Forensic Linguistics
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Newcastle University Eprints
Newcastle University ePrints Knight D, Adolphs S, Carter R. CANELC: constructing an e-language corpus. Corpora 2014, 9(1), 29-56. Copyright: The definitive version of this article, published by Edinburgh University Press, 2014, is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2014.0050 Always use the definitive version when citing. Further information on publisher website: www.euppublishing.com Date deposited: 23-07-2014 Version of file: Author Accepted Manuscript This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License ePrints – Newcastle University ePrints http://eprint.ncl.ac.uk CANELC – Constructing an e-language corpus ___________________________________________________________________________ Dawn Knight1, Svenja Adolphs2 and Ronald Carter2 This paper reports on the construction of CANELC: the Cambridge and Nottingham e- language Corpus 3 . CANELC is a one million word corpus of digital communication in English, taken from online discussion boards, blogs, tweets, emails and SMS messages. The paper outlines the approaches used when planning the corpus: obtaining consent; collecting the data and compiling the corpus database. This is followed by a detailed analysis of some of the patterns of language used in the corpus. The analysis includes a discussion of the key words and phrases used as well as the common themes and semantic associations connected with the data. These discussions form the basis of an investigation of how e-language operates in both similar and different ways to spoken and written records of communication (as evidenced by the BNC - British National Corpus). Keywords: Blogs, Tweets, SMS, Discussion Boards, e-language, Corpus Linguistics 1. Introduction Communication in the digital age is a complex many faceted process involving the production and reception of linguistic stimuli across a multitude of platforms and media types (see Boyd and Heer, 2006:1). -
RASLAN 2015 Recent Advances in Slavonic Natural Language Processing
RASLAN 2015 Recent Advances in Slavonic Natural Language Processing A. Horák, P. Rychlý, A. Rambousek (Eds.) RASLAN 2015 Recent Advances in Slavonic Natural Language Processing Ninth Workshop on Recent Advances in Slavonic Natural Language Processing, RASLAN 2015 Karlova Studánka, Czech Republic, December 4–6, 2015 Proceedings Tribun EU 2015 Proceedings Editors Aleš Horák Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University Department of Information Technologies Botanická 68a CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Email: [email protected] Pavel Rychlý Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University Department of Information Technologies Botanická 68a CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Email: [email protected] Adam Rambousek Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University Department of Information Technologies Botanická 68a CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Email: [email protected] This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Czech Copyright Law, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Tribun EU. Violations are liable for prosecution under the Czech Copyright Law. Editors ○c Aleš Horák, 2015; Pavel Rychlý, 2015; Adam Rambousek, 2015 Typography ○c Adam Rambousek, 2015 Cover ○c Petr Sojka, 2010 This edition ○c Tribun EU, Brno, 2015 ISBN 978-80-263-0974-1 ISSN 2336-4289 Preface This volume contains the Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Recent Advances in Slavonic Natural Language Processing (RASLAN 2015) held on December 4th–6th 2015 in Karlova Studánka, Sporthotel Kurzovní, Jeseníky, Czech Republic. -
Actus Reus and Mens Rea of Murder Understand Coke’S Definition of Murder Explain How the Definition of Murder Has Changed and Evolved
Criminal Law [G153] OOFFENCES AAGAINST THE PPERSON:: MMUURRDDEERR By the end of this unit, you will be able to: Explain the actus reus and mens rea of murder Understand Coke’s definition of murder Explain how the definition of murder has changed and evolved. You will also be able to: Critically evaluate the current law, and possible reforms. HOMEWORK During this unit, you will be set the following. In completing homework, you will be expected to do your own research and supplement your own notes. This is essential to show understanding. 1. How far does the case of Kiranjit Ahluwalia highlight the problems with the current law on murder and voluntary manslaughter. In your opinion, what should she have been liable for and why, and how did the law respond and why. END OF UNIT ASSESSMENT As with AS, you will sit a DRAG test but not until we have looked at voluntary and involuntary manslaughter as well. Remember, you will have the choice to answer 20 out of 60 questions, reflecting your understanding and knowledge of the subject. At the end of each unit on manslaughter, we will look at a section B question, but for now you will not complete an essay question on the subject (hmmm... think ahead to mocks!) 1 Criminal Law [G153] Murder Murder is generally accepted as one of the worst crimes imaginable. It is a common law crime, which means that the courts are able to develop the definition and the crime itself through case law using ……………………. However, this can also be a problem because it means that the definition is constantly changing and it can be a little tricky to work out the exact meaning of the law. -
