplier effect due to induced the visinity. growth during contruction and

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operational phase in downstream and upstream project activites for about 25-30 persons majority of them local youth.

iv) Development/upgradation of vocational and soft skills of about 100 local youth over next five years thus enhancing their employability.

v) Emergence of local enterpreneur in complementary activites such as small business transporation, equipment repairs

and maintenance etc. ------

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Final EIA for Expansion in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 120 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, Khandala Mandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra. M/s. Privilege Industries Limited

CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY No alternative technologies considered. 5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES No alternative site is considered, as this is an expansion project and will be housed in the existing plant premises.

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, KhandalaMandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra.M/s. Privilege Industries Limited

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAME 6.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents details of post-project environmental monitoring. 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING The environmental monitoring will be done to assess performance of pollution control equipment recommended for proposed project. The sampling and analysis of environmental attributes including monitoring locations point sites will be as per the guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board. Environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis by PIL to assess the pollution level in and around the project area. The attributes, which require regular monitoring, are specified underneath: 1] Air quality; 2] Water and wastewater quality; 3] Noise levels; 4] Soil quality; 5] A forestation; and 6] Socio Economic aspects and community development. 6.2 MONITORING POINTS / LOCATIONS AND COMPONENTS The environmental monitoring points shall be decided considering the environmental impacts likely to occur due to the operation of proposed project as the main scope of monitoring program is to track, timely and regularly, the change in environmental conditions and to take timely action for protection of environment. The monitoring points/location and components of significance shall be as per Table 6.1. Table 6.1: Post Project Environmental Monitoring Locations S. Environmental Monitoring Points/ Location No. Components 1. Water  Take one upstream and downstream sample of surface (Ground Water and water. Minimum distance 500 m. Surface Water) (Nira River)  Take 4 nos. ground water samples from nearby villages. Sampling method as MOEFCC and CPCB drinking water guidelines  Frequency: Half Yearly 2. Stack Emission  Continuous online monitoring.  Linked with MPCB/CPCB server 3. Noise  4 locations nearby work place.

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, KhandalaMandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra.M/s. Privilege Industries Limited

S. Environmental Monitoring Points/ Location No. Components  4 locations in surrounding area  Frequency: Quarterly 4. Greenbelt/Vegetation  Check plant growth and survival of plants. Cover  To maintained 85% of plants survival rate.  Frequency: Quarterly 5. Soil  4 locations in nearby villages.  Frequency: Half Yearly 6. Environmental Audit  As per the MoEFCC guidelines.  Frequency: once in a Year 7 Health Checkup  For Workers half Yearly  For surrounding villages yearly

6.3 MONITORING PARAMETERS AND FREQUENCY The monitoring parameters and frequency of monitoring shall be as per Table-6.2. Table 6.2: Parameters and Frequency for Post Project Environmental Monitoring

Sr.No Item Parameters Frequency

1. Ambient Air quality PMR10R,PMR2.5R, SOR2R, NORxR, CO, etc. Continuous online 2. Noise Equivalent noise level- dB (A) Monthly as per CPCB/MOEFCC guidelines 3. Soil, Solid wastes and pH , Humidity, Texture, Organic Quarterly as per Manure / Compost matter, N, P, K, Sulphate, CPCB/MOEFCC Calcium, Magnesium, C:N ratio. guidelines 4. Greenbelt Number of plantation (Units), Ongoing- round Number of Survived plants/ the year trees, Number of poor plants/ Trees 5. Environmental Audit As per Direction of MOEFCC Once in a Year as per CPCB/MOEFCC guidelines

6.4 MONITORING METHODOLOGIES Monitoring of environmental samples shall be done as per the guidelines provided by MoEF&CC/ CPCB/CPCB. The method followed shall be recommended/standard method approved/ recommended by MoEF& CC / CPCB. 6.5 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION The records of the monitoring program shall be kept on regular basis for all aspects of the monitoring. Separate records for water, wastewater, solid wastes, air emission and soil shall be prepared and preserved regularly. Immediately upon the completion of monitoring as per the planned schedule, report shall be prepared and necessary documents shall be forwarded

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, KhandalaMandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra.M/s. Privilege Industries Limited

to the concerned person. Methodology of monitoring (sampling and analysis) shall be prepared as separate documents as SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) wherever required. The records showing results/outcome of the monitoring programs shall be prepared as per the requirement of the schedule mentioned above. Regularly, these documents and records shall be reviewed for necessary improvement of the monitoring plan/mitigation measures/environmental technologies as well as for necessary actions of Environmental Management Cell. 6.6 Budget and Procurement Schedule On regular basis, Environment Management Cell shall inspect the necessity and availability of the spares suitability of technology materials, services and maintenance status. The Cell shall make appropriate budget for the purpose. Regular record review for any change in financial requirement of environment management shall be done and appropriate budgetary provisions shall be made. Along with other budgets, Budget for environmental management shall be prepared and revised regularly as per requirement. The budget shall include provisions for:  Environmental Monitoring Program  Operation and Maintenance of Environmental Technologies / Equipment  Laboratory works for Environmental management activities  Emergency Purchase of necessary material, equipments, tools, services  Annual Environmental Audit.  Preparing environment statement. Budget for Environmental Monitoring The total capital investment on environmental control measures is envisaged to be about INR 5.0 Lakh. Details are given in Table-6.3 Table 6.3: Environment Monitoring Budget

S.No Activity Cost in Rs lacs 1. Air Environment Monitoring 1.50 2. Stack Monitoring 1.50 3. Soil Quality Monitoring 0.75 4. Water Quality Monitoring 0.75 5. Noise Monitoring 0.50 Total 5.0

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CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.0 Introduction Distillery Industry is associated with potential hazards that effect to the employee and environment. It would normally require the assistance of emergency services to handle it effectively. The operation shall be taken out under the well management and control by the qualified safety manager. Disaster management plan has to be formulated with an aim of taking precautionary steps to avert disasters and also to take such action after the disaster which limits the damage to the minimum. 7.1 Risk Assessment Risk assessment study for the 130 KLPD distillery project done for operational Phase. As construction phase is not involved in project, hence the risk assessment study conducted for construction phase. 7.1.1 Risk during Construction Phase No Construction phase is involved in proposed expansion project. Hence not applicable. 7.1.2 Risk during Operational Phase Activities requiring assessment of risk due to occurrence of most probable instances of hazard and accident are both onsite and off-site. On-site  Exposure to fugitive dust, noise, and other emissions.  Explosion  Housekeeping practices requiring contact with solid and liquid wastes.  Emission/spillage etc. from storage and handling.  Unsafe condition and unsafe act. Off-site  Exposure to pollutants released from offsite/ storage/related activities  Contamination due to accidental releases or normal release in combination with natural hazard.  Deposition of toxic pollutants in vegetation / other sinks and possible sudden releases due to accidental occurrences

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7.1.3 Risk Analysis Methodologies Risk assessment often requires the synthesis of risk profiles, which represent the probability distribution of total annual loss due to a certain set of events or activities. These assessments usually involve estimation of losses for several sub-classifications of the overall process and synthesis of the results into an aggregate risk profile. Main risk assessment technologies are:  Hazard and operability study (HAZOP), and  Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) HAZOP Study The HAZOP study is a systematic technique of identifying hazards of operability problems of a process and lists all possible deviations from normal operating condition and how they might occur. The consequences of the process are assessed and the means available to detect and correct the deviations are examined. Thus, within the entire process all “credible” deviations that could lead to hazardous events or operability problems are identified. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) FTA is primarily a means of analyzing non-identifiable hazards. Hazards of top events (the ultimate happening that is to be avoided) are first identified by other techniques such as HAZOP. Then all combinations of individual failures that can lead to that hazardous event show the logical format of the fault tree. Estimating the individual probabilities and then using the appropriate arithmetical expressions can calculate the top event frequency. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) There are three steps used to manage health and safety at work: 1. Spot the Hazard (Hazard Identification) 2. Assess the Risk (Risk Assessment) 3. Make the Changes (Risk Control)

Spot the Hazard A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else. Examples of workplace hazards include:

 Frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock);

 Boxes stacked precariously (they could fall on someone);

 Noisy machinery (could result in damage to your hearing).

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Assess the Risk Assessing the risk means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm someone and how serious the harm could be. For example:

 Ask your supervisor for instructions and training before using equipment;

 Ask for help moving or lifting heavy objects;

 Tell your supervisor if you think a work practice could be dangerous. Make the Changes The best way to fix a hazard is to get rid of it altogether. This is not always possible, but your employer should try to make hazards less dangerous by looking at the following options (in order from most effective to least effective):

 Elimination - Sometimes hazards - equipment, substances or work practices - can be avoided entirely. (e.g. Clean high windows from the ground with an extendable pole cleaner, rather than by climbing a ladder and risking a fall.)

 Substitution - Sometimes a less hazardous thing, substance or work practice can be used. (e.g. Use a non-toxic glue instead of a toxic glue.)

 Isolation - Separate the hazard from people, by marking the hazardous area, fitting screens or putting up safety barriers. (e.g. Welding screens can be used to isolate welding operations from other workers. Barriers and/or boundary lines can be used to separate areas where forklifts operate near pedestrians in the workplace.)

