SFG2631 V2
The People’s Republic of China
World Bank
Public Disclosure Authorized
Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in
Public Disclosure Authorized Yongding District with World Bank Loan Environmental Management Plan
Public Disclosure Authorized
Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission
Public Disclosure Authorized Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals November 2016
Project name: Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated
Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Client: Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of
Hunan Agricultural Commission
Assessment unit: Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous
Metals
Institute Qualification certificate No.: G.H.P.Z.Y.Zi No. 2711
Institute Director: Chen Wei
Project director: Ouyang Kun
Project technical directors: Wang Wei and Wang Ying
Project compilers: Xiang Qiulai, Liu Jun, Yao Hui, Yuan Cuiyu,
Xun Zhou, Wu Huan and Tang Jinyao
Contents
Chapter 1 Project Overview ...... 1
1.1 Project background ...... 1
1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects ...... 2
1.3 Category and characteristics of the project...... 4
1.4 Environmental assessment method ...... 4
1.5 Basis of compilation ...... 6
1.6 Assessment standards ...... 14
1.7 Scope of assessment ...... 15
1.8 Environmental sensitive sites ...... 17
Chapter 2 Environmental Status ...... 23
2.1 Natural environment ...... 23
2.2 Ecological environment ...... 28
2.3 Social and economic environment ...... 34
2.4 Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status ...... 40
2.5 Investigation of agricultural products ...... 57
Chapter 3 Selection of Project Area and Analysis of Alternative Scheme ...... 59
3.1 Current situation of agricultural producing areas ...... 59
3.2 Comparison and selection of project area...... 71
3.3 Selection and distribution of project area ...... 83
Chapter 4 Project Content ...... 88
4.1 Project area overview ...... 88
4.2 Project objectives ...... 93
4.3 Construction content of the project ...... 95
Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures (ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures) ...... 110
5.1 Analysis on influences of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures ...... 110
5.2 Analysis on surrounding and upstream pollution sources and mitigation measures ... 114
5.3 Analysis on influences of agricultural activities and mitigation measures ...... 118
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
5.4 Analysis on influences on social environment and mitigation measures ...... 125
Chapter 6 Environmental Management Plan Management System ...... 138
6.1 Setting of environmental management organization ...... 138
6.2 Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization of environmental management system ...... 140
6.3 Environmental management tasks in each project stage ...... 142
6.4 Public appeal and feedback mechanism ...... 143
Chapter 7 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 146
7.1 Purpose and principle of monitoring ...... 146
7.2 Monitoring organization ...... 147
7.3 Environmental monitoring plan ...... 147
7.4 Monitoring report system ...... 157
Chapter 8 Capacity Building ...... 158
8.1 Environmental management training...... 158
8.2 Environmental management training plan and fund ...... 159
Chapter 9 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan ...... 161
9.1 Information communication ...... 161
9.2 Recording mechanism ...... 161
9.3 Reporting mechanism ...... 162
9.4 Document management ...... 163
Chapter 10 Process of Public Participation ...... 165
10.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment ...... 165
10.2 Public participation of social impact assessment ...... 182
Attached Table 1 ...... 1
List of common mitigation measures against environmental and social influences ...... 1
Appendix 1 ...... 1
Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction ...... 1
1. Bid invitation and bidding ...... 1
2. General provisions ...... 2
3. Construction Site Management Measures ...... 4
4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
4. Construction and Facility Management Measures in Construction Site ...... 6
5. Environmental Protection Rules in Construction Material Yard ...... 8
6. Environmental protection provisions on society ...... 9
7. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites ...... 9
8. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control ...... 11
9. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control. 12
10. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence ...... 14
11. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes ...... 15
12. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment ...... 16
13. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety ...... 19
Appendix 2 ...... 1
Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities ...... 1
1 Environmental protection measures for lime application ...... 1
2 Environmental protection measures for application of leaf surface controlling agent and soil conditioner ...... 3
3 Environmental protection measures for application of organic fertilizers ...... 4
4. Environmental protection measures against agricultural package wastes ...... 6
Appendix 3 ...... 1
Summary sheet of influence of specific points and mitigation measures ...... 1
5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 1 Project Overview
1.1 Project background
Hunan Province is also called as “a land of nonferrous metals”. Many farmlands are seriously polluted by nonferrous metals arising from industrial and mining waste water as well as dust fall during mining and smelting. In 2011, nonferrous metal pollution survey and monitoring were developed in rice growing areas of 1.8 million mu in surrounding areas of industrial and mining enterprises, irrigation areas and medium-large suburbs distributed in 45 districts and counties, and 12,000 soil samples were collected in all. According to the monitoring results, the heavy metals that pollute farmland mainly included Cd (cadmium), Pb (lead), As (arsenic), Hg (mercury), and Cr (chromium), especially Cd. In regard to the types of agricultural products, mainly rice and vegetables were polluted. In 2013, the reports about
“cadmium-polluted rice storm” by some media aroused widespread attentions of society and high attention of government of all levels, caused huge impact on the rice industry in the whole southern China, and sounded the alarm for the issues on current agricultural production security and farmland protection. The grain sales of Yongding District in Hunan Province have been in a very hard status in recent years, and grain dealers such as the grain enterprises are not as active as in the past to positively purchase the farmers’ grains due to the impact of “cadmium rice storm” event. On the one hand, the government has order repeatedly to plant more grains and guarantee steady increase of total grain output, and on the other hand, the farmers’ grains cannot be sold. Grain production and sales suffer serious setback, the benefits of agricultural production and grain processing enterprise are decreased, the rice production positivity is seriously influenced and farmers react angrily. Given this, with the aims of curbing and controlling pollution of heavy metals and organic matters in agricultural producing areas, improving environments of agricultural producing areas, and guaranteeing food safety, Yongding District, on
1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan behalf of the hilly areas in Hunan Province, is listed as the subproject county of “Integrated Management of Farmland Pollution in Hunan” after rapid risk analysis and research of Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province, so as to provide reference and demonstration for hilly areas in Hunan to explore management modes for farmlands polluted by heavy metals. The project is a Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural
Land in Yongding District with World Bank loan. Its objectives are to analyze risk factors of heavy-metal-polluted farmlands in Yongding, borrow and introduce heavy-metal-polluted farmland management experience at home and abroad in the selected demonstration farmlands, establish risk-based integrated management mechanism for polluted farmland, demonstrate and popularize the integrated management mode within the final demonstration farmland scope, and then realize safety agricultural production.
1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects
From 2014, pollution control and crop planting structure adjustment pilot works were carried out in heavy-metal-polluted farmland of 2,740,100 mu in Changzhutan. Implementation results of the project: VIP remediation mode was adopted; the Cd content of early rice in standard-reaching production area, controlled special production area and substitute planting area all dropped by over 40%, of late rice by
36.7%-72.1%, and the standard-reaching rates of Cd contents of both early rice and late rice obvious increased; the physical and chemical properties of soils became better; pH value of the soils increased slightly. A series of reproducible and propogable technical paths used in the heavy metal control pilot projects in Changzhutan provide valuable experience for integrated management project of polluted farmland in Hunan with World Bank loan, and are of actual significance to management, implementation and operation of technical schemes and projects. (1) In standard-reaching production area, establish service organizations with
2 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan village or town as the unit, adopt recovery technologies and measures in a centralized way, including liming, water management optimization, deep ploughing, foliar fertilizer and organic fertilizer, green manure and soil conditioner (passivator and biological agent), and popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties. (2) In controlled special production area, develop emergency treatment, popularize VIP Cd reduction measures, and initiate straw removal and safe utilization pilot; popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties, maintain the original planting habits, continue to plant rice, and implement “four-special and one-enclosure” (i.e., “special varieties, special production area, special purchasing enterprise and special storage warehouse”) based on recovery and treatment of farmland polluted by heavy metals, so as to prevent food with Cd content exceeding standard from entering the market. (3) In substitute planting area, conduct crop planting structure adjustment, with the adjustment principles as follows: the Cd contents of non-food crops or edible arts of food crops shall not exceed the national allowable value; select low-Cd crop varieties including watermelon as alternative crops for planting structure adjustment. Therefore, during the development and implementation of integrated management project polluted farmland in Hunan, it’s necessary to summarize experience and lessons of previous similar projects, learn from successful experience, prepare project area address selection scheme and technical scheme, strengthen technical training for farmers in the project area, conduct monitoring of pollution source, soils, agricultural products, irrigation water, lime and organic fertilizers, avoid “simultaneous pollution and treatment” and secondary pollution, intensify supervision on the process of project implementation, launch supervision on key nodes in accordance with the project implementation plan, master such conditions as task implementation, fund utilization and progress in a timely way, establish technical measure implementation supervision teams in all project areas, and build job log and technical measure implementation supervision account, so as to ensure smooth implementation of the project.
3 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 1.3 Category and characteristics of the project
Conduct environmental screening of type, position, sensitivity and scale of the project, as well as characteristics and scales of potential environmental influences in accordance with environmental screening and classification requirements stated in Environmental Assessment of Safety Guarantee Policies of World Bank (OP4.01), and then the project is determined as type-A. It’s necessary to provide environmental assessment results required by type-A projects, including environmental and social management framework (ESMF), environmental management plan (EMP), environmental assessment summary (EA Summary), pest management plan (PMP), social assessment report (SA) and resettlement action plan (RAP). The objective of the project is to analyze effective data including rice, endogenous agricultural, exogenous agricultural and agricultural production management in Yongding District, conduct soil pollution risk assessment, farmland pollution source risk assessment and farmland management risk assessment by combining with actual situation in the project area, put forward corresponding risk management measures for different risk model combinations, and realize safety production of agricultural products through farmland risk control with integrated risk control management mechanism. Main contents of the project include sustainable management of farmland pollution, environmental management and agricultural environmental monitoring, project capacity building and project monitoring assessment, and project management.
1.4 Environmental assessment method
(1) Collect farmland soil status monitoring data, irrigation water quality data and surrounding pollution source (including historical pollution source and present pollution source) data in the proposed sub-project area for data arrangement and analysis; determine the proposed project areas according to the project area selection
4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan principles stated in the environmental and social management framework. (2) Determine the project implementation area after comparison of proposed project areas; select integrated management technical plan based on farmland soil pollution degrees; analyze the alternative plan from the aspects of technical maturity, construction difficulty, economic cost, acceptance level of the farmers, environmental influence and social influence.
(3) Select appropriate assessment scope according to the actual conditions of the project area after the project area is determined. (4) Preliminarily analyze farmland soil pollution in the project area through field survey, data collection and analysis, public consultation and information disclosure. (5) Collect monitoring data or conduct field monitoring according to monitoring data requirements determined in the environmental and social management framework, and prepare field monitoring plan, including monitoring factor, distribution method, sampling quantity, and sampling and analysis method. (6) Conduct due diligence on heavy metal contamination within the assessment scope, including construction and operation of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste disposal facilities; check if concentration and discharge of waste gas and wastewater reach related standards, and if safety disposal is conducted for solid waste; set up environmental management organization and environmental management system. (7) Build risk model in the project area, and adopt rice standard-exceeding situation as the main assessment index of the risk model; make a comprehensive assessment of soil pollution risk, farmland pollution source risk and farmland management risk, determine different risk models for different project areas according to different risks (no risk I, low risk II, medium risk III, high risk IV, extremely high risk V), and put forward corresponding management and control measures.
(8) Identify environmental influences (including positive and negative influences) of project activities through analysis of project activities (construction activity, agricultural activity and other activities), and put forward mitigation measures.
5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
(9) Prepare environmental management plan (EMP) of the project area; during project implementation, put forward a series of environmental influence mitigation measures, monitoring and organization construction measures, as well as environmental management, so as to eliminate or reduce adverse influence of the project on the environment; prepare plan to guarantee smooth implementation of the above measures.
(10) Prepare a comprehensive pest management plan (offprint) for all project areas in the whole province, which is used to guide pest management of sub-projects.
(11) Invite the public to fill in the participation questionnaires and convene field symposiums. Investigation scope of public investigation: project areas and areas which may be influenced; objects of public investigation: important stakeholders, including the residents involved in the project areas, the residents near the project areas, public figures who pay close attention to the project, public groups in the project areas including agricultural department, environmental protection department, water conservancy department, animal husbandry department, quality and technology supervision department, safety supervision department, and industrial and mining enterprises, and related experts. Conduct two rounds of public consultation and information disclosure during assessment. The first round is after screening the environmental problems and before the final determination of the environmental assessment outline; the second round is in the completion stage of first draft of environmental assessment report.
1.5 Basis of compilation
1.5.1 Environmental protection laws and regulations
(1) Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (revised in 2004);
(2) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy (implemented on October 1, 1984);
6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
(3) Organic Law of the Villagers’ Committee of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on November 4, 1998); (4) Law of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China, January 1, 2015; (5) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Evaluation of Environmental
Effects, Chairman Order No. 77, September 1, 2002; (6) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, Chairman Order No. 31, January 1, 2016; (7) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Chairman Order No. 87, June 1, 2008; (8) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, revised on April 24, 2015;
(9) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution, Chairman Order No. 77, March 1, 1997; (10) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation, Chairman Order No. 39, March 1, 2011; (11) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Preservation of Cultural Relics, revised on June 29, 2013; (12) Water Law of the People’s Republic of China, October 1, 2002;
(13) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife, August 27, 2009; (14) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Land Management, August, 28, 2004; (15) Forestry Law of the People’s Republic of China revised on August 27, 2009; (16) Property Law of the People’s Republic of China, October 1, 2007;
(17) Implementation Regulations for Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, revised on July 29, 2014; (18) Guidance Opinions for Improvement of Land Requisition Compensation
7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan and Resettlement, G.T.Z.F. [2004] No. 238, November 3, 2004; (19) Announcement of the State Council about Strengthening Land Control, G.F. [2006] No. 31, August 31, 2006; (20) Announcement of Ministry of Land and Resources and Ministry of Agriculture about Improving Facility Land Management, G.T.Z.F. [2010] No. 155, September 30, 2010;
(21) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, November 1, 2006; (22) Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Basic Farmland Protection, State Council [1998] No. 257, January 1, 1999; (23) Functional Zoning of Surface Water Environment of Main Water Systems in Hunan (DB43/023-2005); (24) Administration Measures for Environmental Protection of Construction
Projects in Hunan, Order of the People’s Government of Hunan Province No. 215, October 1, 2007; (25) Regulations for Environmental Protection in Hunan, May 27, 2013; (26) Regulations for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Xiangjiang River Basin 1.5.2 Regulations of governments of all levels
⑴ National “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” for Environmental Protection, G.F. [2011]
No. 42, December 15, 2011; ⑵ “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” of Hunan for Environmental Protection, Environmental Protection Department of Hunan Province, April 2012; ⑶ “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy metal contamination, Ministry of Environmental Protection, September 16, 2014;
⑷ Special Planning for Heavy metal contamination Treatment in Xiangjiang River Basin, November 209; ⑸ Implementation Plan for Heavy metal contamination Treatment in Xiangjiang
8 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
River Basin, General Office of the People’s Government of Hunan, June 28, 2012; ⑹ Regulations for Land Consolidation and Reclamation in Hunan, November 30, 2006; ⑺ Opinions of Hunan Provincial Party Committee and Government about Promoting Comprehensive Rural Land Consolidation, November 27, 2009; ⑻ Notice of the People’s Government of Hunan about Publishing Land
Requisition Compensation Standards in Hunan (X.Z.F. [2009] No. 43), March 1, 2010; ⑼ Notice of the People’s Government of Hunan about Adjusting Land Requisition Compensation Standards in Hunan (X.Z.F. [2012] No. 46), December 18, 2012; ⑽ Management Method for Rural Land Consolidation Projects in Hunan (X.G.T.Z.F. [2014] No. 5), April 16, 2014;
⑾ Several Preferential Policies of the People’s Government of Hunan about Speeding up Social and Economic Development in Ethnic Minority Regions (April 25, 2000); ⑿ Overall Planning of Yongding District, Zhangjiajie (2010-2030), the People’s Government of Yongding District, Zhangjiajie. 1.5.3 Technical guidelines and regulations for environmental impact assessment
⑴ Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: General Principles (HJ 2.1-2011); ⑵ Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Atmospheric Environment (HJ 2.2-2008); ⑶ Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Surface Water Environment (HJ/T 2.3-93);
⑷ Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Acoustic Environment (HJ 2.4-2009); ⑸ Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Ecological
9 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Impact (HJ 19-2011); ⑹ Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Groundwater Environment (HJ 610-2016); ⑺ Technical Guideline for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Projects (HJ/T 169-2004). 1.5.4 Related national standards 1.5.4.1 Environmental quality standards
⑴ Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995); ⑵ Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002); ⑶ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005); ⑷ Quality Standards for Ambient Air (GB3095-2012); ⑸ Quality Standards for Acoustic Environment (GB3096-2008); ⑹ Comprehensive Discharge Standards for Atmospheric Pollutants
(GB12697-1996); ⑺ Environmental Noise Discharge Standards in Construction Site (GB 12523-2011); ⑻ Standard for Pollution Control on Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB 18599-2001) (revised in 2013); ⑼ Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes (GB5085.1-2007) 1.5.4.2 Sanitation and safety standards for food and feed
⑴ Assessment Standards for Environmental Quality in Production Areas of Edible Agricultural Products (HJ/T 332-2006); ⑵ National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012); ⑶ National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Cd Content in Food (GB 5009.15-2014);
⑷ National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Pb Content in Food (GB 5009.12-2010); ⑸ National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Total Mercury and
10 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Organic Mercury in Food (GB 5009.17-2014); ⑹ National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Chromium in Food (GB 5009.123-2014); ⑺ National Standards for Food Safety: Determination of Total Arsenic and Inorganic Arsenic Content in Food (GB 5009.11-2014); ⑻ Food Hygiene Standards (GB13078-2001);
⑼ Ecological Indexes of As, Cd, b, Cr and Hg in Fertilizers (GB/T 23349-2009); ⑽ Organic Fertilizers (NY 525-2012). 1.5.4.3 Normative documents
⑴ Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution (the State Council, May 31, 2016); ⑵ Implementation Plan for Prevention and Control of Soil Heavy metal
contamination in Agricultural Producing Areas (N.K.J.F. [2012] No. 3). 1.5.5 Related documents of the World Bank 1.5.5.1 Safety guarantee policies
The World Bank formulates ten safety guarantee policies in social and environmental aspects. Identify whether the ten policies are involved according to the project nature, determined assessment scope and field investigation, with results shown in Table 1-1. Table 1-1 Analysis of Compliance of WB Safety Guarantee Policies Involved in the Project Safety guarantee If No. Compliance policy applicable According to environmental screening and classification requirements stated in Environmental Assessment of Safety Guarantee Policies (OP4.01), conduct environmental screening from the aspects of type, location, sensitivity, scale and potential environmental impact, and determine the OP/BP 4.01 project as type-A. It’s necessary to provide environmental 1 Environmental Yes assessment results required by type-A project, including Assessment environmental and social management framework (ESMF), environmental management plan (EMP), environmental assessment summary (EA Summary), pest management plan (PMP), social assessment report (SA), and resettlement action plan (RAP).
11 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
OP/BP 4.04 The project is mainly a farming area with frequent human 2 No Natural Habitats activities. There is no natural habitat here. The policy is not used. The project will not support major OP/BP 4.36 3 changes or degradation activities of important forest regions No Forests or related important natural habits determined by the policy. The project will support sustainable soil management practice to restore and maintain the soil quality, including chemical management. Therefore, Pest Management (OP/BP4. 09) is used in the project. It’s necessary to prepare a pest management plan (PMP), which puts forward pest control and management method, and strengthen the method OP/BP4.09 of integrated pest management and recommended application 4 Yes Pest Management scopes under various conditions, and to provide a list of fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides conforming to category requirements recommended by the World Health Organization according to the project demands. PMP should also include training and monitoring scheme for project shareholders, with implementation of training and monitoring scheme included in the project budget. There is no cultural relics protection unit in the project area. OP/BP 4.11 No occupation or removal of graves is involved; however, 5 Physical Cultural No it’s necessary to adopt Disposal Procedures of Cultural Resources Relics Discovery. The project construction involves flooding irrigation, and water source reservoir dam, including irrigation water source Shuangfengyan Reservoir, Yaowan Reservoir, Dayuwan OP/BP 4.37 6 Reservoir, Tudiyu Reservoir, Zhangjiaxi Reservoir, Yanghuxi Yes Safety of Dam Reservoir and Lijiawan Reservoir. It triggers Safety of Dam Guarantee Policy (OP/BP4.37) of the World Bank. The dam safety is completed by the hired dam safety experts. Many people of Tujia and Bai nationalities are involved in the project. There is no collective living in the project area. Therefore, the definition of ethnic minority by the World Bank is not applicable, and the ethnic minority policy of the OP/BP 4.10 World Bank is not triggered. However, it is not sure whether 7 Indigenous No the minority policy will be triggered during the residual Peoples project counties. Therefore, with the aim of guaranteeing justified rights and interests of minorities and reducing negative impacts, it’s necessary to prepare ethnic minority development plan framework. No involuntary resettlement is involved in the project, but there may be uncertain resettlement influence. Therefore, OP/BP 4.12 according to the regulations of the World Bank, when the 8 Involuntary population influenced by the selected sub-project is smaller No Resettlement than 200, the project offices and local governments should work closely with the project owner to prepare a simple resettlement plan for the selected sub-project. OP/BP7.50 Projects on The policy is not used; there is no international waterway 9 No International involved in the project area. Waterways OP/BP 7.60 The policy is not used; there is no disputed area involved in 10 Projects in No the project area. Disputed Areas According to the above identification results, the applicable safety guarantee
12 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan policies are as follows: ⑴ Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01); ⑵ Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Safety of Dam (OP/BP 4.37); ⑶ Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Pest Management
(OP/BP 4.09). 1.5.5.2 Standards
⑴ General Standards for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CODEX STAN 193-1995), revised in 2013, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC); ⑵EU Commission Regulation (EU) No. 488/2014. 1.5.6 Engineering feasibility study
⑴ Project Application Report of Hunan Integrated Management of
Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan, Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission , January 2014; ⑵ Environmental and Social Assessment Program of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan, Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal, and Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hunan Normal University, December 2015; ⑶ Environmental and Social Management Framework of Hunan Integrated
Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan, Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal, September 2016; ⑷ Feasibility Study Report of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan, Agricultural Consultation Center of Hunan Province, September 9, 2016; ⑸ Other materials related to the project.
13 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 1.6 Assessment standards 1.6.1 Quality standards
⑴ Ambient air: level-2 stated in Quality Standards for Ambient Air (GB3095-2012); ⑵ Surface water: type-II and type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002); irrigation water: Quality Standards for Farmland
Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005); ⑶ Acoustic environment: type-2 standards stated in Quality Standards for Acoustic Environment (GB3096-2008); ⑷ Soils: level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995); ⑸ Agricultural products (rice samples): National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012);
⑹ Sediments in irrigation canals: Level-II standard limit values stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995). 1.6.2 Discharge standards
⑴ Atmospheric pollutants: level-II stated in Comprehensive Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants (GB16297-1996); ⑵ Water pollutants: level-I stated in Comprehensive Standards for Discharge of
Sewage (GB8978-1996); ⑶ Noises: Environmental Noise Discharge Standards in Construction Site (GB 12523-2011); ⑷ Solid wastes: Standard for Pollution Control on Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB 18599-2001) (revised in 2013). Standard values of assessment factors: see Table 1-2.
Table 1-2 Standard Values of Assessment Factors Name of standard Standard value
14 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Item TSP SO2 NO•2• Level-2 stated in Quality Hour average value / 500 200 Standards for Ambient (ug/m3) Air (GB3095-2012) Annual average value 200 60 40 (ug/m3)
ph Total
Ammonia
nitrogen
osphorus
Type-II stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg
Environmental quality
standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard value 6～9 15 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.00005 (mg/L)
phosphorus
Ammonia
nitrogen
Total Type-III stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg
Environmental quality
standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard value 6～9 20 1.0 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 (mg/L) Item COD SS Cd Pb As Hg Cr Quality Standards for Standard Farmland Irrigation value 150 80 0.01 0.2 0.05 0.001 0.1 Water (GB5084-2005) (mg/L) Level-II standards stated Item pH Pb As Cd Cr Hg in Environmental quality Standard ＜6.5 ≤250 ≤30 ≤0.3 ≤250 ≤0.3 standard for soils value 6.5～7.5 ≤300 ≤25 ≤0.3 ≤300 ≤0.5 (GB15618-1995) (mg/L) ＞7.5 ≤350 ≤20 ≤0.6 ≤350 ≤1.0 Total Inorganic National Standards for Item Hg Cd Pb chromium arsenic Food Safety: Limits of Standard Pollutants in Food value 1.0 0.2 0.02 0.2 0.2 (GB2762-2012) (mg/L) Type-2 standards stated Item At daytime At night in Quality Standards for Type-2 Acoustic Environment 60dB(A) 50dB(A) standards (GB3096-2008)
level-II stated in Item PM SO2 NOX Comprehensive Standards Standard for Discharge of value 120 550 240 Atmospheric Pollutants (mg/m3) (GB16297-1996) Petrole Level-I stated in Item pH SS Pb As Cd Cr Hg COD um Cr Comprehensive Concentr Standards for Discharge ation of Sewage 6～9 70 5 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.5 0.05 100 limit (GB8978-1996) (mg/L) 1.7 Scope of assessment
According to identification results and actual condition of the project area, the assessment scope of the project is as follows: (1) Project area in Luotaping Township
15 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
The evaluation scope of the project area in Luotaping Township includes the Shuangfengyan reservoir used as the irrigation water source (7km from the project area in Luotaping Township), Lishui River used as the pollutant carrying water body and Qingyan iron mine (closed in 1960) having influence on the project area in Luotaping Township as well as the areas influenced by the construction activities and agricultural activities, including the surrounding Villages (mainly the Taiping Village).
