DOCSLIB.ORG

Article 10361 D15d722198b20b

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Article 10361 D15d722198b20b 23 ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ( ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي) ، ﺟﻠﺪ 36 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 92 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻟﻔﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز و ﺑﺘﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز در دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ Agriolimax agrestis L. (Stylommatophora: Limacidae) ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻔﻲ2 و ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﺎري1* 1 - داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن 2* - ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺆول : اﺳﺘ ﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن ( [email protected]) ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : /1 11/ 90 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : 91/12/12 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه راب ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي ﻳﻜﻲ از آﻓﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﺒﺰﻳﺠﺎت در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ . آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ آﻓﺎت اﻫﺪاف ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ آﻓﺖ ﻛﺶ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺮارﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ آﻓﺎت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ و وﻳﮋﮔﻲ- ﻫﺎي آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد . در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ آﻟﻔﺎ - ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز و ﺑﺘﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز در ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ وﻳﮋه ﺑﺘﺎ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز در روده ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آن در ﻏﺪد ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻣﻘﺪار pH ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻟﻔﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛ ﻮزﻳﺪاز در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش ( ﻣﺮي و ﺣﻔﺮه دﻫﺎﻧﻲ) 6 ، در روده 5 ﺗﺎ 6 و در ﻏﺪد ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ 6 ﺗﺎ 7 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ pH ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش 5 ، در روده 6 و در ﻏﺪد ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ 4 ﺗﺎ 6 ﺑﻮد . ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻟﻔﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪا ز در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش 60 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻴﻮس ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ . در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺘﺎ - ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش 40 ، در روده 50 ﺗﺎ 60 و در ﻏﺪد ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ 50 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻴﻮس ﺑﻮد . ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘ ﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان Km آﻟﻔﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش 44/2 ، در روده 44/1 و در ﻏﺪد ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ 3/28 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻر ﺑﻮد . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ Km آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﺑﺘﺎ - ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارش 24/1 ، در روده 17/1 و در ﻏﺪد ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ 94/0 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻر ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ زاﻳﻤﻮﮔﺮام ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ آﻟﻔﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز و ﺑﺘﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮ زﻳﺪاز ﻏﺪد ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ داراي ﻳﻚ و دو اﻳﺰوﻓﺮم ﺑﻮد . ﻛﻠﻴﺪ واژه ﻫﺎ : راب ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي، آﻟﻔﺎ - ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز، ﺑﺘﺎ - ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز، ﻏﺪد ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ و روده ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﮔﻠــــــﻮﻛﺰي از آرﻳــــــﻞ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳــــــﺪﻫﺎ ( ﻧﻈﻴــــــﺮ -p ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳـــﺪازﻫﺎ ﺷـــﺎﻣﻞ آﻧـــﺰﻳﻢ ﻫـــﺎﻳﻲ ﻣـــﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـــﻨﺪ nitrophenyl- α- D-glucoside، دي ﻛــــــــﻪ اﻟﻴﮕﻮﺳــــــــﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪﻫﺎ و دي ﺳــــــــﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪﻫﺎ را ﺳــــﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻳــــﺎ اﻟﻴﮕﻮﺳــــﺎﻛﺎ رﻳﺪﻫﺎ ) را ﻛﺎﺗــــﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣــــﻲ ﻫﻴـــﺪروﻟﻴﺰ ﻣـــﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـــﺪ . ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮزﻳـــﺪازﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤـــﻮﻻً ﺑـــﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـــﺪ. اﻳـــﻦ آﻧـــﺰﻳﻢ ﻫـــﺎ ﺑـــﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧـــﻲ درﻣﻮﺟـــﻮدات ١ اﺳــــﺎس ﻣﻨﻮﺳــــﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻧــــﺎمﮔــــﺬاري ﻣــــﻲﺷــــﻮﻧﺪ و ﻳﺎﻓــــﺖ ﻣــــﻲ ﺷــــﻮﻧﺪ ( ﺗــــﺮا و ﻓﺮﻳــــﺮا ، 1994 ) . آﻟﻔــــﺎ- ﮔﻠـــــﻮﻛﺰ ﺣﺎﺻـــــﻞ از ﻋﻤـــــﻞ آﻧـــــﺰﻳﻢ و ﺷﻜﺴـــــﺖ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳــــﺪازﻫﺎ در دﺳــــﺘﮕﺎه ﮔــــﻮارش ﺗﻌــــﺪادي از ﺑﺎﻧـــﺪﻫﺎي آﻧﻬـــﺎ از ﻧﺎﺣﻴـــﻪ آﻟﻔـــﺎ ﻳـــﺎ ﺑﺘـــﺎ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳـــﺪ ﺣﻠـــﺰون ﻫـــﺎ و رابﻫـــﺎ ﻳﺎﻓـــﺖ ﻣـــﻲﺷـــﻮﻧﺪ و ﺗـــﺎﻛﻨـــﻮن ﺣﺎﺻـــﻞ ﻣـــﻲ ﺷـــﻮد. آﻟﻔـــﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳـــﺪازﻫﺎ ( EC ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘــــﺎت ﻛﻤــــﻲ در اﻳــــﻦ زﻣﻴﻨــــﻪ اﻧﺠــــﺎم ﺷــــﺪه و 3.2.1.20 ) ﻫﻴـــــــــــﺪروﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧـــــــــــﺪه α-1و4 1 - Terra & Ferreira 24 ﺷﺮﻳﻔﻲ و ﻗﺪﻣﻴﺎ ري : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻟﻔﺎ ...- وﻳﮋﮔــــﻲ ﻫــــﺎي اﻳــــﻦ آﻧــــﺰﻳﻢ در ﺳﻴﺴــــﺘﻢ ﮔﻮارﺷــــﻲ 1969 .) ﮔــــﺰارش ﺷــــﺪه و ﻣــــﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــــﻪ ﻗــــﺮار ﺣﻠــــــــــــــﺰون ﻗﻬــــــــــــــﻮه اي ﻣﺮﻛﺒــــــــــــــﺎت ﮔﺮﻓﺘـــــﻪ اﺳـــــﺖ . ﺑﺘﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳـــــﺪازﻫﺎ ﻫﻴـــــﺪروﻟﻴﺰ β - Caucasotachea lencoranea) 4-1 ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧــــــﺪه ﻣﻨﻮﺳــــــﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪﻫﺎ از ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮزﻳــــــﺪﻫﺎ ((Stylommatophora: Helicidae) ، را ﻛﺎﺗــــﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣــــﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳــــﺪ . از اﻳــــﻦ رو ﺑــــﺎ ﺗﻮﺟــــﻪ ﺑــــﻪ راب ﺳـــــﻴﺎه اروﭘـــــﺎﻳﻲ .Arion ater L) ﻣﻨﻮﺳــــﺎﻛﺎرﻳﺪي ﻛــــﻪ از زﻧﺠﻴــــﺮه ﺟــــﺪا ﻣــــﻲ ﺷــــﻮد، ((Gastropoda: Arionidae) و راب ﺑﺘﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳــــﺪاز ﻧــــﺎم ﮔــــﺬاري ﻣــــﻲ ﺷــــﻮد ( ﺗــــﺮا و Incilaria bilineata (Gastropoda: ﻓﺮﻳﺮا، 1994 ). ). (Philomycidae ﻣــــﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳــــﻲ ﻗــــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘــــﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت زﻳﺎدي در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻲ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي اﺳـــﺖ و pH ﺑﻬﻴﻨـــﻪ ﺑـــﺮاي اﻳـــﻦ آﻧـــﺰﻳﻢ در ﺷـــﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ ﺣﺸﺮات آﻓﺖ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ در ﺣﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم اﺳــﻴﺪي ﮔــﺰارش ﺷـــﺪه اﺳــﺖ ( ﺑـــﻲ ﻏــﻢ و ﻫﻤﻜـــﺎران، ١ اﺳﺖ . اﻣﺎ در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺘﻨﺎن آﻓﺖ 1389 ؛ اواﻧــــــﺲ و ﺟــــــﻮﻧﺰ ، 1962 ؛ ﻳﺎﻣﺎﺳــــــﺎﻛﻲ و ٢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻤﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻮ ، 1998 ). ). ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮدن وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ- ﺑﺘــــﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳــــﺪاز داراي ﻧــــﺎم ﻫــــﺎي دﻳﮕــــﺮي ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ راب .Agriolimax agrestis L ﻣﻲ - ﺷــــﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻨﺘﻮﺑﻴــــﻮز و ﺳــــﻠﻮﺑﻴﻮز ﻧﻴــــﺰ ﻣــــﻲ ﺑﺎﺷــــﺪ . ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ در ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ و ﺟﺬب ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﺑﺘﺎﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳــــــﺪاز در ﻫﻤــــــﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫــــــﺎن، ﺟــــــﺎﻧﻮران، در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه ﻗــــﺎرچ ﻫــــﺎ و ﺑــــﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻫــــﺎ وﺟــــﻮد دارد ( اﺳــــﻦ، ٣ دارﻧﺪ و از اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ در ﺣﻔﻆ ﺑﻘﺎ و ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ 1993 ) . در ﺣﻠـــــــﺰون ﻫـــــــﺎ و راب ﻫـــــــﺎ ، ﺑﺘـــــــﺎ- ٧ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ( ﺟﻮرج و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ، 2008 ). ﻳﻜﻲ از روش- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳـــــﺪاز از ﮔﻮﻧـــــﻪ ﻫـــــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـــــﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـــــﺪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آﻓﺎت در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ، ﺣﻠـــــــﺰون ﺑـــــــﺰرگ ﻏﻨـــــــﺎﻳﻲ Achatina) :achatina ( Stylommatophora اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻘﺎوم و ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺮارﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ارﻗﺎم ((A. fulica ،Achatinidae و A. ater ، ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ روي زﻧﺪﮔﻲ آﻓﺖ و ﻳﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺣﻠــــﺰون ﺳــــﻴﺐ Pila ovata Olivier) ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه- ﺟﺎﻧﻮر ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ و از ﺷﺪت ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﻲ ((Architaenioglossa: Ampullariidae) ، ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪ . ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ در اﻳﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ Lymnaea natalensis) از ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ آﻓﺖ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ، ((Hygrophila: Lymnaeidae) ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻳﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘ ﻔﺎده از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ (Biomphalaria sudanica آﻓﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ . اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺪم در اﻳﺠﺎد ((Hygrophila: Planorbidae) ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺮارﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ آﻓﺎت ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي (Bulinus africanus (Hygrophila: ((Planorbidae و B. nasutus ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ، ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ و ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻲ اﻳﻦ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ٤ ( ﻳﻮﻣﺰورﻳــــــــﻚ ، 1976 ؛ ﻫــــــــﻮ و ﻫﻤﻜــــــــﺎران5 ، ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ اﻳﻦ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻬﺎرﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي 2007 ؛ اواﻧــــــــﺲ و ﺟــــــــﻮﻧﺰ، 1962 ؛ ﻛــــــــﻮﻟﺲ6 ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ روي آن، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ وارد ﻛﺮدن ژن ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي آﻧﺰﻳﻤﻲ ﺣﺸﺮات ﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ و ﺑﻴﺎن ژن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﻨﻨﺪه 1 - Evans & Jones Yamasaki & konno - 2 ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎ در ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﺪه و ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ 3 - Esen 4 - Umezurike 5 - Hu et al. 7 - George et al. 6 - Coles 25 ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ( ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي) ، ﺟﻠﺪ 36 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 92 92 ﻛﺮد . ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺣﺸﺮه از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺮارﻳﺨﺘﻪ، ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﻨﻨﺪه روي ﻳـــﺦ ﻗـــﺮار داده ﺷـــﺪ ه ﺗـــﺎ ﺑـــﻲ ﺣـــﺲ ﺷـــﻮ ﺪﻧ . ﺪﻧ ﻫﺎ وارد ﺑﺪن ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻪ ﻛﺮدن آ ﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﺑــــﺮاي ﺟﺪاﺳــــﺎزي دﺳــــﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارﺷــــﻲ ﺑــــﻪ ﻛﻤــــﻚ ١ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺪف ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ( ﺷﺎرﻣﺎ و ارﺗﻴﺰ ، 2000 ). ﭘـــﻨﺲ اﻧﺘﻬـــﺎي ﺑـــﺪن ﺟـــﺎﻧﻮر ﻧﮕـــﻪ داﺷـــﺘﻪ ﺷـــﺪ و ﺑـــﺎ راب ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي A. agrestis از آﻓﺎت ﭘـــﻨﺲ دﻳﮕـــﺮ ﻗﺴـــﻤﺖ ﻣﻴـــﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـــﺪن ﺟـــﺎﻧﻮر ﺷـــﻜﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺳﺒﺰي و ﺟﺎﻟﻴﺰ در ﺷﻤﺎل اﻳﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺗﺎ ﺷــــﺪ . ﻗﺴــــﻤﺖ ﺟﻠــــﻮﻳﻲ ﻟﻮﻟــــﻪ ﮔــــﻮارش، ﻏــــﺪد ﻛﻨﻮن روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﻮارﺷـــﻲ و ﻗﺴـــﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺒـــﻲ ﻟﻮﻟـــﻪ ﮔـــﻮارش ( ﺷـــﻜﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﺎرﺑﺎرﻳﻞ و ﻣﺘﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر 1 ) ﺟــــﺪا ﺷــــﺪ و در دﻣــــﺎي -20 درﺟــــﻪ ﺳﻠﺴــــﻴﻮس ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﻲ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﻛﺸﻮر، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻤﻮم و ﺳﻢ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺎرﻳﻞ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻤﻮم ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل اﻳﻦ آﻓ ﺖ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ، ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ آﻓﺖ ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد . ﻳﻜﻲ از روش ﻫﺎي راﻳﺞ در ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ آﻓﺎت (IPM) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺮارﻳﺨﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در IPM دارد. اﻣﺮوزه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺮارﻳﺨﺘﻪ اي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎده ﺳﻤﻲ دﻟﺘﺎ اﻧﺪوﺗﻮﻛﺴﻴﻦ و ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ آﻓﺎت ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎي زﻳ ﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ژن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرﻛﻨﻨﺪه آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎوم ﻧﻤﻮدن ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪ آﻓﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ و وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ آﻧ ﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي -ﺎآﻟﻔ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز و ﺑﺘﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز راب ﺷﻜﻞ -1 ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ راب ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي Agriolimax agrestis ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮر ﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . اﻣﻴﺪ اﺳﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎي داﻧﺶ ﻣﺎ در ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻋﺼﺎره آﻧﺰﻳﻤﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻮارﺷﻲ راﺑﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ . ﺑــــﺮاي اﺳــــﺘﺨﺮاج آﻧــــﺰﻳﻢ ﻫــــﺎ از ﺑﺨــــﺶ ﻫــــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـــﻒ ﻟﻮﻟـــﻪ ﮔـــﻮارش و ﻏـــﺪد ﮔﻮارﺷـــﻲ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧـــﻪ ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ﻫــــﺎ ﺑــــﺎ اﺳــــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻫﻤﻮژﻧــــﺎﻳﺰر دﺳــــﺘﻲ ﻫﻤﻮژﻧــــﺎﻳﺰ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺷـــﺪﻧﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧـــﻪ ﻫـــﺎ در دﻣـــﺎي 4 + درﺟـــﻪ ﺳﻠﺴـــﻴﻮس راب ﻫـــــﺎي ﺑـــــﺎﻟﻎ A. agrestis از روي در 13000 دور در دﻗﻴﻘــــــﻪ (rpm) ﺑــــــﻪ ﻣــــــﺪت 15 15 ﮔﻴـــــﺎه ﺗـــــﺮب واﻗـــــﻊ در داﻧﺸـــــﻜﺪه ﻛﺸـــــﺎورزي دﻗﻴﻘـــﻪ ﺳـــﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻔﻮژ ﺷـــﺪﻧﺪ . ﺳـــﭙﺲ روﻧﺸـــﻴﻦ ﺟـــﺪا ﺷـــﺪ داﻧﺸــــــﮕﺎه ﮔــــــﻴﻼن ﺟﻤــــــﻊ آوري ﺷــــــﺪ ه و ﺑــــــﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﻧﺰﻳﻤﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . آزﻣﺎﻳﺸــــﮕ ﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘــــﻞ ﺷــــﺪﻧﺪ . اﺑﺘــــﺪا ﺟــــﺎﻧﻮر ان ﺑــــﺎﻟﻎ 1 - Sharma & Ortiz 26 ﺷﺮﻳﻔﻲ و ﻗﺪﻣﻴﺎ ري : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻟﻔﺎ ...- اﻧــﺪازهﮔﻴــﺮي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴــﺖ آﻧــﺰﻳ ﻢﻫــﺎي آﻟﻔــ ﺎ- ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮاﺳـــﻴﻮن ﭘــــﺎرا ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻓﻨــــﻞ اﺳـــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــــ ﺪ . ﺑــــﺮاي ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز و ﺑﺘﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز : ﺗﻬﻴـــــﻪ اﻳـــــﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـــــﻲ از ﻏﻠﻈـــــﺖ ﻫـــــﺎي 0/156 ، ﺗﻌﻴـــﻴﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـــ ﺖ آﻧـــﺰﻳﻢ ﻫـــﺎي ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳـــﺪاز ﺑـــﺮ 312/0 ، 625/0 ، 25/1 ، 5/2 ، 5 و 10 ﻣﻴﻠــــــــــــــــــﻲ ١ اﺳــــﺎس روش ﺳــــﻴﮕﻦ ﺗــــﺎﻟﺮ ( 1977) ، ﺑــــﺎ اﻧــــﺪﻛﻲ ﻣﻮﻻر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . ٢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴــــﺮ ات اﻧﺠــــﺎم ﺷــــﺪ ( ﻗــــﺪﻣﻴﺎري و ﻫﻤﻜــــﺎرن ، اﻧـــﺪازه ﮔﻴـــﺮي pH ﺑﻬﻴﻨـــﻪ آﻧـــﺰﻳﻢ آﻟﻔـــ ﺎ- 2010 ) ﺑـــــﺮاي اﻧـــــﺪازه ﮔﻴـــــﺮي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـــــﺖ آﻟﻔـــــﺎ - ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز و ﺑﺘﺎ- ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳﺪاز ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳــــﺪاز و ﺑﺘــــﺎ - ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮزﻳــــﺪاز ﺑــــﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴــــﺐ از در اﻳـــــــﻦ آزﻣـــــــﺎﻳﺶ از ﺑـــــــﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﺴـــــــﻔﺎت - - ﺳﻮﺑﺴـــــــﺘﺮاﻫﺎي -p-nitrophenol α-D ﮔﻼﻳﺴـــﻴﻦ - اﺳـــﺘﺎت 04/0 ﻣـــﻮﻻر ﺑـــﺎ ﻃﻴـــﻒ pH از glucopyranosid و p-nitrophenol 3 ﺗــــﺎ 12 اﺳــــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــــﺪ . ﭘــــﺲ از ﺗﻬﻴــــﻪ ﺑــــﺎﻓﺮ،
