Alpha Base Capsules Without Iron
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Does Dietary Fiber Affect the Levels of Nutritional Components After Feed Formulation?
fibers Article Does Dietary Fiber Affect the Levels of Nutritional Components after Feed Formulation? Seidu Adams 1 ID , Cornelius Tlotliso Sello 2, Gui-Xin Qin 1,3,4, Dongsheng Che 1,3,4,* and Rui Han 1,3,4 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (G.-X.Q.); [email protected] (R.H.) 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; [email protected] 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118, China 4 Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-136-4431-9554 Received: 12 January 2018; Accepted: 25 April 2018; Published: 7 May 2018 Abstract: Studies on dietary fiber and nutrient bioavailability have gained an increasing interest in both human and animal nutrition. Questions are increasingly being asked regarding the faith of nutrient components such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and lipids after feed formulation. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence with the perspective of fiber usage in feed formulation. The consumption of dietary fiber may affect the absorption of nutrients in different ways. The physicochemical factors of dietary fiber, such as fermentation, bulking ability, binding ability, viscosity and gel formation, water-holding capacity and solubility affect nutrient absorption. The dietary fiber intake influences the different methods in which nutrients are absorbed. -
Mineral Absorption & Deficiency
Mineral Absorption & Deficiency Mineral Absorption and Deficiency By Yvette R. Schlussel, Ph.D. Rutgers University Summary Conclusions A wide range of minerals is essential for human health. The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) serve as guidelines for daily intakes of nutrients that population groups in the United States should have in their diets. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) have been established for the following essential minerals: calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. In addition, DRIs have been set for other trace elements, which have been identified to have important-if not essential roles in maintaining health. These include: iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, boron, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, lithium, iodine and fluoride(1). There is evidence that the need for mineral intake is not being met, especially in certain subpopulations. It is difficult for most individuals to ingest enough calcium from foods available in a cereal-based economy without liberal consumption of dairy products, for example.(2) Supplementation with minerals is recommended to complement dietary intake and avoid deficiencies. (3) Mineral supplements are associated with different absorptive capacities. The absorption of minerals depends on a number of physiological, biochemical, and hormonal characteristics of the consumer and the form of the mineral consumed. Potential mineral sources are not all alike and should be evaluated for bioavailability.(4) Factors that enhance mineral absorption include the form of the mineral ingested, maintenance of chemical stability, presence of a specific transporter, small particle size, solubility, ascorbic acid, and low intestinal motility. Factors that inhibit absorption include oxalic acid, phytic acid, (5) fiber(6), sodium, tannins(7), caffeine, protein, fat, antacids, rapid transit time, malabsorption syndromes, precipitation by alkalinization, other minerals(8), hormones and nutritional status(9). -
PROVISIONAL PEER-REVIEWED TOXICITY VALUES for VANADIUM and ITS SOLUBLE INORGANIC COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN VANADIUM PENTOXIDE (CASRN 7440-62-2 and Others)
EPA/690/R-09/070F l Final 9-30-2009 Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for Vanadium and Its Soluble Inorganic Compounds Other Than Vanadium Pentoxide (CASRN 7440-62-2 and Others) Derivation of Subchronic and Chronic Oral RfDs Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 Commonly Used Abbreviations BMD Benchmark Dose IRIS Integrated Risk Information System IUR inhalation unit risk LOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect level LOAELADJ LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration LOAELHEC LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human NOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect level NOAELADJ NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration NOAELHEC NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human NOEL no-observed-effect level OSF oral slope factor p-IUR provisional inhalation unit risk p-OSF provisional oral slope factor p-RfC provisional inhalation reference concentration p-RfD provisional oral reference dose RfC inhalation reference concentration RfD oral reference dose UF uncertainty factor UFA animal to human uncertainty factor UFC composite uncertainty factor UFD incomplete to complete database uncertainty factor UFH interhuman uncertainty factor UFL LOAEL to NOAEL uncertainty factor UFS subchronic to chronic uncertainty factor i FINAL 9-30-2009 PROVISIONAL PEER-REVIEWED TOXICITY VALUES FOR VANADIUM AND ITS SOLUBLE INORGANIC COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN VANADIUM PENTOXIDE (CASRN 7440-62-2 and others) Background On December 5, 2003, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) revised its hierarchy of human health toxicity values for Superfund risk assessments, establishing the following three tiers as the new hierarchy: 1) U.S. -