 Safeguards - Safeguards can be added by modifying tools or equipment, or fitting guards to machinery. These must never be removed or disabled by workers using the equipment.

 Instructing workers in the safest way to do something - This means developing and enforcing safe work procedures. Students on work experience must be given information and instruction and must follow agreed procedures to ensure their safety.

 Using personal protective equipment and clothing (PPE) - If risks remain after the options have been tried, it may be necessary to use equipment such as safety glasses, gloves, helmets and ear muffs. PPE can protect you from hazards associated with jobs such as handling chemicals or working in a noisy environment. Sometimes, it will require more than one of the risk control measures above to effectively reduce exposure to hazards.

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Risk Classification Table: Based on Likelihood/Controls Rating x Severity Rating Almost certain 5 5 10 15 20 25 Likely 4 4 8 12 16 20 Possible 3 3 6 9 12 15 Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8 10 Rare 1 1 2 3 4 5 Likelihood / 1 2 3 4 5 Control Rating Severity Rating The definition of risk level and acceptance criteria is given below: Risk level Category Acceptability on necessry action and timescale No additional controls are required unless they can be inplemented at very low cost (in terms of time, 1 – 3 Low money and efforts), actions to further reduce these risks

LOW RISK RISK LOW are assigned low priority. Arrangements should be made to ensure that the controls are maintained. Consideration should be given as to whether the risks can be lowered, but the costs of additional risk reduction measures should be taken into account. The risk reduction measures should be implemented within a defined time 4 – 8 Medium period. Arrangement should be made to ensure that the controls are maintained, particulary if the risk levels are

Moderate RISK RISK Moderate associated with extremely harmful consequences and very harmful consequences. Substantial efforts should be made to reduce the risk. Risk reductino measures should be implemented urgently within a defined time period and it might be necessary to consider suspending or restricting the activity, or to apply 09 – 14 High interim risk contrls ar maintained, controls. Arrangements should be made to ensure that the controls are maintained, particulatly if the riks levels are associated with extremely

HIGH RISK RISK HIGH harmful consequences and very harmful consequences. These risks are unacceptable. Substantial improvements in 15 – 25 Very high risk controls are necessary, so that the risk is reduced to an acceptable level. The work activity should be halted until

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risk controls are implemented that reduce the risk so that it is no longer very hign. If it is not possible to reduce risk the work should remain prohibited.

Review of HIRA Study - At least once in a year; - Amendments / addition in legal requirements; - Change in process or products handled; - Internal and external audit results, including Specialized / Third Party Audits; - Occurrence of accident, emergency; - While initiating any corrective and preventive action; - While purchasing and erecting any new equipment / machinery / building. 7.2 Potential Risk Area assessment in 130 KLPD Distillery Plant The potential risk area inside the plant is given in Table 7.1. Table 7.1 Potential Risk Area inside the Plant Block/Area Hazards Identification Fuel Storage Area Fire, Spontaneous Combustion, Dust emission Boiler Fire (mainly near oil burners), steam;

Explosions, Fuel Explosions Turbo-Generator Buildings Fires in - a) Lube Oil systems b) Cable galleries c) Short circuits in i) Control Rooms ii) Switchgears Explosion due to leakage of Hydrogen and fire following it.

Fire in Oil Drum Storage Storage of LDO/HFO Fire Fermentation area Short Circuits, CO2 leakage Distillation Fire MEE area Linkage of Hot Steam Storage of Product Fire

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7.2.1 Model Used for Fire Radiation Analysis The gas/liquid released in the vicinity of the storage area may be as a result of rupture in cylinders, mechanical defect and external interference. Radiation Pool fire model has been used to estimate radiation intensity distances for LDO, ENA and Sprit. Damage Criteria The fuel storage and unloading at the storage facility may lead to fire and explosion hazards. The damage criteria due to an accidental release of any hydrocarbon arise from fire and explosion. The vapors of these fuels are not toxic and hence no effects of toxicity are expected. Tank fire would occur if the radiation intensity is high on the peripheral surface of the tank leading to increase in internal tank pressure. Pool fire would occur when fuels collected in the dyke due to leakage gets ignited. Fire Damage A flammable liquid in a pool will burn with a large turbulent diffusion flame. This releases heat based on the heat of combustion and the burning rate of the liquid. A part of the heat is radiated while the rest is convicted away by rising hot air and combustion products. The radiations can heat the contents of a nearby storage or process unit to above its ignition temperature and thus result in a spread of fire. The radiations can also cause severe burns or fatalities of workers or fire fighters located within a certain distance. Hence, it will be important to know beforehand the damage potential of a flammable liquid pool likely to be created due to leakage or catastrophic failure of a storage or process vessel. This will help to decide the location of other storage/process vessels, decide the type of protective clothing the workers/fire fighters’ need, the duration of time for which they can be in the zone, the fire extinguishing measures needed and the protection methods needed for the nearby storage/process vessels. Table-7.2 tabulates the damage effect on equipment and people due to thermal radiation intensity. Table-7.2 Damage due to Incident Radiation Intensities S. Radiation Intensity (kw/m2) Type of Intensity Damage (m) No. 1 Greater than 10.0 Potential Lethal within 60 sec 2 Greater than 5.0 2nd Degree Burns within 60 sec 3 Greater than 2.0 Pain within 60 Sec

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Storage of Ethanol inside the Plant Bulk storages Tank for ENA is 7 X 750KL and is located near the Production building. The details of release of ENA, RS, MS and AA from the storage facilities are presented in Table 7.3. If these vapours come in contact with source of ignition, it can result in a major fire and intensities of radiation of this fire are computed to know the damage distances and to assess the risk involved. The damage distances for Ethanol and sprit have been estimated for instantaneous spill; the results are presented in Table-7.4 and Table 7.5 and are shown in Figure-7.1and Figure 7.2. Table-7.3 Release of ENA and Sprit from the Storage Facilities Scenario Release of Quantity of LDO 7 storage tank for ENA (750 KL Each) 750 KL 3 storage tank for impure Spirit 150 150 KL KL each

Table - 7.4 Radiation Intensities vs. Distance for ENA (750 KL) Radiation Intensity (kw/m2) Distance from the Centre of the Pool (m) Greater than 10.0 44.0 Greater than 5.0 61.0 Greater than 2.0 94.0

Table - 7.5 Radiation Intensities vs. Distance for Spirit (150 KL) Radiation Intensity (kw/m2) Distance from the Centre of the Pool (m) Greater than 10.0 21.0 Greater than 5.0 31.0 Greater than 2.0 48.0

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Figure 7.1: Radiation Intensity vs Distance for ENA (750 KL)

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Figure 7.2: Radiation Intensity vs Distance for Sprit (750 KL)

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7.3 Disaster Management Plan 7.3.1 Definition A major emergency in an activity/project is one which has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to property and serious disruption both inside and outside the activity/project. It would normally require the assistance of emergency services to handle it effectively. 7.3.2 Scope An important element of mitigation is emergency planning, i.e. identifying accident possibility, assessing the consequences of such accidents and deciding on the emergency procedures, both on site and off site that would need to be implemented in the event of an emergency. Emergency planning is just one aspect of safety and cannot be considered in isolation from the proposed 130 KLPD capacity grain based distillery unit and hence before starting to prepare the plan, works management will ensure that the necessary standards, appropriate to safety legislation, are in place. 7.3.3 Objective The overall objectives of the emergency plan will be:  To localize the emergency and, eliminate it; and  To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property. Elimination will require prompt action by operations and works emergency staff using, for example, fire–fighting equipment, water sprays etc. Minimizing the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and giving information promptly to people living nearby. 7.3.4 Identification of Hazards The following types of hazards may be identified at Distillery plant.  Fire in Electric Panels, Oil room and alcohol storage.  Waste treatment processes.  Cleaning of barrels, which have held chemical substances. To deal the above emergencies, the Emergency Plan is prepared.

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7.3.5 Safety Measures for Storage and Handling of Alcohol The alcohol will be directly fed to the bottling unit mechanically and no manual handling will be involved which will reduce the risk of spillage in the storage area. Following precautionary measures would be taken for safety  Handling and Storage; Keeping away from heat, sparks and open flame, care will be taken for avoidance of spillage, skin and eye contact, well ventilation, Use of approved respirator if air contamination is above acceptable level will be promoted. For Storage and handling following precautions will be taken:  Keeping away from oxidizers, heat and flames.  Avoidance of plastics, rubber and coatings in the storage area.  Cool, dry, and ventilated storage and closed containers.  Grounding of the container and transferring of equipment to eliminate static electric sparks. In case of any emergency following measures would be taken:  First Aid Measures: For Skin contact, Eye contact, and Inhalation.  Fire Fighting Measures:  Use of extinguishing media surrounding the fire as water, dry chemicals (BC or ABC

powder), CO, Sand, dolomite, etc  Foam System for firefighting will be provided to control fire from the alcohol storage tank. The foam thus produced will suppress fire by separating the fuel from the air (oxygen), and hence avoiding the fire and explosion to occur in the tank. Foam would blanket the fuel surface smothering the fire. The fuel will also be cooled by the water content of the foam.  The foam blanket suppresses the release of flammable vapors that can mix with the air.  Special Fire Fighting Procedures; Keeping the fire upwind. Shutting down of all possible sources of ignition, keeping of run-off water out of sewers and water sources. Avoidance of water in straight hose stream which will scatter and spread fire. Use of spray or fog nozzles will be promoted, cool containers will be exposed to flames with water from the side until well after the fire is out.  Hazardous Decomposition Products: gases of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Carbon Dioxide

(CO2).

