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Charakteristika Sportovní Kariéry Jevgenije Pljuščenka Charakteristic FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA UNIVERZITY PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI KATEDRA SLAVISTIKY Charakteristika sportovní kariéry Jevgenije Pljuščenka Charakteristic of Evgeni Plushenko´s sports career Bakalářská práce VYPRACOVALA: Barbora Procházková VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE: prof. PhDr. Zdeněk Pechal, CSc. 2018 Prohlašuji, že jsem práci vypracoval/a samostatně a uvedl/a všechny použité prameny. V Olomouci, 12. dubna 2018 ___________________________ podpis Děkuji prof. PhDr. Zdeňku Pechalovi, CSc., za konzultace, rady a připomínky, které mi během psaní bakalářské práce poskytl. ___________________________ Podpis Obsah ÚVOD ............................................................................................................................ 5 . P D POZ ........................................................................................... 6 . S O SV OV O SOB S ............................................... 6 .2. SOB S V S ......................................................................... 7 .3. SOB S O YMP JS ÝC ÁC ...................................... 8 . SOB S S D SC P Y .............................................................. 8 .5. SYS M OD OC .................................................................................. 10 . ZÁ D SOB S S S O Y P V Y ............................ 10 2. JEVGENIJ V O OV P J O ............................................................ 13 2. M ÁD Z Á Y SOB S ................................................... 13 2.2. P V ÚSP C Y ........................................................................................... 14 3. SPO OV ........................................................................................ 15 3. M S OVS V V OPY, M S OVS V SV , O YMP JS Y 15 3.2. JAK JE TO DNES? ........................................................................................... 31 . M D Á Z ............................................................................................... 33 ZÁV ........................................................................................................................ 39 РЕЗЮМЕ ..................................................................................................................... 42 Ž ZD OJ ........................................................................................................ 48 OV ZD OJ .......................................................................................... 49 4 ÚVOD rasobruslení je jedine né sportovní odvětví, které patří k nejkrásnějším, ale zároveň k nejnáro nějším sport m v bec. Jedine nost tohoto sportu spo ívá hlavně ve spojení sportovního a uměleckého projevu, ili spojení fyzických kvalit se schopností interpretovat charakter hudebního doprovodu. Cílem mé bakalářské práce je charakterizovat výjime nost ruského krasobruslaře Jevgenija Pljuš enka a to z hledisek kariéry, provedení skok a samozřejmě dosažených úspěch . V mé práci bude Jevgenij Pljuš enko významově zařazen do sovětského/ruského i světového krasobruslení. Dále bude popsána a analyzována Pljuš enkova jízda z hlediska technického provedení, náro ností skok i uměleckého projevu jeho sestav. V závěru budou vy ísleny jeho umístění na mistrovstvích Evropy, mistrovstvích světa a zejména ú ast a výsledky olympijských her. Pomocí zpravodajských a bulvárních médií bude rozebrána jedna z největších kauz světového mužského krasobruslením, kterou je rivalita Jevgenije Pljuš enka a lexeje Jaudina. Bude chronologicky popsána celá událost, rozbor médií a následný pohled na celou událost. Pro dosažení cíl budou využity esky i rusky psané publikace. Metodou popisu bude vykreslen život Jevgenija Pljuš enka od prvních úspěch až po sou asnost a vy íslení dosažených výsledk . Dále bude analyzována Pljuš enkova jízda z hlediska technického provedení, náro ností skok , ale i uměleckého projevu jeho sestav. Pomocí analýzy bude také rozebrána mediální kauza rivality mezi ním a lexejem Jagudinem. lavním zdrojem bude bibliografie Jevgenija Pljuš enka, v níž popisuje úspěchy dosažené během jeho kariéry až do roku 2007. Jako další zdroj poslouží webové stránky, které jsou spravovány samotným krasobruslařem. S využitím eské literatury se pokusím o nastínění všeobecného pohledu na krasobruslařský sport, vývoj světového krasobruslení, sou asného bodování, rozdělení kategorií a náro nosti a hodnocení jednotlivých krasobruslařských skok . Podstatným zdrojem budou rovněž novinové zpravodajské i bulvární média a internetové lánky, které nám dotvoří pohled na kariéru a jedine nost Jevgenija Pljuš enka, ale zejména nám nastíní mediální kauzu rivality dvou největších sok mužského krasobruslení a její dopad na veřejnost. 