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bioecology and Management of Giant African Snail, Achatina Fulica (Bowdich)
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION e ISSN-0976-6855 | Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in VOLUME 7 | ISSUE 2 | OCTOBER, 2014 | 476-481 IJPP A REVIEW DOI : 10.15740/HAS/IJPP/7.2/476-481 Bioecology and management of giant African snail, Achatina fulica (Bowdich) BADAL BHATTACHARYYA*1, MRINMOY DAS1, HIMANGSHU MISHRA1, D.J. NATH2 AND SUDHANSU BHAGAWATI1 1Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, JORHAT (ASSAM) INDIA 2Department of Soil Science, Assam Agricultural University, JORHAT (ASSAM) INDIA ARITCLE INFO ABSTRACT Received : 30.06.2014 Giant African snail (Achatina fulica Bowdich) belongs to the Phylum–Mollusca and Class– Accepted : 21.09.2014 Gastropoda. It is known for its destructive nature on cultivated crops wherever it occurs and is one of the world’s largest and most damaging land snail pests. The pest is an East African origin, has spread in recent times by travel and trade to many countries. They now widely KEY WORDS : distributed and no longer limited to their region of origin due to several factors viz., high Bioecology, Management, Giant reproductive capacity, voracious feeding habit, inadequate quarantine management and human African snail, Achatina fulica aided dispersal. A. fulica can cause serious economic damage on different crops and extensive rasping (scrapping), defoliation, slime trials, or ribbon like excrement is signs of infestation. In recent times, severe outbreak of this pest has been noticed due to some desirable agricultural and gardening practices like minimum tillage practices and straw retention techniques which help in survival of snails and make seedlings more susceptible to damage. This review paper aims to enlighten on taxonomy, distribution, extent of damage, morphology, biology, ecology, homing behaviour, seasonal incidence, nature of damage, host plants of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Response of Tiger Giant Land Snail Hatchlings Achatina Achatina Linne to Different Compounded Diets
    International Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science Vol. 3 No. 6 2017 ISSN 2489-0081 www.iiardpub.org Growth Response of Tiger Giant Land Snail Hatchlings Achatina Achatina Linne to Different Compounded Diets Akpobasa, B. I. O. Department of Agricultural Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria [email protected] Abstract This experiment was conducted at the snailery unit of the Delta State Polytechnic Ozoro to study the effects of different compounded diets on the growth response of hatlings Tiger giants land snail (Archatina archatina). Different feed ingredients were used for the compoundment. Three diets were formulated with crude protein percentage of 15%, 20% and 25%. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in CRD was used with six treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice with five snails per replicate. The trial lasted for 90 days. The protein source main effects were significant (P<0.05) in average daily feed intake which was higher in feeds with soyabeen cake than groundnut cake. The higher crude protein percentage diet influence growth rate of the hatchlings more as well as been significant (P<0.05) in feed conversion ratio. Mortality was not recorded during the experiment. The diet with higher protein percentage 25% should be considered most appropriate since the growth rate of snail hatchlings increased as the crude protein level increased in the compounded diet. INTRODUCTION The present level of livestock production cannot meet daily demand for animal protein , this have affected the animal protein intake by Nigerians which is below 67g as recommended by the World Health Organization (Kehinde et al., 2002), and thus has led to an acute malnutrition amongst the greater percentage of the rural populace [FAO,1986].
