2040 Metropolitan Transportation Plan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2040 Metropolitan Transportation Plan 2040 METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLAN Grand Valley Metro Council Transportation Department 678 Front Avenue, Suite 200 Grand Rapids, MI 49504 April 20, 2015 616-776-3876 gvmc.org Administratively modified on November 15, 2017 and amended on March 21, 2018. ii Grand Valley Metropolitan Council 2040 Metropolitan Transportation Plan Disclaimer The preparation of this report has been financed in part through grant[s] from the Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, under the Metropolitan Planning Program, Section 104(f) of Title 23, U.S. Code. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Contact Information For more information about this document or the long-range transportation planning process, please contact: Jim Snell, Senior Transportation Planner Grand Valley Metropolitan Council 678 Front Avenue NW, Suite 200 Grand Rapids, Michigan 49504 Telephone: (616) 776-7610 Facsimile: (616) 774-9292 [email protected] Grand Valley Metropolitan Council 2040 Metropolitan Transportation Plan iii Table of Contents Table of Maps .................................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Figures .................................................................................................................................................. vi Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Transportation Planning in Grand Rapids Past and Present ........................................................................... 9 Purpose of the Metropolitan Transportation Plan ......................................................................................... 11 Planning Factors ...................................................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2: Metropolitan Transportation Plan Process ........................................................................................... 15 Intermodal Focus ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 3: Goals and Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 19 Vision Statement ....................................................................................................................................... 19 2040 MTP Goals and Objectives ................................................................................................................. 19 Chapter 4 : Public Participation Process ............................................................................................................... 25 Public Participation Outreach ..................................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 5: Consultation ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Consultation Agency List............................................................................................................................ 28 Consultation Agency Notification ................................................................................................................ 28 Documentation of Consultation ................................................................................................................... 29 Findings of Consultation ............................................................................................................................ 29 Chapter 6: Socio-Economic Data Projections ........................................................................................................ 30 2010 Base Year Data ................................................................................................................................. 32 Chapter 7: Transportation Modeling Process ........................................................................................................ 39 2040 Capacity Deficient Facilities List ......................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 8: Congestion Management Process ......................................................................................................... 46 Congestion Defined .................................................................................................................................... 46 CMP Characteristics .................................................................................................................................. 49 Chapter 9: Pavement Management System........................................................................................................... 56 Pavement Infrastructure Need ..................................................................................................................... 56 Chapter 10: Transit and TDM ........................................................................................................................... 58 Existing Service, Travel Demand Management Strategies & Special Projects ................................................... 59 Chapter 11: Passenger Rail ................................................................................................................................. 63 Passenger Rail – Amtrak Pere Marquette ..................................................................................................... 63 Chapter 12: Freight ............................................................................................................................................ 