1 Abietic Acid R Abrasive Silica for Polishing DR Acenaphthene M (LC
1 abietic acid R abrasive silica for polishing DR acenaphthene M (LC) acenaphthene quinone R acenaphthylene R acetal (see 1,1-diethoxyethane) acetaldehyde M (FC) acetaldehyde-d (CH3CDO) R acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal CH acetaldoxime R acetamide M (LC) acetamidinium chloride R acetamidoacrylic acid 2- NB acetamidobenzaldehyde p- R acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride 4- R acetamidodeoxythioglucopyranose triacetate 2- -2- -1- -β-D- 3,4,6- AB acetamidomethylthiazole 2- -4- PB acetanilide M (LC) acetazolamide R acetdimethylamide see dimethylacetamide, N,N- acethydrazide R acetic acid M (solv) acetic anhydride M (FC) acetmethylamide see methylacetamide, N- acetoacetamide R acetoacetanilide R acetoacetic acid, lithium salt R acetobromoglucose -α-D- NB acetohydroxamic acid R acetoin R acetol (hydroxyacetone) R acetonaphthalide (α)R acetone M (solv) acetone ,A.R. M (solv) acetone-d6 RM acetone cyanohydrin R acetonedicarboxylic acid ,dimethyl ester R acetonedicarboxylic acid -1,3- R acetone dimethyl acetal see dimethoxypropane 2,2- acetonitrile M (solv) acetonitrile-d3 RM acetonylacetone see hexanedione 2,5- acetonylbenzylhydroxycoumarin (3-(α- -4- R acetophenone M (LC) acetophenone oxime R acetophenone trimethylsilyl enol ether see phenyltrimethylsilyl... acetoxyacetone (oxopropyl acetate 2-) R acetoxybenzoic acid 4- DS acetoxynaphthoic acid 6- -2- R 2 acetylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal R acetylacetone (pentanedione -2,4-) M (C) acetylbenzonitrile p- R acetylbiphenyl 4- see phenylacetophenone, p- acetyl bromide M (FC) acetylbromothiophene 2- -5- -
The Mineral Composition of Wild-Type and Cultivated Varieties of Pasture Species
agronomy Article The Mineral Composition of Wild-Type and Cultivated Varieties of Pasture Species Tegan Darch 1,* , Steve P. McGrath 2 , Michael R. F. Lee 1,3 , Deborah A. Beaumont 1 , Martin S. A. Blackwell 1, Claire A. Horrocks 1, Jessica Evans 4 and Jonathan Storkey 2 1 Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK; [email protected] (M.R.F.L.); [email protected] (D.A.B.); [email protected] (M.S.A.B.); [email protected] (C.A.H.) 2 Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK; [email protected] (S.P.M.); [email protected] (J.S.) 3 Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset BS40 5DU, UK 4 Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 22 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: Mineral deficiencies in livestock are often prevented by using prophylactic supplementation, which is imprecise and inefficient. Instead, the trend for increased species diversity in swards is an opportunity to improve mineral concentrations in the basal diet. Currently, there are limited data on the mineral concentrations of different species and botanical groups, particularly for I and Se, which are among the most deficient minerals in livestock diets. We grew 21 pasture species, including some cultivar/wild type comparisons, of grasses, legumes and forbs, as single species stands in a pot study in a standard growth medium. -
Vanadium in Biosphere and Its Role in Biological Processes
Biological Trace Element Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1289-y Vanadium in Biosphere and Its Role in Biological Processes Deepika Tripathi1 & Veena Mani1 & Ravi Prakash Pal1 Received: 9 July 2017 /Accepted: 26 February 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Ultra-trace elements or occasionally beneficial elements (OBE) are the new categories of minerals including vanadium (V). The importance of V is attributed due to its multifaceted biological roles, i.e., glucose and lipid metabolism as an insulin-mimetic, antilipemic and a potent stress alleviating agent in diabetes when vanadium is administered at lower doses. It competes with iron for transferrin (binding site for transportation) and with lactoferrin as it is secreted in milk also. The intracellular enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase, causing the dephosphorylation at beta subunit of the insulin receptor, is inhibited by vanadium, thus facilitating the uptake of glucose inside the cell but only in the presence of insulin. Vanadium could be useful as a potential immune-stimulating agent and also as an antiinflammatory therapeutic metallodrug targeting various diseases. Physiological state and dose of vanadium compounds hold importance in causing toxicity also. Research has been carried out mostly on laboratory animals but evidence for vanadium importance as a therapeutic agent are available in humans and large animals also. This review examines the potential biochemical and molecular role, possible kinetics and distribution, essentiality, immunity, and toxicity- related study of vanadium in a biological system. Keywords Metabolic role . Insulin-mimetic . Biological function . Vanadium Introduction essential elements^ which include aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), fluorine (F), molybdenum Minerals are inorganic elements, without carbon, found in (Mo), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), and vanadium (V) [4]. -