    [Show full text]
  • The Malacological Society of London
    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This meeting was made possible due to generous contributions from the following individuals and organizations: Unitas Malacologica The program committee: The American Malacological Society Lynn Bonomo, Samantha Donohoo, The Western Society of Malacologists Kelly Larkin, Emily Otstott, Lisa Paggeot David and Dixie Lindberg California Academy of Sciences Andrew Jepsen, Nick Colin The Company of Biologists. Robert Sussman, Allan Tina The American Genetics Association. Meg Burke, Katherine Piatek The Malacological Society of London The organizing committee: Pat Krug, David Lindberg, Julia Sigwart and Ellen Strong THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 1 SCHEDULE SUNDAY 11 AUGUST, 2019 (Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, CA) 2:00-6:00 pm Registration - Merrill Hall 10:30 am-12:00 pm Unitas Malacologica Council Meeting - Merrill Hall 1:30-3:30 pm Western Society of Malacologists Council Meeting Merrill Hall 3:30-5:30 American Malacological Society Council Meeting Merrill Hall MONDAY 12 AUGUST, 2019 (Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, CA) 7:30-8:30 am Breakfast - Crocker Dining Hall 8:30-11:30 Registration - Merrill Hall 8:30 am Welcome and Opening Session –Terry Gosliner - Merrill Hall Plenary Session: The Future of Molluscan Research - Merrill Hall 9:00 am - Genomics and the Future of Tropical Marine Ecosystems - Mónica Medina, Pennsylvania State University 9:45 am - Our New Understanding of Dead-shell Assemblages: A Powerful Tool for Deciphering Human Impacts - Sue Kidwell, University of Chicago 2 10:30-10:45
    [Show full text]
  • Achatina Fulica and Archachatina Marginata Was Sampled in the Littoral, Center and West Regions of Cameroon
    Central Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research Research Article *Corresponding author Prisca Meffowoet, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricul- tural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Tel: Infestation rate of African 699366311/676879291; Email: [email protected] Submitted: 25 March 2020 giant snails (Achatina fulica Accepted: 02 April 2020 Published: 06 April 2020 ISSN: 2379-948X and Archachatina marginata) by Copyright © 2020 Prisca MC, et al. parasites during the rainy season OPEN ACCESS Keywords • Cameroon in three localities of Cameroon • African giant snails • Parasites Meffowoet CP1*, Kouam KM1, Kana JR2, and Tchakounte FM2 1Animal Physiology and Health Research Unit, University of Dschang, Cameroon 2Animal Nutrition and Production Research Unit, University of Dschang, Cameroon Abstract This study was designed during the rainy season in order to identify the parasites likely to infest edible snails. 360 Achatina fulica and Archachatina marginata was sampled in the Littoral, Center and West regions of Cameroon. After macroscopic observation of snails, the hepatopancreas, digestive tract, sex organs, slime and haemolymph were isolated. These samples were examined using the flotation techniques and direct rubbing. Of the 360 snails sampled, 213 (59.3%) were infested, that is 147 (82.1%) for A. marginata and 66 (36.7%) for A. fulica respectively. The highest infestation rate was recorded on protozoans (41.4%) followed by nematode (24.7%). The most represented parasites were Trichodina achatinae (23.9%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (16.1%); while the least represented were cyst of Balantidium coli (8.1%), Enteromonas sp. (8.1%), cyst of Isospora sp. (7.8%), larva of Protostrongylus sp. (7.5%), cyst of Cryptosporidium sp.
    [Show full text]
  • END Disease Alert
    PEST ALERT United States Department of Agriculture • Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service mollusk has also been introduced to the Caribbean Safeguarding, islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe. Recently, A. fulica infestations were detected on Saint Lucia and Intervention, and Barbados. In 1966, a Miami, FL, boy smuggled three giant Trade Compliance African snails into south Florida upon returning from a trip to Hawaii. His grandmother eventually released Officers Confiscate the snails into her garden. Seven years later, more than 18,000 snails had been found along with scores Giant African Snails of eggs. The Florida State eradication program took in Wisconsin 10 years at a cost of $1 million. Description and Life Cycle Reaching up to 20 cm in length and 10 cm in Safeguarding, Intervention, and Trade Compliance maximum diameter, A. fulica is one of the largest (SITC) officers with the U.S. Department of land snails in the world. When full grown, the shell of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health A. fulica consists of seven to nine whorls, with a long Inspection Service (APHIS) confiscated more than and greatly swollen body whorl. The brownish shell 80 illegal giant African snails from commercial pet covers at least half the length of the snail. stores and a private breeder in Wisconsin in Each snail contains both female and male November. Acting on a tip from the Wisconsin State reproductive organs. After a single mating session, Plant Health Director’s office, Federal regulatory each snail can produce 100 to 400 eggs. This officials moved in and seized the large land snails amazing creature can duplicate reproduction through from two pet stores in Nekoosa and from a several cycles without engaging in another mating.