(2) Project area in Wentang Town The evaluation scope of the project area in Wentang Town includes the Yaowan reservoir used as the irrigation water source (5km from the Project area in Wentang Town), Yishi River (tributary of Lishui River) used as the pollutant carrying water body and the historically polluted Lishui River (surrounding polluting enterprises have been closed) having influence on the project area in Wentang Town as well as the areas influenced by the construction activities and agricultural activities, including the surrounding Villages and schools (mainly Wentang Village and no.7 middle school of the county) (3) Project area in Houping Town The evaluation scope of the project area in Houping Town includes the Daxiawan reservoir used as the irrigation water source, Lishui River regarded as the pollutant carrying water body and the historically polluted Lishui River (surrounding polluting enterprises have been closed) having influence on the project area in Houping Town as well as the areas influenced by the construction activities and agricultural activities, including the surrounding Villages and schools (mainly Wuxi Village, Bajiahe Village, Guangyanju Village as well as Bajiahe primary school and Dayongsuo middle school). (4) Project area in Fengxiangang Town The evaluation scope of the project area in Fengxiangang Town includes the
Tudiyu reservoir used as the irrigation water source, mountain spring water and the historically polluted Lishui River (surrounding polluting enterprises have been closed) having influence on the project area in Fengxiangang Town as well as the areas
16 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan influenced by the construction activities and agricultural activities, including the surrounding Villages (mainly Qingyutan Village, Fengxianggang Village, Darongxi Village and Dingjiarong Village). (5) Project area in Xixiping Town The evaluation scope of the project area in Xixiping Town includes the Zhangjiaxi reservoir used as the irrigation water source, Shier valley stream and
Zhangjiaxi used as the pollutant carrying water body and the nickel molybdenum mines (closed in 2008) having influence on the project area in Xixiping Town as well as the areas influenced by the construction activities and agricultural activities, including the surrounding Villages (mainly Zhuangjiayu Village). (6) Project area in Yanghuping Town The evaluation scope of the project area in Yanghuping Town includes the Yanghuxi reservoir and Lijiawan reservoir used as the irrigation water source, Lishui
River regarded as the pollutant carrying water body and the historically polluted Lishui River (surrounding polluting enterprises have been closed) having influence on the project area in Yanghuping Town as well as the areas influenced by the construction activities and agricultural activities, including the surrounding Villages and schools (mainly Wujiaju Village, Yangchi Village as well as No.4 middle school of Dayong County and Shawan Dadui primary school). The influence scope of the above construction activities is only limited to the construction period, and the influence of construction activities on the environment will disappear after completion of the construction period.
1.8 Environmental sensitive sites
According to the field investigation of the project areas, the environmental sensitive sites of the project are shown in Table 1-3 and Figures 1-1~1-13.
17 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Table 1-3 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Project Areas No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Luotaping Township, with Lishui River multi-year average runoff of 13.12 billion m3 and basin area of 18496km2 (including Surface water 1573 6km2 within the territory of Hunan Province) Project Shuangfengyan Irrigation water source for the project area in Luotahu Town constructed in 1967 and 7km from the project area of Luotaping area in reservoir reformed in 2010, with a reservoir capacity of 790,000m3. Township Luotapin 1 Atmospheric g environment Farmland treatment area of 51 hectares Townshi Taiping Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 households and acoustic in Daping Village p environment Located in the upstream of Luotaping Qingyan iron mine Mining scale 2000-10000 t/year Village and closed in 1960 Yishi River Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Wentang Town Tributary of Lishui River Surface water Irrigation water source for the project area in Wentang Town constructed in 1980 and 5km from the project area in Wentang Yaowan Reservoir reformed in 2012, with a reservoir capacity of 6,744,000m3. Town Project Atmospheric area in environment Farmland treatment area of 125.1 2 Wentang Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 6 households Wentang and acoustic hectares in Wentang Village Town environment Pollution of Lishui River in the Surrounding pollution enterprises have
history been closed No.7 middle school of the county Totally about 800 teachers and students Located in Wentang Village Project Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Wuxi Village, with multi-year 3 area in Surface water Lishui River average runoff of 13.12 billion m3 and basin area of 18496km2 (including 15736km2 Houping within the territory of Hunan Province)
18 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Town Dayuwan Irrigation water source for the project area in Guangyanju Village constructed in 1958
reservoir and reformed in 2011, with a reservoir capacity of 234,000m3. Farmland treatment area of 146.5 Wuxi Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 households Atmospheric hectares in Wuxi Village environment Farmland treatment area of 91.6 Bajiahe Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 4 households and acoustic hectares in Bajiahe Village environment Guangyanju Farmland treatment area of 93.7 Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 households Village hectares in Guangyanju Village Pollution of Lishui River in the Surrounding pollution enterprises have
history been closed Bajiahe primary school Totally about 200 teachers and students Located in Bajiahe Village
Dayongsuo middle school Totally about 500 teachers and students Located in Wuxi Village Continued Table 1-3 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Project Areas No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks
Irrigation water source for Fengxianggang Village in the project area of 2km from the project area of Tudiyu reservoir Fengxianggang Township constructed in 1972 and reformed in 2011, with a Fengxianggang Township reservoir capacity of 1,402,000m3. Project Mountain spring Irrigation water source for the Qingyutang Village, Darongxi Village and Surface water area in water Dingjiarong Village in the project area of Fengxianggang Township Fengxia Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Fengxianggang Township, with 4 nggang Lishui river multi-year average runoff of 13.12 billion m3 and basin area of 18496km2 Townshi (including 15736km2 within the territory of Hunan Province) p Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 Farmland treatment area of 89.96 hectares Qingyutan Village households in Qingyutan Village Surface water Fengxianggang Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 Farmland treatment area of 72.1 hectares Village households in Fengxianggang Village
19 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 6 Farmland treatment area of 95 hectares in Darongxi Village households Darongxi Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 4 Farmland treatment area of 11 hectares in Dingjiarong Village households Dingjiarong Village Pollution of Lishui River in the Surrounding pollution enterprises have
history been closed Irrigation water source in the project area of Xixiping Town constructed in 1973 Zhangjiaxi reservoir and reformed in 2009, with a reservoir capacity of 1,2432,000m3. Surface water Shier valley stream Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Xixiping Town Tributary of Lishui River Project and Zhangjiaxi area in Atmospheric 5 Xixipin environment Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 4 Farmland treatment area of 86.6 hectares Zhuangjiayu Village g Town and acoustic households in Zhuangjiayu Village environment Located in the upstream of the project Nickel molybdenum mine Mining scale 3000-18000 t/year area in Xixiping Town and closed in 2008
Continued Table 1-3 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Project Areas No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Yanghuping Town, with multi-year average runoff of 13.12 Project Lishui river billion m3 and basin area of 18496km2 (including 15736km2 area in within the territory of Hunan Province) 6 Yanghu Surface water Irrigation water source for Wujiaju Village in the project area ping Yanghuxi reservoir of Yanghuping Town constructed in 1964 and reformed in 2km from the project area of Wujiaju Town Town 2010, with a reservoir capacity of 3,064,000m3. Lijiawa reservoir Irrigation water source for Yangchi Village in the project area 2km from the project area of Yangchi Town
20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
of Yanghuping Town constructed in 1974 and reformed in 2008, with a reservoir capacity of 665,000m3. Mainly the population influenced by civil construction Farmland treatment area of 87.6 hectares in Wujiaju Village activities, about 5 households Wujiaju Village Surface water Mainly the population influenced by civil construction Farmland treatment area of 57.1 hectares in Yangchi Village activities, about 4 households Yangchi Village No.4 middle school of Dayong County Totally about 600 teachers and students Located in Wujiaju Village Shawa Dadui primary school Totally about 200 teachers and students Surrounding pollution enterprises have been Pollution of Lishui River in the history closed
21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Figure 1-1 Yongding Project Location and Distribution of Environmental Sensitive Sites
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Figure 1-2 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Fengxianggang Village, Fengxianggang Township
Figure 1-3 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Qingyutan Village, Fengxianggang Township
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Figure 1-4 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Dingjiarong Village, Fengxianggang Township
Figure 1-5 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Darongxi Village, Fengxianggang Township
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Figure 1-6 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Bajiahe Village, Houping Town
Figure 1-7 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Guangyanju Village, Houping Town
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Figure 1-8 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Wuxi Village, Houping Town
Figure 1-9 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Taiping Village, Luotaping Township
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Figure 1-10 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Wujiaju Village, Yanghuping Town
Figure 1-11 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Yangchi Village, Yanghuping Town
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Figure 1-12 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Wentang Village, Wentang Town
Figure 1-12 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Zhuangjiayu Village, Xiping Town
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Chapter 2 Environmental Status
2.1 Natural environment
2.1.1 Geographical location Yongding District is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, hinterland of Wuling mountains and middle & upper reaches of Lishui River, and its coordinate is within northern latitude 28°51′13″～29°25′06″ and east longitude 110°04′15″～ 110°55′06″. It is adjacent to Cili County and Taoyuan County in the east, Yuanling County in the south, Yongshun County in the west, and Wulingyuan District and Sangzhi County in the north. It has an east-west length of 80.2km and south-north width of 60.6km, and its total land area is 2173.808 km2 accounting for 1.1% of total area of Hunan Province and 22.9% of total area of the whole city. The implementation sites of various project areas in Yongding District are detailed in the attached Fig.1. 2.1.2 Landform Yongding District is located in the south end of the 3rd uplifted zone in the neocathaysian first-level tectonic unit in the east of China, including the secondary uplifted zone in Wuling Mountain and the secondary uplifted zone in Dayong basin. The southern and middle branches of Wuling Mountains run through the whole territory of Yongding District, and the landform can be roughly divided into the mountain landform, fluvial landform and accumulation landform. Its terrain shows the characteristics of two-grade lifting and falling, i.e. the mountains in the north area incline towards the Lishui river valley, while Maoyan river valley is formed in the upstream of Lishui river just like hundreds miles of gallery; the mountains in the south area are more higher and show cascade degradation towards Yuanshui river by regarding the Tianmen Mountain as a baseline; the middle area is low and mainly covered by the semi-ring hilly basins. 2.1.3 Weather Yongding District belongs to the mid-subtropical mountain plateau type humid monsoon climate, with sufficient sunlight heat, abundant rainfall, warm winters and cool summers, the mild four-season climate, long frost-free period and short freeze-up period, this district is suitable for the growth of thermophilic crops such as rice, corn,
23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan sweet potato and ramie as well as the overwintering crops such as wheat, bean and oilseed rape, etc. The climate in this district is complicated and variable due to the influence of topography and vegetation, etc., and the disastrous weather conditions such as drought, flood, strong wind and hail, etc. occur frequently in this district, which influences the growth of crops to varying degrees and causes the occurrence of natural disasters. The division of 4 seasons is made according to the following criteria: winter = average temperature is lower than 10℃, summer = average temperature is higher than 22℃ and spring & autumn = average temperature is within 10～22℃. The duration of spring, summer, autumn and winter is respectively 70-72 days, 118-123 days, 66-68 days and 105-111 days, so it can be seen that this district has distinctive 4 seasons. The accumulated temperature ≥10℃ of the whole district is 4500～5300℃ with a duration of 220-250 days. Over the years, the average frost-free period is about 270 days. 2.1.4 Surface water ⑴ Surface water system Yongding District is located in the area of Wuling Mountains running through the whole territory of this district. It has two water systems: Lishui river water system in the north and Yuanshui river water system in the south. Lishui River is one of the 4 largest rivers in Hunan Province and it is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, with its basin crossing through Hunan Province and Hubei Province. The trunk stream of Lishui river consists of 3 water sources (north, middle and south water source), but it is dominated by the north water source. The north water source is originated in the Shanmu boundary in Sangzhi County of Hunan Province, the middle water source is originated from the east foot of the Badagong mountain in Sangzhi County, and the south source is originated in the Longjia stockaded Village in Yongshun County of Hunan Province. These three water sources flow to the east after confluence in Nancha Village of Sangzhi County. These three water sources will receive the water from tributaries such as the Loushui River, Xieshui River, Daoshui River and Censhui River, etc. and then flow into Dongting Lake in Xiaodukou Town of Li County. The trunk stream has a total length of 388km, drainage basin area of 18496 km2 (including 15505km2 in Hunan Province) and multi-year average runoff of 13.12 billion m3. The water systems in this district are
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan shown in the Fig.2-1.
Fig.2-1 Water Systems in Yongding District
⑵ Basic condition of dams
According to identification results of dam experts of the World Bank, Water
Conservation Department and Agricultural Department of Yongding District, the dams which are involved and meet the dam safety policies are: Shuangfengyan
Reservoir, Yaowan Reservoir, Dayuwan Reservoir, Tudiyu Reservoir, Zhangjiaxi
Reservoir, Yanghuxi Reservoir and Lijiawan Reservoir. Basic conditions of dams in
Yongding District: see Table 2-2. Dam safety analysis: see Dam Safety Assessment
Report of 2015 for Integrated Management Projects of Polluted Farmland with World
Bank Loans in Hunan Province. According to the report, within the scope of the first batch implementation, 13 reservoir dams trigger the dam safety policy (OP4.37) of the
World Bank. 7 are in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City and 6 in Yongding District of Chenzhou City, all of which are small-sized. The 13 small-sized reservoirs are classified as type-III dams whose hazard removal and reinforcement engineering have 25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan been completed. The hazard removal and reinforcement engineering design is targeted and can meet related requirements. The accepted engineering construction quality meets the design and regulation requirements, with other construction quality to be further evaluated after the engineering acceptance. The conditions of reservoirs are improved to different extents after hazard removal and reinforcement. All the reservoirs operate normally without major abnormality. No obvious deformation or leakage is found during the inspection. However, there are hidden safety hazards in management requiring solving. After the hidden safety hazards are eliminated, these reservoirs can be used as supply water sources for integrated management projects of polluted farmland in Hunan.
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Table 2-2 Basic Condition of Dams in Yongding District
Total storage Latest Safety Completion Height Responsible No. Name Location capacity Dam type inspection status Operator Owner time (m) department (m3) date (level)
Water Water Conservancy Shuangfengyan Luotaping Homogeneous February Conservancy 1 1967 20 790000 Ⅰ January 2013 Management Station Reservoir Township earth dam 2013 Bureau of of Township District Water Conservancy Water Yaowan Sanjiaguan Clay core Management Station Conservancy 2 1980 33 6744400 May 2010 Ⅰ April 2010 Reservoir Township rockfill dam of Township Bureau of District Water Water Conservancy Dayuwan Clay core Conservancy 3 Houping Town 1958 16 23400 April 2013 Ⅰ March 2013 Management Station Reservoir rockfill dam Bureau of of Town District Water Water Conservancy Tudiyu Fengxianggang Clay core Conservancy 4 1972 24.85 1402000 April 2010 Ⅰ March 2010 Management Station Reservoir Township rockfill dam Bureau of of Township District Water Water Conservancy Zhangjiaxi Clay core Conservancy 5 Xixiping 1973 26.97 1243000 March 2009 Ⅰ February 2009 Management Station Reservoir rockfill dam Bureau of of Township District Yanghuxi Clay core Water 6 1964 28 3064000 April 2010 Ⅰ March 2010 Water Conservancy Reservoir Yanghuping rockfill dam Conservancy Management Station Lijiawan Town Clay core Bureau of 7 1974 17 665000 March 2013 Ⅰ February 2013 of Town Reservoir rockfill dam District
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
During the project implementation, the provincial project office reinforces elimination of hidden hazards and conducts management of dams together with Water
Conservancy Bureau of Yongding District, Zhangjiajie in accordance with the management suggestions listed in Dam Safety Assessment Report of 2015 for
Integrated Management Projects of Polluted Farmland with World Bank Loans in
Hunan Province.
2.2 Ecological environment
⑴ Current situation of land utilization In accordance with the diagram for the current land use status of Yongding District, it can be seen that Yongding belongs to the obvious typical mountain and hill landform with many mountains and few field. In which, the area of forest land accounts for 70.72% of the total area, while the area of farmland accounts for 10.54% of the total area. Specific details are shown in the Table 2-2 and Fig.2-2. Table 2-2 Statistics of Current Situation of Land Utilization Area Proportio Land type Remarks (hectare) n (%) Cultivated land: 22908 10.54 Paddy field 16964.6 7.80 Dry land 5943.3 2.73 Gardens include the orchard, tea Farmland Garden land 5419.4 2.49 garden and other types Including forest land, shrubbery Forest land 153733.87 70.72 land, open forest land, immature forest land, slash and nursery Others 2533.33 1.17 Settlement points Including the urban land, rural and independent residential land, independent 6766.67 3.11 industrial and industrial and mining land, and mining lands lands for special uses. Construct Including highway land and rural ion land Land for traffic 726.4 0.33 roads Land for water Including the lands for rivers, conservancy 1071.93 0.49 reservoirs, pits & pools, tidal flats, facilities ditches and hydraulic structures. Including the wild grass ground, Non-utilized land 24221.2 11.14 bare land and bare rock gravel land
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Total 217380.8 100
Figure 2-2 Current Situation of Land Utilization in Yongding District ⑵. Fertility of soil farmland
① Soil texture Soil texture has an important significance to the supply and maintenance of soil nutrients and significantly influences the growth of crops. The texture is divided according to the content of sand grains, silt and clay in soil. The distribution of farmland soil textures in Yongding District is shown in the Table 2-3. In the farmland soil textures of Yongding District, the largest area of soil texture is the sandy loam which has a total area of 7075.90 hectares and accounts for 24.98% of total area; the second one is the heavy loam soil which has a total area of 6679.84 hectares and accounts for 23.58% of total area; and the third one is the clay which has a total area of 5795.71 hectares and accounts for 20.46% of total area. The soil texture of Yongding District sees Figure 2-3.
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Table 2-3 The distribution of soil textures in Yongding District (hectare) Light Sandy Sandy Medium Heavy Soil type Clay Total loam loam soil loam loam Dry land 15.87 763.27 381.60 1746.87 180.33 2855.47 5943.40 Paddy land 5493.60 5048.27 553.33 2089.87 1542.73 2236.80 16964.60 Total 5509.47 5811.53 934.93 3836.73 1723.07 5092.27 22908.00 Proportion 24.05% 25.37% 4.08% 16.75% 7.52% 22.23% 100%
Figure 2-3 The distribution of soil textures in Yongding District
②Soil pH value Soil pH values of farmlands in Yongding District show the overall normal distribution characteristic, but the distribution pattern slightly inclines towards the acidity. The measured 1059 samples have an average pH value of 6.0, which means that they show a weak acidity. There are 5 samples with the soil pH value lower than 4.5, accounting for 0.5% of total number of measured samples; 179 samples with soil
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan pH value higher than 7.5, accounting for 17%; and 620 samples with pH value lower than 6.0, accounting for 59%. In general, the soil acidity or alkalinity of farmlands in Yongding District is more in the acid to weak acid state, and the soil with pH value higher than 7.0 is mainly concentrated in the paddy fields on both banks of Lishui River, showing a transition from acidity to the neutral. The soil acidity or alkalinity in Yongding District is shown in the Fig.2-4.
Figure 2-4 Distribution of Soil Acidity or Alkalinity in Yongding District ③Soil organic matter Soil organic content of farmlands in Yongding District shows an overall normal distribution pattern, and the organic content of soil is high. The number of samples with organic content lower than 20.0g/kg only accounts for 19.20% of total number of samples, and the number of samples with organic content higher than 40.0g/kg only accounts for 21.30% of total number of samples. However, the organic content shows a high variability. The highest organic content is up to 69.8 g/kg, the lowest one is only 10.0 g/kg and the average value is 30.42 g/kg, so this belongs to the high-content level. By making reference to related standards, the number of samples with soil 31 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan organic content at an extremely high level (>40g/kg) accounts for 21.30% of total number of samples, the number of samples with soil organic content at a high level (30-40g/kg) accounts for 20.6% of total number of samples, while the number of samples with soil organic content at a medium level (20-30g/kg) accounts for 38.9% of total number of samples. The sum of these three proportions is 80.8%. It thus can be seen that the soil organic content of farmlands in Yongding District is at an above-average level. The distribution of soil organic content in Yongding District is detailed in the Fig. 2-5 and Fig. 2-6.
450 45
400 Sample样本数（个） number 40 350 F频率（requency%） (%) 35
Sample number
300 30 F
requency ）
250 25 %
200 20
(%) 频率（
样本数（个） 150 15
100 10
50 5
0 0 <10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 >70 Soil organic有机质含量（ content g/kg）
Figure 2-5 Distribution of Soil Organic Content in Yongding District
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Figure 2-6 Distribution of Soil Organic Content in Yongding District
④Soil and farmland fertility In accordance with the requirements of the National Type Division and Improvement Technology for Medium-Low Yield Field (NY/T310-1996) and the agriculture industry standard Division of National Farmland Type Areas and Farmland Fertility Grade (NY/T309-1996) issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1997, correlation analysis is made by using the average per unit area yield of grain and comprehensive fertility index of more than 1000 sample points in recent years, and then the farmland fertility index classification system of Yongding District is determined as shown in the Table 2-4 and Fig.2-7. In accordance with the current crop yield criteria in Yongding District, the grade 1 and grade 2 lands are determined to be high yield farmlands, the grade 3, 4 and 5 lands are determined to be middle yield farmlands, and the grade 6 and 7 lands are determined to be low yield farmlands. It can be seen from the Fig.2-7 that the grade 1 land has the largest area,
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan accounting for 17.9%; the second one is the grade 6 land accounting for 17.42; the third one is the grade 3 land accounting for 14.73%. The area of high yield lands accounts for 32.62% of total area of land, middle land accounts for 39.94 and low yield land accounts for 27.44%, which means that the area of middle and low yield land in Yongding District is larger than that of high yield farmlands. High yield farmlands are mainly concentrated on both banks of Lishui River. Table 2-4 Area Statistics of Farmland Fertility Grading Result in Yongding District
Grade Level-1 Level-2 Level-3 Level-4 Level-5 Level-6 Level-7 IFI >0.90 0.87-0.90 0.80-0.85 0.77-0.80 0.70-0.75 0.67-0.70 <0.65 Yield (kg/mu) ≥900 800-900 700-800 600-700 500-600 400-500 ≤400 Criteria High yield farmland Middle yield farmland Low yield farmland Area (hectare) 4100.00 3372.67 3373.60 2952.20 2823.27 3990.33 2295.93 Proportion (%) 17.90 14.72 14.73 12.89 12.32 17.42 10.02
Figure 2-7 Level of Farmland Fertility in Yongding District
2.3 Social and economic environment
(1) Administrative division and population
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
In accordance with the Statistical Yearbook of Yongding District in 2014, the permanent resident population in the whole district was 470,030 in 2013, including the agricultural population of 332,300 and non-agricultural population of 138,000 classified according to the nature of household registration, and the male and female population is respectively 240,400 and 229,900 classified according to the gender. In which, the minority population is 374,300, accounting for 79.95% of total population of Yongding District. The municipal government of Zhangjiajie is located in Yongding District which has a long history. It could be traced to the period of Two Han dynasties and was renamed to Dayong County and Yongding District respectively in 1913 and 1988. It has an area of 2,174km2, consisting of 21 towns and 6 subdistrict offices. It is the location of the municipal government of Zhangjiajie and also the political, economic and cultural center and transportation hub of the whole city. (2) Economic condition
In 2014, the regional gross product reached 16,847,910,000 yuan, with an increase of 10.8% compared with the previous year. The value added in the primary industry: 1,570,690,000 yuan, with the growth of 4.7%; value added in the secondary industry: 3,728,900,000 yuan, with the growth of 6.9%; value added in the tertiary industry: 11,548,320,000 yuan, with the growth of 13.1%. The contribution rates of three industries are 4.2%, 15.1% and 80.7% respectively; GDP driven by three industries are 0.5%, 1.6% and 8.7% respectively. The structure of the three industries is adjusted from 9.4:23.4:67.2 of the last year to 9.3:22.2:68.5. The per capita GDP of the whole district is 36,903 Yuan, which means that the year-on-year growth is 9.4% calculated as per the comparable prices. (3) Agricultural production In 2014, the total output of the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and service industries was RMB 2,480,220,000 Yuan; the planting area of grain crops in the whole year was 30840 hectares, and the grain total output was 146,553 tons; the planting area of oil crops was 10,140 hectares, and the oil output was 19,244 tons; the
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan planting area of flue-cured tobacco in the whole year was 1,600 hectares, and the output of flue-cured tobacco was 3,264 tons; the planting area of vegetables was 12,100 hectares, and the output of vegetables was 290400 tons; the marketing quantity of hog, cattle and sheep at the end of the year was respectively 288,700, 26,500 and 51,800, and the marketing quantity of poultry was 1,554,400; the amount of livestock on hand at the end of the year was 245,200; the meat output at the end of the year was
28,020 tons, including 21,649 tons of pork; the output of eggs was 2,113 tons and the output of aquatic product was 7,564 tons. ① Grain production The planting area of cereals in the whole district was 30,840 hectares, and the total output of cereals was 146,553 tons; most of the planting systems were the “rice- oilseed rape”, “rice-vegetable”, “rice-idling” etc. The main grain production areas suitable for planting rice in the whole district are located in the farmlands along the
Lishui River, basins along the Maoxi River and several towns in the southeast corner. Distribution of rice plantation: see Figure 2-8.