Children Online: a Survey of Child Language and CMC Corpora
Children Online: a survey of child language and CMC corpora Alistair Baron, Paul Rayson, Phil Greenwood, James Walkerdine and Awais Rashid Lancaster University Contact author: Paul Rayson Email: [email protected] The collection of representative corpus samples of both child language and online (CMC) language varieties is crucial for linguistic research that is motivated by applications to the protection of children online. In this paper, we present an extensive survey of corpora available for these two areas. Although a significant amount of research has been undertaken both on child language and on CMC language varieties, a much smaller number of datasets are made available as corpora. Especially lacking are corpora which match requirements for verifiable age and gender metadata, although some include self-reported information, which may be unreliable. Our survey highlights the lack of corpus data available for the intersecting area of child language in CMC environments. This lack of available corpus data is a significant drawback for those wishing to undertake replicable studies of child language and online language varieties. Keywords: child language, CMC, survey, corpus linguistics Introduction This survey is part of a wider investigation into child language and computer-mediated communication (CMC)1 corpora. Its aim is to assess the availability of relevant corpora which can be used to build representative samples of the language of children online. The Isis project2, of which the survey is a part, carries out research in the area of online child protection. Corpora of child and CMC language serve two main purposes in our research. First, they enable us to build age- and gender-based standard profiles of such language for comparison purposes. -
OPEC Ministers Adn^It Failure
24 - THE HERALD. Thuni.. Aug. 20. IW Plenty of cents here, Best ideas may ■ M and service their, goods. Ruppman does not .,.page 16 numbers in pribited advertising but Ruppman N E W Y O R K (U P I) - The "kOO ” telepbone said it must be mbauntial. sell products of its own. ___ . line systeifi is a wonderful aid to nuirketiiig Rm pm an’s 244ioor 800 n ^ b w but not, everywhere He said the use of 800 numbers In but, like everything else revoluUonary, it has calledWaloguo MarketWg. When a caU com marketing stiil is growing i|t an astoniming produced some unforeseen problems. es in the c l ^ l r s t asks, “ What Is your postal ppce despite softness in the general economic By Barbara Richmond ^ bank, a savings bank, is different For one, says Charles Riippman, bead of clinute. His company alone will handle two from the com mercial banks. He said Ruppman Marketing Services of Peoria, 111., number is ^ h e d into ^ Herald Reporter million such toll-free calls for infWmatlon peoploisave coins in banks at home if you advertise an 800 number on radio or puter the names and addresses o f the cIosMt While local banken aren't exactly and turn them into the savings bank. about specific prodgeU o r services this year Cool tonight; Manchester, Conn. television, the roof m ay faU in on you. driers for the products or ■iiijpng "Penniet from Heaven,” He said if other banka run short of and thousands o f companies are using 800- “ You just never know how many people are customer asked about appear on the cterks sunny Saturday ttere doesn’t seem to be a dearth of pennies his bank tries to help them going to pick up their phones in the nest few number lines. -
Email in the Australian National Corpus