5 P E ED PO a úvod bakalářské práce považuji za nezbytné provést základní charakteristiku krasobruslení z hlediska historického kontextu, jednotlivých krasobruslařských disciplín, systému hodnocení a vý tu díl ích krasobruslařských skok a prvk . ato obecná pojednání budou tvořit nosný základ pro pochopení elementárních princip tohoto olympijského sportu v rámci chrakteristiky sportovní kariéry Jevgenije Pljuš enka. S O SV OV O SOB S Za zakladatele moderního bruslení je považován meri an Jackson aines, který v letech 1864 a 5 vyhrál Mistrovství Spojených stát . Podařilo se mu spojit bruslení s hudbou, což do té doby nebylo známo. Podle ainse vznikla také první pravidla bruslení, která převzala Mezinárodní bruslařská unie nternational Skating Union – později jen S . Tato pravidla platila s několika díl ími úpravami až do roku 2002.1 V roce 0 se sešli v Petrohradu na Mezinárodním závodu dvě velké osobnosti té doby. lexej ebeděv, který je nazýván děde kem ruského krasobruslení” a Luis ubenstein, mistr anady a S . ento souboj je považován za první neoficiální mistrovství světa v krasobruslení.2 lí ovým rokem, pro budoucí rozvoj krasobruslení považujeme rok , ve kterém se, díky rozhodnutí Mezinárodní bruslařské federace a Обществом б те е бега на коньках v Petrohradě, konalo první oficiální mistrovství světa. Zde se bojovalo o nejvyšší tituly v rychlostním bruslení i krasobruslení. ezapomenutelný dojem zanechal létající olan an Jaap den, který zvítězil ve všech tyřech absolvovaných disciplínách. aktéž se na mezinárodní scéně objevují nové talenty, jako například us lexandr Panšin, který se vypracoval na tehdejšího nejlepšího krasobruslaře uska.3 a po átku 20. století se objevuje nová hvězda krasobruslení a tou je véd lrich Salchow. Jako první přišel s d ležitou inovací, když vytvořil zoubky na bruslích, které umožňovaly mnohem silnější odrazy nejen při skocích, ale i při samotné jízdě.4 1 Ž OVÁ ÁZS Á, Gabriela. rasobruslení: škola bruslení, choreografie, pravidla, vybavení, trénink. Praha: Grada, 2006. ISBN 8024709848. 2 Ť S Á- Ö GOVÁ, Jarmila. ekone né stopy bruslí. Praha: Olympia, 5. Stadión. 3 Ž OVÁ ÁZS Á, Gabriela. Krasobruslení: škola bruslení, choreografie, pravidla, vybavení, trénink. Praha: Grada, 2006. ISBN 8024709848. 4 Ť S Á- Ö GOVÁ, Jarmila. Nekonečné stopy bruslí. Praha: Olympia, 5. Stadión. 6 V období před první světovou válkou se do popředí dostává nadaný ěmec – Werner Rittberger.5 ebývalý rozmach zažilo krasobruslení v období po druhé světové válce. Zvýšený zájem o tento sport vedl k budování nových krytých kluzišť, které umožňovaly pravidelný trénink. Významnými osobnostmi povále ného období jsou například akušan arl Sch fer nebo meri an ichard Button. Gradace popularity tohoto sportu vedla až k vytvoření velmi silné konkurence jednotlivých závodník v 0. a 0. letech, při emž mezi nejslavnější jména těchto dvou dekád patří mimo jiné meri ani Scott amilton a Brian Boitano, ana ané Brian Orser, lvis Stojko, i urt Browing nebo také us lexandr edějev. a přelomu 20.–2 . století se nejvýznamnějšími krasobruslaři a zároveň největšími rivaly stali usové lexej Jagudin a Jevgenij Pljuš enko.6 .2. SOB S V S Bruslení jako takové hrálo v usku svoji roli již od dob Petra .7 Již v . století bylo usko považováno za jednu z nejvýznamějších zemí v oblasti krasobruslení. Pr kopníky mezi ruskými krasobruslaři, kteří se zú astnili prvního Mistrovství světa v Petrohradě roku 1896 byli Georg Snaders a ikolai Poduskov. Po obnovení mistrovství vropy se ruští krasobruslaři za ali pravidelně ú astnit soutěží spolu s ostatními národy. Již před první světovou válkou se usko mohlo pyšnit po etnou ú astí, kdy se na evropských i světových šampionátech zú astnilo 3 muž , jedna žena a jeden pár. Za nejúspěšnějšího ruského krasobruslaře té doby je považován ikolaj Panin, který získal několik titul z mistrovství světa i vropy a zároveň je prvním usem, který se zú astnil olympijských her v ondýně roku 1908.8 když bylo usko vedoucím státem v krasobruslení před a během . světové války, po nástupu Bolševik byla ú ast ruských krasobruslař na světových šampionátech do asně pozastavena.9 5 Ť S Á- Ö GOVÁ, Jarmila. Nekonečné stopy bruslí. Praha: Olympia, 5. Stadión 6 taktéž 7 taktéž 8 R. HINES, James. Historical Dictionary of Figure Skating: Historical Dictionaries of Sports. Scarecrow Press, 2011. ISBN 0810870851, 9780810870857. 9 Ť S Á- Ö GOVÁ, Jarmila. Nekonečné stopy bruslí. Praha: Olympia, 5. Stadión 7 Po dlouhé odmlce se až v roce 5 sovětští krasobruslaři opět objevují na ledě. V roce 5 získávají manželé ina a Stanislav Zhuk první sovětskou medaili v kategorii sportovních dvojic.10 V následujících letech se sovětští krasobruslaři dostávají na vrchol světových žebří k , kde jsou, s výjimkou titul , až do roku 20 0. Jako významní olympijští vítězové let minulých se do historie nesmazatelně zapsali Natalia Linichuk a Gennadi Karponosov, Natalia Bestemianova a Andrei Bukin, Marina Klimkova
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