Figure 2-8 Distribution of rice plantation in Yongding District ② Paddy filed infrastructure Paddy filed infrastructure of Yongding District is in good condition. Area with 36 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan completely compatible infrastructure: 1,224.13hectares, accounting for 7.22% of the area of paddy fields; area with compatible infrastructure: 4,593.00hectares, accounting for 27.07%; area with basically compatible infrastructure: 5,997.33 hectares, accounting for 35.35%; area with incompatible infrastructure: 4,690.87 hectares, accounting for 27.65%; the area without facility: 459.27 hectares, accounting for 2.71% (see Table 2-5).
Table 2-5 Statistics of Paddy Field Facility Areas in Yongding District (unit: hectare)
No Basically Completely Name of township Incompatible Compatible Total facility compatible compatible Chongwen Office 0.00 9.93 6.27 14.53 0.00 30.80
Daping Town 8.47 164.33 203.67 84.00 0.87 461.33
Daqiao Office 0.00 12.93 32.20 15.33 9.53 70.00 Fengxianggang 17.73 76.00 402.33 66.93 212.67 775.73 Township Guanliping Office 3.67 75.53 91.60 113.40 2.93 287.13
Hezuoqiao 1.00 113.73 276.27 334.67 16.53 742.20 Township
Houping Town 9.20 235.80 460.07 117.27 263.47 1085.80
Continued Table 2-5 Statistics of Paddy Field Facility Areas in Yongding District (unit: hectare)
Name of No Basically Completely Incompatible Compatible Total township facility compatible compatible Shuziya Town 46.67 300.53 429.80 338.53 17.80 1133.33
Luoshi Township 52.80 168.27 199.00 101.60 4.93 526.67 Luotaping 74.07 242.47 138.73 74.53 14.93 544.67 Township Nanzhuangping 3.47 31.80 16.33 6.60 83.40 141.67 Office Qiaotou Township 47.93 214.80 298.00 117.87 6.80 685.40 Qing’anping 0.00 105.20 90.13 179.33 35.27 409.93 Township Sancha Township 47.13 79.13 278.67 32.07 0.00 437.00
Sanjiaguan 4.93 306.47 57.13 325.33 26.13 720.00 Township Shadi Township 22.87 125.33 361.27 243.67 27.53 780.67 Shuangxiqiao 0.00 107.80 121.33 119.20 28.60 376.93 Township Siduping 27.53 202.53 326.33 136.47 7.00 699.87 Township Wangjiaping Town 0.00 536.87 164.07 459.40 18.87 1179.27
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Wentang Town 16.67 64.93 74.60 85.93 2.87 245.00 Xixiping Street 27.07 229.87 356.40 175.07 28.47 816.87 Office Xiejiaya Township 6.87 260.33 134.00 228.27 82.20 711.67
Xinqiao Town 5.47 85.27 346.40 180.80 43.53 661.47
Yanghuping Town 0.00 223.20 298.87 243.53 120.00 885.60
Yinjiaxi Town 29.47 375.47 581.60 214.27 132.33 1333.13
Yongding Office 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.67
Yuanguping Town 0.00 326.00 201.07 527.47 23.27 1077.80
Nonglingchang 6.13 16.27 50.47 57.00 14.07 144.00
Total 459.27 4690.87 5997.33 4593.00 1224.13 16964.60
Proportion (%) 2.71 27.65 35.35 27.07 7.22 100.00
Note: In accordance with the requirements of the Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Theory and Practice of Hunan Province, farmland infrastructure consists of the complete support, supporting, basic supporting, non-supporting and zero supporting facilities. Irrigation and drainage ditches among farmlands, land leveling, ruralizing, tractor-ploughing road, lines of trees, etc are all the farmland facilities. Farmland infrastructure mainly includes the following items: 1. Land leveling to make piece of paddy field in a square shape; 2. Supporting by three ditches (flood diversion ditch, water drainage ditch and irrigation ditch); 3. Supporting by three networks (ditch network, road network and forest network). The farmland infrastructure containing the above-mentioned 3 items are the complete supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure lacking one item are the supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure lacking two items are the basic supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure containing 1-2 items not at a high standard are the non-supporting facilities, and the farmland infrastructure not constructed are deemed to have zero facility
(4) Overview of project areas ① Luotaping Township Luotaping Township is located in the northwest of Yongding District, with many mountains and few land as well as abundant mineral resources (iron, copper, aluminum and coal) within its territory, and the covering rate of forest and grassland is above 80%. ② Wentang Town Wentang Town is located in the northwest of Yongding District and most of it is covered by the hills, with rich water resources and abundant coal and iron resources. It consists of 6 Villages and 1 neighborhood committee, and most of its population is the Tujia and Miao nationality. ③ Houping Town Project area of Houping Town is located in the west of Yongding District and on the south bank of Lishui River, and it is the west gate and important border trade town of Zhangjiajie City. Its average altitude is 340m. In addition to Chongshan Mountain 38 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan and Zhongshan Mountain, the remaining area of this town is covered by the alluvial flat ground of Lishui River. It consists of 14 administrative Villages, 3 neighborhood committees, 176 Village (neighborhood) groups and 5,260 households, with total agricultural population of 19,057 and urban population of 1,508. It is an important base for development and production of fruit, grain, vegetable and construction materials in Yongding District. ④ Fengxianggang Township Fengxianggang Township is located on the north bank of Lishui River in the west of Yongding District of Zhangjiajie, and it consists of 11 Villages, 2 neighborhood committees, 100 Village groups, 17 neighborhood groups and 3,420 households, with a population of 12,681. Its main nationality is the Han and Tujia nationality mixed with a small number of Miao nationality and Bai nationality. Most of areas of this town are covered by the alluvial flat ground, and hilly mountains are also visible. It is the comprehensive agricultural development zone in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie and also the “granary” of Yongding District. It has fertile lands and its main products include the grain & oil, fruit and vegetable. ⑤ Xixiping Town Xixiping subdistrict office is located in the east gate of Yongding District, and it is adjacent to Tianmen Mountain in the south and Lishui River in the north. It consists of 7 communities and 19 mountain Villages, and it has a population of more than 37,000 (including agricultural population of 23,000) and national land area of 127 km2. It has abundant water resources and has constructed Hongbiyan and Tumuxi hydropower stations. Its topography is dominated by the plain and mountain. The area in the north of Jiaozuo-liuzhou railway is covered by a large area of farmlands, while its south is covered by mountains with deep cloud and mist. ⑥ Yanghuping Town Yanghuping Town is located in the northeast of Yongding District and relies on the Lishui River. It consists of 19 Villages, 3 neighborhood committees, 203 Village (neighborhood) groups and 5,545 households (including 5,526 agricultural households), with total population of 21,149.
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 2.4 Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status
2.4.1 Investigation and assessment of current surface water environment status
(1)Arrangement of monitoring points
The project area in Luotaping Township of Yongding District uses the Shuangfengyan reservoir as the irrigation water source. The main irrigation water source for the project area in Wentang Town is the Yaowan reservoir supplemented by the Lishui River. The irrigation water source for the project area in Houping Town is the Dayuwan reservoir and mountain spring water. The irrigation water source for the project area in Fengxianggang Township is the mountain spring water and the Tudiyu reservoir. The irrigation water source for the project area in Xixiping Town is the
Zhangjiaxi reservoir. The irrigation water source for the project area in Yanghuping Town is the Yanghuxi reservoir and Lijiawan reservoir. With the aim of investigating irrigation water quality in the project areas, the Agricultural Bureau of Yongding District entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor irrigation water source. ⑵ Time of monitoring December 26-28, 2015 and January 18-20, 2016
⑶ Assessment standards Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III standards stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) ⑷ Assessment results According to the monitoring results stated in Table 2-6, monitoring factors of irrigation water sources of all project areas (pH, CODCr, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, As, Pb, Cd, Cr6+ and Hg) reach the requirements of Quality Standards for
Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002).
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Table 2-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring point Monitoring Name Total Ammonia Cr location date pH COD As Pb Cd Hg cr phosphorus nitrogen VI 2015.12.26 7.42 7.6 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND Wentang section of upstream of Lishui 2015.12.27 7.54 6.8 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2015.12.28 7.61 6.2 0.01 0.026 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 2015.12.26 7.55 7.2 0.04 0.185 ND ND ND ND ND Shantang Yejiaxi 2015.12.27 7.53 6.8 0.03 0.182 ND ND ND ND ND 2015.12.28 7.48 7.6 0.03 0.191 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) Wentang Town result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 2016.1.18 7.55 ND 0.02 0.036 ND ND ND ND ND Yaowan Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.62 5.4 0.01 0.036 ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.58 ND 0.01 0.033 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate
Assessment (%) result Maximum times of
ultra standard 7.71 6.0 0.02 0.035 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001 Longtan Group 7.68 7.0 0.01 0.032 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 7.63 5.0 0.01 0.034 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Longtan group is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands Continued Table 2-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring Monitoring point location Name Total Ammonia Cr date pH COD As Pb Cd Hg cr phosphorus nitrogen VI 2015.12.26 7.46 7.8 0.02 0.042 ND ND ND ND ND Dayuwan Reservoir 2015.12.27 7.48 7.2 0.02 0.045 ND ND ND ND ND 2015.12.28 7.34 6.4 0.02 0.042 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Guangyanju ultra standard Village 7.51 9.0 0.03 0.072 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Group 12 of Guangyanju 7.47 10.0 0.02 0.069 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001 Houping 7.50 8.0 0.03 0.065 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Town Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 2016.1.18 7.65 5.4 0.01 0.028 0.0054 ND ND ND ND Mountain spring 2016.1.19 7.70 ND 0.01 0.028 0.0055 ND ND ND ND Bajiahe Village 2016.1.20 7.69 ND 0.02 0.031 0.0055 ND ND ND 0.00001 Assessment Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 result rate (%)
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Group 12 of Guangyanju is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands
Continued Table 2-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected)
Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring point Monitoring Name Total Ammonia Cr location date pH COD As Pb Cd Hg cr phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.18 7.58 ND 0.06 0.047 ND ND ND ND ND
Zhangjiaxi Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.62 ND 0.07 0.050 ND ND ND ND ND
2016.1.20 7.63 ND 0.05 0.047 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Xixiping Zhuangjiayu ultra standard Village 7.72 7.0 0.07 0.045 0.0006 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001
Group 5 of Zhuangjiayu 7.81 6.0 0.07 0.048 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002
7.75 6.0 0.06 0.050 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001 Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Group 5 of Zhuangjiayu is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands
Continued Table 2-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected)
Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring Monitoring point location Name Total Ammonia Cr date pH COD As Pb Cd Hg cr phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.18 7.25 ND 0.01 0.036 ND ND ND ND 0.00002
Mountain spring 2016.1.19 7.29 6.7 0.01 0.039 ND ND ND ND ND
Qingyutan 2016.1.20 7.32 11.3 0.01 0.033 ND ND ND ND ND Village Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 of ultra standard Fengxianggang 2016.1.18 7.66 7.1 0.05 0.253 ND ND ND ND ND Township Shandiyu Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.65 6.3 0.05 0.357 ND ND ND ND ND
2016.1.20 7.61 6.7 0.06 0.386 ND ND ND ND ND Standard Fengxianggang exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment Village (%) result Maximum times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 of ultra standard 7.66 5.0 0.04 0.109 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00006 Group 10 7.62 7.0 0.08 0.109 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00003
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
7.63 6.0 0.05 0.107 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00007 Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 of ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Group 10 of Fengxianggang Village10 is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands
Continued Table 2-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected)
Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring point Monitoring Name Total Ammonia Cr location date pH COD As Pb Cd Hg cr phosphorus nitrogen VI 7.49 13.0 0.04 0.085 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002
Mountain spring of Yuhuangdong 7.52 5.0 0.03 0.088 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002
Fengxianggang 7.56 5.0 0.04 0.082 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Township Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Continued Table 2-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected)
Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring point Monitoring Name Total Ammonia Cr location date pH COD As Pb Cd Hg cr phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.18 7.44 10.0 0.03 0.077 ND ND ND ND ND Shuangfengyan Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.48 8.3 0.03 0.072 ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.42 ND 0.02 0.072 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard Luotaping Township 7.52 9.0 0.04 0.071 0.0005 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 You’ai Group of Taiping Village 7.55 10.0 0.03 0.056 0.0006 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00003 7.53 7.0 0.03 0.063 0.0006 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: You’ai Group of Taiping Village is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Continued Table 2-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected)
Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring Monitoring point location Name Total Ammonia Cr date pH COD As Pb Cd Hg cr phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.18 7.49 7.1 0.03 0.028 ND ND ND ND ND Lijiawan Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.55 6.3 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.60 6.7 0.10 0.031 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yangchi ultra standard Village 7.58 8.0 0.05 0.029 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Group 1 7.61 8.0 0.04 0.025 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 7.63 7.0 0.05 0.029 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001 Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of Yanghuping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard Town 2016.1.18 7.49 10.8 0.09 0.448 0.0004 ND ND ND ND Yanghuxi Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.50 9.4 0.05 0.467 0.0004 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.51 7.7 0.04 0.450 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of Wujiaju 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard Village 7.82 13.0 0.04 0.169 0.0005 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00006 Group 8 7.86 11.0 0.05 0.182 0.0006 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00004 7.79 11.0 0.06 0.172 0.0005 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00003 Standard exceeding Assessment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
ultra standard 2015.12.26 7.48 5.6 0.05 0.146 ND ND ND ND ND Ferry of Yangchi Village, Yanghu 2015.12.27 7.47 6.4 0.04 0.148 ND ND ND ND ND Town 2015.12.28 7.43 6.3 0.04 0.155 ND ND ND ND ND Lishui Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Group 1 of Yangchi Village and Group 8 of Wujiaju is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 2.4.2 Investigation and assessment of current soil environment status
⑴ Distribution of monitoring points With the aim of investigating soil heavy metal content in the project area, the Agricultural Bureau of Yongding District entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor the soils in the project area. ⑵ Time of monitoring
December 26-28, 2015 and January 18-20, 2016 ⑶ Assessment standards Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ⑷ Assessment results According to the monitoring results, the farmland Cd contents in project areas of Yongding District exceed the standard values. The farmland Cd content in Luotaping
Township is 0.39—0.5mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.3—0.66. The farmland Cd content in Wentang Town is 0.27—0.48mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.23—0.6. The farmland Cd content in Houping Town is 0.32—0.50mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.06—0.66. The farmland Cd content in Fengxianggang is 0.28—0.55mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.03—0.83. The farmland Cd content in Yanghuping Town is 0.35—0.55mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.16—0.83. The farmland Cd content in Fengxianggang is 0.28—0.55mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.03—0.83. The farmland Cd content in Xixiping is 0.408—0.482mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.36—0.61. In accordance with this site monitoring result, the soil monitoring factor Pb, As, Cr and Hg of farmlands in each project area of Yongding District does not exceed the value required by the grade 2 standard in the Soil Environmental Quality Standard. 2.4.3 Investigation and assessment of current status of irrigation canal sediments
⑴ Investigation object
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Irrigation canal sediments in project areas of Yongding County ⑵ Assessment standards Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ⑶ Assessment results According to the monitoring results shown in Table 2-7, contents of irrigation canal sediments in all project areas of Yongding District exceed the standard values, in which, the time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of You’ai Group, Taiping Village, Luotaping Township is 0.93 and that of Hujia Group is 2.5. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Pushang Group, Wentang Village, Wentang Town is 0.4 and that of Wujiaping Group is 0.8. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 11, Guangyanju Village, Houping Town is 0.1; that of Group12 is 0.9; that of Group 7,
Wuxi Village is 0.06; that of Group 14 is 0.93; that of Group 4 of Bajiahe Village is 1.03; that of Group 10 is 1.7. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 5, Qingyutan Village, Fengxianggang Township is 0.76; that of Group 1 is 0.43; that of Group 3, Fengxianggang Village does not exceed standard and that of 10 is 0.26. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 3, Darongxi Village is 0.36; the time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 3, Dingjiarong Village does not exceed standard. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of
Group 1, Zhuangjiayu Village, Xixiping is 0.76 and that of Group 4 is 0.83. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Yangchi Village, Yanghuping Town does not exceed standard and that of Group 7 is 0.06. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 4, Wujiaju Village does not exceed standard and that of Group 9 is 0.73.
The monitoring factor Pb, As, Cr and Hg for the sediment in the irrigation channel of each project area in Yongding District does not exceed the value required
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan by the grade 2 standard in the Soil Environmental Quality Standard.
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Table 2-7 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals in Yongding Project Area Monitoring factor Cation Name of Detailed address of sampling Northern Eastern Effective Organic Pb Cd As Cr Hg pH exchange project area points (village and group) latitude longitude state Cd matter (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (dimensionless) capacity (mg/kg) (g/kg) (cmol/kg(+)) You’ai Group 29.1900 110.1272 16.9 0.58 5.43 43.2 0.170 5.61 0.25 30.12 9.83 Times of 0 0.93 0 0 0 / / / / Luotaping Taiping ultra standard Township Village Hujia Group 29.1932 110.1456 37.2 1.05 8.76 124.7 0.280 5.42 0.52 37.51 19.31 Times of 0 2.5 0 0 0 / / / / ultra standard Pushang 29.1528 110.5781 27.5 0.42 3.61 60.1 0.260 5.72 0.25 37.06 16.08 Group Times of 0 0.4 0 0 0 / / / / Wentang Wentang ultra standard Town Village Wujiaping 29.1669 110.2158 35.6 0.54 10.07 70.2 0.280 6.01 0.27 47.03 12.16 Group Times of 0 0.8 0 0 0 / / / / ultra standard Group 11 29.0847 110.3803 67.0 0.66 13.80 68.0 0.70 7.61 0.29 64.08 11.79 Times of 0 0.1 0 0 0 / / / / Houping Guangyanju ultra standard Town Village Group 12 29.0842 110.3833 30.1 0.57 6.74 62.5 0.280 7.15 0.31 48.31 12.38 Times of 0 0.9 0 0 0 / / / / ultra standard ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / Level-II standards stated in Environmental ≤300 ≤0.3 ≤25 ≤300 ≤0.5 6.5≤pH≤ 7.5 / / / quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ≤350 ≤0.6 ≤20 ≤350 ≤1.0 pH＞7.5
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Continued Table 2-7 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals in Yongding Project Area Monitoring factor Cation Name of project Detailed address of sampling Northern Eastern Effective Organic Pb Cd As Cr Hg pH exchange area points (village and group) latitude longitude state Cd matter (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (dimensionless) capacity (mg/kg) (g/kg) (cmol/kg(+)) Group 7 29.0881 110.3472 36.7 0.64 13.50 82.0 0.192 7.84 0.29 47.41 19.81 Times of ultra 0 0.06 0 0 0 / / / / standard Wuxi Village Group 14 29.0908 110.3439 31.9 0.58 9.87 78.3 0.210 7.14 0.21 37.92 17.62 Times of ultra 0 0.93 0 0 0 / / / / standard Houping Town Group 4 29.0772 110.3717 25.7 0.61 11.05 61.3 0.170 7.13 0.24 43.16 12.70 Times of ultra 0 1.03 0 0 0 / / / / standard Bajiahe Village Group10 29.0756 110.3751 47.2 0.81 16.20 69.4 0.270 7.05 0.37 51.23 13.67 Times of ultra 0 1.7 0 0 0 / / / / standard Group 5 29.1675 110.5324 24.8 0.53 6.75 45.2 0.190 7.21 0.23 47.52 13.61 Times of ultra 0 0.76 0 0 0 / / / / Qingyutan standard Fengxianggang Village Group 1 29.1781 110.5562 35.8 0.43 17.20 55.8 0.190 7.05 0.19 40.06 14.63 Township Times of ultra 0 0.43 0 0 0 / / / / standard Fengxianggang Group 3 29.1047 110.3942 29.4 0.41 8.85 64.0 0.332 7.92 0.15 34.96 12.17 Village Times of 0 0 0 0 0 / / / /
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
ultra standard Group 10 29.1972 110.6618 30.3 0.38 10.90 64.7 0.125 7.03 0.13 29.41 17.63 Times of ultra 0 0.26 0 0 0 / / / / standard ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / Level-II standards stated in Environmental ≤300 ≤0.3 ≤25 ≤300 ≤0.5 6.5≤pH≤ 7.5 / / / quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ≤350 ≤0.6 ≤20 ≤350 ≤1.0 pH＞7.5 Continued Table 2-7 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals in Yongding Project Area Monitoring factor Detailed address of Name of Organi Cation Northern Eastern pH Effective sampling points (village Pb As Cr Hg c exchange project area latitude longitude Cd (mg/kg) (dimensio state Cd and group) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) matter capacity nless) (mg/kg) (g/kg) (cmol/kg(+)) Group 3 29.1242 110.4063 25.8 0.41 5.10 47.7 0.147 6.82 0.1 31.24 16.41 Darongxi Times of Village ultra 0 0.36 0 0 0 0 / / / Fengxiangg standard ang Group 3 29.1319 110.4053 38.2 0.38 7.66 69.0 0.173 7.78 0.2 46.15 16.63 Township Dingjiarong Times of Village ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 / / / standard Group 1 29.1052 110.5203 38.4 0.53 20.50 72.5 0.216 7.21 0.2 41.30 17.59 Times of Zhuangjiay Xixiping ultra 0 0.76 0 0 0 0 / / / u Village standard Group 4 29.0992 110.5092 42.8 1.10 13.40 94.0 0.212 7.83 0.6 56.83 19.23
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Times of ultra 0 0.83 0 0 0 0 / / / standard Group 3 29.1755 110.6108 30.7 0.41 5.98 63.0 0.129 7.96 0.28 35.25 13.89 Times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 / / / Yangchi standard Village Group 7 29.1711 110.6068 21.5 0.64 8.27 53.6 0.131 7.51 0.27 30.43 14.62 Times of ultra 0 0.06 0 0 0 0 / / / Yanghuping standard Town Group 4 29.1522 110.5783 31.9 0.44 9.83 68.0 0.220 7.98 0.28 45.15 17.29 Times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 / / / Wujiaju standard Village Group 9 29.1511 110.5752 25.6 0.52 15.23 55.7 0.156 7.28 0.27 47.51 16.24 Times of ultra 0 0.73 0 0 0 0 / / / standard ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / Level-II standards stated in Environmental 6.5≤pH≤ ≤300 ≤0.3 ≤25 ≤300 ≤0.5 / / / quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) 7.5 ≤350 ≤0.6 ≤20 ≤350 ≤1.0 pH＞7.5
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2.5 Investigation of agricultural products
⑴ Investigation object 24 rice samples are collected from the project area in Yongding District. ⑵ Assessment standards National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012)
(Standard values: Pb: 0.2mg/kg; inorganic As: 0.2mg/kg; total Cr: 1.0mg/kg; Hg: 0.02mg/kg; Cd: 0.2mg/kg) ⑶ Monitoring results
① Rice risk level in Luotaping Township project area: extremely high (RⅤ); 1 point location with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for
50% of two points; 1 point locations with measured Cd content >0.6mg/kg (extremely high risk), accounting for 50% of two points.
② Rice risk level in Wentang Town project area: medium (RⅢ); 2 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 100% of two points.
③ Rice risk level in Houping Town project area: high (RIⅤ); 3 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 50% of 6 points; 3 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 50% of 6 points.
④ Rice risk level in Fengxianggang Township project area: medium (RⅢ); 4 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 66.6% of 6 points; 2 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 33.4% of 6 points.
⑤ Rice risk level in Xixiping project area: medium (RⅢ); 4 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 100% of
4points.
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⑥Rice risk level in Yanghuping Town project area: medium (RⅢ); 4 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for
100% of 4 points.
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Chapter 3 Selection of Project Area and Analysis of Alternative Scheme
3.1 Current situation of agricultural producing areas
3.1.1 Current situation of farmland pollution in Yongding District
166 point locations were collected in Yongding District for farmland soil monitoring and high frequent monitoring. As shown in Figure 3-1, most farmlands have heavy metal contamination risks of different degrees, with the main risk factor as Cd, followed by As and Hg.
Figure 3-1 Current Situation of Farmland Pollution in Yongding District
3.1.1.1 Current situation of farmland Cd pollution in Yongding District
According to the monitoring results, among all 166 point locations, the main scopes of soil Cd pollution concentration are 0.3-0.6mg/kg, accounting for 54.82%; the second common scope is≤0.3 mg/kg, accounting for18.07%; the third common scope is 0.6-0.9mg/kg, accounting for 15.06% and the last is ≥0.9mg/kg, accounting for 12.05%. Therefore, most farmland soil Cd 59 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
pollution risk in Yongding District is low; however, it’s necessary to take protection and control
measures, alleviate soil Cd pollution, and control OOS of agricultural products. Farmland Cd Pollution Status sees Table 3-1 and Figure 3-2.