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 Accidental Release Measures; For Spill Cleanup well Ventilation, Shutting off or removal of all possible sources of ignition, absorbance of small quantities with paper towels and evaporate in safe place like fume hood and burning of these towels in a safe manner), Use of respiratory and/or liquid-contact protection by the Clean-up personnel will be promoted. 7.4 Emergency Planning 7.4.1 General Disaster Management Plan for an industrial unit is necessarily a combination of various actions which are to be taken in a very short time but in a present sequence to deal effectively and efficiently with any disaster, emergency or major accident with an aim to keep the loss of men, material, plant/machinery etc. to the minimum. The main functions of the Disaster Management Cell are to prepare a detailed Disaster Management Plan, which includes:  Identification of various types of expected disaster depending upon the type of the industrial unit.  Identification of various groups, agencies, departments etc. necessary for dealing with a specific disaster effectively.  Preparation – by intensive training of relevant teams/groups within the organization to deal with a specific disaster and keep them in readiness.  Establishment of an early detection system for the disaster.  Development of a reliable instant information/communication system.  Organization and mobilization of all the concerned departments/ organizations / groups and agencies instantly when needed.  A major disaster that can be expected due to fire in this proposed distillery. 7.4.2 Emergency Planning for Disaster due to Fire Cable rooms, transformer, unit, auxiliary transformers, oil tanks, etc. within the plant are the likely areas for which disaster management plan is to be made to deal with any eventuality of fire. Stores, workshop, canteen and administrative building will be included. 7.4.2.1 Classification of Fire Class (A) Fire involving combustible materials like wood, paper, cloth etc.

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Class (B) Fire due to liquid materials like oil, diesel, petroleum products and all inflammables. Class (C) Fires involving domestic and industrial gases like butane and propane etc. Class (D) Metal fires etc. Class (E) Electrical fires due to short circuiting etc. 7.4.3 Need of Establishing a Fire Fighting Group A small spark of fire may result into loss of machines and the damage by fire may high economic losses. This type of losses can be avoided by preventing and controlling the fire instantly for which fire–fighting group will be established. Establish which would house and keep in readiness, the following types of equipment and arrangements.

 CO2 extinguishers  Dry powder chemical extinguishers  Foam extinguishers  80 mm. spray hoses  Fire brigade  Fire hydrant  Protocol (chemical to combat oil fires). In order to avoid fire in cable galleries, all the power and control cables of FRLS type (Fire Resistant Low Smoke) will be used. 7.4.4 Inspection Fire alarm panel (electrical) will cover the entire plant. The inspection group will periodically inspect fire extinguishers in fire stations and machines and other places. The groups will display emergency telephone number boards at vital points. The group will regularly carry out general inspection for fire. 7.4.5 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire The following steps will be taken during a fire accident in the system: As soon as the message is received about fire, one of the systems will be diverted to the place of the fire accident along with a staff member.

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Simultaneously plant fire station will be informed by phone walkie for fire brigades and fire stations of nearby area. In the meanwhile, the pipe system will be operated to obtain maximum pressure on output. In case cables are within the reach of fire, power supply will be tripped and the cables shifted. 7.4.6 Fire Fighting with Water Adequate and reliable arrangement is required for fighting the fire with water such as: 1. Provision for Fire brigade and Fire hydrant. 2. Arrangement of pipelines along and around all vulnerable areas. 3. Provision of valves at appropriate points to enable supply of water at the required place/area or divert the same to another direction/pipe line. 4. Provision of overhead tanks which will be providing with the water during power failure and it would work by the gravitational force. 6.4.7 Sources of Water for Fire Fighting The following two sources of water have been considered for firefighting:  Overhead Tank  Raw Water Reservoir 7.4.8 Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers To deal with fire – other than carbonaceous fires, which can be deal with by water – suitable fire extinguishers are required to do the job effectively. It is therefore, necessary to keep adequate number of extinguishers in readiness at easily approachable places. Adequate number of fire stations would be:  Further, other spray groups from the system will be diverted to the spot.  In case of fire in the belt, belt will be cut near the burning portion to save the remaining parts.  After extinguishing the fire, the area will be well prepared for reuse.  Foam System for firefighting will be provided to control fire from the alcohol storage tank. The foam thus produced will suppress fire by separating the fuel from the air (oxygen), and hence avoiding the fire and explosion to occur in the tank. Foam would blanket the fuel surface smothering the fire. The fuel will also be cooled by the water content of the foam.  The foam blanket suppresses the release of flammable vapors that can mix with the air.

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7.5 On–Site Emergency Plan 7.5.1 Introduction The views of the possible hazards that can arise out of the daily operations in the distillery plant, various measures are adopted to prevent the occurrence of a major accident. This comprises of:  Built in safety measures, alarms, trips and interlocks etc.  Standard safe operating and maintenance procedures permit system etc.  Training of all the involved staff in normal and emergency operating procedures.  Training of all employees in safety, fire fighting and first aid. However, in spite of these precautions, it is required to foresee situation of major accident and plan for taking timely action to minimize the effects of such incident on the safety and health of persons working in the plant as well as those living around the premises. 7.6 Preparation of Plan 7.6.1 Alarm System A siren shall be provided under the control of Security office in the plant premises to give warning. In case of emergencies this will be used on the instructions to shift in charge that is positioned round the clock. The warning signal for emergency shall be as follows: – Emergency Siren: Waxing and waning sound for 3 minutes. – All clear signal: Continuous siren for one minute. 7.6.2 Communication Walkies and Talkies are located at strategic locations; internal telephone system EPBX with external P&T telephones would be provided. 7.6.3 Fire Protection System 7.6.3.1 Fire Fighting System The fire protection system for the unit is to provide for early detection, alarm, containment and suppression of fires. The fire detection and protection system has been planned to meet the above objective an all–statutory and insurance requirement of Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) of India. The complete fire protection system will comprise of the following. (a)Fire brigade Automatic / manual fire detection and alarm system

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(b)Fire Hydrant Fire hydrant will be provided at all around in the plant as per TAC Norms. (c)Portable fire extinguishers Various areas of the plant will have one or more of the above system depending upon the particular nature of risk involved in that area. (d)Portable Chemical Fire Extinguishers These are intended as a first line of defense, and hence will be stationed at strategic locations in different buildings and also for outdoor facilities. Portable fire extinguishers will be foam type; carbon dioxide type and multipurpose dry chemical (MPDC) type. (e)Fire Detection and Alarm System Fire detection and alarm system an effective means of detection, visual indication of fire location and audible alarm of any fire at its incipient stage. This system will comprise fire alarm panels, automatic fire detectors, manual call points and fire siren (hooter). The main fire alarm panel will provide both visual and audible alarm of fire in any protected areas of the plant. Manual break glass type fire alarms will be provided at strategic locations where high hazards exits. Automatic fire detectors will be provided for coal handling areas and in plant areas such as control rooms, switchgear rooms, cable galleries etc. 7.6.4 First Aid A first aid centre with adequate facilities shall be provided. It shall be maintained round the clock by a compounder cum dresser and a doctor. An Ambulance shall also be provided at site to carry affected people to hospital. 7.6.5 Security The security requirements of the company premises shall be taken care of by CSO assisted by a Fire In charge. The team, apart from the normal security functions will manage the role required during a disaster management operation as a part of the crisis control team. 7.6.6 Safety The safety wing led by a Safety Manager will meet the requirement of emergencies round the clock. The required safety appliances shall be distributed at different locations of the plant to meet any eventualities. Poster/placards reflecting safety awareness will be placed at different locations in the plant area.