Plant Mineral Nutrition - Accessscience from Mcgraw-Hill Education
Plant mineral nutrition - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://accessscience.com/content/plant-mineral-nutrition/523500 (http://accessscience.com/) Article by: Mattson, Neil S. Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Last updated: 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.523500 (https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.523500) Content Hide Discovery of essential nutrients Absorption of nutrients by plants Links to Primary Literature Function of specific nutrients Absorption of nutrients into roots Additional Readings Nutrient deficiencies and toxicities Nutrient distribution The processes involved in plant assimilation and metabolism of all chemical elements, with the exception of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The latter elements are typically excluded from the discussion of plant mineral nutrition because they are assimilated from the atmosphere and from water. Mineral nutrients are so named because they are primarily derived from the weathering of minerals of the Earth's crust, with the exception of nitrogen, which is primarily derived from atmospheric nitrogen. Taken together, these nutrient elements are critical for the processes of plant growth and hence are key to the capturing of solar energy, which is the basis of nearly all life on Earth. See also: Plant growth (/content/plant-growth /523000); Plant metabolism (/content/plant-metabolism/523400); Plant physiology (/content/plant-physiology/524500) Discovery of essential nutrients In 1699, John Woodward reported that spearmint grown in rainwater grew more poorly than plants grown in water with soil or rotting leaves. Water culture (hydroponic) techniques were subsequently employed to characterize the nature of how plants gained matter. In the nineteenth century, Justus von Liebig advanced the notion that soil per se was not required for plant growth, but that it contributed soluble inorganic constituents. -
Sports Nutrition: a Review of Selected Nutritional Supplements for Bodybuilders and Strength Athletes
Sports Nutrition: A Review of Selected Nutritional Supplements For Bodybuilders and Strength Athletes Gregory S. Kelly, N.D. Abstract Because there is widespread belief among athletes that special nutritional practices will enhance their achievements in competition, the use of supplements has become common. Accompanying the growth in supplementation by athletes has been a corresponding increase in exaggerated claims or misleading information. This article reviews several supplements currently popular among bodybuilders and other strength athletes in order to clarify which products can be expected to produce results. Included in the discussion are creatine monohydrate, beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, whey protein, phosphatidylserine, and selected amino acids and minerals. (Alt Med Rev 1997; 2(3):184-201) Introduction The increased focus on fitness and subsequent research in the exercise field has ex- panded the role of nutrition as it relates to sports performance. Because there is widespread belief among athletes that special nutritional practices will enhance their achievements in com- petition, the use of supplements has become common. Although some of the supplements have proven benefits, historically a great deal of the information on products is either misleading or exaggerated. This is perhaps best witnessed in the products marketed to bodybuilders and other athletes concerned with size, strength, and body composition. This article reviews some of the supplements currently promoted in this market in an effort to determine which contribute to maximizing results. Included in the review are creatine monohydrate, beta-hydroxy beta- methylbutyrate (HMB), whey protein, phosphatidylserine, and selected amino acids and minerals. Creatine Monohydrate Creatine monohydrate has become one of the most popular supplements in the history of bodybuilding. -
Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1
2015 Dietary Supplements Compendium DSC Volume 1 General Notices and Requirements USP–NF General Chapters USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs USP–NF Excipient Monographs FCC General Provisions FCC Monographs FCC Identity Standards FCC Appendices Reagents, Indicators, and Solutions Reference Tables DSC217M_DSCVol1_Title_2015-01_V3.indd 1 2/2/15 12:18 PM 2 Notice and Warning Concerning U.S. Patent or Trademark Rights The inclusion in the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium of a monograph on any dietary supplement in respect to which patent or trademark rights may exist shall not be deemed, and is not intended as, a grant of, or authority to exercise, any right or privilege protected by such patent or trademark. All such rights and privileges are vested in the patent or trademark owner, and no other person may exercise the same without express permission, authority, or license secured from such patent or trademark owner. Concerning Use of the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Attention is called to the fact that USP Dietary Supplements Compendium text is fully copyrighted. Authors and others wishing to use portions of the text should request permission to do so from the Legal Department of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Copyright © 2015 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention ISBN: 978-1-936424-41-2 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852 All rights reserved. DSC Contents iii Contents USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1 Volume 2 Members . v. Preface . v Mission and Preface . 1 Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations . 1. General Notices and Requirements . 9 USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program . .205 USP–NF General Chapters . 25 Dietary Supplements Regulatory USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs . -
The Influence of Protein on the Absorption of Iron, Copper, and Zinc in Adult Women
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-1965 The Influence of Protein on the Absorption of Iron, Copper, and Zinc in Adult Women Polly Givler Martin University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Martin, Polly Givler, "The Influence of Protein on the Absorption of Iron, Copper, and Zinc in Adult Women. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 1965. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3760 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Polly Givler Martin entitled "The Influence of Protein on the Absorption of Iron, Copper, and Zinc in Adult Women." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Nutrition. Frances A. Schofield, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Tom R. Savage, John T. Smith, Bernadine Meyer, Mary Rose Gram Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) November 15, 1965 To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Polly Givler Martin entitled "The Influence of Protein on the Absorption of Iron, Copper, and Zinc in Adult Women. -
Vanadyl Sulphate EINECS No. 248-652-7; CAS No
Vanadyl sulphate EINECS No. 248-652-7; CAS No. 27774-13-6 The purpose of the Pre-SIEF is for REACH Pre-Registrants to agree upon 'sameness' of substance. Pre-registrants that agree upon the sameness of substance will then pass into the Substance Information Exchange Forum (SIEF) for that substance, where the data-sharing discussion begins and is coordinated by the SIEF Facilitator. All pre-registrants for vanadyl sulphate have received an e-mail to participate in the ‘Substance Sameness’ discussion. Your response to that survey is your participation in the Pre-SIEF ‘sameness’ discussion. If you would like to receive the ‘Substance Sameness’ survey, please contact the Vanadium Consortium. The typical composition for this substance can be checked below. Substance Vanadium oxide sulphate Synonym Vanadyl sulfate Chemical Formula VOSO4 CAS Number 27774-13-6 EINECS Number 248-652-7 Molecular weight (g/mol) 163.0 Typical composition Mass (%) Purity min. 97 Vanadium min. 19.5 Arsenic ≤ Chromium ≤ Aluminum ≤ 1 Calcium ≤ Copper ≤ Iron ≤ 1 Manganese ≤ Molybdenum ≤ Phosphorus ≤ 1 Potassium ≤ 1 Silicon ≤ 0.01 Sodium ≤ 1 Other impurities ≤ 0.01 The REACH Vanadium Consortium, Auer von Welsbach Straße 1, A-9330 Althofen, Austria, www.vanadiumconsortium.com is a voluntary industry scheme that invites all organisations and individuals involved in the vanadium business, which have a current or future interest in the European market, to join the consortium. The Vanadium Consortium and the Consortium Manager do not accept any liability with regard to the content or use of information contained in this website. Users are reminded that the information on this website does not constitute any legal advice. -
Citric Acid in the Nutrient Solution Increases the Mineral Absorption in Potted Tomato Grown in Calcareous Soil
Pak. J. Bot., 48(1): 67-74, 2016. CITRIC ACID IN THE NUTRIENT SOLUTION INCREASES THE MINERAL ABSORPTION IN POTTED TOMATO GROWN IN CALCAREOUS SOIL FABIÁN PÉREZ-LABRADA, ADALBERTO BENAVIDES-MENDOZA*, LUIS ALONSO VALDEZ-AGUILAR AND VALENTÍN ROBLEDO-TORRES Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Departamento de Horticultura, Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, Saltillo, Coah., México, C.P. 25315 *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Abstract Calcareous soils have low availability of mineral nutrients that are essential for crops. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of citric acid (CA) applied in a nutrient solution on the composition of the pore water of a calcareous soil and its correlation with the chemical composition and quality of the tomato plants and fruits. The experimental design was a randomized block; the treatments were different concentrations of CA added to the Steiner nutrient solution. We used CA at 10- 2, 10-4 and 10-6 M and a test treatment without CA. A decrease in the electrical conductivity (EC) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was observed in soil pore water (SPW), as well as changes in the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ in response to the addition of CA. The concentrations of Zn, Na, Ca, and N increased in leaves, whereas in the fruit, the concentrations of Mn, Na, Mg, and P increased. Significant correlations arise between Na+ and Mg2+ (R=0.60), Na+ and Ca2+ (R=0.68), and Mg2+ and Ca2+ (R=0.76) in the soil pore water, as well as a significant negative correlation (R=-0.73) between the concentration of K+ in the soil pore water and the concentration of Mg in stems and leaves.