Table 3-1 Farmland Cd Pollution in Yongding District Number of Scope of Cd No. point Proportion Distribution content locations
1 ≤0.3 mg/kg 30 18.07% Wentang Village、Fengxianggang Village etc.
Taiping Village, Wentang Village, Guangyanju Village, Wuxi 2 0.3-0.6mg/kg 91 54.82% Village, Bajiahe Village, Fengxianggang Township, Qingyutan Village, Yangchi Village, Wujiaju Village Taiping Village, Wuxi Village, Bajiahe Village, Wujiaju 3 0.6-0.9mg/kg 25 15.06% Village etc. 4 ≥0.9mg/kg 20 12.05% Taiping Village, Guangyanju Village etc. 5 Subtotal 166 100.00%
Figure 3-2 Current Situation of Farmland Cd Pollution in Yongding District
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
3.1.1.2 Current situation of farmland As pollution in Yongding District
According to the monitoring results, among all 166 point locations, the main scopes of soil As pollution concentration are <15mg/kg, accounting for 74.09%; the second common scope is 15-20mg/kg, accounting for 16.27%; the third common scope is 20-30mg/kg, accounting for 7.83%; the last is ≥30mg/kg, accounting for 1.81%. Therefore, there is basically no Cd pollution risk in Yongding District. Current status of farmland As pollution in Yongding District sees Table
3-2 and Figure 3-3.
Table 3-2 Farmland As Pollution in Yongding District
Number of Scope of As No. point Proportion Distribution content locations Major towns and townships, including Luotaping 1 ＜15 123 74.09% Township, Wentang Town, Yanghuping Town, Fengxianggang Township Bajiahe Village, Guangyanju Village, Qingyutan Village 2 15-20 27 16.27% etc. Zhuangjiayu Village, Yaojiajie Village, Changwan Village 3 20-30 13 7.83% etc. 4 ＞30 3 1.81% Yiwanshui Village etc. Subtotal 166
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Fig. 3-3 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Arsenic (As) Pollution of Soils in Yongding District
3.1.1.3 Current Situation of farmland Hg pollution in Yongding District
In accordance with the monitoring results, the number of points with soil mercury content
＜0.15mg/kg accounts for 59.04% of totally 166 points in the whole district; the number of points with mercury content within 0.15-0.3mg/kg accounts for 28.92%; the number of points with mercury content within 0.3-1.0mg/kg accounts for 11.44%; and the number of points with mercury content ≥30mg/kg accounts for 0.60%. It can be seen that the farmland soil in
Yongding District basically faces low risk of mercury pollution. The current situation about the mercury pollution of farmland soil in Yongding District is detailed in the Table 3-3 and Fig.3-4.
Table 3-3 Farmland Hg Pollution in Yongding District
Number Scope of Hg No. of point Proportion Distribution content locations 1 ＜0.15 98 59.04% Most towns and township, including Luotaping
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Township, Wentang Town, Houping Town, Fengxianggang Township Most towns and township, including Luotaping 2 0.15-0.3 48 28.92% Township, Wentang Town, Houping Town, Fengxianggang Township Wuxi Village, Fengxianggang Village, Yiwanshui Village, 3 0.3-1.0 19 11.44% Daping Town, Shuangxiqiao Township etc.
Fig. 3-4 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Mercury (Hg) Pollution of Soils in Yongding District
3.1.1.4 Current Situation of other heavy metals pollution
According to the monitoring results, there is no farmland Cr or Pb pollution in Yongding District, without pollution risk.
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3.1.2 Farmland pollution sources and treatment effects in Yongding District
1 Pollution sources
Yongding District is located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountains, and the parent material for soil formation is dominated by the limestone. There are many types of soils in Yongding District, and the main heavy metal contamination source of the cultivated land is the discharge of waste residues and waste water resulting from the historical industry and mining activities. Yongding District is abundant in mineral resources. Discharge of wastewater, waste residue and waste gas produced by smelting enterprises is the main factor influencing the regional environmental quality. Wastewater produced by some industrial enterprises is directly discharged to nearby rivers without treatment or standard treatment, and causes serious influence on the environment. Heavy metal slags left by closed smelting enterprises cause serious heavy metal contamination to farmland and water resources under the role of wind, rain and leaching, and constitute large threats to water quality and agricultural production. Main pollution sources of farmland in Yongding District: “three wastes” of historical smelting enterprises; pollution pathways: pollutants entering into irrigation water thus causing pollution.
1) Composition of industries involving the heavy metals: the enterprises involving heavy metal in Yongding District are mainly concentrated in the mining of iron and coal in the northwestern mountain area as well as the mining of nickel molybdenum along the Tianmen Mountain. The coal and iron mining enterprises in the northwestern mountain area have been closed in the last century, but the excessive mining climax of nickel molybdenum has successively occurred twice under the stimulation of increase of market price of nickel molybdenum. The “three wastes” discharged by the industrial & mining enterprises and scattered mining points in the history entered the Lishui river and surrounding farmland, leading to pollution of the Lishui river and surrounding farmland.
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Figure 3-5 Distribution of Pollution Sources related to heavy metal industry
2) Distribution of tailings dams/slag fields: there is no tailing dam in the county. Some waste residues lie in Qing’anping Township and along the Tianmen Mountain.
2. Analysis of pollution source
Yongding District implements the water quality monitoring of the drinking water source and Lishui River sections, and the monitoring points are respectively arranged on the
Chengtan section, Xinmatou section and Duziyan section. The rate of reaching the standard in the function zone of surface water monitoring section is 100%. In accordance with the data provided by the environmental protection bureau, the rate of reaching the standard of the monthly average air quality in Yongding District was higher than 81% in 2015.
According to related source analysis literature, existing research and monitoring data, as well as analysis of pollution sources in Yongding District, the proportion of industrial and mining activities is large among heavy metal contamination risks in the research area, and
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan there might be some other unknown important heavy metal contamination sources unlisted as the investigation objects.
In aspect of industrial sources, Yongding District has abundant mineral resources and developed mining industry, and the produced large number mine solid wastes will be comprehensively influenced by many factors such as the water, biology, temperature, pressure and human activities, etc due to long-term staying in the surface environment different from the underground environment during the depositing and landfilling. Tailings slags will move from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere through the mineral weathering and dissolution of its contained heavy metal, so as to recycle in a variety of ways in the whole sphere. Heavy metals in surrounding farmlands of mines drop into soil mainly through the immigration of slag heap leaching water and wind-blowing diffusion of fine particles of slags and lead to the migration and homogenization of heavy metals within a short distance under the comprehensive effect of rainwater and biology, etc in a long period, which lead to the excessive content of heavy metals in farmland soil and crops. Yongding District has closed most of the industrial and mining enterprises and realized the resource utilization and processing of part of slags, but there are still a part of slags which are locally stacked and lead to pollution of surrounding farmland soil and water body after wind blowing and raining.
In regard to agricultural source, calcium phosphate and phosphate powder with poor quality contain Cd, with the average content of 1.6mg/kg, and long-time application will definitely lead to Cd accumulation in farmland soils. In the previous 10-30 years, many
Cd-containing phosphate fertilizers were applied in Hunan Province, not to mention
Yongding District. No new heavy metal contamination will occur in agricultural source; thus, it can be neglected.
In regard to other pollution sources, soil acidification will lead to increase in Cd effectiveness. According to related research result, in an acid condition, the rice Cd content may also exceed the standard value in unpolluted soils; the water content management method also has certain influence on the rice Cd content.
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
According to the above analysis, the contribution of man-made pollution sources including industrial and agricultural production to heavy metal accumulation in soils of the research area is relatively obvious. Source contribution rates of pollution sources to heavy metal contamination of farmland: see Table 3-4.
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Table 3-4 Analysis of Pollution Sources in Yongding District Type of Specific Analysis of Monitoring results of pollution pollution Pollution pathway monitoring point pollution 2015 source source influence Mainly the historically applied Agricultural Agricultural phosphatic fertilizer; at present, the Certain Fertilizer source inputs nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium influence fertilizers are safe. Contaminate surface water and underground water by rain washing Contaminating and further pollutes the farmlands as Main Water source: the whole Industrial Solid wastes irrigation water an irrigation water source; Deposition Water source monitoring: pollution district implements water standard reaching rate of source of mine of heavy metals in water body source; large quality monitoring on the functional areas in pollutes the sediment. surface water monitoring influence Chengtan section, Atmospheric sections: 100%; Atmospheric dustfall Xinmatou water source and Atmospheric monitoring: dustfall Duziyan section Stand reaching rate of air Background Environmental effect of various ore quality monthly: 88%. Natural Certain Parent material values of heavy deposits increases the content of source influence metal heavy metals in soil. Soil Heavy metal contained by soil itself acidification Relatively Others Farmland small Increase in Cd efficiency and management absorption influence measure
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
3 Control of pollution sources 1) Treatment of industries involving heavy metals In recent years, Yongding District pays attention to build an ecological tourist city, so the enterprises and scattered mining points involving heavy metals have already been completely closed. Moreover, the Yongding District implements treatment of pending pollutions and sporadic waste residue of the closed enterprises, and the treatment methods include recycling or landfilling, soil covering and greening, etc. Treatment of tailing slags in the surrounding area of Tianmen Mountain has been listed into the heavy metal contamination prevention and treatment planning during the “the 12th five-year plan” period, and fund input will be continued for the untreated items in order to complete the proper treatment gradually year by year.
Table 3-5 Pollution Sources Involving Heavy Metal and Treatment Status
Scale Pollution Pollution Enterprise Product Completion Closing Location (10,000 Discharge treatment name Program time time tons/year) status status Coal mines Tianjiagang, Coal gangues operation by Wujiawan and have been used enterprises in Coal 5.5 Residue 1958 1998 Hujiapo as construction Qinganping Villages materials, etc Town Wujiatang and Tanmuxi Shentangping state-owned Village in Coal 5-7 Residue 1958 1998 In-situ stacking coal mine Qinganping
Town Damijie and Zhangjiapo Damijie iron Village in Iron ore 10-20 Residue 1958 2004 In-situ stacking mine Qinganping Town Qingyan Village Qingyan iron Slags have been in Luotaping Iron ore 0.2-1 Residue 1958 1960 mine treated Township
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Scale Pollution Pollution Enterprise Product Completion Closing Location (10,000 Discharge treatment name Program time time tons/year) status status Wangjiazhai, In-situ stacking Ganzixuan and Shuangxia Nickel Individual 0.5-1.5 Residue 2004 2008 Villages under molybdenum the Guanliping office Used as the construction Wangjiashan, materials and Zhuangjiayu Nickel raw materials of Individual and Liangcha 0.3-1.8 Residue 2004 2008 molybdenum cement plant, Villages under and treat Xixiping office properly year by year Tianmenxi, In-situ stacking Daping and Nickel Individual 0.2-1.2 Residue 2004 2008 Tangjia Villages molybdenum in Daping Town Xiaoping, In-situ stacking Sancha, Xingjiayu and Nickel Individual 0.3-1.5 Residue 2004 2008 Guojiaxi molybdenum Villages in Sancha Town Quanshui and In-situ stacking Tianping Nickel Individual 0.1-0.8 Residue 2004 2008 Villages in molybdenum Siduping Town
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Fig. 3-6 Treatment of Slags as the Pollution Source of Industries involving Heavy Metals
2）Treatment of surface water After the enterprises and sporadic mining points involving heavy metals are closed, the surface water quality basically meets the standard and complies with the Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard.
3.2 Comparison and selection of project area
3.2.1 Principles of project area selection
1. Principle of concentration Follow the principle of concentration, unified planning, reasonable layout and implementation of whole village (area), to obtain satisfactory scale benefits. Give appropriate priority to grain-producing areas.
2. Principle of clear and controllable pollution source Causes and pollutant sources of heavy metal contamination and other pollution in the
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan farmland soil should be clear; types and degrees of pollution should be correct; the main pollution source should be controllable or cutoff. 3. Principle of regional representativeness The main farmland type of the project area should be paddy field, the main pollution type heavy metal contamination, and the main heavy metal contamination Cd pollution. 4. Principle of typicality The project area should be typical, and the project implementation should have large investment benefits, influences, and demonstration effects. 5. Principle of sustainability It’s necessary to conduct infrastructure construction and adopt comprehensive agricultural measures in the project area, so as to alleviate heavy metal contamination, control agricultural non-point source pollution, increase yield and efficiency, and realize sustainable agricultural, economic and social development in the project area.
6. Principle of stability The local government should lay large emphasis on the project; the personnel allocation should be reasonable; the project units (farmers or enterprises) should be active.
3.2.2 Selection of project towns and townships
Yongding District covers an area of 2,174 square kilometers, with 9 towns, 12 townships and 6 street offices referred to Table 3-6 for details.
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Table 3-6 Selection of Project Towns and Townships
Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) The “three wastes” discharged by the industrial and mining Treat and close enterprises and sporadic gradually after 2008; mining points in their industrial and mining The government illegal mining of iron, enterprises were pays limited coal and nickel closed and forbidden attention to it, molybdenum in the to implement illegal and the public Chongwen 1 30.8 0.11% 623.2 0.43% Yes Cd history enter into the mining; treat the participation Office Lishui river and lead to historical pending willingness in pollution. Flood from waste slags, clean the the area is Lishui river during the water quality of general storm period and Lishui river and sewage irrigation of construct reservoir Lishui river during the for flood prevention. drought period lead to the soil pollution The government Nickel molybdenum pays limited Pollution of industrial mines have been attention to it, 2 Daping Town 461.33 1.63% 3974.13 2.71% Yes Cd and mining “three closed, and waste and the public wastes” slags are deposited in participation situ. willingness in
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) the area is general The government pays limited Sewage irrigation of The testing result of attention to it, Lishui river and alluvial Lishui river is clean, Dayongqiao and the public 3 70 0.25% 658.57 0.45% Yes Cd deposits resulting from and the flood control Office participation flooding in the history and regulation is willingness in cause the pollution controllable the area is general The government Sewage irrigation of The testing result of pays high Lishui river and alluvial Lishui river is clean, attention to it, Fengxianggang 4 775.73 2.74% 5766.39 3.93% Yes Cd deposits resulting from and the flood control and the public √ Township flooding in the history and regulation is participation cause the pollution controllable willingness in the area is high The government Tanmuxi state-owned pays limited Pollution of industrial coal mine and attention to it, and mining “three Guanliping Damijie iron mine and the public 5 287.13 1.01% 3376.94 2.30% Yes Cd wastes” and sewage Office have been closed, and participation irrigation of Lishui river waste slags have been willingness in in the history treated the area is general
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Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean Hezuoqiao surrounding area, and and the public 6 742.2 2.62% 5382.83 3.67% Yes Cd project has already Township the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general The government Sewage irrigation of The testing result of pays high Lishui river and alluvial Lishui river is clean, attention to it, 7 Houping Town 1085.8 3.83% 9897.95 6.75% Yes Cd deposits resulting from and the flood control and the public √ flooding in the history and regulation is participation cause the pollution controllable willingness in the area is high The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean surrounding area, and and the public 8 Jiaoziya Town 1133.33 4.00% 10504.77 7.17% No project has already the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general Luoshui There is no industrial Countryside clean The government 9 526.67 1.86% 5018.53 3.42% Yes Cd Township and mining enterprise in project has already pays limited
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) surrounding area, and been implemented attention to it, the input of agricultural and the public products leads to the participation pollution willingness in the area is general Taiping Village is The government located in the southeast pays high of Qingyan Village, and Iron ore has been attention to it, Luotaping the waste water & slags closed, and waste 10 544.67 1.92% 5363.21 3.66% Yes Cd and the public √ Township and sewage irrigation slags have been participation resulting from industrial treated willingness in and mining enterprises the area is high lead to the pollution The government pays limited Sewage irrigation of The testing result of attention to it, Lishui river and alluvial Lishui river is clean, Nanzhuangping and the public 11 141.67 0.50% 770.99 0.53% Yes Cd deposits resulting from and the flood control Office participation flooding in the history and regulation is willingness in cause the pollution controllable the area is general The government Qiaotou No measures is taken 12 685.4 2.42% 5896.16 4.02% Yes pays limited Township temporarily attention to it,
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) and the public participation willingness in the area is general The government Tanmuxi state-owned pays limited coal mine and attention to it, Pollution of industrial Qing’anping Damijie iron mine and the public 13 409.93 1.45% 6182.39 4.22% Yes Cd and mining “three Township have been closed, and participation wastes” waste slags were willingness in deposited in situ the area is general The government pays limited Nickel molybdenum attention to it, Pollution of industrial mines have been Sancha and the public 14 437 1.54% 4483.61 3.06% Yes Cd and mining “three closed, and waste Township participation wastes” slags are deposited in willingness in situ. the area is general There is no industrial The government Counryside clean Sanjiaguan and mining enterprise in pays limited 15 720 2.54% 8891.8 6.07% Yes Cd project has already Township surrounding area, and attention to it, been implemented the input of agricultural and the public
77 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) products leads to the participation pollution willingness in the area is general The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean surrounding area, and and the public 16 Shadi Township 780.67 2.76% 3777.86 2.58% Yes Cd project has already the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean Shuangxiqiao surrounding area, and and the public 17 376.93 1.33% 2953.53 2.02% Yes Cd project has already Township the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general Nickel molybdenum The government Pollution of industrial mines have been pays limited Siduping 18 699.87 2.47% 5097.56 3.48% Yes Cd and mining “three closed, and waste attention to it, Township wastes” slags are deposited in and the public situ. participation
78 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) willingness in the area is general The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean Wangjiaping surrounding area, and and the public 19 1179.27 4.16% 7856.07 5.36% Yes Cd project has already Town the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general The testing result of The government Sewage irrigation of Lishui river is clean, pays high Lishui river and alluvial sediment has been attention to it, 20 Wentang Town 245 0.86% 3161.07 2.16% Yes Cd deposits resulting from removed, and the and the public √ flooding in the history flood control and participation cause the pollution regulation is willingness in controllable the area is high Government has The government forbidden the pays high Pollution of industrial individual mining; attention to it, XixipingStreet 21 816.87 2.88% 7141.31 4.87% Yes Cd and mining “three part of waste slags and the public √ Office wastes” have been treated, the participation remaining slags will willingness in be continuously used the area is high
79 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) as the raw material for the cement plant, and the treatment will be properly implemented year by year The government pays limited attention to it, Xiejiaya the pollution source is No measures is taken and the public 22 711.67 2.51% 6661.85 4.55% Yes Cd Township not clear temporarily participation willingness in the area is general The government pays limited attention to it, the pollution source is No measures is taken and the public 23 Xinqiao Town 661.47 2.34% 6099.03 4.16% Yes Cd not clear temporarily participation willingness in the area is general Sewage irrigation of The testing result of The government Yanghuping 24 885.6 3.13% 6264.31 4.27% Yes Cd Lishui river and alluvial Lishui river is clean, pays high √ Town deposits resulting from and the flood control attention to it,
80 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) flooding in the history and regulation is and the public cause the pollution controllable participation willingness in the area is high The government pays limited attention to it, The pollution source is No measures is taken and the public 25 Yinjiaxi Town 1333.13 4.71% 12256.51 8.36% No not clear temporarily participation willingness in the area is general The government The testing result of pays limited Sewage irrigation of Lishui river is clean, attention to it, Lishui river and alluvial sediment has been Yongding and the public 26 0.67 0.00% 0.29 0.000% Yes Cd deposits resulting from removed, and the Office participation flooding in the history flood control and willingness in cause the pollution regulation is the area is controllable general There is no industrial The government and mining enterprise in pays limited Yuanguping The pollution source 27 1077.8 3.80%16964 8492.14 5.79% Yes Cd surrounding area, and attention to it, Town is uncontrollable the pollution source is and the public not clear participation
81 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal
Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. in total in total of pollution source governments, and townships Rice sources selected Area farmland Rice farmland pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) willingness in the area is general The project areas are selected mainly by considering the pollution sources resulting from the industrial and mining enterprises, and the three major areas with clear pollution sources are as follows: industrial and mining area in the northwest, mainly including the Qinganping Town and Luotaping Township; sewage irrigation area along the line of Lishui river, mainly involving the Wentang Town, Houping Town, Fengxianggang Township, Dayongqiao office, Nanzhuangping office, Guanliping office, Chongwen office and Yanghuping Town; the industrial and mining area in Tianmen mountain, mainly involving the Xixiping office, Sancha Town, Daping Town and Siduping Town. Select the three major areas, and set the selection evaluation index according to the selection principle of project areas. These evaluation indexes include the farmland area, grain output, pollution status of the cultivated land, pollution source and path, and current management status of pollution source. Through the evaluation and selection, finally select the following towns completely meeting the condition as the project towns: Fengxianggang Township, Houping Town, Luotaping Township, Wentang town, Xixiping sub-district office and Yanghuping Town.
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Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
3.3 Selection and distribution of project area
In accordance with the project feasibility study report, in view of the investment limit and taking account of the positivity of participators, select the polluted cultivation land from the representative Villages from the project towns after field investigation of the project towns according to the diversity of factors such as the PH value, pollution type and degree, organic content, etc, and implement demonstration and exploration of comprehensive management of the polluted cultivation land in the whole district. Analysis of project area selection: see Table 3-7.
83 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Table 3-7 Analysis of Project Site Selection Name and analysis of project areas Fengxianggang Main factors to be considered Luotaping Township Wentang Town Houping Town Yanghuping Town Township project Xixiping project area project area project area project area project area area Qingyutan Village, Select project Wuxi Village, Bajiahe, Fengxianggang, Wujiaju Village、 Taiping Village Wentang Village Zhuangjiayu villages Guangyanju Darongxi, Dingjiarong Yangchi Village Village Area, hectare 51 125.1 331.8 268.06 86.6 144.70
Regional Concentrated 36 108.6 272.08 222.50 53.2 123.01 representativenes area, hectare s Type of main Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field farmland If it is a main Grain yield per mu: Grain yield per mu:604 Grain yield per Grain yield per Grain yield per mu:432 Grain yield per mu:621 grain-producin 405 tons/year tons/year mu:1627 tons/year mu:1008 tons/year tons/year tons/year g area Clear: Pollution of Clear: Pollution of Clear: Pollution of Clear: Pollution of Lishui river in the Lishui river in the Lishui river in the Lishui river in the Clear: waste slags, Clear: waste slags, history, flood from history, flood from history, flood from history, flood from If cause of mineral waste residues mineral waste residues Lishui river during the Lishui river during the Lishui river during the Lishui river during the heavy metal and waste water and waste water storm period and storm period and storm period and storm period and contamination resulting from nickel resulting from iron sewage irrigation of sewage irrigation of sewage irrigation of sewage irrigation of is clear molybdenum mining mining pollute the soil Lishui river during the Lishui river during the Lishui river during the Lishui river during the pollute the soil Clear and drought period lead to drought period lead to drought period lead to drought period lead to controllable the soil pollution the soil pollution the soil pollution the soil pollution pollution source If main Industrial and mining Industrial and mining Industrial and mining Government has Industrial and mining pollution Iron mine has been enterprises were closed enterprises were closed enterprises were closed forbidden the mining enterprises were closed source is closed in 1960, waste and forbidden to and forbidden to and forbidden to of nickel molybdenum; and forbidden to controllable or slags have been treated implement illegal implement illegal implement illegal treatment of waste implement illegal causes new and the pollution mining; treat the mining; treat the mining; treat the slags has been listed mining; treat the pollution to source was historical pending historical pending historical pending into the heavy metal historical pending downstream controllable waste slags, clean the waste slags, clean the waste slags, clean the prevention and waste slags, clean the farmland water quality of Lishui water quality of Lishui water quality of Lishui treatment planning of water quality of Lishui
84 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Name and analysis of project areas Fengxianggang Main factors to be considered Luotaping Township Wentang Town Houping Town Yanghuping Town Township project Xixiping project area project area project area project area project area area river and construct river and construct river and construct the “12th Five Year river and construct reservoir for flood reservoir for flood reservoir for flood Plan; part of waste reservoir for flood prevention. The prevention. The prevention. The slags have been prevention. The pollution source was pollution source was pollution source was treated, the remaining pollution source was controllable controllable controllable slags will be controllable continuously used as the raw material for the cement plant, and the treatment will be properly implemented year by year In case of tailings pond, No No No No No No if there is leakage Yanghuxi Reservoir Dayuwan Reservoir Tudiyu Reservoir and Water quality Shuangfengyan Yaowan Reservoir as Zhangjiaxi Reservoir and Gongjiayu and mountain spring as mountain spring as conditions of Reservoir as irrigation irrigation water. Water as irrigation water. Reservoir as irrigation irrigation water. Water irrigation water. Water irrigation water. Water quality of quality of irrigation Water quality of water. quality of irrigation quality of irrigation water irrigation water water reaches irrigation water Water quality of water reaches water reaches (including reaches standards; standards; reaches standards; irrigation water standards; standards; upstream Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of reaches standards; irrigation water irrigation water Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of irrigation water sediment) Upstream sediment of reaches standards. reaches standards. irrigation water irrigation water reaches standards. reaches standards. reaches standards. irrigation water reaches standards. Scope of pH Type of heavy 5.36-5.67 5.22-5.62 5.49-6.49 5.07-6.92 5.8-7.6 5.94-7.1 value metal Cd pollution: Cd pollution: Cd pollution: Cd pollution: Cd pollution: Cd pollution: contamination Contents of 0.15~1.26 0.20~0.48 0.32-1.13 0.27-0.55 0.375-0.553 0.35-0.63
85 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Name and analysis of project areas Fengxianggang Main factors to be considered Luotaping Township Wentang Town Houping Town Yanghuping Town Township project Xixiping project area project area project area project area project area area main heavy metal contamination factors (mg/kg) Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Content of content:0.43-0.67mg/k content:0.29-0.32mg/k content:0.35-0.43mg/k content:0.29-0.42mg/k content:0.32-0.32mg/k content:0.29-0.38mg/k g; contents of Pb, As, g; contents of Pb, As, g; contents of Pb, As, g; contents of Pb, As, g; contents of Pb, As, g; contents of Pb, As, heavy metal in Cr and Hg do not Cr and Hg do not Cr and Hg do not Cr and Hg do not Cr and Hg do not Cr and Hg do not rice (mg/kg) exceed the standard exceed the standard exceed the standard exceed the standard exceed the standard exceed the standard values. values. values. values. values. values. If it is included in related local No No No No No No planning If local soil heavy metal contamination No No No No No No Emphasis and treatment is participation conducted willingness If farmers or agricultural cooperatives Very active Very active Very active Very active Very active Very active are active to participate in the project Rate of no Infrastructure 60% 30% 22% 12% 31% 55% infrastructure
86 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Name and analysis of project areas Fengxianggang Main factors to be considered Luotaping Township Wentang Town Houping Town Yanghuping Town Township project Xixiping project area project area project area project area project area area and construction and mismatching investment Total investment amount of all 845 690 1600 1020 460 1050 project areas ( RMB 10,000 yuan) Investment per hectare (RMB 14.08 8.21 7.07 7.28 7.6 11.6 10,000 yuan) Infrastructure It is included and construction in the project Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes investment area
87 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Chapter 4 Project Content
4.1 Project area overview
(1) Luotaping Township Project Area
Luotaping Township is located in the northwest of Yongding District with many mountains and few land, and the project area is 51 hectares. In the 8 testing points in the project area, the number of points with soil cadmium content ＜0.3 mg/kg,
0.3~0.6mg/kg, 0.6~0.9mg/kg and >0.9 mg/kg is respectively 1, 3, 3 and 2, so its pollution grade belongs to the extremely high risk. The two rice samples in the project area have the risk of heavy metal contamination, and the risk factor is cadmium.