70 Freight; Rail, Trucking and Air .................................................................................................................. 70 Freight Improvements ................................................................................................................................ 73 Freight Interests ......................................................................................................................................... 73 Michigan Freight Plan ............................................................................................................................... 74 Local Freight Planning Activities ................................................................................................................ 75 Summary and Emerging Issues ................................................................................................................... 79 Chapter 13: Air Transportation........................................................................................................................... 81 Cargo ....................................................................................................................................................... 82 Chapter 14: Non-Motorized Transportation ......................................................................................................... 83 Obstacles to Non-Motorized Transportation ................................................................................................ 85 Existing Non-Motorized Transportation Network ........................................................................................ 86 iv Grand Valley Metropolitan Council 2040 Metropolitan Transportation Plan Non-Motorized Transportation Improvements ............................................................................................. 89 Committee Makeup................................................................................................................................... 89 Plan Vision, Goals, and Performance Measures ........................................................................................... 90 Study Process and Project Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................................. 92 Non-Motorized Transportation Improvement Project List ............................................................................. 94 Chapter 15: Safety Management System .............................................................................................................. 99 Background .............................................................................................................................................. 99 Emphasis Areas ....................................................................................................................................... 102 Chapter 16: Bridge Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 109 Chapter 17: Financial Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 111 Chapter 18: Transportation Project List ............................................................................................................. 125 Illustrative Project List ............................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Networking Michigan with Trailways
    un un F F un F un un F F impacts existing trailways are having in towns like yours all around Michigan. around all yours like towns in having are trailways existing impacts how to start the process, details the extensive benefits of the system and shows you the you shows and system the of benefits extensive the details process, the start to how .. community community your your in in ailway ailway tr tr a a imagine imagine , , Now Now . community your in ailway tr a imagine , Now .. community community your your in in ailway ailway tr tr a a imagine imagine , , Now Now WherWheree CanCan aa MichiganMichigan This brochure tells you tells brochure This Economy Economy Economy Economy residential areas and even industrial areas. industrial even and areas residential Economy TTrrailwayailway TTakeake YYOU?OU? including forests, wetlands, river and lake shorelines, farmlands, shopping areas, shopping farmlands, shorelines, lake and river wetlands, forests, including modes of travel, they take you through the entire range of Michigan environments Michigan of range entire the through you take they travel, of modes This vision of a trailway network truly is a collaborative effort. Passage of the trailways legislation was supported by a broad coalition of agencies and But trailways are more than just a way to get from place to place. Open to many to Open place. to place from get to way a just than more are trailways But ation ation v v Conser Conser ation v Conser ation ation v v Conser Conser organizations. Now, dozens of “trailmakers”—agencies, organizations, communities e.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Rapids to L PO
