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Vision Research Xxx (2015) Xxx–Xxx
Vision Research xxx (2015) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vision Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/visres Altered white matter in early visual pathways of humans with amblyopia ⇑ Brian Allen a, Daniel P. Spiegel c,d, Benjamin Thompson c,e, Franco Pestilli b,1, Bas Rokers a, ,1 a Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States b Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States c Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand d McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada e Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Canada article info abstract Article history: Amblyopia is a visual disorder caused by poorly coordinated binocular input during development. Little is Received 8 September 2014 known about the impact of amblyopia on the white matter within the visual system. We studied the Received in revised form 16 December 2014 properties of six major visual white-matter pathways in a group of adults with amblyopia (n = 10) and Available online xxxx matched controls (n = 10) using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and fiber tractography. While we did not find significant differences in diffusion properties in cortico-cortical pathways, patients with Keywords: amblyopia exhibited increased mean diffusivity in thalamo-cortical visual pathways. These findings sug- Amblyopia gest that amblyopia may systematically alter the white matter properties of early visual pathways. White matter 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Tractography Ó Diffusion-MRI 1. Introduction absent sensitivity to binocular disparity (Holmes & Clarke, 2006; Li et al., 2011). Amblyopia is a developmental disorder that occurs when the The neuro-anatomical consequences of amblyopia in humans visual input from the two eyes is poorly correlated during early are less established than the functional deficits. -
Elbow Arthroscopy for Osteochondral Lesions in Athletes
SPORTS SURGERY ELBOW ARTHROSCOPY FOR OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS IN ATHLETES – Written by Luigi Pederzini et al, Italy Several sports specific injuries of the elbow OSTEOCHONDRAL DEFECT have been well-described. For example, Definition and symptoms the prevalence of medial elbow instability Osteochondral defect is a detachment is high in throwing athletes such as of bone and cartilage in a joint that can Osteochondral baseball players. Similarly, javelin throwers, cause pain. The clinical presentation defect is a volleyball players and tennis players are is characterised by an acute or chronic frequently complaining about elbow pain. onset of symptoms. The majority of detachment of This can be the result of intensive training patients with osteochondral defects of or chronic overuse which results in an the elbow complain of pain. In some bone and cartilage acute or chronic injury. Some of these patients the defect is associated with injuries can be osteochondral lesions such a loose body, and the patient presents in a joint that as osteochondral defects, osteochondrosis clinically with pain, giving way, swelling, can cause pain... of the capitulum humeri or osteochondritis catching, clicking, crepitus and elbow dissecans (OCD). stiffness aggravated by joint movements. characterised Standard X-rays are the initial studies of choice, but sometimes are negative. by an acute or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D computed tomography (CT) scan can chronic onset of be extremely useful in establishing an symptoms. accurate diagnosis and to add in pre- operative planning. 210 OSTEOCHONDROSIS OF CAPITULUM HUMERI (PANNER’S DISEASE) Definition and symptoms Panner’s disease, an ostechondrosis of the capitellum, is a rare disorder that usually affects the dominant elbow in individuals younger than 10 years old. -
SAS Journal of Surgery (SASJS) Panner's Disease: About a Case
SAS Journal of Surgery (SASJS) ISSN 2454-5104 Abbreviated Key Title: SAS J. Surg. ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers (SAS Publishers) A Unit of Scholars Academic and Scientific Society, India Panner's Disease: About A Case Mohamed Ben-Aissi1, Redouane Hani1, Mohammed Kadiri1, Mouad Beqqali-Hassani1, Paolo Palmari2, Moncef Boufettal1, Mohamed Kharmaz1, Moulay Omar Lamrani1, Ahmed El Bardouni1, Mustapha Mahfoud1, Mohamed Saleh Berrada1 1Orthopedic surgery and traumatology department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat, Morocco 2Orthopedic surgery and traumatology departemnt, Robert Ballanger Hospital, Paris, France Abstract: Panner's disease, or osteochondrosis of the lateral condylar nucleus, is an Case Report avascular necrosis leading to subchondral bone loss, it was first described in 1927. We report a case of Panner's disease, which has been evolving since 1 month, in a child of 8 *Corresponding author years sportsman practicing karate. The evolution was favorable with restitution ad Mohamed Ben-Aissi integrum in 8 months after a short anti-inflammatory treatment and a sports rest of 3 months, without any immobilization of the neither elbow nor surgical intervention. Article History Keywords: Osteochondrosis, Panner’s disease, Treatment. Received: 03.10.2018 Accepted: 06.10.2018 INTRODUCTION Published: 30.10.2018 Panner's disease, or osteochondrosis of the lateral condylar nucleus, is an avascular necrosis leading to a loss of subchondral bone fissuring the radio-humeral DOI: articular surfaces, occurring in the hyperspottive child, in connection with an overuse of 10.21276/sasjs.2018.4.10.7 the elbow [1, 2]. It was first described in 1927 by Dane Panner, a Danish orthopedic surgeon [2, 3]. -