The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Shuangfengyan Reservoir, 60 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility, and many rainfed paddy fields. The irrigation problem should be given the most priority and next is drainage.
Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly influenced by the
Qingyan iron mine in Luotaping Township. Qingyan iron mine was mined during
1958-1960, with the mining scale of 2000-10000 t/year. Stacking of mineral waste residues from the mining of iron mine and acid waste water resulting from the acid dissolution of the mine are carried into water environment through the water drainage of mine and rainfall or directly enter the surrounding soil, leading to the heavy metal contamination of soil in surrounding area and the lower reaches. Taiping Village is located in the southeast of the Qingyan iron mine, and the original irrigation water source is from the mountain spring water in Qingyan Village. This spring water is polluted by the residual mineral slags of Qingyan iron mine, so it leads to the heavy metal contamination of soil in this project area. After field investigation, it is found that the mineral slags in historical mining yard have been removed, so it basically will not lead to new heavy metal contamination to the downstream farmland. Moreover,
88 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan the irrigation water source for this project has been changed to Shuangfengyan reservoir.
(2) Wentang Town Project Area
Wentang Town is located in the northwest of Yongding District and most of it is covered by hills. It has rich water resources and abundant coal and iron resources. It consists of 6 Villages and 1 neighborhood committee, and the project area is 125.1 hectares. In the 8 soil testing points in the project area, the number of points with soil cadmium content ＜0.3mg/kg and 0.3~0.6mg/kg is respectively 4 and 4, so its pollution grade belongs to the medium risk. Two rice testing samples in the project area are located in the Pushang group and Wujiaping group of Wentang Village, and the cadmium content test result is 0.32mg/kg and 0.29mg/kg, so its pollution grade belongs to the medium risk.
Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Yaowan Reservoir. The incompatible farmland infrastructure facility rate remains at 30%. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal constructed in the collectivization age in the 1970s, and these canals have a low standard. The irrigation problem should be given the most priority.
Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly due to the mining and smelting activities in the surroundings and upper reaches of the Lishui river in the history, and the waste slag and waste water, etc are discharged in the river. Wentang
Village is adjacent to the banks of Lishui river, so the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui river and sewage irrigation by using the
Lishui river water. At present, the industrial and mining enterprises at the upper reaches of Lishui river have been closed, and the historical residual waste slags have been basically treated. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper
89 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan reaches of Lishui River have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area.
（3）Houping Town Project Area
Houping Town is located in the west of Yongding District and on the south bank of Lishui river. It consists of 14 administrative Villages, 4 neighborhood committees and 176 Village (neighborhood) groups, with a project area of 331.8 hectares. In the
23 testing points in the project area, the number of points with cadmium content of
0.3~0.6mg/kg, 0.6~0.9mg/kg and ＞0.9mg/kg is respectively 12, 6 and 5, so the pollution grade belongs to the low risk. The 6 rice samples in the project area of
Houping Town have the heavy metal contamination risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. The cadmium content is higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg.
The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Dayuwan Reservoir and mountain spring, and 22 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility and no facility rate. Drainage should be improved.
Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly due to the mining and smelting activities in the surroundings and upper reaches of the Lishui river in the history, and the waste slag and waste water, etc are discharged in the river. Wentang
Village is adjacent to the banks of Lishui river, so the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui river and sewage irrigation by using the
Lishui river water. At present, the industrial and mining enterprises at the upper reaches of Lishui river have been closed, and the historical residual waste slags have been basically treated. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper reaches of Lishui River have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area.
（4）Fengxianggang Township Project Area
Fengxianggang Township is located on the north bank of Lishui River in the west
90 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan of Yongding District of Zhangjiajie city, and it consists of 11 Villages and 2 neighborhood committees, with the project area of 268.06 hectares. In the 14 soil cadmium testing points in the project area, the number of points with the cadmium content ＜0.3/kg and .3~0.6mg/kg is respectively 2 and 12, so the pollution grade belongs to the low risk. The 6 rice samples in the project area of Houping Town have the heavy metal contamination risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. The cadmium content is higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg.
The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Tudiyu Reservoir and mountain spring, and 12 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility and no facility rate. Drainage should be improved.
Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly due to the mining and smelting activities in the surroundings and upper reaches of the Lishui river in the history, and the waste slag and waste water, etc are discharged in the river. Wentang
Village is adjacent to the banks of Lishui river, so the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui river and sewage irrigation by using the
Lishui river water. At present, the industrial and mining enterprises at the upper reaches of Lishui River have been closed, and the historical residual waste slags have been basically treated. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper reaches of Lishui River have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area.
（5）Yanghuping Town Project Area
Yanghuping Town is located in the northeast of Yongding District and relies on the Lishui river. It consists of 19 Villages and 3 neighborhood committees, with the project area of 144.7 hectares. In the 11 soil cadmium testing points in the project area, the cadmium content in soil is mainly concentrated within 0.3~0.6mg/kg, so the pollution grade belongs to the low risk. The 4 rice samples in the project area of
91 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Houping Town have the heavy metal contamination risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. The cadmium content is higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg.
The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Yangxihu Reservoir and Gongjiauyu Reservoir, and 55 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility and no facility rate. Drainage should be improved.
Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly due to the mining and smelting activities in the surroundings and upper reaches of the Lishui river in the history, and the waste slag and waste water, etc are discharged in the river. Wentang
Village is adjacent to the banks of Lishui river, so the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui river and sewage irrigation by using the
Lishui river water. At present, the industrial and mining enterprises at the upper reaches of Lishui River have been closed, and the historical residual waste slags have been basically treated. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper reaches of Lishui River have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area.
（6）Xixiping Project Area
Xixiping sub-district office is located at the east gate of Yongding District and relies on the Tianmen mountain in the south and Lishui river in the north. It consists of 7 communities and 19 mountain Villages, with project area of 86.6 hectares. In the
11 soil cadmium testing points in the project area, the cadmium content in soil is mainly concentrated within 0.3~0.6mg/kg, so the pollution grade is low. The test results of 4 rice testing samples in the project area higher than the national standard
0.2mg/kg.
The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Zhangjiaxi Reservoir, 31 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility, and many rainfed paddy fields. The irrigation problem should be given the most
92 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan priority and next is drainage.
Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly influenced by the local illegal individual mining of nickel molybdenum mines. The mining period is within
2004-2008, and the mining scale is 3000-18000 t/year. The government of Yongding
District forced to stop the mining activities in 2008. At that time, mineral residues are retained in dozens of places in the mining area, and the total amount is up to 46000 tons according to the statistical data of the environmental protection bureau. After that, the government of Yongding District offered the dedicated funds to implement the cleaning project against the residual waste slags and realized proper treatment and transportation of nickel molybdenum ores through outsourcing. After field visit and verification by the environmental protection bureau of Yongding District, 80% of the residual waste slags of nickel molybdenum mines have been treated up to now, and the clearing and transportation of the remaining slags is under progress.
4.2 Project objectives
4.2.1 Overall objective
Through the analysis on valid data of Yongding District’s rice, endogenous and exogenous agriculture and agricultural production management etc. and in combination with the reality of the project area, the soil pollution risk evaluation, the farmland pollution source risk evaluation and the agricultural management risk evaluation are conducted. The corresponding risk management measures are put forward according to different risk model composition. Finally, it is decided to adopt the integrated management mechanism of risk control to control the farmland risk of the project county to achieve the safety production of qualified agricultural products. 4.2.2 Specific objectives
1. Based on the scientific pollution analysis method and the valid data of rice, endogenous and exogenous agriculture and agricultural production management etc.,
93 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan classify the farmland pollution risks of the whole district scientifically, draw the farmland pollution risk map of the whole county and work out land management tools focusing on risk control to provide references for the project implementation and scientific decision-making. 2. Based on the analysis result of farmland pollution, identify the cause of pollution in the project area and establish the agricultural environment supervision system, the corporate emission supervision system and other supervision systems accordingly to strengthen the risk management and control on farmland pollution sources and farmland pollution. By 2022, the total cadmium content of uncontaminated farmland soil won’t increase; the total cadmium content of contaminated farmland soil decreases gradually; the available cadmium content of soil will be decreased by over 50% and the supervision coverage of the agricultural environment and corporate emission in the project area will reach 100%.
3. On the premise of safe production of agricultural products, carry out scientific and reasonable plantation structure adjustment in the project area, develop corresponding pollution restoration measures and improve the safe utilization of agricultural resources; through training, promotion and other methods, improve the management of the project management departments and finally establish a security system for safe production of agricultural products. By 2022, the rate of reaching the standard of cadmium content of polluted rice will be over 90% and the rate of reaching the standard of other agricultural products will be over 90%. 4. Targeting at the sustainable development and utilization of the project and the farmland management financing based on risk control, form a sustainable financing pattern and work out an action plan for agricultural management and development based on risk control in Hunan Province and the project counties.
94 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
4.3 Construction content of the project
According to the feasibility study report on the project, the technical summary for the risk model and management & control measures in the project area is shown in Table 4-1.
95 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Table 4-1 Risk Model and Management & Control Measures for the Comprehensive Pollution Management Project of Farmlands in Yongding District ﹛R-cadmium content of rice, S-Agricultural interior source (W-irrigation water, D- atmospheric deposition, F-fertilizer, C-straw), O-Agricultural exterior source, M-production management﹜ Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) Production management (M)
Rice Organic Irrigation Fertilizer Cultivation Project name Village name Soil Atmospheric Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure (R) pH matter SCd water Straw Variety and texture sedimentation
(mg/kg) (mg/L) management 1. The rice cadmium 1. Change to plant grape, interplant herbage pollution is at the extremely for purpose of covering, use herbage to high risk. control the migration of heavy metals in soil 2. The soil cadmium and remove or repair gradually through the Luotaping Rongyou 309, RⅤ SⅤ O （W pollution is at the extremely Sandy cultivation utilization; Township Taiping Village 0.55 5.52±0.22 17.76-33.33 0.85 ＜0.0005 No Safe 2.75 Jianliangyou 0.65 51 ⅠD1F1CⅤ ） M high risk. loam 2. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal Project area Huazhan Ⅱ 3. The rice straw cadmium contamination monitoring and control. pollution is over standard. Prevent high-risk agricultural inputs and 4 Except soil risks, the rice others from coming into farmland. may have variety risks or 3. Keep crop straws away from farmland. management risks. 1. The rice cadmium 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution is in the medium contamination monitoring and control, risk. mainly focusing on rice and soil. 2. The soil cadmium 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime Rongyou pollution is at the medium 2250kg kg/hectare/year. Wentang Town Wentang Light RⅢ SⅢO（WⅠ 0.31 5.55±0.10 31.29-33.67 0.54 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.55 Huazhan,Tianyou 0.57 125.1 risk. 3 3. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer Project area Village loam D1F1CⅢ） MⅡ Huazhan Except soil risks, the rice may 1500kg/hectare; have variety risks or 4. Optimize the field water management; management risks. 5. Management and control of rice 4. The rice straw cadmium exceeding the standard; 6. Removal of pollution is over standard. straw from the field. 1. The rice cadmium 1. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution is at the medium contamination monitoring and control, risk; mainly focusing on rice and soil. 2. The soil cadmium 2. Optimize the field water management; pollution is at the extremely 3. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer Houping Town Light Chuanyou 5108, RⅢ SⅤO（WⅠ Wuxi Village 0.39 6.45 28.35-36.7 0.7 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.95 0.56 96.93 high risk. 3 3000kg/hectare; Project area loam Ruiyou 3399 D1F1CⅢ） MⅡ Except soil risks, the rice may 4. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime have variety risks or 2250kg kg/hectare/year. management risks. 5. Management and control of rice 4. The rice straw cadmium exceeding the standard; 6. Removal of pollution is over standard. straw from the field.
96 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) Production management (M)
Rice Organic Irrigation Fertilizer Cultivation Project name Village name Soil Atmospheric Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure (R) pH matter SCd water Straw Variety and texture sedimentation
(mg/kg) (mg/L) management 1. The rice cadmium 1. Change to plant grape (15 hectares) and pollution is at the high risk. vegetables, interplant herbage for purpose 2. The soil cadmium of covering, use herbage to control the pollution is at the extremely migration of heavy metals in soil and
Light RⅣ SⅤO（WⅠ high risk. remove or repair gradually through the 0.43 5.49 28.35-36.7 0.60 ＜0.0005 No Safe 2.15 0.72 49.57 loam D1F1CⅣ） MⅡ 3. The rice straw cadmium cultivation utilization; pollution is over standard. 2 . Strengthen the farmland heavy metal 4 Except soil risks, the rice contamination monitoring and control. may have variety risks or Prevent high-risk agricultural inputs and management risks. others from coming into farmland. 1. The rice cadmium 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution is in the medium contamination monitoring and control, risk. mainly focusing on rice and soil. 2. The soil cadmium 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime pollution is at the medium 2250kg kg/hectare/year. Light RⅢ SⅢO（WⅠ 0.37 5.78 30.06-50.45 0.52 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.85 0.71 48.4 risk. 3 3 Apply the commercial organic fertilizer loam D1F1CⅢ） MⅡ Except soil risks, the rice may 1500kg/hectare; have variety risks or 4. Optimize the field water management; management risks. 5. Management and control of rice Bajiahe Village 4. The rice straw cadmium exceeding the standard; 6. Removal of pollution is over standard. straw from the field. 1. The rice cadmium 1. Replant vegetable; pollution is at the high risk. 2. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal 2. The soil cadmium Light RⅣ SⅤO（WⅠ contamination monitoring and control. 0.41 5.99 29.06-50.45 0.76 ＜0.0005 No Safe 2.05 0.54 43.2 pollution is at the extremely loam D1F1CⅣ） MⅡ Prevent high-risk agricultural inputs and high risk. others from coming into farmland. 3. The rice straw cadmium 3. Keep crop straws away from farmland. pollution is over standard. 1. The rice cadmium 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution is in the medium contamination monitoring and control, risk. mainly focusing on rice and soil. 2. The soil cadmium 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime Guangyanju Light RⅢ SⅣO（WⅠ 0.35 5.98 28.01-51.56 0.51 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.75 0.69 51.74 pollution is at the high risk. 2250kg kg/hectare/year. Village loam D1F1CⅢ） MⅡ 3 Except soil risks, the rice 3. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer may have variety risks or 3,000kg/hectare/year. management risks. 4. Optimize the field water management, 4. The rice straw cadmium and guarantee cleanness of irrigation water
97 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) Production management (M)
Rice Organic Irrigation Fertilizer Cultivation Project name Village name Soil Atmospheric Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure (R) pH matter SCd water Straw Variety and texture sedimentation
(mg/kg) (mg/L) management pollution is over standard. source; Guarantee that the irrigation water level is within 3-5cm in 3 weeks from the rice booting to the grain filling period. 5. Control of over standard rice. 6. Keep crop straws away from farmland.
1. The rice cadmium pollution is at the high risk. 2. The soil cadmium 1. Replant vegetable; pollution is at the extremely 2. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal
Light RⅣ SⅤO（WⅠ high risk. contamination monitoring and control. 0.43 6.43 30.01-51.56 1.07 ＜0.0005 No Safe 2.15 0.40 41.96 loam D1F1CⅣ） MⅡ 3. The rice straw cadmium Prevent high-risk agricultural inputs and pollution is over standard. others from coming into farmland. 4 Except soil risks, the rice 3. Keep crop straws away from farmland. may have variety risks or management risks. 1. The rice cadmium 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution is in the medium contamination monitoring and control, risk. mainly focusing on rice and soil. 2. The soil cadmium pollution 2. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer
Qingyutan Heavy RⅢ SⅠO（WⅠ has no risk. 3,000kg/hectare/year. 0.36 6.92 27.10-45.63 0.40 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.8 0.90 89.96 Village loam D1F1CⅢ） MⅡ 3 Except soil risks, the rice 3. Optimize the field water management; may have variety risks or 4. Strengthen the management and control management risks. of the high-accumulation rice varieties. Fengxianggang Wuyou 308, 4. The rice straw cadmium 5. Control of over standard rice. Project area Hengfengyou 758 pollution is over standard. 6. Keep crop straws away from farmland. 1. The rice cadmium 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution is at the low risk. contamination monitoring and control, 2. The soil cadmium pollution mainly focusing on rice and soil. RⅡS1O Fengxianggang Heavy has no risk. 2. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer 0.28 6.03±0.64 27.69-40.32 0.38 0.104-0.192 No Safe 1.4 0.74 52.6 （W1D1F1C Village loam 3. Except soil risks, the rice 3,000kg/hectare/year. Ⅱ） MⅡ may have sedimentation 3. Soil acidification treatment. Apply risks, variety risks or alkaline fertilizer 600kg/hectare/quarter. management risks. 4. Control of over standard rice.
98 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) Production management (M)
Rice Organic Irrigation Fertilizer Cultivation Project name Village name Soil Atmospheric Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure (R) pH matter SCd water Straw Variety and texture sedimentation
(mg/kg) (mg/L) management 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal contamination monitoring and control, 1. The rice cadmium mainly focusing on rice and soil. pollution is at the high risk. 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime 2. The soil cadmium 2250kg kg/hectare/year. pollution is at the medium 3. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer RⅣSⅢO Heavy risk. 3,000kg/hectare/year. 0.42 6.05 27.69-40.32 0.55 ＜0.0005 No Safe 2.1 0.76 19.5 （W1D1F1CⅣ） loam 3. The rice straw cadmium 4. Optimize the field water management, MⅡ pollution is over standard. and guarantee cleanness of irrigation water 4 Except soil risks, the rice source; Guarantee that the irrigation water may have variety risks or level is within 3-5cm in 3 weeks from the management risks. rice booting to the grain filling period. 5. Control of over standard rice. 6. Keep crop straws away from farmland. 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal 1. The soil cadmium pollution contamination monitoring and control, is at the low risk. mainly focusing on rice and soil. 2. The soil cadmium pollution Darongxi Sandy RⅡSⅡO（WⅠ 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply 0.29 5.55 20.24-37.06 0.42 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.45 0.69 95 is at the low risk. Village loam D1F1CⅡ） MⅡ alkaline fertilizer 600kg/hectare/quarter. 3 Except soil risks, the rice 3. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer may have variety risks or 3,000kg/hectare/year. management risks. 4. Control of over standard rice. 1. Change to plant grape, interplant herbage 1. The rice cadmium for purpose of covering, use herbage to pollution is at the high risk. control the migration of heavy metals in soil 2. The soil cadmium and remove or repair gradually through the pollution is at the high risk. Dingjiarong Light RⅣ SⅣO（WⅠ cultivation utilization; 0.41 6.04 30.05-39.21 0.62 ＜0.0005 No Safe 2.05 0.66 11 3. The rice straw cadmium Village loam D1F1CⅣ） MⅡ 2. Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution is over standard. contamination monitoring and control. 4 Except soil risks, the rice Prevent high-risk agricultural inputs and may have variety risks or others from coming into farmland. management risks. 3. Keep crop straws away from farmland. 1. The rice cadmium 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution is in the medium contamination monitoring and control, Xixiping Zhuangjiayu Light Tianyou 3301, RⅢ SⅡO（WⅠ 0.36 6.3±0.14 26.12-35.70 0.47 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.8 0.77 86.6 risk. mainly focusing on rice and soil. Project area Village loam Ruiyou 3399 D1F1CⅢ） MⅡ 2. The soil cadmium and As 2. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer pollution are at the low risk. 4.500kg/hectare/year.
99 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Endogenous farmland (S) Exogenous farmland (O) Production management (M)
Rice Organic Irrigation Fertilizer Cultivation Project name Village name Soil Atmospheric Scale Risk type Risk analysis Counter-measure (R) pH matter SCd water Straw Variety and texture sedimentation
(mg/kg) (mg/L) management 3 Except soil risks, the rice 3. Cadmium and arsenic synchronous may have variety risks or passivator 1500kg/hectare/season. management risks. 4. Control of over standard rice. 5. Keep crop straws away from farmland.
1. The rice cadmium pollution is in the medium 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal risk. contamination monitoring and control, 2. The soil cadmium mainly focusing on rice and soil.
Light RⅢ SⅡO（WⅠ pollution is at the low risk. 2. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer Wujiaju Village 0.35 6.74±0.08 30.08-55.33 0.56 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.75 0.63 87.6 loam D1F1CⅢ） MⅡ 3 Except soil risks, the rice 3,000kg/hectare/year. may have variety risks or 3. Optimize the field water management; management risks. 4. Control of over standard rice. 4. The rice straw cadmium 5. Keep crop straws away from farmland. pollution is over standard. 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal contamination monitoring and control, 1. The rice cadmium mainly focusing on rice and soil. pollution is in the low risk. 2. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer 2. The soil cadmium Yanghuping Light RⅡS1 O（WⅠ 3,000kg/hectare/year. 0.29 6.49 27.05-39.21 0.35 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.45 Taiyou 390, 0.83 22.85 pollution is at the low risk. Town loam D1F1CⅡ） MⅢ 3. Soil acidification treatment. Apply Ruiyou 3399 3 Except soil risks, the rice Project area alkaline fertilizer 600kg/hectare/quarter. may have variety risks or 4 Strengthen the management and control of management risks. the high-accumulation rice varieties. 5. Control of over standard rice. Yangchi Village 1. The rice cadmium 1 Strengthen the farmland heavy metal pollution is in the medium contamination monitoring and control, risk. mainly focusing on rice and soil. 2. The soil cadmium 2. Soil acidification treatment. Apply lime pollution is at the medium Light RⅢ SⅢO（WⅠ 2250kg kg/hectare/year. 0.33 5.94 30.05-39.21 0.55 ＜0.0005 No Safe 1.65 0.60 34.25 risk. loam D1F1CⅢ） MⅡ 3. Apply the commercial organic fertilizer 3 Except soil risks, the rice 1,500kg/hectare/year. may have variety risks or 4. Optimize the field water management; management risks. 5. Control of over standard rice. 4. The rice straw cadmium 6. Keep crop straws away from farmland. pollution is over standard.
100 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
4.3.1 Sustainable management of farmland pollution
(1) Integrated management of farmland risks According to the analysis on the valid data of rice, endogenous and exogenous agriculture and agricultural production management etc., some targeted risk management measures are taken, including the farmland heavy metal contamination monitoring, the pollution source control, the agricultural management, the soil restoration and other measures.
See Table 4-2
Table 4-2 Risk Management Measure Table of Integrated Management Project of Farmland
Pollution in Yongding District 1 Apply Lime 2 Soil passivator 3 Apply organic fertilizer 4 Apply alkaline compound fertilizer 5 Plant enrichment plants 6 Plant green manure and oilseed rapes 7 Irrigate with clean water 8 Remove straws 9 Replanting subsidies
(2) Construction measures The farmland infrastructure in the project area is complete. However, some farmland irrigation canals are still earth canals or seriously damaged canals. They need to be renovated to meet the requirements for optimizing the field moisture manage in the project area. Refer to Table 4-3 for the specific construction measures and construction content of the farmland pollution in Yongding District.