    Gran Via Dr A N M ux Hills L e tr A l n n s C n r o P an on Wilkinson e T 132ND ST M o o Tillicum t 1. North Danboro Ct v Heron l STANTON RD Fa s S rms Meadow Ct ubvi t A Dr A STANTON Cl e w C n A 2. South Danboro Ct i Trufant WILLARD RD e s Grove r D L o k View Dr 132ND ST l W m v a ilk L n V s i i i t l u a Dr D n a s u A•B•C•D•E•F•G•H Creek r MapLegend AVE Chase g Ct o a n c A S T s V n i c D y W O u RD Q•R•S•T• U a t AVE M L r ilver R l a AVE R•S•T• U i l e a d y ov e b D g i Gr l l Egypt Valley Country Club East Via l WILLOW e R l l T d man D e alencia o Nor Dr PIERSON a y Lake r V r Dr Vista Ct r w a b V D M o Farms Dr o w 136TH ST 136TH r d Silver Hills Dr ST 136TH BUTTERNUT r o a Bike Lanes & Sharrows ST t ay W a PICNIC LAKE irw i RD a F o G AMBLE RD D i s e g STANTON RD e n p A YUONGMAN k RD r TrailEtiquette n d k s A y a v M C St r n n w s i e k g 1.
    [Show full text]
  • First Quarter 2018 Issue
    TCN First Quarter 2018 Issue WHAT'S INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Five Facts Our The Chamber Video: Members Will Guide to About Black Love About the 6 18 Valentine's Day in 24 Women Connect New Office Grand Rapids PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE MEMBERS CONTENTS First Quarter 2018 Issue 4 130th Annual Meeting A Day in the Life of Chamber 10 Government Affairs Pine Rest Offers Psychological "First Aid" Across the U.S. VISIONARY MEMBERS 21 IN EVERY ISSUE 16 | Member Spotlights 28 | Ribbon Cuttings 29 | Chamber Calendar 32 | Newsflashes 34 | Recently Joined The Chamber News Editorial Policy Articles written by outside authors do not necessarily reflect the view or position of the Grand Rapids Chamber. The position of the Chamber will be clearly stated. The Chamber reserves the right to reject advertising based on content and does not accept advertising that conflicts with a position of the Chamber. The advertising of products and services in The Chamber News does not necessarily represent endorsement by the Grand Rapids Chamber. The Chamber News is published quarterly by the Grand Rapids Chamber. 250 Monroe NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503. p: 616.771.0300 | f: 616.771.0318 | www.grandrapids.org 2 First Quarter 2018 grandrapids.org LETTER FROM THE EDITOR The start of the New Year always brings conversations surrounding resolutions, goals and new beginnings. At the Grand Rapids Chamber, it’s the real deal. A new look, a new building, new initiatives….all primed and ready to help CREATE GREAT businesses for our members in 2018 and beyond. Our new marketing team couldn’t be more pleased to be along for this ride as we refresh and revamp our new brand for you, as reflected in this first TCN of 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Michigan Trail
    41 ICONS KEY Paved Trail Crushed Stone Unimproved Road Portions Boardwalk Horses Snowmobiles ORV * Indicates companion notes regarding the trail, which may be found here: http://bit.ly/traildirectorynotes. MICHIGAN MULTI-USE TRAIL DIRECTORY & MAP ID NAME OF TRAIL MILES ENDPOINTS ID NAME OF TRAIL MILES ENDPOINTS Go for a bike ride, run or hike on Michigan's multi-use trails, stretching more than 2,100 miles across the state. 1 North Western State Trail 32 Mackinaw City, Petoskey 51 Ionia River Trail 4 City of Ionia This directory features trails over 3.5 miles, though there are many more across the state with less mileage. Trails http://bitly.com/nwstrail http://bit.ly/IRtrail Map Key Multi-Use Trails 2 Burt Lake Trail 5.5 Maple Bay Rd., Topinabee 52 *Fred Meijer Clinton-Ionia-Shiawassee Trail 42 Prairie Creek Bridge Ionia, Smith Rd., Owosso in the Lower Peninsula are mostly surfaced in asphalt, or crushed stone (granite/limestone). Trails in the Upper http://bit.ly/Blaketrail http://bit.ly/FMCIStrail Peninsula include some unimproved rail-trails (dirt/grass/gravel/ballast) as well as linear mountain bike trails 24 Trail ID - See Trail Table 3 *North Central State Trail 62 Mackinaw City, Gaylord 53 Portland Riverwalk 15 Portland High School -Cutler Rd. http://bitly.com/ncstrail http://bit.ly/Prtrail (dirt) through forests and parks. State parks are included as additional places to bike and hike, and many offer Connection Between Trails 4 North Eastern State Trail 71 Cheboygan, Alpena camping accommodations. This map may be downloaded from www.michigantrails.org/trails.
    [Show full text]
  • Kent County Trails & Parks
    Kent County Trails & Parks North Fisk Knob Country Gordon Park Trail Cooper Creek Park l Long Lake i White a Park r Pine T e Park n i North P Spencer e Country Forest t i h Trail W Bettes Memorial Park Myers Lake Park Wabasis Lake Park Luton Park Wahlfield Park Rogue River Park l ai Pickerel Lake Park Tr ne Fred Meijer Nature Preserve Pi North te Townsend Park hi Country W Trail Dwight Lydell Park Lamoreaux Park Lamoreaux M Memorial Park Provin uske tawa Trails Park Trail Knapp Valley Forest e l Grand l Seidman i v Fallasburg River Park n e Park e Edges r r o G t - Trail c Township l l e e Trails Chief Hazy Cloud Park n n w o o L Millennium Park C Johnson s ail Park Tr nt Ke Plaster Creek Trail P a u l H e Buck n Lowell ry T Future Regional Creek h o Park Trail Palmer rn a Park p s p l l i e a T r ra T il t Paris Park n e Southbelt Trail K Creekside Ruehs Park Park E x p e c Thornapple te d C Dutton o Riverbend Park m Park p Douglas le Brewer t io Walker n Park 2 0 North Park 0 5 Country Caledonia Trail Lakeside Park Coldwater River Park Existing Proposed Existing Proposed Existing Proposed Plaster Creek Trail Egypt Valley Trail Buck Creek Trail Existing County Parks North Country Trail Southbelt Trail Paul Henry Thornapple Trail Existing City/Township Parks Kent Trails Musketawa Trail Lowell-Greenville Connector White Pine Trail Grand River Edges Trail Township Trails 1 K G 7 r e 0 a n 0 n t d skiing and more.
