Considering PGP
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A Decentralized Private Marketplace: DRAFT 0.1
A Decentralized Private Marketplace: DRAFT 0.1 Ido Kaiser1 Abstract— The online services we use are increasingly de- structure provided by the Bitcoin blockchain but is equally manding more of our personal data, a disturbing trend that applicable to any of it derivatives, meaning the marketplace threatens the privacy of users on a global scale. Entities such as is indifferent about the underlying cryptocurrency used for Google, Facebook and Yahoo have grown into colossal, seem- ingly unaccountable corporations by monetizing their users’ payments. personal data. These entities are charged with keeping said data secure and, in the case of social and economic interactions, II. HIGH LEVEL OVERVIEW safeguarding the privacy of their users. Centralized security The overview consists of two main components: a models are not applicable to the new generation of technologies blockchain and a data storage network. Technically speaking such as Bitcoin. This paper discusses a system which combines these networks can operate over the same set of nodes. But a Bitmessage-style network with anonymous payment schemes to create a privacy-centric marketplace. Furthermore we apply for clarity we separate them to highlight that it does not have a multi-signature escrow technique involving insurance deposits to be the same set. should which deter fraudulent actors from participating in trades, given that their incentive is to make a profit. A. Blockchain The blockchain is typically tasked with processing pay- I. INTRODUCTION ments but for our purpose it will also be storing the market- Satoshi Nakamoto, the visionary and creator of Bitcoin[1], place index and the identities. -
January 2020 Zillman Column
2020 Guide to Online Privacy Resources and Tools By Marcus P. Zillman, M.S., A.M.H.A. Executive Director - Virtual Private Library http://www.VirtualPrivateLibrary.org The January 2020 Zillman Column features the 2020 Guide to Online Privacy Resources and Tools and is a very comprehensive listing of Internet and Web privacy resources, sources and sites on the Internet for the latest competent sources and research. The below list of sources is taken partially from my Subject Tracer™ white paper titled Privacy Resources 2020 and is constantly updated with Subject Tracer™ bots at the following URL: http://www.PrivacyResources.info/ http://www.StealthMode.info/ These resources and sources will help you to discover the many pathways available through the Internet to find the latest Internet and web search and discovery research, resources, sources and sites. As this site is constantly updated it would be to your benefit to bookmark and return to the above URL frequently. Figure 1: 2020 Guide to Online Privacy Resources and Tools 1 January 2020 Zillman Column – 2020 Guide to Online Privacy Resources and Tools http://www.zillmancolumns.com/ [email protected] eVoice: (800) 858-1462 © 2020 Marcus P. Zillman, M.S., A.M.H.A. 2020 Guide to Online Privacy Resources and Tools: 10 Best Security and Privacy Apps for Smartphones and Tablets http://drippler.com/drip/10-best-security-privacy-apps-smartphones-tablets 10 Minute Mail http://10minutemail.com/10MinuteMail/index.html 10 Privacy Gadgets To Help You Keep a Secret http://www.popsci.com/keep-your-secrets-a-secret -
Security + Encryption Standards
Security + Encryption Standards Author: Joseph Lee Email: joseph@ ripplesoftware.ca Mobile: 778-725-3206 General Concepts Forward secrecy / perfect forward secrecy • Using a key exchange to provide a new key for each session provides improved forward secrecy because if keys are found out by an attacker, past data cannot be compromised with the keys Confusion • Cipher-text is significantly different than the original plaintext data • The property of confusion hides the relationship between the cipher-text and the key Diffusion • Is the principle that small changes in message plaintext results in large changes in the cipher-text • The idea of diffusion is to hide the relationship between the cipher-text and the plaintext Secret-algorithm • A proprietary algorithm that is not publicly disclosed • This is discouraged because it cannot be reviewed Weak / depreciated algorithms • An algorithm that can be easily "cracked" or defeated by an attacker High-resiliency • Refers to the strength of the encryption key if an attacker discovers part of the key Data-in-transit • Data sent over a network Data-at-rest • Data stored on a medium Data-in-use • Data being used by an application / computer system Out-of-band KEX • Using a medium / channel for key-exchange other than the medium the data transfer is taking place (phone, email, snail mail) In-band KEX • Using the same medium / channel for key-exchange that the data transfer is taking place Integrity • Ability to determine the message has not been altered • Hashing algorithms manage Authenticity -
5.Sustainability