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(3) Risk-based farmland management tools
Establish 0.2 hectare pilot test land for single risk model in the project area, and the total area is 3.6 hectares. Collect and record the testing data of the pilot test lands (covering the soil, crops, inputs, pollution monitoring, etc), implement monitoring, evaluation and feedback verification of the technical effect of the single and comprehensive measures for risk management of the project and establish models based on the data, so as to provide support for the farmland risk management tools.
(4) Preparation of agricultural risk diagram
In accordance with the effective data such as the rice, agricultural interior source, exterior source and agricultural production management, etc and in organic combination with the risk-based farmland management tools, determine the level of pollution risk of farmland and crops and display this information in diagram. Prepare the agricultural production risk map of the whole county to facilitate the effective identification of areas requiring repairing.
Formulate the adoptable targeted management measures and action plan to achieve the purpose of reducing farmland pollution level, controlling the agricultural risk and improving the safety of crops.
102 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Table 4-3 Construction Content Table of Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Yongding District Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, 1 Canal m 18.00 462.41 40*60cm secondary material transfer distance of 0.3km
2 Grit basin Set 17.00 34.00
3 Pretank Set 1.00 10.00
Total 506.41
Construction measures input of Luotaping Township project area
Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Drainage Transformation and Grouted 1 Taiping Village m 1200 283 33.99 40*60cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 2 Taiping Village m 4200 153 64.17 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.25km 3 Grit basin Taiping Village New construction Set 2 20000 4.00
Total 5400.00 102.16
Construction measures input of Wentang Town project area
Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Drainage Transformation and Grouted 1 Wentang Village m 1200 349 41.91 40*60cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.5km
103 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 2 Wentang Village m 1400 151 21.18 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.25km 3 Grit basin Wentang Village New construction Set 2 20000 4.00
Total 2600.00 67.09
Construction measures input of Houping Town project area
Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Drainage Transformation and Grouted 1 Wuxi Village m 1200 455 54.64 80*100cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.2km Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 2 Bajiahe Village m 1000 161 16.12 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.35km Original earth canal, Irrigation Guangyanju Transformation and Grouted 4 m 1000 222 22.18 40*50cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.4km 5 Grit basin New construction Set 4 20000 8.00
Total 4600.00 100.93
Construction measures input of Fengxianggang project area
Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Irrigation Qingyutan Transformation and Grouted 1 m 1200 156 18.75 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Original earth canal, Irrigation Fengxianggang Transformation and Grouted 2 m 1000 371 37.14 60*80cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.2km
104 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
3 Grit basin New construction Set 3 20000 6.00
Total 2200.00 61.88
Construction measures input of Xixiping project area
Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Drainage Zhuangjiayu Transformation and Grouted 1 m 1000 309 30.90 40*60cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Original earth canal, Irrigation Zhuangjiayu Transformation and Grouted 2 m 1000 156 15.62 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Zhuangjiayu 3 Pre-reservoir New construction Set 1 100000 10.00 Site cast concrete Village 4 Grit basin New construction Set 2 20000 4.00
Total 60.52
Construction measures input of Yanghuping Town project area
Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 1 Wujiaju Village m 1200 156 18.75 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 2 Wujiaju Village m 1000 215 21.54 40*50cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.35km Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 3 Yangchi Village m 0 156 0.00 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Irrigation Transformation and Grouted Original earth canal, 4 Yangchi Village m 1000 215 21.54 40*50cm canal hardening rubble+concrete secondary material transfer
105 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
distance of 0.35km
5 Grit basin New construction Set 4 20000 8.00
Total 3200.00 69.83
106 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 4.3.2 Environmental management and agricultural environment monitoring 4.3.2.1 Construction of agricultural environment monitoring and early warning system
The provincial project department is responsible for constructing the early warning platform for the monitoring of agricultural environment, and the project county should configure 1 sampling & testing vehicle and 2 dedicated terminal computers to construct the monitoring and early warning system for the agricultural environment. Construct the monitoring and early warning system for the agricultural environment to implement the continuous monitoring of factors such as irrigation surface water, soil, agricultural products, applied organic fertilizer, pesticides, so as to conduct the risk evaluation and monitoring & early warning of the farmlands and agricultural products in the whole county, prevent the area expansion and degree increase of farmland pollution and give instructions to the comprehensive management and control of heavy metal contamination of farmlands in the whole project county 4.3.2.2 Formulate and issue local regulations and technical standards
Up to now, the Yongding District has issued the plans and schemes such as the
Ecological and Environmental Protection Plan of Yongding District in Zhangjiajie City during the “13th Five Year Plan” Period, Implementation Scheme Against the Atmospheric
Pollution in Yongding District in Zhangjiajie City, Contingency Plan for the Quality &
Safety Accidents of Agricultural Products in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City, Quality
Management Method for the Cultivated Land in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City, etc.
According to the need of Project, make and issue local regulations and technical standards as well as establish and improve the standard system of regulations.
1. Research and formulate the comprehensive management mechanism for the farmland pollution risk. Optimize the field management and promote the new agricultural
107 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan technology for the farmlands without risk, so as to prevent and stop the occurrence of new pollutions; quickly and effectively implement the risk control for the polluted farmlands to prevent migration and transformation of risk.
2. Formulate local regulations on agricultural product quality and safety and relevant plans. Put forward over-standard agricultural product treatment technology regulations etc.
3. Establish the county-level environmental supervision system. Supervise the input of farmland soil hazardous substances in the long term and set up early warning and prevention for external pollutants coming into the arable land. Make full use of the environmental supervision network to strengthen the construction of the farmland environmental protection law enforcement system.
4. Research and work out the eco-compensation mechanism required by effective control at various farmland pollution risks, including economic compensation, compensation ways, compensation objects and management methods. 4.3.3 Project ability development 4.3.3.1 Project management ability development
1. Domestic investigations: The investigation mainly includes the domestic investigation, organized by the provincial POM. The aim is to learn advanced heavy metal contamination treatment technologies and experience both at home. 6 people/month for the domestic investigation.
2. Domestic training: The domestic training includes the integrated management of farmland based on risks, agricultural environment monitoring, pollution prevention, policy implementation, purchase and financial knowledge etc. 52 people/month in total.
3. Technical assistance: Employ the experts on related technologies to provide technical support to the project so as to guarantee the project is implemented smoothly. 18 people/month in total. 4.3.3.2 Project knowledge publicity and farmer training
1. Information dissemination: make videos and paper documents etc. to publicize and summarize the project
108 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
2. Farmer training: combine centralized training with on-site training to improve the farmers’ understanding on farmland heavy metal contamination and guarantee the effective publicity of the project-related technologies. 698 people/month in total. 4.3.3.3 Practical Subject Research
It mainly researches the influence of the rice-duck cultivation mode on the heavy metal contamination of farmlands. The rice-duck cultivation mode can reduce the application quantity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides of farmlands, so as to realize the green prevention & control and reduce the heavy metal contamination of farmlands resulting from the agricultural exterior sources. 4.3.3.4 Draw up the action plan for farmland environmental protection
Based on the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment experience both at home and abroad, draw up the action plan for the soil environmental protection of the project county, strengthen the project ability building, improve the frontseeability of the project construction and identify the challenge and opportunity the project is facing. 4.3.4 Project management and evaluation 4.3.4.1 Project management
Project management includes purchasing the office equipment required by the project management organization, constructing the project management Mis system, conducting daily management, purchasing management, financial management, environmental safety and social security work of the project as well as strengthening cooperation between government departments at all levels and mutual support and cooperation between enterprises and farmers’ professional cooperatives. 4.3.4.2 Project monitoring evaluation
Monitor and evaluate the project implementation performance indicators and results. Collect the information and data related to the project implementation. Sum up experience and lessons and organize the project seminars. Refer to the monitoring schedule for the monitoring indicator, the monitoring frequency and the implementation party.
109 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures (ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures)
5.1 Analysis on influences of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures
The civil engineering construction activities of the integrated management project of farmland pollution in Yongding District mainly pertain to the field irrigation facility construction including the drainage canal and irrigation canal renovation. The project civil engineering activities impact water environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment and ecological environment during construction. 5.1.1 Analysis on influences on water environment during construction
Waste water during construction mainly includes construction wastewater and domestic sewage of constructors. The construction wastewater of the project is mainly the foundation pit excavation water seepage, concrete mixing wastewater, concrete curing wastewater, sand-gravel material washing wastewater, machinery wastewater with oil appearing during the small-scale civil engineering construction and the field irrigation facility construction. The waste water is in a small amount. The pollution factors of the waste water are mainly SS, petroleum and COD etc. The main pollutants of the domestic sewage are COD, BOD5 and SS. The accommodation of the project constructors is depending on the nearby village. According to the practical situation of local villages, the domestic sewage is collected in the septic-tank and is cleared regularly to be used as manure. The arbitrary discharge of construction wastewater without any treatment will cause a certain amount of pollution to soil and surface water. Especially in the rainy weather, it will have a greater influence on the surface water environment, but it will
110 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan not bring heavy metal contamination. In addition, the construction of the electric pumping station and the ecological intercepting ditch will disturb the sediments in water, which will increase the SS concentration in the water and have short impacts on the downstream water environment. This kind of project should stay away from the farmland irrigation period. The reasonable construction method should be taken and the construction time should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the disturbance to the canal bed and minimize the impact on the water. 5.1.2 Analysis on influences on ambient air during construction
The impact of the project construction has concentrated impact on ambient air. The ambient air pollution mainly comes from the construction dust. During the construction, canal excavation, dregs transportation and loading, site clean-up and field construction will produce raised dust. The construction sites of the project are dispersed and the scale of the construction site in each project area is small. Therefore, the construction dust produced is only in a small amount. Usually it only has some influences on the constructors. After the watering and dust suppression measures are taken, its impact on the regional environment is slight. 5.1.3 Analysis on influences on acoustic environment during construction
The noises during the construction are the noise on the construction site and the traffic noise during material transportation. ①The noise on the construction site The noises on the construction site mainly include the mechanical equipment noise and the impact noise during material loading such as shoveling and transportation, concreting, earthrock filling as well as aggregated rock and gravel loading etc. Since the construction machinery is in mobile outdoor operation and has no sound insulation measures, it will have some impacts on the residents living around the construction site.
111 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan
②The traffic noise The truck will be mainly used as the transportation vehicle during the construction. The maximum noise intensity of a truck can reach 90dB (A). The construction sites of the project are dispersed, the work amount of each project area is small and there are not so many transportation vehicles. Therefore, the traffic noise in the construction transportation is intermittent and short.
The work amount in each project area of the project is small and dispersed, the noises produced during the construction is intermittent and short. In addition, the construction is only conducted during the daytime and the construction sites are normally over 200m away from the centralized settlement of the village. Therefore, the impact of the noises is slight. By strengthening management and taking corresponding environmental control measures, its impact can be minimized. 5.1.4 Analysis on influences of solid wastes during construction
The solid wastes during the construction are mainly the temporarily stockpiled dregs for foundation excavation during the renovation of drainage and irrigation canals and the construction of front sedimentation basins and ecological intercepting ditches as well as the domestic wastes produced by the constructors. If no preventive measures are taken to the dregs, they will affect the landscape. In rainy seasons, they will cause water and soil loss; in windy and dry weather, they will produce flying dust.
If the domestic wastes are not treated in time, they will breed mosquitoes in mild temperature and cause a stink and transmit diseases, thus having adverse impacts on the surrounding environment. The construction contents of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal are the renovation and hardening of the original canals. The “grouted rubble +concrete” will be adopted for reinforcement. In-situ leveling and accommodation of earth-rock works will be implemented. Given the fact that subprojects of Yongding District are hilly areas, the work amount of each sub-project site is not large, and so the excavated dregs can be used for land leveling on site. The quantity of the constructors’ domestic
112 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan wastes is small. The domestic wastes of the constructors are in a small quantity. They can be collected on the construction site and cleared and transported by the construction side. Therefore, the domestic wastes have slight impacts on the surrounding environment. 5.1.5 Analysis on influences on ecological environment during construction
The construction contents of the project are mainly the renovation of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal and the construction of the ecological intercepting ditch, the electric pumping station and the front sedimentation basin. The drainage canal and the irrigation canal in the project are renovated from the original canals. The ecological intercepting ditch is constructed based on the original ditch. Therefore, there is almost no newly-added land use. The occupied land of the electric pumping station and the front sedimentation basin is quite small. During the construction, the construction site, the temporary dreg yard and the construction material storage need to occupy some lands temporarily, which will have great influences on the ecological elements such as the vegetation, the soil environment, and the land utilization type etc? The land occupancy, the machinery grinding and personnel activities etc. may damage the vegetation on the earth’s surface and affect the function of the ecosystem; during the excavation and the filling, the stripping of the vegetation on the earth’s surface will cause the damage of the vegetation on the earth’s surface and meanwhile the waste soil stockpile will cause the soil erosion inevitably. Therefore, during the construction, the temporary water and soil loss will be caused. The project doesn’t have a large area of permanently occupied lands. After the construction is completed, the temporarily occupied construction land can be used for reclamation planting at any time. Therefore, the project has slight impacts on land use.
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5.1.6 Analysis on mitigation measures to influences of the project civil engineering construction on environment
For the mitigation measures to influences of the project civil engineering construction on environment, please see the following appendixes: Appendix 1 Environmental Protection Regulations of Field Irrigation Facility Construction ECOP
5.2 Analysis on surrounding and upstream pollution sources and mitigation measures
5.2.1 Investigation and analysis on surrounding and upstream pollution sources
Yongding District has abundant mineral resources, and the mining of metallic ores such as iron, nickel molybdenum, etc involving the discharge of heavy metals has occurred in the history. It has a long history of mining, beneficiation and smelting. Due to the constraint of many factors in different historical development stages, such as the technical conditions, awareness level and regulation strength, etc, the heavy metals in the externally discharged waste water are deposited in the sediment of ditches and river channels, and the heavy metals in the waste gas settle in soil and water body through the atmosphere and then flow into surface water, soil and underground water through the surface runoff, so the discharged heavy metals gradually accumulate in a non-biodegradable way. This leads to the constant increase of heavy metal concentration in soil, sediment and water body and more serious pollution, which thereby causes the heavy metal contamination accident. Luotaping Township Project Area in Yongding District: Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, the upstream of Luotaping Township project area in Yongding District has Propylite iron mining historically. No smelting enterprise, tailing pond or leftover problem exists in surrounding areas or upstream
114 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan areas. After field investigation, the waste slags in historical mining yard have been removed and basically will not cause new heavy metal contamination of the downstream farmlands. Mining of Qingyan iron mine was implemented during 1958-1960 and the mining scale was 2000-10000 t/year, and then this mine was closed in 1960. Xixiping Project Area：Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, once there was ni-mo mining in the upstream of Xixiping Project Area with residues; No smelting enterprise, tailing pond or leftover problem exists in surrounding areas or upstream areas. Nickel molybdenum mines were mined by local individual residents, and the mining period was 2004-2008, with the mining scale of 3000-18000 t/year. The government of Yongding District ordered to stop the mining of nickel molybdenum mines in 2008, and there were many waste slags in dozens of places in the mining area, and the total amount of slags was 46000 tons according to the statistical data of the environmental protection bureau. After that, the government of Yongding District offered the dedicated funds to implement the cleaning project against the residual waste slags and realized proper treatment and transportation of nickel molybdenum ores through outsourcing. After field visit and verification by the environmental protection bureau of Yongding District, 80% of the residual waste slags of nickel molybdenum mines have been treated up to now, and the clearing and transportation of the remaining slags is under progress.
Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, No smelting enterprise, tailing pond or leftover problem exists in surrounding areas or upstream areas of Wentang Town Project Area, Houping Town Project Area, Fengxianggang Township Project Area, and Yanghuping Town Project Area. In the project areas of Wentang Town, Houping Town, Fengxianggang Township and Yanghuping Town, the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui river and sewage irrigation by using the Lishui river water. After field investigation and verification of the environmental protection bureau, illegal industrial and mining enterprises on both banks of Lishui River have been closed and forbidden
115 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan to implement illegal mining, and the remaining slags in the history have been treated and the Lishui river water quality meets the Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard (GB5084-2005), so new heavy metal contamination will not occur. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper reaches of Lishui river have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area, and their total reservoir capacity is respectively 1215 billion m3 and 77.85 million m3. Flood prevention capacity will be reserved for the flood period. After the field investigation, there is no industrial and mining enterprises discharging polluting heavy metals in surroundings and upper reaches of each sub-project area in Yongding District, and there is no tailing pond in the upstream. In accordance with the investigation of irrigation water quality in each sub-project area, the water quality meets the Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard (GB5084-2005), and generally speaking, the upstream irrigation water will not bring new heavy metal contamination to the farmlands in the project area. However, there are still remaining slags involving the heavy metal in the upper reaches of the project area (Xixiping project area), and the slag leaching water containing heavy metal will flow into the surface water and soil with the surface runoff under the effect of rain washing and leaching, which thereby leads to new heavy metal contamination to the downstream farmland. 5.2.2 Mitigation Measures
(1) Strengthen the motoring, regulation and law enforcement efforts, and strictly forbid to recover the mining of historical mining points of nickel molybdenum, iron mine, etc at the upstream of the project area. (2) For the project areas with remaining slags in the upper reaches, the front settling pond is arranged in the front section where the irrigation water flows into the farmlands for purpose of interception and settlement of the irrigation water. The
116 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan heavy metals resulting from the rain washing of slags are mainly located in the washing sediments, while the front settling pond can effectively intercept the sediments containing heavy metal, so as to prevent the new heavy metal pollutants entering the farmland. (3)、Clean the lower part of sediments regularly according to the amount of sediments intercepted by the front settling pond, and the sediment settling shall avoid the agricultural irrigation period and wet season. Regularly implement the toxicity leaching test of the cleaned sediments. The precipitated sludge is the general solid waste. Therefore, the sludge can be used for road filling or filled in the downfold after it is dried; otherwise, if the precipitated sludge is the dangerous solid waste, it must be transferred and treated by the qualified enterprise according to relevant risk requirements. (4) Clean and transport the historically retained slags for purpose of treatment by outsourcing. The cleaning and transporting time shall avoid the wet season, and anti-dropping measures should be taken in the transportation workshop. It is not allowed to implement the cleaning and transporting during 20:00~6:00 at night, in order to avoid influencing the rest of residents along the transportation route. See Picture 5-1 for the typical front sedimentation basin.
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Picture 5-1 Typical Front Sedimentation Basin
5.3 Analysis on influences of agricultural activities and mitigation measures
5.3.1 Analysis on influences of agricultural activities
(1) Analysis on influences of lime spreading The irrigation water in the project area is faintly acid. Spreading proper amount of lime can adjust the pH value of the water. The lime amount can be chosen scientifically according to the soil pH value and the soil texture. See Table 5-4 for the specific amount of the first year. The amount of the second year can be adjusted according to the change of the soil pH value. Usually, the amount of the second year is half of that of the first year. The spreading will be stopped in the third year and the amount of the fourth year is same as that of the second year. The rest can be done in the same manner.
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Table 5-1 Table of Lime Amount (Unit: kg/hectare) Soil texture/pH value ＜4.5 4.5-5.5 5.5-6.5 ＞6.5
Sandy soil 3150 2250 1800 Not applied
Loam 3600 2700 2250 Not applied
Clay 4500 3600 3375 Not applied
After the lime is applied, the heavy metal ionic concentration in the irrigation water is reduced and the pH value still meets the requirements in Standards for
Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). The applied lime is the joint product of quick lime (CaO content＞70%) and limestone (CaO content＞70%) as well as dolomite (CaO+MgO content >45%) etc. in the proportion of 1:3. The small percentage of the quick lime can effectively prevent the crops and people from being burned during the application. The soil in the project area is acidized in different levels and is faintly acid. The application of lime can reduce the acidity of the soil and improve the activity of the microorganism. Lime is the good material to neutralize acidic soil. It can boost the sedimentation of the ions such as cadmium and lead etc. in soil, restrain the activity of the heavy metals in soil and reduce the content of cadmium in rice. The application of lime can improve the soil pH value and help with the activity of microorganisms (the microorganism likes the near-neutral soil environment). The lime applied to the farmland is the joint product of dry powders. The lime is spread with the spreader and by people. During the spreading, it is unavoidable to cause lime dust pollution to local ambient air, but the scope of influences is small and the influencing time is short. It mainly has adverse effects on the lime spreading worker and has slight impacts on the surrounding residents. While the workers are spreading quick lime, they must be well protected. They must wear protection suits and respirator to guarantee safety.
(2) Analysis on influences of the application of soil amendment All the passivation amendment applied is the agricultural agent which is registered and allowed by the national agricultural department to be applied to the
119 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan farmland. Therefore, it is guaranteed that it won’t cause new heavy metal contamination. Currently, the passivator materials used for the passivation amendment of farmland soil heavy metal contamination both at home and abroad mainly include: (1) clay minerals; (3) material containing phosphorus; (4) silicon-calcium materials; (5) metallic oxide such as ferric oxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, goethite, manganese oxide and cryptomelane etc.; (6) organic materials; (7) industrial wastes etc. In the actual application to the farmland, avoid applying the industrial waste as the passivation amendment as far as possible to prevent the new secondary pollution or the damage of the structure and physicochemical property of the soil as well as the destruction of the environment, which has unpredictable adverse effects on the long-term environmental quality of the farmland. In terms of the current using effect, after the passivation amendment of the farmland soil heavy metal contamination, the available reduction rate of the heavy metals such as Cd and Pb etc. can reach 10%~30% and the available reduction rate of Ca, Pb etc. in the crops (rice and vegetables etc.) can reach 30%~70%. In combination with the agronomic regulation measures, the remediation efficiency can reach 90%. The passivation amendment stability of Cd and Pb etc. in common soil can be more than 3 years. In addition, under many circumstances, as the amendment time is extended, the passivation amendment stability effect of heavy metals in soil becomes more obvious.
The organic passivator helps restore the micro-ecological environment system in soil and reduce the bioavailability of toxic metals in soil so as to reduce the poison in the crops. During the farmland soil heavy metal contamination passivation amendment, a large amount of the applied passivator may have adverse effects on the soil environment quality. After the application of the passivator, attention should be paid to the stability of the passivator itself, the long-term stability of the heavy metals after passivation/ stabilization and the long-term impact of the passivator on the soil texture, physicochemical properties and environmental quality. In addition, conduct
120 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan comprehensive tracking, monitoring and evaluation on the influence of the passivation amendment on the growth, output, and quality etc. of the crops. (3) Analysis on influences of the application of organic fertilizer The organic fertilizer is rich in organic matters and the nutrient substances necessary to the growth of the crops. It can provide nutrients required by the growth of the crops, improve soil and the quality of the crops, increase the crop yield, boost the high and stable yield of the crops, maintain the fertility of soil, increase the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and reduce production costs. The full and reasonable use of the organic fertilizer can increase the crop yield; improve the fertility of the farmland, the quality of the agricultural products and the availability of the soil nutrients. Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer and they can be categorized as follows: ①agricultural wastes, such as straws, bean pulp and cotton dregs etc.; ②excrements of livestock and poultries, such as excrements of chicken, cows, sheep and rabbit; ③industrial wastes, such as distillers’ soluble, vinegar residues, manioc wastes, sugar wastes and furfural residues etc.; ④domestic wastes like kitchen wastes etc.; ⑤municipal sludge, such as river sludge and sewer sludge etc. Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer. The straws rich in heavy metals, the excrements of livestock and poultries eating fodders containing heavy metals and municipal sludge etc. may bring the heavy metal element into the organic fertilizer. Once the organic fertilizer with excess heavy metals is applied to the farmland, the content of the heavy metal element in soil may increase, which will cause secondary pollution. Therefore, the heavy metal content of the applied organic fertilizer in the project area must be lower than that in the standards of Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012). If the excrements of livestock and poultries are used as the organic fertilizer, it is required that the heavy metal content of the fodder for the livestock and poultries should meet the Hygiene Specification for Fodder (GB13078-2001). For the excrements of livestock of the surrounding peasant households, the PMO should
121 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan strengthen supervision. If the excrements from the breeding industry are not tested or tested to be over standard, they can’t be applied to the farmland to prevent causing new heavy metal contamination. (4) Analysis on influences of the application of fertilizer The application of fertilizer has a great influence on the heavy metal content in soil, especially the cadmium content. The application of phosphatic fertilizer contributes most to the cadmium content in soil. Related studies indicate that if the rice field cadmium input such as rains, dust, irrigation and pesticides etc. and the cadmium output such as the surface runoff and subsurface runoff etc., and the application of phosphatic fertilizer is the main source of the rice field cadmium input. The application of the only fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus can prevent the cadmium content in the rice grains from exceeding standards in a short time, but it increases the cadmium pollution risk in soil. The fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus must be used in coordination with the amendment like lime for rice production. Therefore, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be selected to reduce the cadmium pollution of the fertilizer to the rice field soil. When the phosphatic fertilizer is used with the compound fertilizer, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be selected to guarantee soil environment and food safety.
