Analysis of Fuel Tanker Vessels Available in a Dual Multi-Theater War (Mtw)
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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS ANALYSIS OF FUEL TANKER VESSELS AVAILABLE IN A DUAL MULTI-THEATER WAR (MTW) by Thomas J. Keane March2000 Thesis Advisor: Rodney E. Tudor Associate Advisor: Lee Edwards 20000608 117 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved 0MB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of infonnation is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection ofinfonnation, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED March2000 Master's Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE : Analysis ofFuel Tanker Assets Available in a Dual 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Multi-Theater War (MTW) 6. AUTHOR(S) Keane, Thomas J. 8. PERFORMING 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) ORGANIZATION REPORT Naval Postgraduate School NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) IO. SPONSORING / MONITORING NIA AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION/ AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) This thesis develops a database and makes projections of fuel tanker vessels available between now and 20 IO that can support U.S. forces in wartime. The United States Transportation Command and Military Sealift Command must ensure there are sufficient fuel tanker vessels to transport fuel to the forces in a dual multi-theater war (MTW). Once the available assets are known, then DOD can determine the adequacy of the number of vessels based on the fuel requirements. These vessels are of two categories: DOD organic assets and commercial fuel tanker assets. What this thesis shows is that DOD assets will remain virtually the same for the next ten years but the number of U.S.-flag tanker vessels will decline dramatically. In a dual MTW scenario there will not be enough DOD or U.S.- flag tanker vessels available to meet demand. DOD must consider an alternative policy of outsourcing to foreign flag vessels for the delivery of fuel products to U.S. Armed Forces during war. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER Petroleum, Fuel Tanker OF PAGES 16. PRICE CODE 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. 17. SECURITY 19. SECURITY OF THIS PAGE LIMITATION CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT CLASSIFICATION OF Unclassified OF ABSTRACT Unclassified ABSTRACT Unclassified UL NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 11 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited ANALYSIS OF FUEL TANKER ASSETS AVAILABLE IN A DUAL MOL TI-THEATER WAR (MTW) Thomas J. Keane Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy B.S., California State Polytechnic University Pomona, 1987 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL March2000 Author: ~J-~ Approved by: ' .,/' or, Thesis Advisor Lee Edwards, Associate Advisor euben T. Harris, C~~m ment of Systems Management iii iv ABSTRACT This thesis develops a database and makes projections of fuel tanker vessels available between now and 2010 that can support U.S. forces in wartime. The United States Transportation Command and Military Sealift Command must ensure there are sufficient fuel tanker vessels to transport fuel to the forces in a dual multi-theater war (MTW). Once the available assets are known, then DOD can determine the adequacy of the number of vessels based on the fuel requirements. These vessels are of two categories: DOD organic assets and commercial fuel tanker assets. What this thesis shows is that DOD assets will remain virtually the same for the next ten years but the number of U.S.-flag tanker vessels will decline dramatically. In a dual MTW scenario there will not be enough DOD or U.S.-flag tanker vessels available to meet demand. DOD must consider an alternative policy of outsourcing to foreign flag vessels for the delivery of fuel products to U.S. Armed Forces during war. V vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 A. PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................... 2 B. RESEARCH QUESTIONS .................................................................................................... 2 C. THESIS OUTLINE ................................................................................................................ 3 D. EXPECTED BENEFITS OF THIS THESIS .......................................................................... 4 II. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 5 A. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 5 B. LEVELS OF LOGISTIC SUPPORT ...................................................................................... 6 1. Strategic Logistics .................................................................................................... 6 2. Operational Logistics ................................................................................................ 7 3. Tactical Logistics ...................................................................................................... 7 C. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS .............................................................................................. 7 D. DEFENSE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM .......................................................................... 9 E. TYPES OF TANKERS ........................................................................................................... 11 1. Handy Size Tankers .................................................................................................. 14 2. Medium Size Tankers ............................................................................................... 14 3. Large Crude Carriers ................................................................................................ 14 F. VESSEL ACQUISITION AND ACTIVATION .................................................................... 15 III. ASSETS AVAILABLE ...................................................................................................................... 17 A. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 17 B. ASSETS AVAILABLE .......................................................................................................... 17 l. U.S. Navy ................................................................................................................. 17 2. Military Sealift Command ........................................................................................ 18 a. Program 1 (PMl) ....................................................................................... 19 b. Program 3 (PM3) ....................................................................................... 20 c. Program 5 (PM5) ....................................................................................... 20 3. National Defense Reserve Force (NDRF)/Ready Reserve Fleet (RRF) ................... 21 4. Commercial .......................... : ................................................................................... 22 a. U.S. Flagged Vessels .................................................................................. 23 b. Effective United States Control... ............................................................... 30 c. Foreign Flagged Vessels ............................................................................ 31 5. Voluntary Tanker Agreement ................................................................................... 32 6. Other Vessels ............................................................................................................ 33 IV. ANALYSIS .................. : ..................................................................................................................... 35 A. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 35 B. READY RESERVE FORCE .................................................................................................. 37 C. U.S.-FLAG ............................................................................................................................. 38 D. FOREIGN FLAG ................................................................................................................... 39 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA TIONS ............................................................................... 43 A. CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................