P2Pvalue More than 95% of the cases surveyed use centralized servers to store the users’ data. Over the whole population of cases this would be lower, as less than 88% has a centralized architecture allowing for central storage. Index infrastructure provision On a scale of 1 to 9, half of the cases have less than 3, and 84.1% of the cases are at the intermediate level of the index (between 4 and 5). None of the cases are at the highest range of the index. 5.Sustainability Regarding the question of profitability versus non profitability character of infrastructure provision, what results from the data on the legal type of infrastructure provision (see table above as part of infrastructure provision section) is that non-profit organizations make up the majority of cases (57%), something that makes sense with the voluntary dimension of the majority of CBPP experiences. Nevertheless, we consider it important to highlight that 28.9% of the cases are for profit organizations, something that is closely related to the diffusion of hybrid cases in CBPP. The data on the type of organization connected to the case (see table at section infrastructure provider) notes that 25.1% of the cases are businesses, which is the second type of most common organization. What we highlight about this data concerning the main strategies to achieve economic sustainability is the high level of importance that is given to the non- monetary contributions. For instance, 51% of respondents assign a value of 10 to non-monetary contributions. Instead, when we analyze all the other strategies of sustainability, the median is very low. -
Unveiling the I2P Web Structure: a Connectivity Analysis
Unveiling the I2P web structure: a connectivity analysis Roberto Magan-Carri´ on,´ Alberto Abellan-Galera,´ Gabriel Macia-Fern´ andez´ and Pedro Garc´ıa-Teodoro Network Engineering & Security Group Dpt. of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications - CITIC University of Granada - Spain Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Web is a primary and essential service to share the literature have analyzed the content and services offered information among users and organizations at present all over through this kind of technologies [6], [7], [2], as well as the world. Despite the current significance of such a kind of other relevant aspects like site popularity [8], topology and traffic on the Internet, the so-called Surface Web traffic has been estimated in just about 5% of the total. The rest of the dimensions [9], or classifying network traffic and darknet volume of this type of traffic corresponds to the portion of applications [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]. Web known as Deep Web. These contents are not accessible Two of the most popular darknets at present are The Onion by search engines because they are authentication protected Router (TOR; https://www.torproject.org/) and The Invisible contents or pages that are only reachable through the well Internet Project (I2P;https://geti2p.net/en/). This paper is fo- known as darknets. To browse through darknets websites special authorization or specific software and configurations are needed. cused on exploring and investigating the contents and structure Despite TOR is the most used darknet nowadays, there are of the websites in I2P, the so-called eepsites. -
A Few Thoughts on Cryptographic Engineering What's the Matter With
13/06/2020 What’s the matter with PGP? – A Few Thoughts on Cryptographic Engineering MenuMenu A Few Thoughts on Cryptographic Engineering Some random thoughts about crypto. Notes from a course I teach. Pictures of my dachshunds. Mahew Green in messaging, privacy August 13, 2014July 29, 2016 2,592 Words What’s the matter with PGP? Last Thursday, Yahoo announced their plans to support end-to-end encryption using a fork of Google’s end-to-end email extension (hps://code.google.com/p/end-to-end/). This is a Big Deal. With providers like Google and Yahoo onboard, email encryption is bound to get a big kick in the ass. This is something email badly needs (hp://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/the-daunting-challenge-of- secure-e-mail). So great work by Google and Yahoo! Which is why following complaint is going to seem awfully ungrateful. I realize this and I couldn’t feel worse about it. As transparent and user-friendly as the new email extensions are, they’re fundamentally just re-implementations of OpenPGP (hp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prey_Good_Privacy) — and non-legacy-compatible ones, too. The problem with this is that, for all the good PGP has done in the past, it’s a model of email encryption that’s fundamentally broken. It’s time for PGP to die. In the remainder of this post I’m going to explain why this is so, what it means for the future of email encryption, and some of the things we should do about it. Nothing I’m going to say here will surprise anyone who’s familiar with the technology — in fact, this will barely be a technical post. -
A Security Analysis of Email Communications