(5) Analysis on influences of the application of pesticides The scientific and comprehensive pest control technology is widely applied in the project area. According to the data provided by Yongding District Bureau of Agriculture, the pesticides application frequency of Yongding District is 3 times/quarter. In 2015, Yongding District used 54.36t chemical pesticides and 4 biopesticides. The amount of the biopesticides took up 7.4 % of the total amount of the pesticides. Through the on-the-spot investigation and the verification of Yongding District Bureau of Agriculture, it is discovered that all the pesticides applied to the farmland in Yongding
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District are the qualified pesticides which meet the national standards. These pesticides won’t cause the heavy metal contamination to the farmland. During the project implementation, the selection and application of the pesticides will be guided and supervised by the agricultural departments of Yongding District, enabling the pesticides to be used scientifically and reasonably in the project area. During the project implementation, the high-performance sprayer in low volume will be promoted. The Plant Protective Station of Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province has verified that the high-performance sprayer in low volume will increase the effective utilization ratio of pesticides from 30% to over 60%, thus making the application amount of the pesticides 50% less than before and the application amount of the herbicides 40% less than before. It reduces the pesticide residues in water and the widespread pollution. Also, it helps improve the water quality of the lakes, reservoirs and rivers in the project area.
Mitigation measures to pesticides application impacts ①Train the farmers and the chemicals retailers about the possible impacts of the specific chemicals on the environment and recommend better sprayers and methods; ②Cooperate with the town government and the department of agricultural technologies in the project area to standardize, supervise and monitor the pesticides spraying so as to guarantee the water source is clean; ③Recommend the safe sprayers certified by the national quality inspection institutions; ④Select the highly efficient, low-toxicity and less-persistent pesticides; ⑤Publicize the biological control measures and minimize the amount of the chemical pesticides; adopt a series of nuisanceless measures (agricultural, physical, biological and low-toxicity chemicals) to guarantee the pests’ resistance to pesticides will not be improved;
⑥ Control the pesticides application frequency of the Mancozeb and the Bordeaux mixture etc. containing Cu and Zn to reduce their accumulation in soil. (6) Analysis on influences of agricultural wastes
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During the project implementation, a small quantity of agricultural wastes such as the agricultural film and packing materials for the agricultural inputs etc. will appear in the project area. If they are discarded at will and left in soil, the decomposition of soil humus and the air permeability and water permeability of the soil will be affected, resulting in damaged soil structures, low content of nutrient elements and lower water retention and fertilizer maintenance capacity. Therefore, the agricultural film and packing materials for the agricultural inputs etc. should be removed and recycled in time to prevent them from polluting the environment in the agricultural product production place. (7) Analysis on influences of the adjustment of planting structure For the areas at the extremely high cadmium pollution risk in the project area, according to the regional planting habit, the industrial base and the market requirement, adjust the planting structure of the crops and replace the original rice with the grape. The grape is the featured commercial crop in Yongding District with high economic benefits. These replanted crops are all planted locally and will not have obvious impacts on the local ecological environment. (8) Analysis on influences of removing straws from fields When the cadmium content of the rice straw>1.5mg/kg, if the straws are return to the field, they are bad for reducing the cadmium content of the field and will affect the effect of the project implementation. For the areas with the cadmium content of the rice straw>1.5mg/kg, remove the straws from the fields to restrain the cadmium pollution tendency in the field. By adopting the operation mechanism of the PPP pattern, providing stimulation and subsidies to the field operator or the professional reaping cooperatives, changing the reaping mode (head-feed reaping to guarantee all the straws are removed and utilized) and adding the ways of binding for chopped straws (can purchase the reaper-binder), the crop straws are moved out of the field in the project area. The principles of suiting measures to local conditions, utilizing comprehensively and saving costs are applied to the removed straws. In view of the characteristic that
124 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan there are many mountain lands and forest lands in Yongding District, the treatment and utilization of straws are implemented by using the centralized collection and local reforestation and covering. In addition, the PMO should strengthen supervision to guarantee the straws are removed from the fields smoothly and are treated properly. Through the above measures, the straws can be removed from the area with excess rice straws and the removed straws can be utilized or treated properly, which has a slight impact on the environment. (9) Analysis on influences of the control of over standard rice For the rice with the cadmium content more than 0.2mg/kg, Zhangjiajie Guangyuan Wine Industry Development Co., Ltd, etc are locally selected as the dedicated enterprises for purchasing of these rices. The cadmium in rice mainly gathers in the by-product (distillers’ soluble). The EIA suggests that this kind of distillers’ soluble should be tested and for those meeting the Hygiene Specification for
Fodder (GB13078-2001), they can be considered to be used as the fodder, otherwise they should be treated properly by taking measures like sanitary landfill. Through the above measures, the over standard rice in the project area can be controlled and utilized and its by-product can be treated properly, which has slight impacts on the environment. 5.3.2 Mitigation measures of agricultural activities
See the below appendix for the mitigation measures of agricultural activities: Appendix 2 Agronomic Activity Environmental Protection Regulations ECOP 5.4 Analysis on influences on social environment and mitigation measures
5.4.1 Analysis on influences on social environment
The Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Hunan Province with World Bank Loan involves 16 counties (cities) and has wide social influences. Each implementation link are connected closely and all linked with one another. The
125 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan smooth implementation of the project is largely determined by the participation willingness and attitude of the project implementation subject (peasant household). To serve the optimization design of the whole project and its effective implementation, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province entrusts Institute of Sociology, Hunan Normal University to work out the social influence evaluation report. According to the safety control policies of the World Bank, the social influence evaluation and analysis should be conducted in combination with the social evaluation work in the environmental management plan. 5.4.1.1 Positive social influences
(1) Short-term influences ①Through the publicity of the project, improve the production safety product awareness of the stakeholders. Through the survey, it is found that the understanding of the stakeholders in the area with mild contamination on the cause and the result of farmland heavy metal contamination is not sufficient. Through the publicity and training of the project, the project will improve the stakeholders’ awareness to the urgency of farmland heavy metal contamination treatment. ②Through the training of the project, improve the peasant households’ skills in production safety products. Through the survey, it is discovered that the excess heavy metals in the agricultural product relate to the agronomic technology of the peasant households. The optimization of the agronomic technology can reduce the heavy metal contamination to the agricultural product. Therefore, through the training on the peasant households, the project can improve the peasant households’ skills in production safety products. ③ Through public participation, consensus on the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment will be achieved. Through the survey, it is found that the stakeholders still have many disputes over whether the treatment is needed and how to treat the pollution. Through public participation, consensus on the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment will be achieved.
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④Create favorable conditions for agricultural production by improving the infrastructure. Through the survey and the on-site interview, it is discovered by the social assessment team that the peasant households’ desire to improve local backward irrigation infrastructure is quite strong. Whenever the social assessment team arrives at a project village, most villagers will reflect that the local infrastructure is poor, especially the road and the water; there are always problems in the project area such as insufficient investment in the rural infrastructure as well as lacking effective investment and management etc. These problems seriously affect the sustainable development of agricultural production and rural areas. Through the engineerings such as clean water irrigation, canal renovation and tractor-ploughing road repairing etc., the project will create favorable conditions for agricultural production. ⑤The environmental management and the agricultural environment monitoring provide technical supports for agricultural product quality management. Through the survey, it is found that the project area lacks agricultural product and soil monitoring facilities, which results in lacking of clear understanding of the related government departments and the peasant households on the heavy metal contamination level of agricultural product. Through the environmental management and the agricultural environment monitoring, the project will provide technical supports for agricultural product quality management. ⑥The risk resistance capacity of the peasant households and the product competitiveness are improved by cultivating agricultural cooperatives. The long-time backwardness of the project area enables many peasant households to realize continuously that their scattered situation will make them live on repeated sell of primary agricultural products which have low added value and production efficiency as well as difficulties in market integration. Most peasant households have to go through the local or non-local collector if they want to sell the agricultural products.
Finally, the products will go to the company. What the peasant households get is only the price of the primary agricultural products and what they earn is the money from running around here and there. The real added value lies in the deep processing.
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Therefore, the peasant households gradually realize it and urgently desire to be led by the cooperatives and big peasant households to improve the market competitiveness of the product, extend the industrial chain and increase the product price. Cultivating agricultural cooperatives will help improve the risk resistance capacity of the peasant households and the agricultural product competitiveness. (2) Medium and long-term influences
①The project implementation brings obvious ecological benefits. Through the survey, it is discovered that the ecological environment in the project area is damaged by the heavy metal contamination in different levels. The following measures are taken to the ecological environment protection of the project area: (1) source control. The joint management departments led by the agricultural departments are established in various regions to urge the related department to manage the industrial and mining enterprises at the upstream and control the source of pollution. (2) Dynamic monitoring. Set up monitoring stations at the irrigation water source and the farmland to monitor the heavy metal contamination dynamically. (3) Soil restoration. Restore soil through the technological measures like green manure planting. These measures control the farmland heavy metal contamination to some degree, which helps improve the ecological environment. ②The project implementation brings substantial economic benefits. Through the survey, it is found that the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment has already affected the agricultural production and the farmers’ income to some extent. The treatment measures adopted in the project bring substantial economic benefits. They are reflected in four aspects: (1) increase the sales price of the agricultural product. By taking corresponding measures, the project enables the farmland to produce qualified agricultural products, which can increase the agricultural product price. For example, in Yongding District, some slightly polluted areas has had the treatment measure experiments like VIP etc. The cadmium content in the rice is get controlled. The price of the rice is increased to 320 yuan per hundred kg from 250 yuan per hundred kg. (2) Reduce agricultural production costs. The agricultural capital cost can be decreased
128 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan by about 30% by supporting and cultivating the agricultural cooperatives. (3) Increase the land utilization efficiency. The utilization efficiency of the agricultural cooperative’s general lands is increased. By cultivating the agricultural cooperative, the land utilization efficiency can be increased. (4) Increase the added value of agricultural products. The project team cultivates the agricultural cooperatives and establishes the monitoring facilities, which provides organizational and technical supports for agriculture industrialization and is good for increasing the added value of agricultural products. ③The project implementation brings obvious social benefits. Through the survey, it is found that there are many migrant workers in the project area. The poor peasant households specialize in the traditional agricultural business and planting patterns and are caught in the poverty circulation. In addition, the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment lacks experience for reference. The implementation of the project can effectively solve the above problems and bring obvious social benefits. They are reflected in: firstly, beneficial to the returning of the migrant workers. The implementation of the project creates jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities for the migrant workers, especial for women. Through the survey, it is discovered that 70% of the staff employed in the agricultural cooperatives are women. Secondly, beneficial to shaking off poverty and becoming prosperous. Restricted by information, technologies and funds, the poor peasant households are caught in the poverty circulation. By providing the support in aspects of information, technologies and funds, the project team is able to help them out of poverty. Thirdly, beneficial to forming the farmland pollution treatment pattern. Currently, the farmland pollution treatment is lacking the experience and the pattern for reference. The implementation of the project can find out an effective technical and management pattern in the project area, setting an example to other areas in the aspect of heavy metal contamination treatment.
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5.4.1.2 Negative social influences
(1) During the project implementation, the transformation of the agricultural production structure will be carried out and replanting may be conducted in some lands, which will affect the income of some farmers in a short period. (2) The project involves the input to increase agricultural production and may influence the yield of the agricultural products, which will affect the income of most peasant households. (3) During the project implementation, the dust, noises and the temporary storage of wastes and dregs will have adverse impacts on the cleanliness of the project area environment provisionally and the daily life of the residents of the ethnic minorities. 5.4.1.3 Brief summary of social influences
In general, the integrated management project of farmland pollution has positive influences on the society. It can improve the soil in the project area, increase the yield of the agricultural products, improve the infrastructure condition and the ecological environment of the project area, fuel the social and economic development in the project area and improve the quality of the farmers and the comprehensive service level of agriculture. In addition, it is beneficial to the agricultural technology transfer and can improve the awareness to the agricultural heavy metal pollution prevention. The main negative social influences are the transfer of the agricultural production structure that may happen, the requisition of some lands and the interest demands. The negative social influences can almost be removed if reasonable and legal land requisition and proper compensation are realized. 5.4.2 Social risk precautionary measures
5.4.2.1 Social risk identification and elusion measures
Table 5-5 Social Risks in Different Categories Category Specific content Elusion tactics
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(1) Build new irrigation canals or drainage canals; Land requisition Prepare a brief resettlement action (2) Renovate irrigation canals or drainage and resettlement plan. canals; (3) Build new electric pumping stations. (1) The risk of net earning reduction; Through the consultation with the (2) Marketing and sales risks; local agricultural departments and (3) The risk of substandard food; residents, figure out a basic Economic risk (4) The risk that the subsidy standard is compensation package. Each below the peasant households’ government can adjust the package expectations; according to the practical situation. (5) The risk of reduced yields. Work out the training and subsidy (1) The risk of insufficient technical plans for the peasant households and experience of the peasant households; the cadres; Technical risk (2) The risk of lacking technical standards; Related departments work out (3) The risk of immature treatment detailed technical specifications; technologies. Conduct feasibility demonstration in detail and with discretion. Work out financial standards according to the requirements of the (1) Nonstandard financial affairs; World Bank and the relevant Management risk (2) Ineffective implementation; provisions of the state; (3) Unclear responsibilities. Work out clear duty specifications and assign responsibilities to the people. The data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the (1) Problems left over by history; start and implementation stage of the Public opinion (2) The exaggeration of the heavy metal project should be kept confidential; risk contamination; Enhance publicity to promote the (3)Improper attributions. residents’ environmental awareness. Work out the engagement and consultation principles.
5.4.2.2 Social risk control
(1) Work out the framework of the resettlement policy to ease the land requisition and resettlement risk that may exist The project implementation almost doesn’t involve involuntary resettlement. However, the project may have uncertain resettlement influences. Therefore,
131 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan according to the stipulations of the World Bank, if the project has slight influences on the whole displaced group, or less than 200 people will be affected by the project, and the property loss is less than 10%, a brief resettlement action plan is OK. (2) Work out the basic compensation package and cultivate agricultural cooperatives to ease the economic risk in the farmland pollution treatment Through the consultation with the local agricultural departments and residents, figure out a basic compensation package. Each government can adjust the package according to the practical situation. For the system change project involving a large amount of investment like replanting flowers and nursery stocks, the financial models of “mutual guarantee of peasant households+cadre’s guarantee” and “company+base+credit cooperative+peasant household” should be encouraged. For the areas without agricultural cooperatives, the agricultural cooperatives should be cultivated. For the existing agricultural cooperatives, their abilities to organize and manage should be improved through training. (3) Strengthen technical training and specifications to ease the technical risk in treatment To ease the technical risk in treatment, firstly, the project team should strengthen the training on local farmers and women in multiple ways; secondly, the project team should work out the farmer training subsidy plan. It is suggested to provide the subsidies according to the standard of 50 yuan/day; secondly, the project team should strengthen the technical specification. The agricultural departments should work out detailed technical specifications for flooding irrigation, spreading lime, applying organic fertilizer, planting green manure, applying foliar fertilizer and increasing the amount of soil amendment and work out some code requirements for replanted crops. The subsidy standard is whether it reaches relevant requirements. At last, it is suggested to purchase the lime sprayer and provide technical training to relevant people. (4) Set up clear accountability systems to ease the management risk in treatment To ease the risk in management, firstly, clear duty specifications should be
132 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan established. The duty specification should sort out the corresponding responsibilities of the leaders at the provincial level, the county level, the township level and the village level. The responsibilities should be assigned to the people. Secondly, a technical supervision team consisting of “Agricultural Department of Hunan Province +Yongding District Bureau of Agriculture+agricultural experts” should be established. The technical supervision team of each project county should have at least two working staff from the Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province and two agricultural experts. Meanwhile, put forward corresponding rules about the number of times and the time of inspection tours of the technical supervision team; thirdly, financial standards according to the requirements of the World Bank and the relevant provisions of the state should be established, including the financial control system, the accounting system and the auditing system. At last, strengthen relevant protective measures and maintain safety and convenience during the project construction. It is suggested that the project owner and the construction organization of the project take a full consideration of the objective requirement and habit for local residents’ production and life to arrange the project construction schedule and minimize the influence of road blocking and noises on local residents. (5) Strengthen publicity, training and public opinion guidance to ease the public opinion risk in treatment The control measures to the potential public opinion risk in the project area: firstly, the data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the start and implementation stage of the project should be kept confidential; secondly, enhance publicity to promote the residents’ environmental awareness; at last, work out the engagement and consultation principles. The specific measures include: ①Publicize the food safety knowledge among all the residents to enable them to understand that taking necessary measures can effectively reduce the heavy metal contamination; ②
Take relevant publicity measures to correctly lead the public opinion and prevent rumors from spreading incorrectly; ③Pay attention to wording in all the stages of the project and try to avoid labeling.
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5.4.3 Farmland heavy metal contamination risk management
(1) Understand the farmland heavy metal contamination problem correctly Since the heavy metal contamination problems are sensitive, some local governments worry that the social stability and the reputation of local agricultural products will be affected and thus they don’t dare to vigorously publicize the heavy metal contamination restoration work, which restrains the restoration from developing in depth and breadth. Agricultural departments worry that the pilot work will reduce the grain-production area, impair the grain-production capacity and affect the central finance transfer payment of the grain production counties. Farmers worry that adjusting the planting variety will bring greater market risks and affect their incomes, so they don’t want to change their planting habits. All these increase the difficulty level of restoration organization and implementation.
(2) Establish and improve relevant laws and regulations Soil pollution, atmospheric pollution and water pollution are the three major environmental pollution problems in the world. However, China doesn’t have specialized laws and regulations on the soil pollution prevention. The soil pollution prevention content can only be seen in the laws and regulations on environmental pollution prevention, agricultural environment protection and natural resources conservation etc. Therefore, the fundamental law on soil pollution prevention should be worked out to establish the basic principles and systems for soil pollution prevention and define the soil pollution investigation and risk evaluation system, the soil environment function division and protection, utilization and planning systems, the soil condition monitoring, reporting and early warning systems, the soil pollution information disclosure and archives management systems, the soil pollution treatment and restoration systems, the soil pollution treatment funding system and the soil pollution legal liability system etc.
(3) Strengthen the market tolerance Currently, the government is the organization and guidance subject in the
134 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan farmland soil heavy metal contamination restoration work of the project counties in Hunan Province, but the implementation of specific measures needs the wide participation of the social force and each measure needs the corresponding subject to bear. In the current stage, the situation where professional service organizations actively participate in the treatment has not been formed, the mechanism in which the government purchases services and cultivates socialized service organizations has not been established and the professional organization is still being guided and cultivated. The work intensity of lime spreading and fertilization in most areas is great. The measures which have high technical requirements like comprehensive restoration still rely on the farmer’s own efforts. The participation of the socialized organization as the subject of treatment and restoration is not deep enough. If the adjustment of the crop plantation structure relies on scattered peasant households, it is risky and unpractical. The participation of the enterprises in agriculture industrialization and the social participation are obviously insufficient. (4) Carry out industrial transformation as well as establish and improve the agricultural product production place accountability systems Take the investigation and integrated control of the farmland heavy metal contamination of the project counties in Hunan Province as an opportunity to push forward the “four” transformations and upgrading. First is to cultivate and strengthen the leading enterprise as well as improve the level of standardization, intensification and commercialization of agricultural products; second is to accelerate land transfer and improve the scaled land management level; third is to develop cooperatives and improve the systematization of the farmers; fourth is to create famous brands and improve the recognition and market competitiveness of the agricultural products. On a long view, from the height of developing circular economy and new energy, push forward the integration of biologic chains and energy chains in the restoration area to prevent the agricultural products with excess heavy metal from entering the market, thus reducing the market risk and the operation risk of the project. Transfer heavy metals through biomass and meanwhile gain high profits from the new-type industry
135 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan chain. (5) Strengthen the control of pollution sources Strengthen the monitoring and management on the source of endogenous and exogenous heavy metal pollutants. Firstly, strengthen the supervision on agricultural inputs such as seeds, germchit, fertilizer, pesticides and organic fertilizer etc., and prevent the heavy metal pollutants like cadmium from entering the soil of the agricultural product production place together with the agricultural inputs. Secondly, strengthen the monitoring and early warning of the farmland irrigation water and atmospheric sedimentation and effectively prevent the heavy metal pollutants like cadmium from entering the soil of the agricultural product production place together with the irrigation water and atmospheric sedimentation. Make sure the area of the heavy metal polluted arable land is not enlarged and the pollution level is not aggravated to guarantee the integrated control of the farmland heavy metal contamination is carried out in order. (6) Strengthen science and technology supports and technical services as well as reduce technical risks. Firstly, organize the heavy metal contamination prevention experts of the related scientific research institutions in and out of Hunan Province to establish an expert team which is responsible for the technical plan formulation, personnel training, technical guidance, database establishment, data processing software development as well as data analysis and evaluation etc. Based on the existing study, strengthen the technical standard construction, form the technical specification for zoning treatment, strengthen variety breeding of the rice with low cadmium content, deepen the research and development, assembling, integration and pilot scale demonstration of farmland heavy metal contamination restoration technologies to provide technical supports to pollution treatment. Secondly, strengthen the technical guidance on farmland heavy metal contamination investigation and integrated control and provide services in the whole process. For the investigation and the integrated control of heavy metal contamination, make a good job of the pre-production information service, the
136 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan agricultural material supply, the technical training, the after-production processing and the marketing service. In particular, strengthen the introduction, experiment and demonstration of key technologies, excellent varieties and new-type agricultural machinery, the quality and safety detection of agricultural products, the monitoring on the agricultural ecological environment and agricultural input application and other links to improve the service level in the whole agricultural production; strengthen technical guidance. Take “agricultural technician helping the whole village and uniting the peasant household” as the main form. In combination with demonstrations at selected units and technical consultation etc., provide technical guidance both in the village and in the peasant household, implement the agricultural technology service work and spread VIP and VIP+N technology to achieve the localization. Thirdly, establish professional service organizations. For the key technical link of zoning prevention in the heavy metal polluted agricultural product production place, provide uniform seeds, germchits, technical specifications and passivator etc. to guarantee the treatment quality. (7) Establish the risk evaluation archives management system The farmland heavy metal pollutant enters into the human body through the food chain and thus creates hazards. Through the analysis and evaluation with related parties, the detailed investigation and analysis is conducted on the heavy metal contamination in the farmland soil and the crops within Hunan Province. In the evaluation, the major health and safety risks are identified and the health and safety risk control measures are worked out.
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Chapter 6 Environmental Management Plan Management System
6.1 Setting of environmental management organization
The setting of environmental management organization of the project is detailed in Table 6-1 and Figure 6-1.
Table 6-1 Composition of environmental management system Nature of Name of organization Responsibilities of organization organization Assign dedicated environmental management personnel to be responsible for the environmental protection in the planning, design and implementation stage of project, determine the working procedures to meet the requirements of domestic party Provincial PMO and the World Bank on the environmental evaluation and management, and coordinate to supervise the implementation of the environmental management plan. See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of Each Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. Assign the dedicated environmental protection officer to be Management responsible for the daily environmental supervision and organization management of project during the construction and operation period and daily monitoring after completion of project, so as to decrease the adverse impact of project on the environment to the Project office of lowest or acceptable degree and give full play to the Yongding District environmental benefits of project; the environmental protection officer is also responsible for collecting the funds required by the project environmental protection work as well as the arrangement and filing of related files. See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of Each Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. The administrative supervision & management organization of government will supervise and inspect whether the project Administrative working procedure meets the requirements of Chinese department for the environmental management and whether the pollution prevention environmental & control measures during the implementation meets the demands Supervision protection in Yongding of Chinese environmental protection. See the “5.2 Responsibility organization District and Staffing of Each Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. Dispatch environmental technical experts to supervise and inspect World Bank the implementation of environmental protection implementation rules. See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of Each
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Nature of Name of organization Responsibilities of organization organization Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. Environment Environmental Accept the commission to compile the project environment report. assessment evaluation & See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of Each Organization of organization consultation unit the Environmental Management System” for details. Qualified environmental monitoring organization is responsible for the environmental monitoring during the project construction Environmental and operation period. See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of monitoring organization Each Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. Consulting Assist the provincial project office in inspecting the service environmental protection work of each sub-item, and instruct the organization Environment expert environmental evaluation unit and implementation unit to group externally properly complete the design and implementation of appointed by the environmental protection measures. See the “5.2 Responsibility provincial project office and Staffing of Each Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. Implement the environmental protection measures specified in the contract clauses and bidding & tendering documents, meet the Contractor of civil environmental protection requirements of the World Bank and works, execution Implementation local administrative department in charge of environmental organization at each organization protection and submit the construction verification table (attached project point and farmer table 1 and 2). See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of Each households Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details.
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PMO of Integrated Inspectorate of the World Bank Management Project of Environmental Polluted Farmland in Hunan impact assessment Province with World Bank consulting unit Loan
Environmental protection administrative department of Yongding District, Zhangjiajie
Environment Administrator
Environmental experts hired by provincial PMO of Yongding District PMO
Secretary of environment protection
Civil engineering contractors, implementation institutioins and planting Environmental monitoring Management Org. households in project areas organization Monitoring Org. Consulting service org.
Implementation Monitoring Org.
Org.