Email in the Australian National Corpus Andrew Lampert CSIRO ICT Centre, North Ryde, Australia and Macquarie University, Australia 1. Introduction Email is not only a distinctive and important text type but one that touches the lives of most Australians. In 2008, 79.4% of Australians used the internet, ahead of all Asia Pacific countries except New Zealand (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2008). A recent Nielsen study suggests that almost 98% of Australian internet users have sent or received email messages in the past 4 weeks (Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2008), making email the most used application on the internet by a significant margin. It seems logical to embrace a communication medium used by the vast majority of Australians when considering the text types and genres that should be included in the Australian National Corpus. Existing corpora such as the British National Corpus (2007) and the American National Corpus (Macleod, Ide, & Grishman, 2000) provide many insights and lessons for the creation and curation of the Australian National Corpus. Like many existing corpora, the British National Corpus and the American National Corpus contain language data drawn from a wide variety of text types and genres, including telephone dialogue, novels, letters, transcribed face-to-face dialogue, technical books, newspapers, web logs, travel guides, magazines, reports, journals, and web data. Notably absent from this list are email messages. In many respects, email has replaced more traditional forms of communication such as letters and memoranda, yet this reality is not reflected in existing corpora. This lack of email text is a significant gap in existing corpus resources. -
C 2014 Gourab Kundu DOMAIN ADAPTATION with MINIMAL TRAINING
c 2014 Gourab Kundu DOMAIN ADAPTATION WITH MINIMAL TRAINING BY GOURAB KUNDU DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2014 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Dan Roth, Chair Professor Chengxiang Zhai Assistant Professor Julia Hockenmaier Associate Professor Hal DaumeIII, University of Maryland Abstract Machine learning models trained on labeled data of a domain degrade performance severely when tested on a different domain. Traditional approaches deal with this problem by training a new model for every new domain. In Natural language processing, top performing systems often use multiple interconnected models and therefore training all of them for every new domain is computationally expensive. This thesis is a study on how to adapt to a new domain, using the system trained on a different domain, avoiding the cost of retraining. This thesis identifies two key ingredients for adaptation without training: broad coverage re- sources and constraints. We show how resources like Wikipedia, VerbNet, WordNet that contain comprehensive coverage of entities, semantic roles and words in English can help a model adapt to a new domain. For the task of semantic role labeling, we show that in the decision phase, we can replace a linguistic unit (e.g. verb, word) with another equivalent linguistic unit residing in the same cluster defined in these resources (e.g. VerbNet, WordNet) such that after replacement, text becomes more like text on which the model was trained. We show that the model's output is more accurate on the transformed text than on original text. -
Shail, Robert, British Film Directors
BRITISH FILM DIRECTORS INTERNATIONAL FILM DIRECTOrs Series Editor: Robert Shail This series of reference guides covers the key film directors of a particular nation or continent. Each volume introduces the work of 100 contemporary and historically important figures, with entries arranged in alphabetical order as an A–Z. The Introduction to each volume sets out the existing context in relation to the study of the national cinema in question, and the place of the film director within the given production/cultural context. Each entry includes both a select bibliography and a complete filmography, and an index of film titles is provided for easy cross-referencing. BRITISH FILM DIRECTORS A CRITI Robert Shail British national cinema has produced an exceptional track record of innovative, ca creative and internationally recognised filmmakers, amongst them Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Powell and David Lean. This tradition continues today with L GUIDE the work of directors as diverse as Neil Jordan, Stephen Frears, Mike Leigh and Ken Loach. This concise, authoritative volume analyses critically the work of 100 British directors, from the innovators of the silent period to contemporary auteurs. An introduction places the individual entries in context and examines the role and status of the director within British film production. Balancing academic rigour ROBE with accessibility, British Film Directors provides an indispensable reference source for film students at all levels, as well as for the general cinema enthusiast. R Key Features T SHAIL • A complete list of each director’s British feature films • Suggested further reading on each filmmaker • A comprehensive career overview, including biographical information and an assessment of the director’s current critical standing Robert Shail is a Lecturer in Film Studies at the University of Wales Lampeter. -
Perceptions of Safety, Fear and Social Change in the Public's Prodeath