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7.6.7 Evacuation Procedure As the major hazard is only due to fire, which has more or less localized impact no mass evacuation, procedures are required. Evacuation would involve only the people working very close to the fire area. 7.6.8 Emergency Control Center Provision is made to establish an Emergency Control Centre (ECC) from which emergency operations are directed and coordinated. This centre is activated as soon as on–site emergency is declared. The ECC consists of one room, located in an area that offers minimal risk being directly exposed to possible accidents. During an emergency, the Emergency Management Staff, including the site controller will gather in the ECC. Therefore, the ECC is equipped with adequate communication systems in the form of telephones and other equipments to allow unhampered organisations and other nearby facility personnel. The ECC provides shelter to its occupants against the most common accidents; in addition, the ECC’s communication systems are protected from possible shutdown. The ECC has its own emergency lighting arrangement and electric communication systems operation. Only a limited and prearranged number of people are admitted to the ECC, when in use. This eliminates unnecessary interference and reduces confusion. The ECC is always ready for operation and provided with the equipment and supplies necessary during the emergency such as: – Updated copies of the On–site Disaster Management Plan. – Emergency telephone numbers. – The names, phone number, and address of external agencies, response organizations and neighbouring facilities. – The adequate number of telephone (more than two). – Emergency lights, Clocks, Personal protective equipment. – List of fire extinguishers with their type no. and location, capacity, etc. – Safety helmets – List of quantity and location. – Status boards/message board. – Material safety data sheets for chemicals handled at the facility. – Several maps of the facility including drainage system for surrounding area showing:

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 Areas where hazardous materials are stored.  Plot plans of storage tanks, routes of pipelines, all water permanent lines etc.  The locations where personal protective equipment are stored.  The position of pumping stations and other water sources.  Roads and plant entrances.  Assembly areas and layout of Hydrant lines. 7.6.9 Communication Equipments and Alarm Systems This kind of equipment is absolutely vital for notifying accident; make the emergency known both inside and outside of the facility, and coordinating, the response actions among the various groups involved in response operations. In particular, this equipment is used to communicate within the facility; communicate between the facility and outside organizations; and inform the public. Different communications systems can vary in effectiveness, depending on the task. The most common types installed in the plant are given below. 7.6.9.1 Sirens These are audible alarm systems commonly used in facilities. In case of any emergency siren will be operated short intermittently for 1.5 minutes. An alarm does more than just emergency warning. It also instructs people to carry out specific assignments, such as reach to assembly point for further instructions and actions, or carry out protective measures; this can be achieved only if the people are familiar with the alarm systems and are trained to respond to it. 7.6.10 Personal Protective Equipments This equipment is used mainly for three reasons; to protect personnel from a hazard while performing rescue/accident control operations, to do maintenance and repair work under hazardous conditions, and for escape purposes. The list of Personal Protective Equipment provided at the facility and their locations are available in ECC. Effective command and control accomplish these functions necessitates personal trained in this On–site Disaster Management Plan with adequate facilities and equipments and equipment to carry out their duties and functions. These organizations and the facilities required to support their response are summarized in the following subsections. Emergency Control Plan is given in Figure 7.3.

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Figure 7.3 Emergency Control Plan

7.6.11 Procedure for Testing and Updating the Plan Simulated emergency preparedness exercises and mock fire fighting exercises including mutual aid scheme resources and in conservation with district emergency authority to be carried out time to time. 7.6.12 Disclosure of Information to Worker and Public Awareness System in Existence and Anticipated – Safety awareness among workers by conserving various training programmes and Seminars, competition, slogans etc. – Practical exercise. – Distribution and practices of safety Instructions. – Safety Quiz contests. – Display of Safety Posters and Safety Slogans. – Developing Safety Instructions for every Job and ensuring these instructions/booklets or manuals by the workers.

7.7 Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan

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The task of preparing the Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the district collector; however the off-site plan will be prepared with the help of the local district authorities. The proposed plan will be based on the following guidelines. Introduction Off-site emergency plan follows the on-site emergency plan. When the consequences of an emergency situation go beyond the plant boundaries, it becomes an off-site emergency. Off- site emergency is essentially the responsibility of the public administration. However, the factory management will provide the public administration with the technical information relating to the nature, quantum and probable consequences on the neighboring population. The off-site plan in detail will be based on those events which are most likely to occur, but other less likely events which have severe consequence will also be considered. Incidents which have very severe consequences yet have a small probability of occurrence will also be considered during the preparation of the plan. However, the key feature of a good off-site emergency plan is flexibility in its application to emergencies other than those specifically included in the formation of the plan. The roles of the various parties who will be involved in the implementation of an off-site plan are described below. Depending on local arrangements, the responsibility for the off-site plan will be either rest with the works management or, with the local authority. Either way, the plan will identify an emergency co-coordinating officer, who would take the overall command of the off-site activities. As with the on-site plan, an emergency control center will be setup within which the emergency co-coordinating office can operate. An early decision will be required in many cases on the advice to be given to people living “within range” of the accident - in particular whether they should be evacuated or told to go indoors. In the latter case, the decision can regularly be reviewed in the event of an escalation of the incident. Consideration of evacuation may include the following factors.  In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g an oil storage tank), only houses close to the fire are likely to need evacuation, although a severe smoke hazard may require this to be reviewed periodically;  If a fire is escalating and in turn threatening a store of hazardous material, it might be necessary to evacuate people nearby, but only if there is time; if insufficient time exists, people should be advised to stay indoors and shield themselves from the fire. Aspects to be considered in the Off-Site Emergency Plan

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The main aspects, which will be included in the emergency plan, are: Organization Details of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures, emergency control centers. Names and appointments of incident controller, site main controller, their deputies and other key personnel. Communications Identification of personnel involved, communication center, call signs, network, lists of telephone numbers. Specialized Knowledge Details of specialist bodies, firms and people upon whom it may be necessary to call i.e. those with specialized chemical knowledge, laboratories. Voluntary Organizations Details of organizers, telephone numbers, resources etc Chemical Information Details of the hazardous substances stored or procedure on each site and a summary of the risk associated with them. Meteorological Information Arrangements for obtaining details of weather conditions prevailing at the time and weather forecasts. Humanitarian Arrangements Transport, evacuation centers, emergency feeding, treatment of injured, first aid, ambulances, temporary mortuaries. Public Information Arrangements for dealing with the media press office; informing relatives, etc. Assessment Arrangements for: (a) collecting information on the causes of the emergency; (b) reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan. Role of the Emergency Co-coordinating Officer The various emergency services will be co-ordinate by an emergency coordinating officer (ECO), who will be designated by the District Collector. The ECO will liase closely with the site main controller. Again depending on local arrangements, for very severe incidents with

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major or prolonged off-site consequences, the external control will be passed to a senior local authority administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state government. Role of the Local Authority The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The emergency planning officer (EPO) appointed will carry out his duty in preparing for a whole range of different emergencies within the local authority area. The EPO will liase with the works, to obtain the information to provide the basis for the plan. This liaison will ensure that the plan is continually kept up-to-date. It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organizations which will be involved off site in handling the emergency, know of their role and are able to accept it by having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to cover their particular responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans will be organized by the EPO. Role of Police Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and property and controlling traffic movements. Their functions will include controlling bystanders evacuating the public, identifying the dead and dealing with casualties, and informing relatives of death or injury. Role of Fire Authorities The control of a fire will be normally the responsibility of the senior fire brigade officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the site incident controller on arrival at the site. The senior fire brigade officer will also have a similar responsibility for other events, such as explosions. Fire authorities in the region will be apprised about the location of all stores of flammable materials, water and foam supply points, and fire-fighting equipment. They will be involved in on-site emergency rehearsals both as participants and on occasions, as observes of exercises involving only site personnel. Role of Health Authorities Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, ambulances, and so on, will have a vital part to play following a major accident, and they will form an integral part of the emergency plan.

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For major fires, injuries will be the result of the effects of thermal radiation to a varying degree, and the knowledge and experience to handle this in all but extreme cases may be generally available in most hospitals. Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities additional to those available locally, and a medical “mutual aid “scheme should exist to enable the assistance of neighboring authorities to be obtained in the event of an emergency. Role of Government Safety Authority Factory Inspectors of the region may like to satisfy themselves that the organization responsible for producing the off-site plan has made adequate arrangements for handling emergencies of all types including major emergencies. They may wish to see well documented producers and evidence of exercise undertaken to test the plan. In the event of an accident, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory inspector will apply. These may vary from keeping a watching brief to a close involvement in advising on operations. 7.8 Occupational Health and Safety Large industries, in general, and chemical plants in particular where multifarious activities are involved during construction, erection, testing, commissioning, operation & maintenance, the men, materials and machines are the basic inputs. Along with the boons, the industrialization generally brings several problems like occupational health and safety. Occupational Health Occupational health needs attention both during construction & erection and operation & maintenance phases. However, the problem varies both in magnitude and variety in the above phases. Construction & Erection The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to constructional accident and noise. To overcome these hazards, in addition to arrangements to reduce it within TLV’s personal protective devices should also be supplied to workers. Operation and Maintenance The problem of occupational health, in the operation and maintenance phase is due to Respirable dust and noise. With suitable engineering controls the exposures can be reduced

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to less than TLV limits and proper personnel protective devices should be given to employees. The working personnel should be given the following appropriate personnel protective devices.  Industrial Safety Helmet  Crash Helmets  Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends.  Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue colour glasses  Chemical goggles  Welders equipment for eye & face protection  Cylindrical type earplug  Ear muffs  Dust masks  Canister Gas mask  Self contained breathing apparatus  Leather apron  Aluminized fiber glass fix proximity suit with hood and gloves  Boiler suit  Safety belt/lime man’s safety belt  Leather hand gloves  Asbestos hand gloves  Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves  Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm  Lead hand glove  Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves  Industrial safety shoes with steel toe  Rubber boots (alkali resistant)  Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots Full fledged hospital facilities should be made available round the clock for attending emergency arising out of accidents, if any. All working personnel should be medically examined