(Homonymous Hemianopsia): Tapping Into Blindsight
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas (2015) 9,S8–S13 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmhi REGULAR ARTICLE Enhancing visual performance in individuals with cortical visual impairment (homonymous hemianopsia): Tapping into blindsight Faith A. Birnbaum a, Steven A. Hackley b, Lenworth N. Johnson a,* a Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Lifespan/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States b Department of Psychological Sciences of the University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States Received 2 October 2015; revised 29 November 2015; accepted 15 December 2015 Available online 22 January 2016 KEYWORDS Abstract Homonymous hemianopsia is a type of cortical blindness in which vision is lost Blindsight; completely or partially in the left half or the right half of the field of vision. It is prevalent in Cortical blindness; approximately 12% of traumatic brain injury and 35% of strokes. Patients often experience Homonymous hemianopsia; difficulty with activities such as ambulating, eating, reading, and driving. Due to the high prevalence Augmented virtual reality; of homonymous hemianopsia and its associated difficulties, it is imperative to find methods for Vision restoration therapy visual rehabilitation in this condition. Traditional methods such as prism glasses can cause visual confusion and result in patient noncompliance. There is a large unmet medical need for improving this condition. In this article, we propose that modifying visual stimuli to activate non-cortical areas of visual processing, such as lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus, may result in increased visual awareness. -
Low-Lying Placenta
LOW- LYING PLACENTA LOW-LYING PLACENTA WHAT IS PLACENTA PRAEVIA? The placenta develops along with the baby in the uterus (womb) during pregnancy. It connects the baby with the mother’s blood system and provides the baby with its source of oxygen and nourishment. The placenta is delivered after the baby and is also called the afterbirth. In some women the placenta attaches low in the uterus and may be near, or cover a part, or lie over the cervix (entrance to the womb). If it is shown in early ultrasound scans, it is called a low-lying placenta. In most cases, the placenta moves upwards as the uterus enlarges. For some women the placenta continues to lie in the lower part of the uterus in the last months of pregnancy. This condition is known as placenta praevia. If the placenta covers the cervix, this is known as major placenta praevia. Normal Placenta Placenta Praevia Major Placenta Praevia WHAT ARE THE RISKS TO MY BABY AND ME? When the placenta is in the lower part of the womb, there is a risk that you may bleed in the second half of pregnancy. Bleeding from placenta praevia can be heavy, and so put the life of the mother and baby at risk. However, deaths from placenta praevia are rare. You are more likely to need a caesarean section because the placenta is in the way of your baby being born. HOW IS PLACENTA PRAEVIA DIAGNOSED? A low-lying placenta may be suspected during the routine 20-week ultrasound scan. Most women who have a low-lying placenta at the routine 20-week scan will not go on to have a low-lying placenta later in the pregnancy – only 1 in 10 go on to have a placenta praevia. -
Generalized Hypertrichosis
Letters to the Editor case of female. Ambras syndrome is a type of universal Generalized hypertrichosis affecting the vellus hair, where there is uniform overgrowth of hair over the face and external hypertrichosis ear with or without dysmorphic facies.[3] Patients with Gingival fi bromaatosis also have generalized hypertrichosis Sir, especially on the face.[4] Congenital hypertrichosis can A 4-year-old girl born out of non-consanguinous marriage occur due to fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal hydentoin presented with generalized increase in body hair noticed syndrome.[5] Prepubertal hypertrichosis is seen in otherwise since birth. None of the other family members were healthy infants and children. There is involvement of affected. Hair was pigmented and soft suggesting vellus hair. face back and extremities Distribution of hair shows an There was generalized increase in body hair predominantly inverted fi r-tree pattern on the back. More commonly seen affecting the back of trunk arms and legs [Figures 1 and 2]. in Mediterranean and South Asian descendants.[6] There is Face was relatively spared except for fore head. Palms and soles were spared. Scalp hair was normal. Teeth and nail usually no hormonal alterations. Various genodermatosis were normal. There was no gingival hypertrophy. No other associated with hypertrichosis as the main or secondary skeletal or systemic abnormalities were detected clinically. diagnostic symptom are: Routine blood investigations were normal. Hormonal Lipoatrophy (Lawrernce Seip syndrome) study was within normal limit for her age. With this Cornelia de Lange syndrome clinical picture of generalized hypertrichosis with no other Craniofacial dysostosis associated anomalies a diagnosis of universal hypertrichosis Winchester syndrome was made. -