Perceptions of safety, fear and social change in the public's pro-death penalty discourse in mid twentieth-century Britain Article (Accepted Version) Seal, Lizzie (2017) Perceptions of safety, fear and social change in the public’s pro-death penalty discourse in mid twentieth-century Britain. Crime, History and Societies, 21 (1). pp. 13-34. ISSN 1422-0857 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68090/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Perceptions of safety, fear and social change in the public’s pro-death penalty discourse in mid twentieth-century Britain. -
Albert Pierrepoint and the Cultural Persona of the Twentieth- Century Hangman
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Sussex Research Online Albert Pierrepoint and the cultural persona of the twentieth- century hangman Article (Accepted Version) Seal, Lizzie (2016) Albert Pierrepoint and the cultural persona of the twentieth-century hangman. Crime, Media, Culture, 12 (1). pp. 83-100. ISSN 1741-6590 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/60124/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Introduction Despite his symbolic importance, the figure of the English hangman remains largely ignored by scholars.1 In an article dating from the mid-s, ‘oi : oted that it is supisig that geate attetio has ot ee dieted to the eeutioe ad this oseatio eais petiet. -
The Teddy Boy Subculture in Britain Kristýna Slepičková
Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Bakalářská práce The Teddy Boy Subculture in Britain Kristýna Slepičková Plzeň 2020 Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Katedra anglického jazyka a literatury Studijní program Filologie Studijní obor Cizí jazyky pro komerční praxi Kombinace angličtina – němčina Bakalářská práce The Teddy Boy Subculture in Britain Kristýna Slepičková Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Alice Tihelková, Ph.D. Katedra anglického jazyka a literatury Fakulta filozofická Západočeské univerzity v Plzni Plzeň 2020 Prohlašuji, že jsem práci zpracovala samostatně a použila jen uvedených pramenů a literatury. Plzeň, květen 2020 ……………………… I would like to thank PhDr. Alice Tihelková, PhD. for her invaluable advice on the content and style of the thesis, in particular on the selection of adequate literature and resources. I would also like to express my gratitude to my family for their immense support. Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1. Great Britain in the 1950s ......................................................................... 3 1.1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 3 1.2. The Remains of the Second World War ............................................ 3 1.3. Military Operations.............................................................................. 4 1.3.1. The Suez Crisis ...................................................................................... -
CS224N Section 3 Corpora, Etc. Pi-Chuan Chang, Friday, April 25
CS224N Section 3 Corpora, etc. Pi-Chuan Chang, Friday, April 25, 2008 Some materials borrowed from Bill’s notes in 2006: http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs224n/handouts/cs224n-section3-corpora.txt Proposal for Final project due two weeks later (Wednesday, 5/7) Look for interesting topics? Æ go through the syllabus : http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs224n/syllabus.html Æ final projects from previous years : http://nlp.stanford.edu/courses/cs224n/ Æ what data / tools are out there? Æ collect your own dataset 1. LDC (Linguistic Data Consortium) o http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/ 2. Corpora@Stanford o http://www.stanford.edu/dept/linguistics/corpora/ o Corpus TA: Anubha Kothari o The inventory: http://www.stanford.edu/dept/linguistics/corpora/inventory.html o Some of them are on AFS; some of them are available on DVD/CDs in the linguistic department 3. http://nlp.stanford.edu/links/statnlp.html 4. ACL Anthology o http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/ 5. Various Shared Tasks o CoNLL (Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning) 2006: Multi-lingual Dependency Parsing 2005, 2004: Semantic Role Labeling 2003, 2002: Language-Independent Named Entity Recognition 2001: Clause Identification 2000: Chunking 1999: NP bracketing o Machine Translation shared tasks: 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 o Pascal Challenges (RTE, etc) o TREC (IR) o Senseval (Word sense disambiguation) o … Parsing Most widely-used : Penn Treebank 1. English: (LDC99T42) Treebank-3 (see Bill’s notes) 2. In many different languages, like Chinese (CTB6.0), Arabic Other parsed corpora 1. Switchboard (spoken) 2. German: NEGRA, TIGER, Tueba-D/Z • There’s an ACL workshop on German Parsing this year… 3.