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at least once in every year and at the end of his term of employment. This is in addition to the pre-employment medical examination. Safety Plan Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of concern. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency plan. The disaster in the plant is possible due to leakage of hazardous chemicals, collapse of structures and fire/explosion etc. Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance phases, plant has formulated safety policy with the following regulations:  To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions at work;  To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment;  To ensure that adequate safety instruction are given to all employees;  To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing, and to ensure their proper use;  To inform employees about materials equipment or processes used in their work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety;  To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and upto date knowledge;  To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at work;  To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters;  To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service;  To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and incident involving personnel injury or injury to health with a view to taking corrective, remedial and preventive action;  To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees;

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 To publish/notify regulations, instruction and notices in the common language of employees;  To prepare separate safety rules for each types of occupation/processes involved in a project; and  To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all buildings, equipment, work places and operations. Safety Organization Construction & Erection Phase A qualified and experienced safety officer will be appointed. The responsibilities of the safety officers include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and advice on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training programs and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to occupational safety and health. He is also responsible to ensure compliance of works Safety Rules/Statutory Provisions. In addition to employment of safety officer by plant every contractor, who employs more than 70 workers, should also employ one safety officer to ensure safety of the workers, in accordance with the conditions of contract. Operation & Maintenance Phase When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers should be in accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities should be as defined thereof. Safety Circle In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of work. The circle would consist of 5-6 employees from that area. The circle normally should meet for about an hour every week. Safety Training A full fledged training center will be set up. Safety training will be provided by the Safety Officer with the assistance of faculty members called from Corporate Center, Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees, limited contractor labors are also provided safety training. To create safety awareness safety films will be shown to workers and leaflets etc. will be distributed.

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Some precautions and remedial measures proposed to be adopted to prevent fires are:  Compartmentation of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable passages and crevices in all directions would help in localizing and identifying the area of occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual fire fighting operations;  Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for cable shafts;  Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries;  Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and regular fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting; and  Proper fire watching by all concerned would be ensured. Details of Workers Health Check up Pre Employment Test At the time of joining process every new employee under goes Pre Employment medical Test by the qualified doctors. Medical fitness is compulsory to submit the HR department. Frequency of Medical Test of Employees Medical test for all employees will be carried out bi-annually. Sr. Existing Proposed No. Pre Employment Test Post Employment biannual medical Post test Employment biannual medical test 1 Physical Examination Physical Examination Physical  Weight  Weight Examination  Height  Height  Weight  Blood Pressure  Blood Pressure  Height  Chest  Chest  Blood Pressure  Chest 2 Blood Group and RBC test RBC test RBC test 3 Urine Examination Urine Examination Urine Examination 4 Chest X ray Chest X ray Chest X ray 5 Vision test Vision test Vision test 6 Blood Sugar Blood Sugar Blood Sugar 7 ECG ECG ECG 8 Spirometry test Spirometry test Spirometry test 9 Color and Vision Test Color and Vision Test Color and Vision

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Test 10 Audiometry test Audiometry test Audiometry test

Adequate fund INR 5.0 Lakhs per year will be allocated under occupational health and safety plan. Workers' health will be evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations. 7.9 Public Consultation Public Hearing was conducted on 05.01.2019 (Annexure-10). The detailed action plan is given below table:

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Comments/ Commitments made Action and Time Frame S. Name of the by Project Proponent/ Project Issue raised N. Person Consultant/Public Hearing Committee Shri Nanasaheb 1) The village Andori is just 2-3 Project Proponent welcomed the INR 18.95 crore is proposed Under Balkrishna km away from the project. various suggestions. It is promised EMP Nanavare, Pollution is pollution, whether the same in future. Project Time Frame: within one Year Principal, New it is water or air. Proponent further informed that English School, 2) In the presentation, it is shown local schools have been provided Resident of Andori that the CSR fund is funded in with Reverse Osmosis (RO) system There is a provision of INR 5.0 Village, Tal.: the surrounding areas. But the and toilet blocks. Some school Lacks under ESC for School Khandala, Dist.: Project Proponent has not students have been provided with Satara implemented social schemes note books, and other apparatus. It Time Frame : within One Year as expected. They have not is informed that if Educational visited nearly 15 schools in the Institute do inform their priorities area. Other companies do for immediate carry the social welfare work requirements/needs, it can be 1 regularly. fulfilled positively. 3) Project Proponent should control the pollution, but should not avoid their social responsibility. The students of the local areas should be given financial help to complete the educational courses. The nearby Gram Panchayat areas should be provided various pollution free items. 4) The meeting should be arranged in other companies also as arranged here to make Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH7-29

aware common people for pollution control.

Shri Shivaji Jagtap, 1) The various industries have Project Proponent informed that at ---- Resident of Morve, been commissioned after present 1150 KLD water is required Tal.: Khandala, existence of MIDC area. When for the project. After expansion, Dist.: Satara there is industrialization, there there will not be any increase in will be pollution. As wind the requirement of water for the changes direction, there may project. The percentage of Alcohol be threat of air pollution. can be increased up to 14% from 8- Project Proponent could have 9%. The industrial effluent which been carried survey from the will created in the process will eastern side. Now Project treated in Effluent Treatment Plant 2 Proponent plans for & and MEE. It will be recycled and expansion, it will require reused in the process as well as for additional water. It will be gardening. The project is Zero lifted from drinking water Liquid Discharge (ZLD). Hence local reservoir of this area. Hence people should not fear about the local people will get less water project. for drinking purposes. 2) The local people should be given priority while giving job Project Proponent informed that opportunities after expansion since inception of the project, local of the project. people are given priority in the job opportunities.

Shri Bharat Jadhav, The More village is 9.0 km away The suggestion is welcomed by the There is a provision for INR 37.5 Resident of Morve, from the project. The Project Project Proponent. The lacks Under CER activity. 3 Dist.: Satara Proponent should spend the priorities/need of the local people Time Frame: within 2 years fund of CSR as per requirement will be considered while spending in the local area. The local the money of CSR for the social people should be given priorities welfare project. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH7-30

while extending job opportunities.

Shri Ashok While supporting the expansion The Project Proponent has planted There is a provision for INR 37.5 Chandrakant of the project, what are the more than 1000 trees. If the local lacks Under CER activity. Dhayagude, criteria for spending the amount people make available the Time Frame: within 2 years Resident of Andori, of CSR for social welfare space/land, definitely positive Tal.: Khandala, schemes? steps will be taken. Dist.: Satara The suggestions given by 4 Principal Nanaware are supported and should be implemented. The amount should be earmarked for developing greenbelt in the area.

Shri Anil Mahadev 1) The advice of Government Project Proponent answered that There is a provision for INR 7.5 Kudale, President, Department should be sought with the co-operation and lacks under CER programe BJP Khandala for sowing of sampling in the guidance of local people, sapling Taluka Samiti, Dist.: area. The greenbelt should be programme can be implemented. Satara, Local developed on the hill, which is The suggestion of providing water Agriculturist near the village. Separate connection at outside the factory water supply connection can only be implemented after 5 should be provided on the hill studying the arrangement made to maintain the greenbelt. with MIDC. 2) Project Proponent should The suggestion is noted. undertake a pilot project to develop personality of the local children under CSR. One of such projects is in existence at Beed.

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3) As per directives of Hon’ble The suggestion is noted. As Environment Minister, the discussed, during the meeting, the sapling programme should be agreement made with MIDC will implemented. The local people have to be studied first and then have planted and nourished only decision will be taken. the 20 trees at Bhairavnath Hill and now 40 tress should be should be planted and nourished. The Project Proponent should provide water connection at Bhairavnath Hill to nourish the

trees. 4) The people of Lonand thanks Noted. for the assistance rendered by the Project Proponent for the renovation of local Mhasoba Temple.

Shri Yogesh Due to the pollution from the Project Proponent informed that INR 18.95 crore is proposed Under Kuchekar, Resident industry, there is threat to the the project is Zero Liquid Discharge EMP – Maraiwadi, Tal.: nearby villages. The cropping (ZLD). Not a drop of water is Khandala, Dist.: Time Frame: within one Year pattern is also disturbed. Only generated outside the factory. As Satara undertaking the tree plantation per the directives of Central 6 programme is of no use, unless Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the planted trees are nourished. Maharashtra Pollution Control The Project Proponent should Board (MPCB), Online Monitoring make arrangement for providing System is installed and in operation drinking water to the villages which is connected to the server of and for the nourishment of CPCB & MPCB. The prescribed trees. standards are maintained for air

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pollution. As discussed earlier, for taking water connection outside MIDC area will have to discussed with the Competent Authority and then only it can be implemented. H Madhu Babu, An The project is Zero Liquid The suggestions are noted and will There is a provision for INR 7.5 Environmentalist Discharge (ZLD) and hence the be implemented. lacks under CER programe from Hyderabad project is welcomed. While developing green belt, the medicinal plants should be developed. The local species should be planted. The requirement of any particular 7 village for social development programme should be studied and then only implemented through CSR. The directives of the MPCB and CPCB should be followed strictly. The suggestions in the writing is handed to the Committee. Shri Vishwas Before starting the procedure of Project Proponent informed that - Shirtude, Director, the meeting, the participant are almost all workers appointed in the Krishi-Utpan Bajar directed to raise any suggestion project are local people only. The Samiti, or objection on the person and agency who are Lonand, Resident of environmental issues of the throwing Barley will be informed 8 Lonand, Dist.: industry only is suppression of immediately. Utmost precaution Satara the Public Hearing Committee. will be taken to avoid any nuisance The trucks carrying barley is to local people. always unloaded in the bank colony at Ward No.11. The Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH7-33

waste lies uplifted. Hence people residing in the vicinity suffers. The land of the local farmers is acquired by MIDC for developing the industrial zone. Hence the list of the local people working in the project should be made available. The industries are essential for the development, but not a single worker from Lonand village is appointed in the project. The people of Lonand welcomes the expansion of the project. Shri Harshavardhan 1) Thanks for arranging this Public Noted. There is a provision for INR 37.5 Anandrao Shelke Hearing Meeting. The study of lacks Under CER activity.

