Lainya County WASH ERT Assessment Report:

1. General Information:

Assessment Location Lainya County – (Former Central ) State, County, Payam, Precise location: Lainya center, Logwili, Loka Round, Lokurubang and Nyipara Boma, Precise Location boma. Lainya Centre N: 040 21’ 2.63’ E: 0310 03.56’.16’ GPS Coordinate Logwili Boma N04022’8.21’ E: 0310 07’16.39’ Lokurubang N 04019,3.39’ E 0310 03 18.09’ Type of Crises ☐ Conflict ☐ Natural Disaster ☐Other (specify): Protracted, under-served displacement (Conflict/Natural Disaster/Other) (under- served) ☐ PoC ☐ Collective Centres ☐ Spontaneous Settlements Site Type ☒ Host Communities ☒Other (specify): Returnees

Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)/ Partners Staff Name Position Contacts Phone Email Assessment Team Lodule Peter Laku Protection 0922475511 [email protected] (Name of I/NGO in the Coordinator – Team 0912475511 Assessment Team, Name Leader of Staff, Contract Details Abuna Hillary .A. WASH -PO 0921712208, [email protected] of Staff including Sat 0911712208 Phone) Murye Silas Eluzai EiE Project Officer [email protected]

Ladu Charles S- NFIs P.O 09282406162 [email protected]

Date of Alert May 28, 2019 ( Follow up meeting with MaCDA 17th June) Date of Assessment (starting date/ending 20th -- 27th June 2019 date) Date of Submission 02st June 2019 Population Size 6,150 (1025 HHs) (estimated)

2 Introduction:

WASH, Education, Shelter NFIs, FSL and Protection assessments were conducted after getting report from Mother and Child Development Agency (MaCDA) that 6,705 Individuals (15-20) HH returnees IDPs are coming on daily basis to Lainya County. Since MaCDA is implementing FSL, they called a partner/ partners for a scale up of humanitarian response in Lainya Centre, Logwili, Loka Round, Lokurubang and Nyipara in Lainya County. These areas were reported to be a catchment area for IDPs and returnees and host communities who are also vulnerable too.

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According to secondary data sources, there were approximately 19,000 individuals’, about 3167 HH influx of returnees who arrived in Lainya County between April and June 2019 due to increasing movement restriction of Refugee to access other services in the camps - . Also there is no enough class room for children education as such 80-100 pupils are in one classroom, which contributed to poor learner performance in their education. The major reason for coming back to their ancestral place is lack of food as the food ratio which was distributed cannot last for one month before the next distribution take off, with significant improvement on security situation in some parts of Payams in Lainya County made returnees IDPs to come back home.

As result NRC conducted Multisectoral assessment in Lainya County mainly Lainya Centre, Logwili, Loka Round, Lokurubang and Nyipara to carry out an in-depth WASH assessment needs of the returnees IDPs as well as Host community. However, there are places were bigger number of IDPs are such as Bereka Payam, Lomikin Payam, Loka west and Mukaya County, but it was not possible for the team to access these areas to find out the need of IDPs/returnees due to security concerns and road accessibility those areas. According to RRC and local authorities, they said it is possible for NRC to reach these communities after proper coordination is carried out by Paramount chief and Religious leaders in Lainya County to talks to authorities of armed groups controlling those areas to allow NGOs to deliver Humanitarians assistance to returnees and IDPs in those areas. _____ 3. Background:

Lainya County is one of the County in Yei River State and it has five Payams (Lainya Centre, Logwili, Kenyi, Limbe and Bereka) Lainya County is one of the newly created county of Yei River State, decreed by the H. E the President of South in 2015.Lainya County is located along Yei High way about 63 KMs from Juba and 37 KMs from Yei. Lainya County is inhabited by Pojulu tribe of . Since 2016 conflict broke out in Juba Capital and it escalated to others part of the country, Lainya County was one of the affected Counties in Yei River State, as such all people flee deep to the bush while other went to Yei, Uganda, Congo and Juba. Immediately the same year after the fighting stop and calm return in the area, people displaced nearby started returning to Lainya Centre, Logwili, Loka Round, Lokurubang and Nyipora, however highest number of IDPs are in Bereka Payam, Loka west in Lainya Payam, Lomilikin in Kenyi Payam located 5- 10 KMs away from Lainya Centre. These areas are in accessible due to security concern since it is they are under controlled of armed groups in Lainya County Yei River State. According to the authorities and the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) there are currently 19,362 individuals 3,227 HHs Returnees / IDPs who came to Lainya County and surrounding Payams or villages such as Lainya Centre, Logwili, Kenyi Bereka and Limbe. However, 26,700 Individuals, 4,660 HH are host community in the five Payams of Lainya county. The areas accessed by NRC assessment team where returnees IDPs and host Communities are including Lainya Centre and Lokwili is 13,410 individuals, 2235 HH, while host community in these two community are 24,738 Individuals, 4,123 HHs however the figures given were not verified. The IDPs/ Refugee returnees started coming back to Lainya County in Feb 2019, however, RRC reported that from April- June 2019, approximately 15-20 HHs are coming on daily on voluntary basis. The assessment was prompted by the information shared by ES-NFIs cluster dated 28th May, 2019 which stated that the case load of 6,700 individual’s returnees need assistance. Hence NRC made a follow up

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meeting with MaCDA dated 17th June 2019.MaCDA updated NRC team on the gaps in Education S-NFIs, WASH and Protection, on 20th June 2019, NRC decided to conduct Multi- Sectoral Assessment in Lainya County. ___- 4. Objectives of WASH assessment in Lainya County:

 Determine the protection risks/needs of the IDPS/Returnees in Lainya  Determine the humanitarian needs in term of WASH, shelter/ NFIs, Food security and Education  Provide recommendations for appropriate response based on the needs identified in the field needs.

5. Assessment Methodology:

The assessment consisted of a secondary data review, particularly updates from ES- NFIs Cluster dated 28th May 2019 and follow-up meeting dated 17th June 2019 conducted with MaCDA and OCHA fact findings on Lainya County - Yei River State assessment reports provided by OCHA as well as direct observations, key informant interviews and Focus group discussions as mentioned below: FGDs: Three focus group discussions were carried out, 1 FGDs was conducted with women and girls of child bearing age both from returnees IDPs and Host community. First FGD consisted of 8 people, Females of 19 to 40 years of age, and the second one consisted of 7 (3 Females ,4 males) 30 to 60 years of age). The third FGD was done with both males and females (4 males and 6 females) and this group was also covering people from the IDPs, returnees and the host community. People from different ages ranging from 18 to 50+ years old have participated in the discussions in order to get the view of people with different needs. KIIs: One KII was conducted with 15 people. In this interview, we made sure to include both males and females from the IDPs, returnees and host community, we also made sure to include people from different age groups in order to cover all group’s needs. HH Interviews: A total number of 56 HH interviews were conducted both with returnees and host community, 30 with the returnees and 26 interviews were done with the host community. This process was carried out with help of trained enumerators who administered the questionnaires to the respondents using WASH hard copy questionnaires. Transect walk and observation: To get some primary data, the assessment team walked through the communities, to observe the existence of water facilities on the ground as well as the hygiene

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and sanitation practices of the residents. The transect walk was through the community and also covering places such as the schools.

6. Key Findings:

WASH services: 1.1 Water Supply Based on the information from KII, ACROSS is currently managing water supply in Lainya County as whole, last year ACROSS repaired a number of boreholes but they reportedly said there are financial, lack of hand pump spare parts and capacity constraints that limit that from repairing the faulty boreholes (hand pumps). In a separate interview with the County Water Department and the RRC, a total of 89 boreholes (hand pumps) were said to be present in Lainya county but only 37 are functional and the other 52 are nonfunctional. The all the hand pumps were being managed by the Water Management committees who were trained by ACROSS but because of the conflict many left Lainya for other locations. Again from the HH interviews, 38% of the respondents confidently said the get their drinking water from the hand pumps, meanwhile 57% said they get their water for drinking and other domestic use from either rivers or stagnant (swamps) and 5 % reported getting water from the tap stand, although no functional tap stand was observed during the assessment period. Therefore, only few individual households have access to safe and clean water for their domestic use as shown on the figure 1 below;