    [Show full text]
  • Bike Grand Rapids
    BGRM_2017Final_Back2a.pdf 1 5/15/17 3:39 AM BUTTERNUT PICNIC LAKE .evA .evA .tS .evA .evA A M B L E R D WILLOW132ND To Cadillac YOUNGMAN STANTON RD MARBLE RD O A K A V E Canal GRAVEL RIDGE RD POPLAR AVE AVE Bradford MASON DR Lookout FERRIS AVE C O U NTY LINE R D Trufant VEA Ave. Ave. Ave. 132ND ST CODY LAKE RD St. Ave. Ave. PARIS RD ST SPRUCE AVE RD A•B•C•D•E•COTTON W OOD AVEF •G•H•I•J •K E L M A V E North LO N G R D ELDER AVE D A G GET R D D WILLARD RD Street ecalP .tS Downtown .tS R JONES RD .evA .tS R D M A P L E H I L L PIERSON Sixth Park .tS Country AVE 136TH ST 136TH .tS ST National 136TH ST R D STANTON Park St. LOCUST AVE PAEPKE RD THORNAPPLE BEEC H AVE TRUFANT RD TrailEtiquette H RD GRAND RAPIDS RD MASTERS KIMBALL BLA C K R D S JUNIPERScenic St. N EVE R D I Newberry D A G G E T R D REED F H E N K E L R D St. 140TH R D Newberry Trail KIMBALL E 131 RD RD KIMBALL RD T RD RD ST AVE I BASS tKEEP RIGHT H LAKE CYPRESS AVE RD RD KIMBALL W MapLegend McCLELLAND AVE NEWAYGO CO. RD All users must keep right except when passing or FEDERAL RD BUSINESS MOORE RD 22 MILE RD 22 MILE RD 22 MILE RD 22 MILE MONTCALM CO.
    [Show full text]
  • North Muskegon - Norton Shores - Roosevelt Park
    Ludington Big Rapids Montague - Whitehall Shared Use Path Regional Network in the Grand Region Legend F r 1 Beeline Trail 8 miles, paved - TRANSPORTATION NETWORK e t k Cadillac d r Vehicle Traffic Volume* 2 Fred Meijer Berry Junction r a a M Paved H (Vehicles per day) e Trail 11 miles, paved 4’ or greater paved l 18 Mile Rd i Unpaved Paved shoulder or bike lane j Walsh Rd P e t a e Minor Roads/No Data** i 3 Fred Meijer Clinton - Ionia- r r Light (under 2,500) W o Shiawassee Trail h m 41 miles, surface varies Medium (2,500 - 10,000) Slkkenga Rd Slkkenga i W Jagger Rd Grass Lake Rd e t a t S l i a Heavy (above 10,000) e r M 4 Fred Meijer Flat River Valley T P Ludington Primary Roads/No Data Interchange i Rail Trail 2 miles, surface varies n Eilers Rd Limited Access Highway e gue Active Rail Line T 5 Fred Meijer Grand River Valley 21 r Pere Marquette Amtrak*** a Rail Trail 16 miles, surface varies i l Ferry S illiam MFioenldta 6 Fred Meijer Heartland Trail F t Short Ferry a W Trac volumes are estimated on an average 24-hour period. Rush hour (peak period) trac volume can be much greater at t 46 miles, paved * e other times of the day. Trac volume also varies by season and day of the week. P Minor Roads/No Data generally have lower trac volumes. Big Rapids 7 Big Rapids ** a Fred Meijer Kenowa Trail Amtrak Pere Marquette service (Chicago to Grand Rapids) accepts roll-on bike reservations with some restrictions, see 17 Mile Rd Riverwalk r *** k 12 miles, paved www.amtrak.com for more information.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Region Nonmotorized Plan Project Website
    MDOT Grand Region Regional Nonmotorized Plan 2017 MDOT Grand Region Regional Nonmotorized Plan 1 Front Cover Photo: City of Walker - Standale Trail Tunnel Acknowledgements This document has been prepared by MDOT in coordination with multiple agencies, communities, and regional stakeholders. MDOT would especially like to thank the individuals who participated as a member of the Nonmotorized Plan Team for their assistance in the development of this Plan. Cynthia Krupp, Project Manager, MDOT Steve Redmond, Project Coordinator, MDOT Dennis Kent, Region Planner, MDOT Deb Alfonso, Intermodal Services Manager, MDOT Josh DeBruyn, Bicycle and Pedestrian Coordinator, MDOT Nonmotorized Plan Core Team Members Susan Rozema, MDOT Grand Region John Morrison, West Michigan Trails & Greenways Coalition Elisa Hoekwater, Macatawa Area Coordinating Council Nikki Van Bloem, DNR Trails Specialist Mike Smith, MDOT Transportation Alternatives Program Manager Amy Matisoff, MDOT Grant Coordinator Travis Mabry, City of Walker Joe Pung, City of Kentwood Mark Sweppenheiser, City of Big Rapids Jay Fowler, Greater Grand Rapids Bicycle Coalition Laurel Joseph, Grand Valley Metropolitan Council Consultants: livingLAB