Patil, Resident of local villages are carried in the Time Frame: within 2 years Lonand, Dist.: EIA. The people of Satara Chamarwadi, Padegaon should be taken in confidence while

implementing social welfare

9 schemes under CSR. The Project Proponent do provide Reverse Osmosis (RO) System in the winter. The precaution for not spreading waste barley should be taken. The suggestion will be implemented immediately. 2) The Project Proponent should A local person will be made treat local people with dignity. available to stand on the main gate Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH7-34

A Local Person be made with security personnel. available at the main gate with security personnel who knows the local people to avoid misunderstanding. 3) The Head wise expenditure of CSR should be made available. The suggestion is noted. The CSR amount will be Spent as per the priorities given by local people.

4) The Environment Camp like The suggestions are noted. this be arranged at other industries also to make local people aware of the pollution problems.

Shri Devidas Kisan The survey of Pimpare village for Noted the suggestion. -- Chavan, Ex- water and air is not carried till to sarpanch, Pimpare date. The water of small Budruk, Resident of canal/odha is observed black in Pimpare Budruk, colour. Even if in rainy season Dist-Satara also, the black colour water is 10 released. The crop of chilly and tomato were observed not upto desired quality and now it is not growing. The scientific study for the same should be undertaken immediately.

11 Shri Ravindra The Project Proponent has spent The point is noted. - Ramesh Kshirsagar, nearly Rupees 8.5 (Rupees Eight Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd., Hyderabad CH7-35

Resident of Lonand, Lakh Fifty thousand) to built the Dist-Satara toilet blocks in some schools in the local area.

Shri Kali Mulllha, 1) Due to expansion, the use of The Project Proponent informed There is a provision for INR 4.0 Resident of Lonand, coal for burning will increase. that the prescribed standards as lacks Under EMP for Air Pollution Dist-Satara Hence the huge coal smoke laid down by CPCB and MPCB are control. should be avoided. maintained. The Online Monitoring Time Frame: within 2 years System is in operation and connection of it is connected to the server of MPCB and CPCB. There is a provision for INR 37.5 lacks Under CER activity. 2) The Project Proponent is As discussed during the meeting, wholeheartedly implementing the local people will be taken into Time Frame: within 2 years the social welfare schemes confidence and priorities will be under CSR. The budget of CSR decided for work under CSR. should be increased. The 12 programme of cleaning of local nallas passing through the villages be taken in hand. The amount should be earmarked for tree plantation. 3) It is observed that in many The suggestion is Welcomed. It is processing units the sudden fire informed that the Project incidences occurs; Hence Fire Proponent has already purchased Brigade and Ambulance should the ambulance van which will be in be made available to avoid operation in few days. The further mishap. discussion with Competent Authority is under process for purchasing the Fire brigade Vehicle.

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Shri Ankush Baba Project Proponent should Noted. Pawar, Resident of purchase the grain from the 13 Hal village, Dist- local farmers only. Satara

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CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS

8.0 INTRODUCTION The proposed Expansion plants would bring forth many positive socio-economic improvements due to its varied production line comprising of: 8.1 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE  This project will improve the overall physical infrastructure in this area Rain water harvesting will be done for groundwater recharging that will improve the ground water table in the area.  The availability of ground water will be a boon to the surrounding vegetable and other product farmers.  PIL shall maintain the roads in good conditions so that the road connectivity will improve for surface transport, villagers will be benefitted.  Greening drive in the area will remove the barren land configuration and give a pleasant look and improve biodiversity 8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

 Proposed project will not disturb the existing pattern of demographic structure  No R & R Plan is required as the industry will be located in barren land already procured.  By the presence of this industry, local transporters will have business.  The villagers will have employment opportunity and livelihood and basic amenity support for better future.  Overall business environment will grow which will ensure improvement in banking insurance, investment and courier services.  Fire fighting facilities will be now more easily available at doorstep of villagers.  Education level of local community is expected to rise due to flow of funds and avenues of livelihood being available.  Improvement in primary health centers (PHC) will help in health status of residents in this area. Augmentation in the areas of medical facilities will occur.  Health awareness may also help in family planning decision making. Living in harmony is an impotent aspect of the society, this will become possible by this venture

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 The corporate social responsibilities (CSR) initiatives are focused on employees, the communities around its facilities and the environment running these activities. Providing vocational training to make them self-sufficient

 Unit will actively support the efforts of primary education to the children’s of economically weaker sections of the society. More opportunity in the field of education  On the environment front active drive of tree plantations across villages and training lectures in-house undertaken 8.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

 Proposed industry expansion and its supporting activities need many types of people right from manual to managerial strength in a pyramid.  The raw material growing and caring may need unskilled and skilled workers. Project activities will require skilled, semi skilled and unskilled workers.  The overall potential including garage, loading unloading and small shop owners is substantial. The local people can get a good share out of these opportunities.  It is expected that additional people will get employment. Increase Job opportunities for the local people as well as immigrants.  Employment in tertiary sector is expected to be improved in the region.  There would be increase in the commercial, business and shopping centers due to influx of population in the region to cater the needs of existing population.  There may be a development of infrastructural facilities due to proposed activity in the region.  It would also result in the appreciation of land values around these areas.  Indirect benefit to the local people by providing opportunities for starting small / medium scale business in trade and commerce.  Overall improvement of the peripheral human habitat in the project area. 8.4 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS

 Both tangible and non-tangible benefits will result from this activity and many of those are described as above.  Flood control by rain water arresting and harvesting. Erosion control by nalla training, terracing and bonding.  Groundwater levels increase by recharging by rainwater harvesting.

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 Time saving by quicker transport available in the area.  Aesthetics improvement by general greenery with emphasis on biodiversity.  Developed economy strengthens demographic set up that will bring weightage to secure better school-subsidy and health institute.  Improved safety security in surrounding with better law and order.  Symbiosis and sustainable development will be the ultimate objectives of the proposed project.

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Final EIA for Enhancement in Production of Grain Based Distillery (100 KLPD to 130 KLPD) at existing premises i.e Plot No. B-1, M.I.D.C. Lonand, KhandalaMandal, Satara District in the State of Maharashtra M/s. Privilege Industries Limited

CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

9.1 INTRODUCTION

Not required as this doesn’t comes under scope.

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CHAPTER 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.0 INTRODUCTION The environmental management plan consists of the set of mitigation, management, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation to eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels. The present environmental management plan addresses the components of environmental affected during construction of the plant and by the different activities forming part of the manufacturing processes. Environmental Policy i. Overall conservation of environment. ii. Minimization of waste generation and pollution. iii. Judicious use of natural resources and water. iv. Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace. v. Ensure effective operation of all control measures. vi. Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents. vii. Monitoring of cumulative and long time impacts. viii. Ensure effective operation of all control measures. Annual review of the entire system and various environment management as well as process control and monitoring systems shall be done. Environment monitoring shall be done to collect the data on air, water, soil, noise etc. and duly recorded. Environmental Management Plan which shall be implemented is detailed under the following heads: i. Pollution Control Systems ii. Waste Minimization and Resource Conservation iii. Occupational Health and Safety iv. Socio-Economic Development v. Greenbelt Development Plan Standards operating procedures, formats will be developed and records will be maintained. Provision of internal audit will be made. Any NCs/Observation will be directly conveyed to Management and accordingly corrective and preventive action will be taken.

