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MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW : THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, COLUMBIA THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of this state, shall be the trustee of this state - Laws of Missouri, 1899; Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri, 2000, chapter 183. OFFICERS, 2004-2007 RICHARD FRANKLIN, Independence, President ROBERT G. J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, First Vice President JAMES R. REINHARD, Hannibal, Second Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM JR., Columbia, Third Vice President DONNA G. HUSTON Marshall, Fourth Vice President HENRY J. WATERS III, Columbia, Fifth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Sixth Vice President and Treasurer GARY R. KREMER, Jefferson City, Executive Director, Secretary, and Librarian PERMANENT TRUSTEES FORMER PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla Avis G TUCKER, Kansas City TRUSTEES, 2002-2005 CHARLES B. BROWN, Kennett W. GRANT MCMURRAY, Independence CHARLES W. DIGGES, SR., Columbia THOMAS L. MILLER, SR., Washington COLIN LONG, Waynesville BONNIE STEPENOFF, Cape Girardeau JAMES R. MAYO, Bloomfield PHEBE ANN WILLIAMS, Kirkwood TRUSTEES, 2003-2006 JOHN L. BULLION, Columbia BRIAN K. SNYDER, Independence JAMES B. NUTTER, Kansas City ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis DALE REESMAN, Boonville TRUSTEES, 2004-2007 W H. (BERT) BATES, Kansas City VIRGINIA J. LAAS, Joplin CHARLES R. BROWN, St. Louis EMORY MELTON, Cassville DOUG CREWS, Columbia JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City WIDGET HARTY EWING, Columbia BRENT SCHONDELMEYER, Independence EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight trustees elected by the board of trustees, together with the president of the Society, consti tute the executive committee. The executive director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. RICHARD FRANKLIN, Independence, Chairman BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia DOUG CREWS, Columbia H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid ROBERT G. J. HOESTER, Kirkwood CHARLES R. BROWN, St. Louis VIRGINIA J. LAAS, Joplin LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOLUME XCIX, NUMBER 4 JULY 2005 GARY R. KREMER LYNN WOLF GENTZLER Editor Associate Editor LISA WEINGARTH Information Specialist The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is published quarterly by the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Receipt of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is a benefit of membership in the State Historical Society of Missouri. Phone (573) 882-7083; fax (573) 884-4950; e-mail [email protected]; Web site www.umsystem.edu/shs. Periodicals postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Copyright © 2005 by The State Historical Society of Missouri COVER DESCRIPTION: Missouri's waterways have long played a central role in summertime recreational activities. This 1950s postcard depicts two young women sunbathing beside a stream in the Ozarks. The photo essay "Having a Grand . Vacation," beginning on page 317, features more images from the Society's collection of individuals, groups, and families enjoying summer in the state. [Massie, Missouri Resources Division, SHSMO 007918] EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be con sidered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The footnotes, prepared according to 77;e Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed., also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts, prefer ably in Microsoft Word, on a disk or CD. Two hard copies still are required. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation, and style are criteria for acceptance and publication. Manuscripts, exclusive of footnotes, should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of the State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be published elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Missouri Historical Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American Histoiy, The Western Historical Quarterly, and The Journal of American Histoiy. Manuscript submissions should be addressed to Dr. Gary R. Kremer, Editor, Missouri Historical Review, State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298; or e-mail [email protected]. BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN PATRICK HUBER University of Missouri-Rolla University of Missouri-Rolla WILLIAM E. FOLEY VIRGINA J. LAAS Central Missouri State University Missouri Southern State University Warrensburg Joplin ALAN R. HAVIG BONNIE STEPENOFF Stephens College Southeast Missouri State University Columbia Cape Girardeau ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia CONTENTS EXPLOSION OF THE STEAMBOAT SALUDA: TRAGEDY AND COMPASSION AT LEXINGTON, MISSOURI, 1852 By William G. Hartley and Fred E. Woods 281 T. K. WHIPPLE AND THE LITERARY MOVE TO AMERICA By Lewis O. Saum 306 "HAVING A GRAND . .. VACATION" 317 NEWS IN BRIEF 338 MISSOURI HISTORY IN NEWSPAPERS 339 MISSOURI HISTORY IN MAGAZINES 345 BOOK REVIEWS 351 Kaplan, Fred. The Singular Mark Twain. Reviewed by Alan Havig. Fiedler, David. The Enemy Among Us: POWs in Missouri During World War II. Reviewed by Joel Rhodes. Stepenoff, Bonnie. Thad Snow: A Life of Social Reform in the Missouri Bootheel. Reviewed by Patrick Huber. BOOK NOTES 355 Carnahan, Jean. Don't Let the Fire Go Oat! Ferrell, Robert. Collapse at Meuse-Argonne: The Failure of the Missouri-Kansas Division. Potts, Louis W, and Ann M. Sligar, Watkins Mill: The Factory) on the Farm. History of Scott County, Missouri. Zink, Wilbur A. 77 All Started with a Tornado: Memories of My Home Town: "The Prairie Queen, " Appleton City, Missouri, St. Clair County. Landon, Donald D. Daring to Excel: The First 100 Years of Southwest Missouri State University. McMillen, Margot Ford, and Heather Roberson. Into the Spotlight: Four Missouri Women. History & Families: Polk County, Missouri. Kirkendall, Richard S., ed. Harty's Farewell: Interpreting and Teaching the Truman Presidency. INDEX TO VOLUME XCIX 358 WITH PEN OR CRAYON Inside Back Cover SHSMO 242981 Explosion of the Steamboat Saluda: Tragedy and Compassion at Lexington, Missouri, 1852 BY WILLIAM G. HARTLEY AND FRED E. WOODS* On April 9, 1852, the aging sidewheeler steamboat Saluda, loaded with passengers and cargo heading up the Missouri River, exploded at Lexington, Missouri. Loss of life and limb was so horrific that the disaster received wide spread newspaper coverage then and significant commentary since in Missouri county histories and books about western steamboating.1 Scholars have described the event as "the most terrible disaster that ever occurred on the *William G. Hartley is an associate research professor of history at Brigham Young University's Smith Institute, Prove He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in history at BYU and has completed doctoral course work at Washington State University. Fred E. Woods is a professor at BYU specializing in Mormon migration. He holds degrees from BYU and received his PhD from the University of Utah. Hartley and Woods co-authored a book titled Explosion of the Steamboat Saluda, pub lished by Millennial Press in 2002. Histories of the Saluda explosion include Dan H. Spies, "The Story of the 'Saluda': A Rescript of the Biggest and Most Fatal Steamboat Explosion on the Missouri River" (typescript, University of Missouri-Columbia, [pre-1965]), and William G. Hartley and Fred E. Woods, Explosion of the Steamboat Saluda (Riverton, UT: Millennial Press, 2002). See also "Steam Boiler Explosion," in History of Ray County, Mo. (St. Louis: Missouri Historical Co., 1881), 377, and Walter Williams, ed., A History of Northwest Missouri (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1915), 1: 159. 282 Missouri Historical Review Missouri."2 That claim, however, cannot be verified because newspapers at the time and historians since have put forth veiy different estimates of passenger numbers and casualties. The Saluda disaster "has become a legend of the river. Much has been written about it and much romancing has been done."3 Several questions linger like hazy smoke around the Saluda's story: How many passengers were on board when the boat left St. Louis? How many when it exploded? Who were they? Where were they headed? How many, by name, can be identified as killed or missing? What became of the sur vivors? What did they say about the tragedy? Other matters also deserve revisiting, such as: What was the condition of the Saluda? What caused the explosion? Who is to blame? How did Lexington residents respond to the tragedy? The authors have drawn from their recent and ongoing research in an attempt to answer those questions and properly position the Saluda