The Greenway Collaborative Williams & Works Additional thanks to all those who participated in the Outreach sessions and provided review and comments during the Plan development. September 2017 MDOT Grand Region Regional Nonmotorized Plan 2 MDOT Grand Region Regional Nonmotorized Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 PURPOSE, PROCESS + OVERVIEW 6 FUNDING OPTIONS + 24 HIGHLIGHTED DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS EXISTING/PROPOSED FACILITIES + PRIORTIES 35 APPENDICES 83 Highlighted MDOT Guidance Resource Links MDOT Grand Region Regional Nonmotorized Plan 3 Credit: Karen Gentry ©Michigan Trails Magazine Executive Summary Nonmotorized transportation, commonly referred to The primary goals of the Plan are to: as bicycle and pedestrian travel, is vitally important • Document the existing and proposed network to Michigan residents.
    [Show full text]
  • West Michigan Parks and Recreation Inventory - 8 County Coverage - Updated 1.26.09
    West Michigan Parks and Recreation Inventory - 8 County coverage - Updated 1.26.09 Allegan County Barry County City of Belding Cannon Township City of Holland Douglas Fremont Grand Haven Grand Rapids Greenville Holland Township Ionia County Kent County Laketown Township Montcalm County City of Muskegon Muskegon County Newaygo County Ottawa County Park Township Port Sheldon Township City of Portland Saugatuck Saugatuck Township State of Michigan Trails, Greenways, Zeeland Zeeland Township Multi-use trails Other Parks/Open Space Land Conservancy of West Michigan JURISDICTION PROPERTY NAME ACRES PROPERTY ADDRESS USAGE Allegan County Dumont Lake Park 18.6 2417-31st Street Beach, Picnic Pavilion, Picnic areas, Playground Equipment, Fishing and restrooms Dumont Lake Park & Launch 3 33rd Street Boat Launch w/vault Toilet Facilities Bysterveld Park 70 14th St. & 142nd Ave. Natural Area 4.1 2397 Patterson Road Picnic Pavilion, Picnic Areas, Beach, Gun Lake Park & Launch Swimming, Boat Launch, Restrooms 113 3540 1 113th Ave. Picnic Pavilion, Softball, Picnic Areas, Playground Equipment, Beach, ADA accessible Wooden Walkway to Beach, Littlejohn Lake Park Basketball Court, Nature Trail, Restrooms 320 3900 134th Ave. & entrance off 38th Street Primitive Campground with hand pump wells and vault toilets. 65 horseman sites, 10-non horse sites, Trails, Trout Stream, Silver Creek Park/Campground near Allegan State Game Area's special use area for horses 11 2152 Lakeshore Drive Picnic Pavilions, Picnic areas, Fenced Tot- Lot, Wooden Stair access to Lake Michigan Beach, ADA accessible Westside Park Restrooms 90 116th Ave. mile east of 51st Street 73 Site Primitive Campground with hand pump wells and vault toilets, Beach, Boat Ely Lake Campground Launch (no motor lake) 80 44th Street, mile south of 118th Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • Budget Document That Meets Program Criteria As a Policy Document, As an Operations Guide, As a Financial Plan, and As a Communications Device
    2015 ANNUAL BUDGET Kent County, Michigan Daryl J. Delabbio County Administrator/Controller Stephen W. Duarte Fiscal Services Director The Government Finance Officers Association of the United States and Canada (GFOA) presented a Distinguished Budget Presentation Award to Kent County, Michigan for its annual budget for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2014. In order to receive this award, a governmental unit must publish a budget document that meets program criteria as a policy document, as an operations guide, as a financial plan, and as a communications device. This award is valid for a period of one year only. The current budget continues to conform to program requirements, and will be submitted to the GFOA to determine its eligibility for another award. Table of Contents Table of Contents Readers’ Guide Readers’ Guide ......................................................................................................................................... 9 County Profile ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Organizational Structure .......................................................................................................................... 19 Budget Process ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Basis for Budgeting .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Nonmotorized Transportation Plan