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10.1 POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM Detailed study of the pre-project commissioning environment and also the likely (and predicted) implications after the plant commissioning suggests that the following preventive/control measures are considered necessary to reduce the adverse impact to the utmost practicable limit. 10.1.1 Air Environment i. Stack height would be approx.. 50 m for gaseous emission confirming to the CPCB norms. D. G. Sets, stack height of 3.0 m above the roof level will be maintained. ii. Stack emission level will be kept within permissible limit by installation of ESP and online stack emission monitoring will be done. iii. Ambient air quality and stack emission would be regularly monitored and effective control exercised, so as to keep limits on stack emission loads would be met honestly at all the time. iv. In order to avoid fugitive emissions from different sources, water will be sprayed. Also the roads within the premises will be concreted to prevent dust emission. v. The ambient air monitoring will be carried out regularly in the work zone and surrounding areas, to check that ambient air levels of the contaminants, are well below the stipulated norms. vi. Green belt around the periphery and within premises will be developed which will help in attenuating the pollutants emitted by the plant. 10.1.2 Action Plan to Control Fugitive Emission Main source of fugitive emissions is transportation of men and material during operational phase of project. To control fugitive emissions following measures shall be adopted: i. In order to avoid fugitive emissions from different sources spraying of water shall be used, ii. The roads within the premises will be concreted / paved to avoid vehicular emissions, iii. All transportation vehicles shall carry a valid PUC (Pollution under Control) Certificate, iv. Proper servicing and maintenance of vehicles will be carried out, v. Regular sweeping of all the roads and floors will be done, vi. 33% of the total plant area will be developed as green area. Green belt act as surface for settling of dust particle and thus will reduce the particulate matter in air, and

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vii. Ambient air quality will be regularly monitored and effective control exercised, so as to keep emission within the limits. (Table 10.1). Table 10.1: Action Plan to Control Fugitive Emissions S. No. Emissions Sources Management measures 1. Vehicular emissions  Paved roads  Regular sweeping  Water sprinkling through mobile tankers CPCB Guidelines will be followed 10.1.3 Waste Water Environment The proposed project would be based on “Zero Liquid Discharge” (ZLD). 10.1.4 Solid Waste Environment Process Waste Fly ash will be sold to brick manufactures. DWGS/DDGS will be sold as cattle feed.

10.1.5 Noise Environment Various components of industrial operations will cause some amount of noise, which will be controlled by proper maintenance and compact technology. i. Time to time oiling and servicing of machineries will be done. ii. Acoustic enclosure for Turbine and D.G. sets will be provided. iii. Green belt development (plantation of dense trees across the boundary) will help in reducing noise levels in the plant as a result of attenuation of noise generated due to plant operations, and transportation. 10.1.6 Green Belt Development Green belt planning will be done with ecological perspectives for plant of PIL plant taking into consideration the nature of pollutants, availability of space and dominant wind directions. Recommendations given by expert committee on plantation requirements in the premises of the plant would be fully implemented. This will help in reducing the concentration of pollutants and will also be effective in attenuating noise levels. PIL has social obligation to recreate the environmental status by providing thick green cover to suppress fugitive emission and provide aesthetic beauty. Trees form the important part of the biosphere in the Eco-system. It will be exercised as follows:

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i. Green belt development in and around the project site will help in to attenuate the pollution level. ii. Out of the total plant area 33% land will be utilized for green belt development and plantation will be done as per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Norms. iii. Native species will be given priority for Avenue plantation. iv. The periphery will be devoted to generation of green belt area. 10.1.6.1 Eco System Environment, which is the sum of both non-living and living factors existing at a place, interacts and influences the ecology of the area. Ecology is an important component comprising of flora (vegetation and micro plant species) and fauna (wildlife and terrestrial micro organisms). The biotic or physical factors include topography, soils, climate etc that are influenced by natural perils and/or pollution. On the other hand, biotic factors include living things such as flora, fauna, wildlife and human beings. A change in the physical factors can bring about a change in the biotic factors thereby changing the ecology of the area. Living beings generally adapted to a particular setting (habitat or ecosystem) and are organized into natural groupings (communities) with mutual dependencies among their members. An ecosystem comprises of both plant and animal populations that involve total nutrient and energy economics associated with the entire system. A series of recognizable ecosystem alterations, called ecological successions, may occur due to certain imposed changes in the natural community. Living beings show various responses and sensitivities to outside influences resulting in an ecological imbalance or change in habitat or ecosystem. Moreover, changes in pollution levels due to project activities may also alter the ecology of the environment. Project activities may produce adverse ecological impact of direct or indirect nature, which can be either short term or long term, depending on the nature of the action. Although every impacted environment has some recovery potential, the extent of recovery would depend on the type, degree and location of the impact as well as on mitigative measures initiated to achieve recovery. Generally, short-term impacts are immediate and direct result of environmental changes that may occur at the inception of the proposed project. These changes may be self- corrective through natural recovery processes, after the completion of the construction

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phase. On the other hand, long-term impacts result from major indirect environmental changes, which are caused during the operational phase of a project. 10.1.6.2Plantation Techniques Green belt will be developed within the Plant premises covering a total area of about 26725.0 sq.m of total Plant area. The plantation work for green belt development will be carried out as per CPCB guidelines, local species would be preferred. 10.1.6.3Aftercare and Monitoring Investment on reclamation would be futile without adequate and timely aftercare. Aftercare includes weeding, soil working, mulching and fertilizing, and if possible, irrigation to promote better growth of the planted seedlings. The vegetated area would be protected from grazing of animals until the plants are above the level of damage. Wherever necessary, fencing would be erected on the boundaries of reclaimed areas. Monitoring of the programme is the only way to improve both the long-term and short-term planning. It involves two important aspects, namely site investigation and record keeping. 10.1.6.4Baseline data and Potential Impacts of the Study Area The flora and fauna of an area shows a certain affinity to the existing environmental setting. Due to the proposed facility, there could probably be a change in the environmental surroundings for a short duration due to the construction phase and for a long term due to the operation of the project activities. Thus, in order to predict the ecological impacts from the proposed project, it is necessary to detail the baseline data. The potential impacts on the ecology of the study area are discussed below: i. As no wastewater from the proposed project will be discharged outside the premises, there will be no impact on the ecology of the study area due to wastewater arisen from the proposed project. ii. The flora and fauna of the area could be disturbed if the various air pollutants discharged from the proposed facility would not be maintained within specified permissible limits. But project authority has already mentioned the adequate stack height, etc. Thus, the potential impact of air emission can be rated as no impact. iii. Moreover, the proposed green belt would help in reducing the adverse impacts further if any. iv. On the periphery of the plant a series of trees will also be planted.

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10.1.6.5 Recommendation on Green Belt Development A green belt or tree plantation around the proposed plant shall help to arrest the effects of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in the area besides playing a major role in environmental conservation efforts. Green belt development and plantation programme for the proposed project shall also be a part of the proposed plan. For effective control of air pollutants in and around the proposed industry, a suitable green belt will be developed by taking into consideration the following criteria. The green belt would; a. Mitigate gaseous emissions b. Have sufficient capability to arrest accidental release. c. Effective in wastewater reuse. d. Maintain the ecological balance. Total Green belt Area: 2.67 ha Existing Plants= 2864 nos. Plantation Proposed: 1141 nos. within first year a. Control noise pollution to a considerable extent. b. Prevent soil erosion. c. Improve the aesthetics. PIL will maintain the 33% of the total plot area as Green Belt. Local and fast growing species will be planted (Neem, Aam, Mango, Banyan tree etc.). Two tier plantations will be done all along the plant boundary. Local and fast growing species will be planted (Neem, Aam, Mango, Banyan and Ashoka trees etc.). Regularly check the plantation growth and survival rate of the plants. Depending upon survival rate re-plantation will be done to maintain the 85% survival rate of the greenbelt. Plant layout alongwith revised Green belt is given in Figure 10.1.

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Figure 10.1: Greenbelt/Green Cover Plan

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10.1.7 Occupational Health and Safety Production of Material involves storage handling and use of several chemicals. Some of these chemicals are toxic and hazardous in nature. Information about these chemicals is therefore important for the safety of the employees and the plant. Besides, the health status of the employees is also important which may be affected due to exposure to these chemicals. The exposures may be sudden and accidental or for a long period. In both of the cases there will be different health effects. Therefore safety measures dealing with these chemicals are of vital importance and will be followed judiciously. 1. In order to ensure good health of workers, regular health check-up of the plant workers will be carried out. 2. Occupational health surveillance programme will be taken as a regular exercise for all the employees and their records maintained. 3. Proper storage and handling precautions will be taken. The storage area will be cool, dry and well ventilated away from any source of heat, flame or oxidizers. 4. Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) will be encouraged. Proper training on use of PPEs, characteristics of the material handled and safety precautions to be adopted will be given to the workers. 5. Fire safety measures will be incorporated within the factory premises. All the fire

extinguishing media such as water, dry chemicals, CO2, sand, dolomite, etc. will be kept in vital locations. 6. Mock drills will be arranged for the worker to test the effectiveness of the training program from time to time and the way to react in case of emergency. 7. Safety precautions will be displayed in the premises on the banners, boards etc. 8. Both On-site and Off-site emergency preparedness plan will be drawn. 10.1.8 Personnel Protective Equipments Goggles: The workers will be asked to use goggles who work on washing of bottles, filling, sealing of bottles cap for protection of their eyes in case bottles are broken. Rubber Gumboots: These will be provided to person who handles sulphuric acid. Full suit having hand-gloves, goggles, helmet and aprons will be provided.