A security analysis of email communications Ignacio Sanchez Apostolos Malatras Iwen Coisel Reviewed by: Jean Pierre Nordvik 2 0 1 5 EUR 28509 EN European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Contact information Ignacio Sanchez Address: Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I - 21027 Ispra (VA), Italia E-mail: [email protected] JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc Legal Notice This publication is a Technical Report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. All images © European Union 2015, except: Frontpage : © bluebay2014, fotolia.com JRC 99372 EUR 28509 EN ISSN 1831-9424 ISBN 978-92-79-66503-5 doi:10.2760/319735 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Italy Abstract The objective of this report is to analyse the security and privacy risks of email communications and identify technical countermeasures capable of mitigating them effectively. In order to do so, the report analyses from a technical point of view the core set of communication protocols and standards that support email communications in order to identify and understand the existing security and privacy vulnerabilities. On the basis of this analysis, the report identifies and analyses technical countermeasures, in the form of newer standards, protocols and tools, aimed at ensuring a better protection of the security and privacy of email communications. -
Secure Messaging1
SoK: Secure Messaging1 Nik Unger∗, Sergej Dechandy Joseph Bonneauzx, Sascha Fahl{, Henning Perl{ Ian Goldberg∗, Matthew Smithy ∗ University of Waterloo, y University of Bonn, z Stanford University, x Electronic Frontier Foundation, { Fraunhofer FKIE Abstract—Motivated by recent revelations of widespread state of this paper, the academic research community is also failing surveillance of personal communication, many solutions now to learn some lessons from tools in the wild. claim to offer secure and private messaging. This includes both a Furthermore, there is a lack of coherent vision for the future large number of new projects and many widely adopted tools that have added security features. The intense pressure in the past two of secure messaging. Most solutions focus on specific issues years to deliver solutions quickly has resulted in varying threat and have different goals and threat models. This is com- models, incomplete objectives, dubious security claims, and a lack pounded by differing security vocabularies and the absence of of broad perspective on the existing cryptographic literature on a unified evaluation of prior work. Outside of academia, many secure communication. products mislead users by advertising with grandiose claims In this paper, we evaluate and systematize current secure messaging solutions and propose an evaluation framework for of “military grade encryption” or by promising impossible their security, usability, and ease-of-adoption properties. We con- features such as self-destructing messages [7]–[10]. The recent sider solutions from academia, but also identify innovative and EFF Secure Messaging Scorecard evaluated tools for basic promising approaches used “in-the-wild” that are not considered indicators of security and project health [11] and found many by the academic literature. -
Identikey: a Distributed Social Network
Identikey: A Distributed Social Network Dept. of CIS - Senior Design 2015-2016∗ Drew Fisher Jacob Henner Vamsi Jandhayala drewfi[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Univ. of Pennsylvania Univ. of Pennsylvania Univ. of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA ABSTRACT There are several computers (routers) between the user Online social networks | such as Facebook and Twitter | and the network's server that have access to data and meta- have become an essential tool for communication. Their data communicated between the user and the network. There ease-of-use and the associated network effect have made them are also additional links between the network's web servers, ubiquitous. Unfortunately, they often do little to protect user its file servers, its database servers, etc. privacy. Instead, they frequently sell user information to Unfortunately, this model is inadequate to protect user advertisers, and provide it to governments when requested. privacy. An adversary, whether a \hacker", cyber-criminal, They comply with government requests for censorship, and abusive government, or other abusive regime, can attack this in authoritarian states, they may be blocked entirely. This network at several points: is clearly unacceptable, especially since the communication 1. Between the user and the network's web servers | the these networks facilitate often inspires needed social change. adversary can either eeveesdrop on the connection be- We propose Identikey, an encrypted and distributed social tween the user and the network, or launch an active network. Instead of the conventional model | where user man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. In both cases, the data is stored by a central entity (e.g. -
You Gotta Fight for Your Right to Party