    [Show full text]
  • CAPS PRA: Achatina Fulica 1 Mini Risk
    Mini Risk Assessment Giant African Snail, Achatina fulica Bowdich [Gastropoda: Achatinidae] Robert C. Venette & Margaret Larson Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota St. Paul, MN 55108 September 29, 2004 Introduction The giant African snail, Achatina fulica, occurs in a large number of countries around the world, but all of the countries in which it is established have tropical climates with warm, mild year-round temperatures and high humidity. The snail has been introduced purposefully and accidentally to many parts of the world for medicinal purposes, food (escargot), and for research purposes (Raut and Barker 2002). In many instances, the snail has escaped cultivation and established reproductive populations in the wild. In Florida and Queensland, established populations were eradicated (Raut and Barker 2002). Where it occurs, the snail has the potential to be a significant pest of agricultural crops. It is also an intermediate host for several animal pathogens. As a result, this species has been listed as one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. Figure 1. Giant African Snail (Image courtesy of USDA-APHIS). Established populations of Achatina fulica are not known to occur in the United States (Robinson 2002). Because of its broad host range and geographic distribution, A. fulica has the potential to become established in the US if accidentally or intentionally introduced. This document evaluates several factors that influence the degree of risk posed by A. fulica and applies this information to the refinement of sampling and detection programs. 1. Ecological Suitability. Rating: Low “Achatina fulica is believed to have originally inhabited eastern coastal Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Efficiency of Landscape Management on Selected Thermophilous Land Snails – a Small-Scale Case Report from the Vineyard Area in Northern Vienna
    Research eco.mont – Volume 8, Number 2, July 2016 22 ISSN 2073-106X print version – ISSN 2073-1558 online version: http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont https://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-8-2s22 The efficiency of landscape management on selected thermophilous land snails – a small-scale case report from the vineyard area in northern Vienna Michael Duda Keywords: gastropods, landscape management, grassland, Zebrina detrita, Caucasotachea vindobonensis Abstract Profile Direct implications of landscape management measures, such as clearing and grub- Protected area bing, on snails are only sparsely published. Thus the impact of management on two xerothermophilous terrestrial gastropod species, Zebrina detrita and Caucasotachea UNESCO Wienerwald vindobonensis, and on land snails in general, was evaluated in the vineyard area of northern Vienna. This area belongs to the buffer zone of UNESCO Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve in Austria. A total of 18 sites were investigated, including vineyard Biosphere Reserve embankments and dry meadows with different intensity levels of clearing and grub- bing in recent years. Occurrence of both target species and their ability to recolonize Mountain range newly created habitats were assessed. Snails are able to colonize new areas in direct vicinity of existing populations that are above detection level. Only annually repeated Alps clearing of meadows and embankments with originally strong shrub coverage result- ed in a visible effect. Continuous clearing efforts over 10 years were associated with Country a dense population of Z. detrita on a formerly unsuited bush-covered meadow. In contrast, vineyard embankments that were cut free just once within two years before Austria the study harboured only a few specimens of Z.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for the Capture and Management of Digital Zoological Names Information Francisco W
    Guidelines for the Capture and Management of Digital Zoological Names Information Francisco W. Welter-Schultes Version 1.1 March 2013 Suggested citation: Welter-Schultes, F.W. (2012). Guidelines for the capture and management of digital zoological names information. Version 1.1 released on March 2013. Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 126 pp, ISBN: 87-92020-44-5, accessible online at http://www.gbif.org/orc/?doc_id=2784. ISBN: 87-92020-44-5 (10 digits), 978-87-92020-44-4 (13 digits). Persistent URI: http://www.gbif.org/orc/?doc_id=2784. Language: English. Copyright © F. W. Welter-Schultes & Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 2012. Disclaimer: The information, ideas, and opinions presented in this publication are those of the author and do not represent those of GBIF. License: This document is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0. Document Control: Version Description Date of release Author(s) 0.1 First complete draft. January 2012 F. W. Welter- Schultes 0.2 Document re-structured to improve February 2012 F. W. Welter- usability. Available for public Schultes & A. review. González-Talaván 1.0 First public version of the June 2012 F. W. Welter- document. Schultes 1.1 Minor editions March 2013 F. W. Welter- Schultes Cover Credit: GBIF Secretariat, 2012. Image by Levi Szekeres (Romania), obtained by stock.xchng (http://www.sxc.hu/photo/1389360). March 2013 ii Guidelines for the management of digital zoological names information Version 1.1 Table of Contents How to use this book ......................................................................... 1 SECTION I 1. Introduction ................................................................................ 2 1.1. Identifiers and the role of Linnean names ......................................... 2 1.1.1 Identifiers ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1St Meeting of the Mollusc Research Society Austria (Mofa) in Salzburg, June 26 - 27, 2019 2