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Face Shield Helmet: The person deputed for welding work will be provided with face shield helmet. Medical Facilities The Factory will be provided with the following medical facilities to handle any emergency: 1. Well equipped First Aid Boxes will be provided in each Section of the factory. 2. The First Aid Boxes will be distinctively marked with a Red Cross on green background and contain the following equipment/accessories: a) Small sterilized dressings. b) Medium size sterilized dressings c) Large size sterilized dressings d) Large size sterilized burn dressings e) Packets sterilized cotton f) Snake bite Lancet g) Pair of scissors h) Bottle of Potassium Permanganate i) Bottle containing 2% of alcoholic solution of iodine. j) Bottle of Sol. Volatile having the dose and mode of administration indicated on the label k) One copy of first aid leaf-let l) Bandages n) Adhesive plaster o) Triangular bandage p) Packets of safety pins q) Supply of suitable splints r) One tournequet In case of need factory will be having dispensary to give effective medical facility to workers. In dispensary, sufficient stock of medicines will be available to provide to workers in case of any major emergent situation. We will keep one Registered Medical Practitioner (Qualified Medical Officer) as In-charge of the Dispensary with a Qualified Compounder. A vehicle will be always available to shift the sick/injured person to District Hospital.

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10.2 OVERALL RECOMMENDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 10.2.1 Introduction The mitigation measures suggested in earlier Chapters 4 are to be implemented so as to reduce the impact on the environment due to proposed project. The implementation of these recommendations could be done in phases so that, the most important mitigation measures would be implemented first and the mitigation measures, which are less important, could be implemented later. Along with the implementation of these mitigation measures, monitoring schedule and infrastructural requirements for environmental protection detailed in previous chapter are important for environmental control measures. 10.2.2 Implementation Schedule and Environmental Management Cell. Proposed expansion will be completed within 1.0 years from zero date. Environment monitoring and implementation measures shall be supervised by environment management cell. Environmental Management cell structure is given in Figure 10.2.

Plant Head

Manager Production

Environmental Engineer

Environmental Officer

Figure10.2: Environmental Management Cell 10.2.3 Budget for Implementation Environment Management Plan (Existing) Details of environment management plan are given in Table 10.2 Table 10.2: EMP Budget Recurring Cost Capital Cost S. No. Item /Annum(Lac) (Lac) 1 Air Pollution Control 130 400 2 Water Pollution Control 45 1455 3 Noise Pollution Control 0.15 3 4 Environment Monitoring and 2 3

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Management 5 Occupational Health 5 10 6 Green Belt 2.75 10 7 Safety Management 0.5 10 8 Laboratory and chemicals 30 3 Total 215.4 1894

10.2.4 Justification of Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) PIL earmarked more than 1.5% of the project cost (expansion cost i.e INR 25 Crores) which is INR 37.5 lakhs towards Enterprise Social Commitment. The following needs have been requested by surrounding villagers during the public hearing and the same will be fulfilled by the project Proponent. These activities will be completed within 7 months from the zero date. Activity Identified(under Proposed Expansion) ESC Budget (Lakhs) Drinking Water facility in nearby Villages 10.0 Health Checkups to nearby Villages 5.0 Education 5.0 Vocational Skill Development programmes 10.0 Plantation in surrounding villages 7.5 Total 37.5

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CHAPTER 11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

11.0 INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process, used to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision making tool, which guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects. EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the proposed project and ensure that these impacts are taken into account during the project designing. 11.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Notification S.O. 1533, 14-09-2006 issued by MoEFCC, Government of India, the proposed distillery expansion project is categorized as Category – A project, which mandates obtaining prior Environmental Clearance from MoEFCC, GOI, NEW DELHI. 11.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE PIL submitted the application for Environmental Clearance as per the new notification along with prescribed Form1, proposed Terms of Reference for EIA study and pre-Feasibility report. The Expert Appraisal Committee considered the project and issued the Standard Terms of References vide letter no. IA-J-11011/381/2007-IA-II (I) on dated 5th August 2018. 11.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT The proposed project is enhancement in production of Distillery 100 KLPD to 130 KLPD. Project Proponents Privilege Industries Limited (PIL) was incorporated in 2005 with a vision to garner a reputation in excellence, innovation and consistency in the spirit and beverage industry. Distilling and Brewing are our forte and we have built a foundation on high quality, best practices and cutting edge technology. With passion and drive to succeed, coupled with some exquisite blends - the possibilities are endless. 11.4 MITIGATION MEASURES 11.4.1AIR Pollution Control Measures Following measures will be taken to control air/fugitive pollution during operation: i. Stack height would be approx.50 m for gaseous emission confirming to the CPCB norms. D. G. Sets, stack height of 3.0 m above the roof level will be maintained.

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ii. Stack emission levels will be kept within permissible limit by installation of ESP and online stack emission monitoring will be done. iii. Ambient air quality and stack emission would be regularly monitored and effective control exercised, so as to keep limits on stack emission loads would be met honestly at all the time. iv. In order to avoid fugitive emissions from different sources, water will be sprayed. Also the roads within the premises will be concreted to prevent dust emission. v. The ambient air monitoring will be carried out regularly in the work zone and surrounding areas, to check that ambient air levels of the contaminants, are well below the stipulated norms. vi. Green belt around the periphery and within premises will be developed which will help in attenuating the pollutants emitted by the plant. 11.4.2 Water Quality Management The proposed project would be based on “Zero Liquid Discharge” (ZLD) 11.4.3 Noise Pollution Control Various components of industrial operations will cause some amount of noise, which will be controlled by proper maintenance and compact technology. i. Time to time oiling and servicing of machineries will be done. ii. Acoustic enclosure for Turbine and D.G. sets will be provided. iii. Green belt development (plantation of dense trees across the boundary) will help in reducing noise levels in the plant as a result of attenuation of noise generated due to plant operations, and transportation. 11.4.4 Greenbelt Development and Plantation Details of the Greenbelt development plan have been incorporated in Chapter 10 (EMP) of section 10.1.6. 11.5CONCLUSION As discussed, it is safe to say that the project is not likely to cause any significant impact on the ecology of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to contain the various pollutants within permissible limits. Green belt development around the area will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigative technique, as well as to control the pollutants released from the premises of the project. ------

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12.0 INTRODUCTION The consultant engaged for the preparation of the EIA/EMP of the project is M/s Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. Realizing the need for multi-disciplinary and pragmatic approach To environment management, a few dedicated experience started M/s Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. company as a consultancy organization in 2006 registered as company and ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company and accreditation by NABET. Our team consists of specialists in environmental consulting, regulatory compliance and review, site investigation, emergency response, environmental laboratory, site assessment, and data usability-related experience. These individuals have worked together on similar projects, and the leaders have been commended by their clients for accomplishment on other successful projects. M/s Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. has its own Environmental laboratory with a name of KIWIS Eco Laboratory at Pragathi Nagar Hyderabad under EPA (Environmental Protection Act) from the MoEFCC, Govt. of India, New Delhi and by National Accreditation Board for testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL). The list of the project team has been summarized below: S.No. Name & Designation Qualification Experience

1 Dr. Ch. Rajani Kumari M. Sc. Ph.D. (Environment 17 years of experience in the field of (Managing Director) Science) EIA Studies and Environmental EIA Coordinator and FAE (EB, Management AQ, WP & ISW) 2 Mr. Subramanyam Adapa M.Tech. (Env. Engg.), 16 years of experience in the field of (Executive Director) EIA Studies and Environmental EIA Coordinator & FAE (AP, Management. AQ, LU and N) 3 Mr. Vipin Kumar M.Tech. (Env. Engg.) 11 years of experience in the field of (General Manager) EIA Studies and Environmental EIA Coordinator & FAE (AP, Management. AQ & SHW) 4 Mr. Vishnu Sharma B. Tech. (Chemical) 10 Years of Experience in the field of EIA Coordinator & FAE (WP & EIA studies and Environmental RH) Management.

5 Ms. Reshma Thakur M.Tech. (Env. Engg.) 14 years of experience in the field of EIA Coordinator & FAE (MSW) EIA Studies and Environmental Management.

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6 Mr. I Durga Prasad M. Sc. Approved FAE in Socio Economy More than 40 Years of Experience

7 Mr. A. Mohan Reddy MSW Approved FAE in Socio Economy More than 4 Years of Experience 8 Mr. Sundara Rao M. Sc. Approved FAE in Soil Conservation

9 Mr. N. H. Reddy M.Tech. Approved FAE in Hydrogeology and Geology More than 20Years of Experience 10 Mr. K. Rajesham M.Sc. (Env. Sc. & Tech.) FAA for WP in SW More than 2 years of experience 11 Dr. Desi Sreekanth M.Sc., Ph. D Approved FAE for WP Team Member& having 6 years of Experience 12 Dr. Siva Ramakrishana D M.Sc., Ph.D Team Member (Proposed for WP, AP) More than 6 years of experience 13 Dr. Nalini Vijayalaxmi M.Sc., Ph.D Team Member (Proposed for WP, AP) More than 2 years of experience 14 Mr. Ahamad Alisha Md. M.Sc. (Env. Sc.) Team Member (Proposed for WP, AP) More than 2 years of experience

15 Mr.M. Chaitanya Babu M.Sc. (Env Sc.) Team Member (Proposed for MSW &AP) More than 4 years of experience 16 Mr. Rajesh Mankar B. E., PGDEM Team Member (Proposed for NV, AP& AQ) More than 15 years of experience 17 Mr. T. Manideep M. Tech. Env. Management Team Member (FAE for AP, AQ, SW) More than 4 years of experience

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