Pediatric MSK Protocols
UT Southwestern Department of Radiology Ankle and Foot Protocols - Last Update 5-18-2015 Protocol Indications Notes Axial Coronal Sagittal Ankle / Midfoot - Routine Ankle Pain Axial = In Relation to Leg "Footprint" (Long Axis to Foot) T1 FSE PD SPAIR T1 FSE Injury, Internal Derangement Coronal = In Relation to Leg (Short Axis Foot) PD SPAIR STIR Talar OCD, Coalition Protocol Indications Notes Axial Coronal Sagittal Ankle / Midfoot - Arthritis Arthritis Axial = In Relation to Leg "Footprint" (Long Axis to Foot) PD SPAIR PD SPAIR T1 FSE Coronal = In Relation to Leg (Short Axis Foot) STIR T1 SPIR POST T1 SPIR POST Protocol Indications Notes Axial Coronal Sagittal Foot - Routine Pain, AVN Axial = In Relation to Leg "Footprint" (Long Axis to Foot) T1 FSE PD FSE T1 FSE Coronal = In Relation to Leg (Short Axis Foot) PD SPAIR PD SPAIR STIR Protocol Indications Notes Axial Coronal Sagittal Foot - Arthritis Arthritis Axial = In Relation to Leg "Footprint" (Long Axis to Foot) T1 FSE PD SPAIR STIR Coronal = In Relation to Leg (Short Axis Foot) PD SPAIR T1 SPIR POST 3D WATS T1 SPIR POST Protocol Indications Notes Axial Coronal Sagittal Great Toe / MTP Joints Turf Toe Smallest Coil Possible (Microcoil if Available) PD FSE T1 FSE PD FSE Sesamoiditis FoV = Mid Metatarsal Through Distal Phalanges PD SPAIR PD SPAIR PD SPAIR Slice thickness = 2-3 mm, 10% gap Axial = In relation to the great toe (short axis foot) Coronal = In relation to the great toe (long axis foot / footprint) Appropriate Coronal Plane for Both Ankle and Foot Imaging UT Southwestern Department -
Abnormal Retinotopic Representations in Human Visual Cortex Revealed by Fmri
Acta Psychologica 107 -2001) 229±247 www.elsevier.com/locate/actpsy Abnormal retinotopic representations in human visual cortex revealed by fMRI Antony B. Morland a,*, Heidi A. Baseler c, Michael B. Homann a, Lindsay T. Sharpe b, Brian A. Wandell c a Psychology Department, University of London, Royal Holloway, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK b Psychology Department, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK c Psychology Department, Stanford University, CA 93155, USA Received 1 September 2000; received in revised form 8 December 2000; accepted 11 December 2000 Abstract The representation of the visual ®eld in early visual areas is retinotopic. The point-to-point relationship on the retina is therefore maintained on the convoluted cortical surface. Func- tional magnetic resonance imaging -fMRI) has been able to demonstrate the retinotopic representation of the visual ®eld in occipital cortex of normal subjects. Furthermore, visual areas that are retinotopic can be identi®ed on computationally ¯attened cortical maps on the basis of positions of the vertical and horizontal meridians. Here, we investigate abnormal retinotopic representations in human visual cortex with fMRI. We present three case studies in which patients with visual disorders are investigated. We have tested a subject who only possesses operating rod photoreceptors. We ®nd in this case that the cortex undergoes a re- mapping whereby regions that would normally represent central ®eld locations now map more peripheral positions in the visual ®eld. In a human albino we also ®nd abnormal visual cortical activity. Monocular stimulation of each hemi®eld resulted in activations in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated eye. This is consistent with abnormal decussation at the optic chiasm in albinism. -
Antepartum Haemorrhage
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE Antepartum haemorrhage Scope (Staff): WNHS Obstetrics and Gynaecology Directorate staff Scope (Area): Obstetrics and Gynaecology Directorate clinical areas at KEMH, OPH and home visiting (e.g. Community Midwifery Program) This document should be read in conjunction with this Disclaimer Contents Initial management: MFAU APH QRG ................................................. 2 Subsequent management of APH: QRG ............................................. 5 Management of an APH ........................................................................ 7 Key points ............................................................................................................... 7 Background information .......................................................................................... 7 Causes of APH ....................................................................................................... 7 Defining the severity of an APH .............................................................................. 8 Initial assessment ................................................................................................... 8 Emergency management ........................................................................................ 9 Maternal well-being ................................................................................................. 9 History taking ....................................................................................................... -