You gotta fightgotta You for your right foryour to party to V 0. 150129 Cologne Jochim Selzer [email protected] https://cryptoparty.in/cryptopartykbn a57a 4e28 a59d 0385 d33d 6301 763d ce1b 65f4 c445 It's my party and I crypt if I want to Privatsphäre ist ein Grundrecht. Wir müssen es nicht begründen. Wir müssen es nicht entschuldigen. Wir müssen es einfordern und verteidigen. Pleased to meet you Cryptoparty ● Digitaler Erste-Hilfe-Kurs ● Frei wie „freie Rede“ ● Frei wie „Freibier“ ● Überparteilich ● Unterwegs Trouble, set me free Am I just paranoid? Am I just stoned? ● Mailverschlüsselung mit GnuPG ● Chatverschlüsselung mit OTR ● Datenträgerverschlüsselung mit TCnext ● Anonymisierung mit Tor ● Passworverwaltung mit Keepass und reichlich neue Programme zum Ausprobieren Ende-zu-Ende- Verschlüsselung Remember Mama's golden rules 1.HTTPS benutzen 2.Mails verschlüsseln. Immer 3.Lokale Daten verschlüsseln 4.Viele und starke Passworte benutzen 5.Tracker im Browser blockieren 6.Persönlichkeit aufspalten 7.In offenen WLANs besonders vorsichtig sein 8.Software aktuell halten 9.Vor einer Installation zweimal nachdenken . Es kann keine perfekte Sicherheit geben. Sicherheit ist ein Vorgehen, kein Werkzeug. My baby just wrote me a letter ● https://www.mozilla.org/thunderbird ● http://www.gpg4win.org/ ● https://gpgtools.org/ ● https://enigmail.mozdev.org You belong with me https://truecrypt.ch And it's hard to hold on to what you've found When what comes around always goes around https://www.torproject.org/ I can't remember http://keepass.info/ Automatic For The People https://tails.boum.org/ Somewhere over the rainbow ● Skype-Ersatz http://tox.im/ ● P2P-Messenger https://pond.imperialviolet.org/ ● Anonymes-IM http://www.bitmessage.org/ ● PGP im Browser https://lavaboom.com/ ● Truecrypt-Nachfolger http://veracrypt.codeplex.com/ ● Crypto-IM https://www.cameonet.de/ ● Crypto-IM https://www.peerio.com/ Never can say goodbye https://cryptoparty.in/cryptopartykbn . -
ECE 646 – Lecture 4 Required Reading
ECE 646 – Lecture 4 Required Reading Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, 6/E or 7/E Pretty Good Privacy Chapter 19.1 Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) PGP On-line Chapters (available after registration): Appendix O Data Compression Using Zip Appendix P More on PGP Phil Zimmermann – early years • grew up in Florida, got interested in cryptography in teenage years • studied physics at Florida Atlantic Short History of PGP University, 1972-1977 based on the book Crypto • learned about RSA shortly after its discovery, from the Mathematical by Steven Levy Recreational column in Scientific American • became active in the antinuclear political movement of 1970s-1980s 1 Collaboration with Charlie Merritt Early Work (1986-1991) • in 1984, Zimmermann was contacted by Charlie Merritt, who implemented RSA on a microcomputer based on Z80 • in 1986, Zimmermann summarized his ideas in the paper 8-bit microprocessor published in IEEE Computer • by 1986, Merritt passed to Zimmermann all his knowledge • As a secret key cipher he chose a cipher developed by of multiprecision integer arithmetic required to implement Merritt for navy, with his own security improvements. RSA He called this cipher Bass-O-Matic, see • In 1986, Merritt and Zimmermann met with Jim Bidzos, http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/bassomatic/n8631?snl=1 the new CEO of RSA Data Security Inc., who brought with him a copy of Mailsafe, a program written by Rivest and • in 1990, he devoted his time completely to finishing the Adleman, implementing RSA. After the meeting: program he called Pretty Good Privacy • Zimmermann claimed that Bidzos offered him a free • In 1990 he called Jim Bidzos to confirm his free RSA license. -
Instant Messaging
Click to edit Master title style •InstantClick to Messaging edit Master Security text styles and Privacy • Second level Chat and• Third more level while safeguarding your privacy • Fourth level • Fifth level Klaus Möller WP8-T1 Webinar, 24th of September 2020 Public www.geant.org 1 | www.geant.org 24/09/20 1 Instant Messaging (IM) Introduction • Other names: Mobile Messaging or simply Online Chat • Originally: Sending (small) text messages to other users – First: on the same computer, later: world wide – User (person) had to be online to receive message ● Some systems allow delivery from server later ● Or use Chat-Bots (workaround in the beginning) • Not limited to text anymore – Photos, Sounds, Video – File transfer between users • Additional feature of Voice-/Videoconferencing systems 2 | www.geant.org Google Talk (discontinued) Tlen.pl (discontinued) WhatsApp Kik Customized Cryptocat (uses modified prosody) Google Hangouts Instant Messaging Protocols Snapchat (?) nk.pl LiveJournal Talk Gizmo5 WP Spik (discontinued) Tipic IM XMPP ● Wide variety, some notable mentions IBM Lotus Sametime Bitmessage Customized ProtonMail ● AIM Gmail ICQ Gateway Email Outlook HTTP(s) OSCAR (discontinued) Bonjour Apple mail MobileMe Yahoo! mail – As part of WebRTC or REST APIs SIMPLE Yandex.mail Skype for Business HipChat Ring AQQ SIP – MSRP Google Wave Federation Protocol (discontinued) Discord, … Libon Jingle FaceTime IRC DCC Gadu-Gadu Facebook Messenger ● SIP (Telephony) MSNP14 (discontinued) YMSG (Yahoo! Messenger) IM MQTT LINE Steam Friends protocols