    GRAND VALLEY METROPOLITAN COUNCIL GRAND VALLEY METROPOLITAN COUNCIL NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION PLAN MMaayy,,, 22001144 2014 Grand Valley Metropolitan Council Non-Motorized PlanM Element-37/ALPINE AVENUE FOOTPATH, ALPINE TOWNSHIPi 2014 NON-MOTORIZED PLAN ELEMENT GRAND VALLEY METROPOLITAN COUNCIL NON -MOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION PLAN May, 2014 PREPARED BY THE GRAND VALLEY METROPOLITAN COUNCIL TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT 678 FRONT AVENUE NW, SUITE 200 GRAND RAPIDS, MI 49504 (616)776-3876 FAX: (616)774-9292 HTTP://WWW.GVMC.ORG/TRANSPORTATION ii 2014 Grand Valley Metropolitan Council Non-Motorized Plan Element GRAND VALLEY METROPOLITAN COUNCIL Credits The GVMC Non-Motorized Transportation Plan update was primarily assembled and edited in winter 2013-2014 by Michael Zonyk, GVMC Transportation Planner, with input, suggestions and guidance from the entire GVMC Transportation staff as well as the GVMC Non-Motorized Transportation Com- mittee and the general public. The Grand Valley Metropolitan Council would like to express its appreciation to the following: The GVMC Non-Motorized Transportation Committee—for their leadership and patience throughout the planning process. John Luton—for providing several bicycle facility images used within this document. Cover photograph: Pedestrian/Bicycle Footpath on the M-37/Alpine Ave North of I-96 in Alpine Township. Photo used to reflect existing need and latent demand for additional infrastructure im- provements. Photo courtesy and ©Copyright Sue Becker. Used by Permission. 2014 Grand Valley Metropolitan Council
    [Show full text]
  • Social Profile of the Lower Grand River Watershed
    A Social Profile of the Lower Grand River Watershed Lower Grand River Organization of Watersheds Initiatives Implementation Project Tracking Code: #2007‐0137 Andy Bowman, Project Manager Grand Valley Metro Council (616) 776‐7611 Janice Tompkins, Project Administrator Department of Environmental Quality Betty Gajewski, Contractor Center for Environmental Study March 2011 Prepared by the Center for Environmental Study Acknowledgements – Project Partners Michigan Department of Natural The Grand Valley Metropolitan Council (GVMC) Resources and Environment is a regional alliance dedicated to promoting cooperation and coordination among local Michigan’s Nonpoint Source (NPS) Program governments in the metropolitan Grand Rapids assists local units of government, non‐profit area. Created in 1990, its membership includes entities, and other partners in reducing 35 local governments, representing more than nonpoint source pollution. Watershed 700,000 people. Its mission is to advance the management is the basis of the program with current and future well‐being of the most projects funded for developing watershed metropolitan area by bringing together public management plans or implementing the NPS and private sectors to cooperatively advocate, activities from these plans. The NPS Program plan for, and coordinate the provision of consists of: services and investments which have environmental, economic and social impact. Technical assistance in developing and implementing watershed management Annis Water Resources Institute ‐ plans. Grand Valley State University Information and education. Grants, including federal Clean Water Act The Robert B. Annis Water Resources Institute funds and the Clean Michigan Initiative. (AWRI) at Grand Valley State University is a Compliance and enforcement. multidisciplinary research organization Monitoring and field investigations to committed to the study of freshwater determine effectiveness of the NPS resources.
    [Show full text]