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arianta Jahr/Year: 2019 Band/Volume: 7 Autor(en)/Author(s): diverse Artikel/Article: 1st Meeting of the Mollusc Research Society Austria (MoFA) in Salzburg, June 26 - 27, 2019 2. Abstracts of Posters (in alphabetical order of first author’s surname) Chromosome numbers of terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Georgia 10-13 Arianta Volume 7 10 - 13 Wien, Oktober 2019 1st Meeting of the Mollusc Research Society Austria (MoFA) in Salzburg, June 26 - 27, 2019 2. Abstracts of Posters (in alphabetical order of first author’s surname) Chromosome numbers of terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Georgia Nino Chakvetadze, Nana Bakhtadze, Levan Mumladze & Edisher Tskhadaia Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Correspondence: [email protected] & [email protected] In the present study chromosome numbers in terrestrial Poiretia mingrelica (family Oleacinidae), Oxychilus koutai- mollusks of Georgia (Caucasus region) were investigated. sanus (family Oxychilidae) and Pomatias rivularis (family Chromosome plates (with both haploid as well as diploid Pomatiidae). Except three species (Pomatias rivularis, Helix chromosome set) were obtained using well established lucorum and Xeropicta derbentina) all were endemics of methods for karyological studies of mollusk species were Georgia and Caucasus. On average 28 individuals were ex- used. Gonads of colchicine treated animals were subject- amined for each species. The following haploid and diploid ed to hypotonic treatment and the cell suspension was chromosome numbers were found in the present study: n = dropped on glass slides and air-dried. For very small mol- 13 (Pomatias), 19 (Lytopelte), 23 (Caucasigena, Circassina, lusks (e.g., Elia derasa, Circassina frutis) the gonads were Fruticocampylaea), 26 (Caucasotachea, Xeropicta, Poire- squashed between glass slide and cover slip.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphometric Identification of Two Species of Achatinidae :Achatina Achatina Linné, 1758 Et Archachatinaventricosa Gould, 1850
    The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) || Volume || 6 || Issue || 12 || Pages || PP 05-10 || 2017 || ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805 Morphometric Identification of Two Species of Achatinidae :Achatina achatina Linné, 1758 Et Archachatinaventricosa Gould, 1850 Jean-Didié Memel1*,Moussa Komara2,Mamadou Karamoko3, Kouadio ElvisKouamé4and Atcho Otchoumou5 1(Training and Research Unit of Natural Sciences/ NanguiAbrogoua University, Abidjan-Ivory coast);[email protected] 2,3,4,5(Training and Research Unit of Natural Sciences/ NanguiAbrogoua University, Abidjan-Ivory coast) Corresponding Author: Jean-Didié Memel1 --------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------- The studies took place within the Animal Productions Pole of NanguiAbrogoua University (Abidjan-Ivory Coast) and aimed to search for measurable traits that would clearly distinguish between two species of Achatinidae, including species Achatinaachatina and Archachatinaventricosa. To achieve this, measurements were made on different parts of the shell of the snails concerned and reports were made notified. Values show that i) the Right side length (LD) and Left side length (LG) obtained in the species A. achatina are statistically higher than those measured in the species Arch. ventricosa, while the measured high side lengths (LH) are statistically identical; ii) The length of the large diameter (LGD) in A. achatina is statistically higher than that of Arch. ventricosa; iii) total shell length (LT) and length Apex-Last suture (LAp-DS) in A. achatina are statistically higher than those of Arch. ventricosa.These results justify the fact that (i) the shell of the species A. achatina is longer than that of the species Arch. ventricosa ; ii) the shell opening of the species Arch.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant African Land Snail Survey Report
    Florida CAPS/DPI Giant African Snail, Achatina spp. (Pulmonata: Achatinidae) Survey Report Dr. Trevor Smith, State Survey Coordinator Dr. Leroy Whilby, Pest Survey Specialist Andrew Derksen, Pest Survey Specialist March 11, 2010 Introduction The mollusk family Achatinidae contains several different species, all with the potential to become established in the United States. Most notorious among this group is the “giant African snails” (GAS). Achatina fulica (Bowdich) and Archachatina marginata (Swainson) are referred to as the truly giant African land snails and are also referred to as the travelling species in that both have moved or been moved all over the world (Mead and Palcy 1992). Archachatina marginata and A. fulica are species native to eastern Africa; however, they are now distributed globally throughout the tropics and subtropics. Commerce and intentional spread by man appear to be the most likely pathways for introduction of this pest to the U.S. (Lambert and Tillier 1993). In the 1980s, GAS spread west and eventually made it to the West African coastline in Ghana, where A. fulica displaced the native snail Achatina achatina. Shortly after its introduction, A. fulica achieved dominance in the achatinid community in the Ivory Coast and in Ghana, becoming a significant crop pest (Raut and Barker 2002). In 1984, GAS reached the Caribbean and spread to several Caribbean Islands. They were found in Brazil in 1997, and have since spread throughout most of that nation. In the Pacific Ocean, GAS have continued to spread among the islands. They were found in Gordonville, Australia in 1977 and in Currumbin, Queensland in 2004 (Paiva 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Giant African Snail Cooperative Eradication Program
    United States Department of Agriculture Giant African Snail Marketing and Regulatory Cooperative Programs Animal and Eradication Program Plant Health Inspection Service Miami-Dade County, Florida Environmental Assessment, October 2011 Giant African Snail Cooperative Eradication Program Environmental Assessment October 2011 Agency Contact: Andrea Simao USDA–APHIS–PPQ Emergency and Domestic Programs 4700 River Road, Unit 26 Riverdale, MD 20737 __________________________________________________________ The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’S TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. __________________________________________________________ Mention of companies or commercial products in this report does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product
    [Show full text]