Recode - Guidelines for Use the System Is Hierarchical I.E
ReCoDe - Guidelines for use The system is hierarchical i.e. categories at the head of the list take priority over those lower down. However multiple relevant conditions can be recorded. The primary condition is the highest on the list that is applicable to the case. Secondary condition is the next relevant condition down the list e.g. for codes B2, F3, and A7 - the primary code is A7, secondary code is B2 etc. ReCoDe - version 2.0 Group Condition further definition inclusion/exclusion A Fetus A1 Lethal congenital anomaly Lethal or severe. Any structural, genetic, or metabolic defect arising at conception or during embryogenesis incompatible with life or potentially treatable but causing death. A2 Infection Positive fetal microbiologic or serological culture. 2.1 Chronic – e.g. TORCH E.g. congenital or intrauterine pneumonia, cytomegalovirus, 2.2 Acute rubella, herpes. A3 Non-immune hydrops fetalis Presence of any two of the following signs: Ascites pericardial effusion pleural effusion subcutaneous oedema. A4 Iso-immunisation Blood group incompatibility rhesus or non rhesus (ABO). Death ascribable to blood group incompatibility. An indirect Coomb test greater than 1/16 and fetal hydrops (see A3). A5 Fetomaternal haemorrhage Haemorrhage into maternal circulation Kleihauer-Betke test > 0.4%1. A6 Twin-twin transfusion Presence of polyhydramnios (maximum vertical pocket of ≥ 8 cm) and oligohydramnios (maximum vertical pocket of ≤ 2 cm)2. A7 Fetal growth restriction SGA by customised percentile, intrauterine growth retardation. < 10th customised weight for gestational age centile3 OR IUGR reported on clinical or pathological grounds. A8 Other fetus Death due to other specific fetal conditions e.g. -
Review Article Mouse Homologues of Human Hereditary Disease
I Med Genet 1994;31:1-19 I Review article J Med Genet: first published as 10.1136/jmg.31.1.1 on 1 January 1994. Downloaded from Mouse homologues of human hereditary disease A G Searle, J H Edwards, J G Hall Abstract involve homologous loci. In this respect our Details are given of 214 loci known to be genetic knowledge of the laboratory mouse associated with human hereditary dis- outstrips that for all other non-human mam- ease, which have been mapped on both mals. The 829 loci recently assigned to both human and mouse chromosomes. Forty human and mouse chromosomes3 has now two of these have pathological variants in risen to 900, well above comparable figures for both species; in general the mouse vari- other laboratory or farm animals. In a previous ants are similar in their effects to the publication,4 102 loci were listed which were corresponding human ones, but excep- associated with specific human disease, had tions include the Dmd/DMD and Hprt/ mouse homologues, and had been located in HPRT mutations which cause little, if both species. The number has now more than any, harm in mice. Possible reasons for doubled (table 1A). Of particular interest are phenotypic differences are discussed. In those which have pathological variants in both most pathological variants the gene pro- the mouse and humans: these are listed in table duct seems to be absent or greatly 2. Many other pathological mutations have reduced in both species. The extensive been detected and located in the mouse; about data on conserved segments between half these appear to lie in conserved chromo- human and mouse chromosomes are somal segments. -
Pigment and Hair Disorders
Pigment and Hair Disorders Mohammed Al-Haddab,MD,FRCPC Assistant Professor, Consultant Dermatologist, Dermasurgeon Objectives • To be familiar with physiology of melanocytes and skin color. • To be familiar with common cutaneous pigment disorders, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment • To be familiar with physiology of hair follicle • To be familiar with common hair disorders, both acquired and congenital, their presentation, investigation and management • Reference is the both the lecture and the TEXTBOOK Skin Pigment • Reduced hemoglobin: blue • Oxyhemoglobin: red • Carotenoids : yellow • Melanin : brown • Human skin color is classified according to Fitzpatrick skin phototype. www.steticsensediodolaser.es www.ijdvl.com Vitiligo • Incidence 1% • Early onset • A chronic autoimmune disease with genetic predisposition • Complete absence of melanocytes • Could affect skin, hair, retina, but Iris color no change • Rarely could be associated with: alopecia areata, thyroid disease, pernicious anemia, diabetes mellitus • Koebner phenomenon Vitiligo • Ivory white macules and patches with sharp convex margins • Slowly progressive or present abruptly then stabilize with time • Focal • Segmental • Generalized (commonest) • Trichrome • Acral • Poliosis www.metro.co.uk www.dermrounds.com www.medscape.com www.jaad.org Vitiligo • Diagnosis usually clinically • Wood’s lamp for early vitiligo, white person • Pathology shows normal skin with no melanocytes Differential Diagnosis of Vitiligo • Pityriasis alba • leprosy • Hypopigmented pityriasis