What is the main source of drinking water? 38.10% 40.00% 35.00% 28.57% 28.57% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00%

10.00% 4.76% 5.00% 0.00% hand pump River/stream Swamp/stagnant/lake Tap Figure 1: Main sources of drinking water

Sanitation From an observation, there are presence of shared household latrines in the residential areas where IDPs, returnees and host communities are dwelling. When asked about the usages and

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access to the latrines, only 19% of the respondents said they were using the latrines but about 81% of the respondents were using latrine as shown on figure 2 below; their reason for not using was centered on the lack of latrines in their areas. However, in mixed FGD of both men and women, most of the respondent express their readiness to construct their household latrines when assisted with the latrine construction tools

Do you use latrine?

19.05% No Yes 80.95% o

Figure 2 percentage of population that access latrine

Hygiene Promotion. On hygiene promotion, the knowledge and practice of good hygiene behaviors are moderate, this evidenced in FGD where most of the women in discussion were able to mention at least three critical hand washing times. Though the knowledge was spelled out so easily the practice still registered to be too low since from observation no household was observed to be having a hand washing facility near a latrine and no breastfeeding mother was seen washing her hands before feeding a baby. WASH NFIs. Most of interviewed households have reported receiving some water containers and soap in 2018 from ACROSS but the distribution was only for the most vulnerable households who came during that time. However recently, returnees IDPs from Uganda, Juba and other locations did not receive any WASH NFIs. On MHM kits, women and girls of reproductive age said they were not provided for any assistance for their feminine needs. However, Menstrual Hygiene kits are present in the local market but most IDPs and returnees said they have got no money to buy the kits.

8.Conclusion and Recommendations:

Following recent report from ES-NFIs cluster and MaCDA operating in Lainya County, they stated that the influx of the returnees IDPs coming from Uganda, Juba, Yei and deep in the bush to Lainya county. FGD KII participants reported that most of the population have no intention of leaving back to Uganda since security is relative calm in some part of the county. KIs stated that lack of sanitary pad, WASH NFIs and spare parts for the boreholes repair thus hindered delivering of clean and safe and affordable drinking water. Provision of water purifiers for treating water

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for those who get water directly from un safe water sources and other WASH services are the major concern, citing an increased risk of an outbreak of water-borne diseases as there are inadequate latrines and poor hygiene practices in the area. 9. Recommendations:

Conduct AAP in WASH training to Local authorities and returnees/IDPs and host Communities to know their roles and participate accordingly for the sustainability of the humanitarian’s assistance/response. Refresher training to already trained Community hygiene promoters and PM conducting hygiene promotion activities and repair of 20 minor boreholes, 05 for major Rehab of broken boreholes in Lainya County, Provision of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials to enhance hygiene promotion activities. Distribution of WASH NFIs materials and water treatments materials and to be backup with hygiene promotion activities in the Community. Distribution of hygiene and dignity kits for feminine Menstrual Management hygiene to returnees and host community and Schools children to be accompany by Menstrual hygiene awareness among feminine of reproductive ages on the usage of reusable sanitary pads. Distribution of hygiene kit to young girls and boys in 6 schools, restructuring. Construction of 80 (40 blocks) communal latrine stances benefiting 4,000 individuals, where returnees, host community will share latrines through community participation. 10. Annex: pictures, Map, document etc: Water point- Lainya County:

Location Total #of # functional # Nonfunctional boreholes boreholes boreholes. Logwili Boma 20 10 10 Kenyi Payam 37 08 29 Limbe Payam 48 09 39 Bereka Payam 19 13 06 Lainya Payam 89 37 52

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