Figure 6-1 Framework diagram of environmental management organization of project
6.2 Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization of
environmental management system
The environmental management system adopted in “Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City with World Bank Loan” includes project management organization, supervision organization, implementation organization and consulting service organization. All these organizations commonly constitute a complete environmental management system of
the project. However, each of them undertakes different work contents and has different scopes of responsibility. The project is launched under the organizing and
140 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan leadership of provincial PMO and each project county (municipal) government to ensure the compliance of project construction with requirements stipulated by China and the World Bank concerning work procedure and pollution prevention and control measures. Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization in this project are shown in Table 6-2 below. Table 6-2 Responsibilities of each organization in environmental management
system Type of Personnel Name of organization Responsibilities of the organization organization allocation 1. Carry out whole-process environmental supervision management of this project according to law, including approval of ① Environmental Supervision project environmental impact assessment Protection Bureau of 1 organization report (including environmental assessment Yongding District work of sub-projects), and environmental supervision management in stages such as project construction and operation. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of Environmental Management Plan; 2. Supervise and urge the coordination and implementation of domestic environmental management requirements and environmental management requirements of World Bank; ② Provincial project Management 3. Submit relevant reports to World Bank every 1 leaders team and PMO organization half a year; 4. Check environmental management work of PMO in each level; 5. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems; 6. Entrust hired experimental expert group to check the project. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of sub-project environmental management rules and regulations; 2. Organize the preparation of approval application of domestic environmental impact assessment documents; 3. Urge the project design to meet environmental impact assessment requirements; 4. Include environmental protection measures in ③ PMO of Yongding Management 1-2 this environmental management plan in District organization project construction contract; 5. Hire, supervise and coordinate with project supervisor (qualification, responsibilities and management); 6. Organize the implementation of environmental management training plan; 7. Properly keep records on complaints during project construction and operation process, sort such records, answer handling results to
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the public and solve the problems complained by the public; 8. Submit reports (statements) to provincial PMO every quarter; 9. Accept the inspection of environmental work (including project inspection of World Bank) 1. The World Bank assigns an inspectorate every year to conduct special inspection of project Supervision implementation; ④World Bank 1 organization 2. Check execution conditions of loan agreement of this project and implementation conditions of Environmental Management Plan. ⑤ Provision of 1. Carry out on-the-spot survey of each project and construction project Environmental conduct environmental assessment; environmental impact impact assessment 3 2. Take charge of compiling contents of assessment organization Environmental Management Plan. qualification certificate 1. Carry out site inspection of construction site and contractor and assist provincial PMO in checking environmental protection work of project points; ⑥ Environmental Consulting service 2. Guide environmental impact assessment unit and experts hired by 1-2 organization implementation unit to properly design and provincial PMO implement environmental protection measures, submit a draft report to provincial PMO and put forward suggestions and opinions on implementation of environmental protection. 1. Carry out environmental monitoring in project ⑦ Environmental construction period and operation period Consulting service experts hired by 1-2 according to Environmental Monitoring Plan, organization provincial PMO keep such conditions in the archives and report to each county (municipal) PMO. 1. Formulate each environmental protection measure in construction period; 2. Accept supervision and inspection from World Bank and environmental protection departments at all levels regarding environmental protection; ⑨ Environmental 3. Establish a feedback mechanism and complete Implementation experts hired by Several rectification within 3 working days after organization provincial PMO receiving notice of rectification (rectification shall be completed within 10 working days if management organization is demanded to coordinate); 4. Complete construction checklist together before construction and submit it to county (district) PMO.
6.3 Environmental management tasks in each project stage
Project environmental management involves different work contents in different project implementation stages as shown in Figure 6-2.
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The most important task of environmental management plan is to ensure that each environmental protection measure put forward is practically and effectively implemented, including: ① Include environmental protection measures in environmental management plan into project design and construction contract; ② Implementation of environmental protection measures by the construction unit during construction period; ③Project acceptance, supervision and management of project operation period, mechanism of environmental management plan inspection, reporting mechanism and filing mechanism. The timeliness of work is reflected through inspection of daily work.
6.4 Public appeal and feedback mechanism
6.4.1 Public appeal
During environmental impact assessment of the project, approaches including convening of symposium and granting of questionnaire are adopted to collect residents’ opinions. The public may express their opinions through symposium or fill out questionnaires granted by the assessment unit to express their opinions. They may initiatively ask for questionnaires to express their opinions or put forward their opinions by sending correspondences, calls, fax and emails to development organization or assessment unit; also, they may state their opinions through
Environmental Protection Bureau and Complaint Letter and Request Handling Office of Yongding District. During project construction or operation period, the public may put forward their opinions by sending correspondences, calls, fax and emails to construction unit or development organization; also, they may state their opinions through environmental protection bureau and complaint letter and request handling office of each project county (city). After receiving environmental protection complaint or rectification notice from administrative department, the environmental impact assessment unit, construction
143 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan unit or development organization shall immediately join hands with relevant departments including design department to organize visit and investigation, carry out rectification based on actual circumstances, and publicize the rectification scheme to solve disputes involving environmental protection.
6.4.2 Feedback mechanism
Mitigation measures in environmental management plan will be adjusted in a well-targeted way according to environmental monitoring report and regulatory inspection so as to further improve environmental management activities. If major deviations from contents in environmental management plan are found out during inspection, or project change results in huge adverse environmental impact, or the number of people under adverse environmental impact significantly increases, PMO will immediately consult with environmental organization and environmental assessment team established by World Bank to conduct extra environmental assessment. Extra public consulting shall be carried out when necessary. The modified environmental management plan shall also be notified to implementation organization and contractor who shall implement the modified contents.
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Chapter 7 Environmental Monitoring Plan
7.1 Purpose and principle of monitoring
The purpose of establishment of environmental monitoring plan is to supervise the implementation of each measure so as to adjust environmental protection action plan according to monitoring results and provide basis for implementation time and implementation scheme of environmental protection measures. The purpose of environmental monitoring is to comprehensively and timely master the pollution trends of proposed project, get to know the degree of change of local environmental quality due to project construction, scope of influence and environmental quality trends during project operation, and timely feedback information to the competent department so as to provide scientific basis for environmental management of the project. The environmental monitoring plan of the proposed project can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Yongding District. The entrusted party shall have monitoring qualification and shall take charge of acquiring and analyzing monitoring data, issuing environmental analysis report, and submitting the report to the entrusting unit which shall submit duplicate to the World Bank. The responsibilities of monitoring plan organization of the project are shown in Table 7-1 below.
Table 7-1 List of Responsibilities of monitoring plan organization
Implemented item Responsible unit
Local environmental monitoring station or company with monitoring qualification Acquisition of monitoring data is entrusted.
Data analysis The monitoring unit is responsible for acquiring and analyzing data.
Preparation of environmental report The monitoring unit issues an analysis report according to monitoring data.
The abovementioned monitoring plan can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Yongding District. The entrusted environmental monitoring station shall sort and analyze monitoring data implemented, issue an environmental analysis report, and submit the report to the entrusting party which shall submit a duplicate to World Bank every quarter according to monitoring plan.
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After submission of environmental analysis report, World Bank PMO of Yongding District will uniformly manage and file the report as collected material indicating Management plan environmental impact in project implementation stage for the purpose of project completion acceptance. 7.2 Monitoring organization
The management organization is recommended to entrust local environmental monitoring station or social environmental monitoring organization with monitoring qualification to execute monitoring plan. The development organization shall sign relevant monitoring contract with the monitoring unit before project implementation. Sign the contract about monitoring in the operation period with the monitoring unit prior to the delivery and operation of the project. 7.3 Environmental monitoring plan
Sensitive points with relatively obvious pollution will be determined as monitoring points according to predicted results of environmental impact. Based on pollution conditions during project implementation period, relatively significantly affected irrigation surface water body, soil, agricultural products, and organic fertilizers and pesticide applied are selected as monitoring contents. The monitoring factors are determined according to characterization factors of the project. Monitoring analysis method of relevant project of the state is adopted. National standards determined during environmental impact assessment are executed as assessment standards.
Project monitoring contents are determined according to characteristics of project and environment. See Table 7-2 for details. 1. Monitoring of irrigation surface water body (1).Point arranging principle Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up in river sections around main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land in project area, main irrigation water inlets of main canals/branch canals and small reservoir in each key reservoir level by level. Irrigation water drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet.
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(2).Monitoring time and frequency Monitoring year: the first and third year upon implementation of project. Monitoring frequency: 3 times within a year (May, July and September in case of Yongding District featuring single cropping rice）. (3). Surface water monitoring factors
6+ pH, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr , CODCr, NH3-N and TP (once only). 2. Monitoring of sediment from water sources for irrigation
(1). Monitoring point position Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all monitoring points from water sources for field irrigation matching sampling points for monitoring of irrigation surface water. One sample is collected from each monitoring site of sediment. (2). Monitoring time Once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). (3). Monitoring factors pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. 3. Monitoring of sediment in sedimentation basin (1). Monitoring point position One sample is acquired for each sedimentation basin using quartering method. (2). Monitoring time
Once every year.
(3). Monitoring factors pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. 4. Arrangement of soil monitoring points (1). Point arranging principle Typical patches on flat ground with naturally good soil conditions and relatively stable combination of elements and covering an area of 2 mu or so shall be selected from the grids as sampling patches for monitoring points with the grid method and in line with the data demand of one point per 30-50 mu in mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat
148 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan areas. Sampling patches shall neither be located near residences, ditches, dunghills, scrap heaps and grave mounds nor be located at sloping fields, marsh lands and other spots featuring supporting landscape. Moreover, sampling patches shall be situated far away from highways or railways beyond 50m, though no polluted sites shall be avoided or approached intentionally. (2). Monitoring project and frequency A. Monitoring of soil in the entire project area
① pH and available Cd: Once every year ② Total Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr: Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). ③ Organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC): Once only throughout implementation of project B. Monitoring of soil in the selected demonstration fields
In the course of implementation, two fields are selected from the project-based county
(1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single cropping rice located at high risk areas as much as possible) as the demonstration areas where soil sampling and monitoring are conducted in strict corrspondance with farm produce. ① Mornitoring factors: pH, total Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Cr and available Cd. ② Monitoring frequency: Once per crop per year, namely, on an annually basis in case of Yongding District featuring single cropping rice.
5. Heavy metal detection of agricultural products
(1).Sampling principle The sampling point of agricultural products shall be as correspondent to soil heavy metal monitoring sampling points as possible. More than five composite samples shall be acquired from every agricultural product. (2).Detection time
During sampling in crop harvest period, the detection shall be conducted once every year for single cropping rice. (3).Monitoring factors
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Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr 6. Monitoring of manure (1). Compound fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected. ② Monitoring time Once in the first year.
③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr. (2). Organic fertilizer ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected for each batch of organic fertilizer. ② Monitoring time
Each batch is monitored prior to application of organic fertilizer. ③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr, readily oxidized organic carbon and total carbon. 7. Monitoring of plant diseases and insect pests (1).Use of pesticide Record types of pesticide used in project area as well as pesticide application frequency and dosage. The monitoring frequency is once every year;
(2).Conditions of farmland ecosystem
Monitor morbidity of plant diseases and insect pests, quantity of injurious insects and quantity of natural enemies; The monitoring frequency is 4 times per year (seedling period, adult-plant period, fruiting period, and harvesting and picking period); (3).Pesticide residues of crops
Detect pesticide residues of agricultural products. More than five composite samples shall be acquired from each agricultural product with monitoring frequency of 2 times per year.
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8. Balance monitoring 2 typical project areas are selected in the project-based country and 3 typical fields are selected for each project area. Fields selected for balance monitoring shall not be subject to any restoration measures in the course of implementation of project. Soil: 1 basic sample is collected for each typical field and is monitored on an annually basis with the monitoring factors of Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Vegetation: 3～5 samples each with 5～7 roots are collected from the upper part of rice fields at maturity stage. Irrigation water: 1 composite sample is collected at every time of field irrigation of incoming water and 8 samples are collected each year. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition: to be monitored for 2 consecutive years and samples are collected once every 3 months within a year with the simple method of sedimentation vat collection.
Fertilizer: heavy metal contents in fertilizers applied to fields is counted based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring.
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Table 7-2 Project Environmental Monitoring Plan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) Farmland irrigation water source detection points are located at river sections around main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land Monitoring year: the first in project area, main and third year upon pH, Cd, Pb, irrigation water inlets implementation of the Procedural regulations As, Hg, Cr6+, Qualified Provincial Irrigation surface of main canals/branch project. regarding the environment COD , 472 169920 organization and county water Cr canals and small Monitoring frequency: 3 quality monitoring of water for NH -N and TP entrusted PMOs 3 reservoir in each key times within a year (May, agricultural use (NY/T396-2000) (once only) reservoir level by July and September in case level. Irrigation water of single cropping rice). drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet. Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all monitoring points Twice, namely, once in the pH, total Cd, from water sources for first year and once at the Sediment from Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Pb, As, Hg, Cr field irrigation end of the implementation irrigation water Environmental Monitoring 432 17280 organization and county and water matching sampling of project (for sources (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs soluble Cd. points for monitoring implementation effect of irrigation surface review). water. One sample is collected from each monitoring site of
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Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) sediment. One sample is pH, Cd, Pb, Sediment from collected from each Technical specification for soil Qualified Provincial As, Hg, Cr sedimentation sedimentation basin Once every year environmental monitoring 432 46656 organization and county and available basins with the method of (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Cd. quartering. pH and Once every year 100 181200 available Cd Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at the Total Cd, Pb, end of the implementation 300 181200 As, Hg and Cr One point per 30-50 of project (for Technical specification for soil Qualified Provincial Soil mu in mountain areas implementation effect environmental monitoring organization and county and one per 50-100 review). (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Organic matter mu in vast of flat areas and cation exchange Once only in the first year 100 30200 capacity (CEC) Two fields are selected: 1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single cropping rice Samples are collected pH, total Cd, Soil in located at high risk during harvest period and Technical specification for soil Qualified Provincial As, Pb, Hg, Cr demonstration areas as much as are monitored on an environmental monitoring 418.5 100440 organization and county and available fields possible. One point annually basis in case of (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Cd per 30-50 mu in single cropping rice. mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat areas Agricultural Cd, Pb, As, Product sampling Samples are collected National food safety standard: Qualified Provincial 352 637824 products Hg and Cr points shall match during harvest period and Determination of cadmium in foods organization and county
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Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) sampling points for are monitored per crop per (GB 5009.15-2014); National food entrusted PMOs monitoring of soil year on an annually basis safety standard: Determination of lead heavy metals as much in case of single cropping in foods (GB 5009.12-2010); National as possible and more rice. food safety standard: Determination than 5 composite of total mercury and organic-mercury samples shall be in foods (GB 5009.17-2014); National collected for each food safety standard: Determination sample of chromium in foods (GB 5009.123-2014); National food safety standard: Determination of total arsenic and abio-arsenic in foods (GB 5009.11-2014); Monitoring of Qualified Provincial compound Cd, Pb, As, 3 samples are Once only in the first year / 500 1500 organization and county fertilizer and Hg and Cr collected entrusted PMOs phosphate fertilizer Cadmium content in organic fertilizer shall be limited below 1 mg/kg and the proportion of readily oxidizable organic 3 samples are carbon content in total carbon Qualified Provincial Monitoring of Cd, Pb, As, collected for each Twice per year content shall not exceed 15%. 500 18000 organization and county organic fertilizer Hg and Cr batch of fertilizer For other restrains, refer to the entrusted PMOs standard of organic fertilizer from the Ministry of Agriculture - Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012) Types, frequency Monitoring of crops Type, frequency and National Standards for Food Monitoring of and dosage of and pesticide residues dosage of pesticide used, Qualified Provincial Safety - Maximum Residue plant diseases and pesticide; in agricultural morbidity of plant diseases / 30000 organization and county Limits for Pesticides in Food insect pests morbidity of products shall be and insect pests, quantity entrusted PMOs (GB2763-2014); plant diseases made a key to each of injurious insects and
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Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) and insect pests, project area with more natural enemies are quantity of than five composite monitored on an annually injurious insects samples being basis. Pesticide residues in and quantity of collected for each agricultural products are natural enemies; farm product sample. monitored once per crop output of per year. agricultural products and pesticide residues 2 typical project areas 1 basic sample is collected are selected and 3 Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Soil: Cd, As, for each typical field and is typical fields are Environmental Monitoring 300 10800 organization and county Pb, Hg and Cr monitored on an annually selected for each (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs basis project area. Each sample with 5-7 3-5 samples are collected Vegetation: Qualified Provincial roots is collected from on an annually basis in Cd, As, Pb, Hg / 352 10560 organization and county the upper part of rice case of single cropping and Cr entrusted PMOs fields at maturity stage rice. Irrigation 1 composite sample is Technical Specification for Balance water: Ph, Cd, Qualified Provincial collected at every time 8 samples are collected Environmental Quality monitoring Pb, As, Hg, 472 22656 organization and county of field irrigation of each year Monitoring of Argricultural Cr6+, COD , entrusted PMOs Cr incoming water Water Source (NY/T396-2000) NH3-N and TP Technical Specification for Automatic Monitoring of To be monitored for 2 Environmental Air Quality (HJ/T Atmospheric Two points in total, consecutive years and Qualified Provincial 193-2005) dry and wet one for each typical samples are collected once 600 9600 organization and county Specification for Monitoring of deposition project area every 3 months within a entrusted PMOs Environmental Air Quality (No.4 year Notice of the State Environmental Protection
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Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) Administration in 2007) Qualified Provincial Fertilizer Based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring / / organization and county entrusted PMOs 1,467,800 Subtotal Yuan 234,800 Sampling cost and miscellaneous Yuan 1,702,600 Total monitoring costs Yuan
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7.4 Monitoring report system
The monitoring unit shall submit a formal monitoring report after end of each monitoring task and submit it to relevant departments level by level as per procedure. Quarterly report and annual report shall be provided during operation period. Upon occurrence of sudden accidents, they must be immediately reported. The monitoring report procedure of this project is shown in Figure 7-1 below.
Environmental Project management
Protection Department organization
of Hunan Province
Environmental Protection Environmental Protection Environmental monitoring
Bureau of Zhangjiajie City Bureau of Yongding organization
District DCounty Figure 7-1 Diagram of monitoring report procedure
157 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 8 Capacity Building
8.1 Environmental management training
8.1.1 Training purpose
The purpose of environmental management training is to ensure smooth and effective launch of environmental management work of Yongding District, enable relevant personnel to be familiar with contents and procedures of environmental management, improve environmental management capacity of environmental management personnel and ensure effective implementation of each environmental protection measure. The main object of environmental capacity building is environmental managers. Training of environmental managers is a constituent part of technical support of the project. During the implementation of project, the training courses also train construction party and workers. Before commencement of project construction, all construction units and operation units are required to participate in mandatory environment, health and safety training.
8.1.2 Training objects
Training objects include all members of environmental management offices in each level (provincial, municipal and county-level), project owner, representatives of environmental monitoring organization, main construction party, project point implementation organization, representatives of planting households, etc..
8.1.3 Training contents
1. Mastery and application of environmental policies of World Bank and domestic environmental protection laws and regulations as well as environmental standards;
2. Environmental management model of loan project of World Bank and environmental terms in loan agreement;
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3. Project environmental management plan; 4. Project environmental management provisions; 5. Responsibilities and mutual relations of environmental management personnel, environmental monitoring personnel and contractor; 6. Environmental management work report and environmental monitoring report.
8.2 Environmental management training plan and fund
The capital used for training of environmental management plan during construction period of “Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan” is tentatively listed in project budget, while training capital during operation period of this project is listed in operation and maintenance cost.
Table 8-1 Table of capacity building and training plan Unit Amount Construction No. Unit Qty price (10,000 Remark content (Yuan) Yuan) Project 1 management 157.20 capacity training Person/ Such work is uniformly 1.1 Domestic survey 6 18000 10.80 implemented by provincial PMO. month The training refers to domestic Person/ and foreign training mainly about 1.2 Domestic training 52 12000 62.40 month risk-based land management, monitoring of agricultural environment, prevention of pollution, policy execution and compliance. The training objects are provincial and county-level Person/ agriculture, environmental 1.3 Technical assistance 28 30000 84.00 month protection and land and resources departments, development and reform commissions, financial departments and government officials recommended by other organizations. Project knowledge 2 publicity and 470.07 training
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Project information disclosure and Information 2.1 29.49 publicity and granting of relevant spreading data Person/ Farmer training in project areas 2.2 Farmer training 6000 734 440.58 month Formulation of soil environmental 3 Item 6 50000 30.00 protection action plan
160 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 9 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan
9.1 Information communication
The environmental management requests necessary information communication among different departments and posts of PMO, project construction unit and project implementation organization within the organization. Meanwhile, relevant information shall be notified to outside (related parties, social public, etc.). Internal information communication can be carried out by various means such as meeting and internal briefing. However, a formal meeting shall be convened once every month. All communicated information shall be recorded and archived. External information communication shall be conducted once every half a year or every year. Information communication with collaborative units shall form minutes and shall be archived.
9.2 Recording mechanism
In order to realize effective operation of environmental management system, the organization must establish a complete recording system and preserves the records involving the following aspects: (1) Statutory and regulatory requirements;
(2) Permission; (3) Environmental factors and related environmental impacts; (4) Training; (5) Inspection, checking and maintenance activities; (6) Monitoring data; (7) Effectiveness of corrective and preventive measures;
(8) Information of related parties; (9) Audit; (10) Review
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Besides, it is also required to conduct necessary control over various records mentioned above, including identification, collection, cataloguing, filing, storage, management, maintenance, query, preservation term and disposal of records.
9.3 Reporting mechanism
During project implementation, project construction unit, project implementation organization, monitoring unit and PMO shall record project progress, EMP execution conditions and environmental monitoring results and timely report to relevant departments. Contents of the following six parts are mainly included: (1) The project implementation organization and project construction unit shall record project progress and EMP execution conditions in detail on a quarterly basis, timely submit the quarterly report to each PMO, and meanwhile copy the quarterly report to Environmental Protection Bureau of Yongding District.
(2) After completing entrusted monitoring tasks, the monitoring unit shall timely submit the monitoring report to PMO and meanwhile copy it to Environmental Protection Bureau of Yongding District. (3) PMO of Yongding District shall timely submit project progress report to provincial PMO and meanwhile copy to Environmental Protection Department of Hunan Province. The project progress report (e.g. monthly report, quarterly report and annual report) must include contents of EMP progress, e.g. execution progress and effect of EMP and especially environmental monitoring results. (4) The annual EMP execution report of the project must be completed and submitted to the World Bank before March 31 next year. EMP execution report may include the following main contents: a. Implementation conditions of training plan; b. Condition of project progress;
c. Execution conditions of environmental protection measures of the project, launching conditions of environmental monitoring and main monitoring results;
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d. Check if there are public complaints. If a complaint occurs, the main contents of the complaint, solution and degree of satisfaction of the public shall be recorded; e. EMP execution plan in next year
9.4 Document management
During implementation of Environmental Management Plan, the World Bank, leading committee of the project and provincial PMO as well as town project leading team, town PMO, environmental impact assessment unit and construction unit shall manage relevant documents. The details are shown in Table 9-1 below.
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Table 9-1 Document management requirements of each organization Name of organization Document management ①Construction unit 1. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction every week and submit to county PMO; 2. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction and submit to county PMO upon emergency and sudden condition; 3. Complete rectification within 3 working days (within 10 working days if coordination of management organization is needed) and file documents after receiving notice of rectification. ②Unit with construction project 1. Prepare contents of Environmental Management Plan environmental impact assessment and file first draft, draft for review and approved draft. qualification certificate ③County (district) PMO 1. Properly record, sort and file complained contents during project construction and operation; 2. Record conditions reported by construction unit every quarter and submit relevant report (statement) to provincial PMO; 3. Sign for site checklist of construction unit and verify and file environmental sensitive problems; 4. Manage and file notice of rectification reported. ④ Provincial leading committee 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation and filing of and provincial PMO Environmental Management Plan; 2. Record conditions reported by leading team and PMO in each project point every half a year and submit relevant report to the World Bank for filing; 3. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems and record and file specific measure conditions. ⑤World Bank 1. Record and file conditions reported by provincial project leading team and PMO every half a year.
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Chapter 10 Process of Public Participation
10.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment
10.1.1 Purpose of public participation and identification of stakeholders
10.1.1.1 Purpose of public participation
Public participation and information disclosure form a two-way communication between project owner and the public through environmental impact assessment work. They are an important constituent part of environmental impact assessment of the construction project and they are crucial for improvement of decision-making. The purposes of public participation and information disclosure include: Release project related information to project region and people paying attention to construction of this project; enable the public to get to know the main conditions, construction and operation characteristics of the project as well as major environmental problems related to the project; help assessment personnel find the problems and confirm that all major environmental problems resulting from the project are already analyzed and evaluated in environmental management plan; confirm feasibility of environmental protection measures as well as carry out and implement optimized measure schemes. Public consulting has emphasized on the importance of connection and communication between parties involved in the project and the public. It can directly reflect the public opinions and enable the decision-making department to timely spot potential problems and timely modify and perfect design scheme so as to fundamentally solve the problems complained by the public, gradually make project planning, design, environmental monitoring and management more complete and reasonable and strive to obtain optimized unification in terms of environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits.
165 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 10.1.1.2 Identification of stakeholders
According to assistance objectives of World Bank, all directly or indirectly benefited or damaged individuals and organizations within the project affected regions are all stakeholders of the project. According to feasibility study report, farmland pollution in project areas is administered by adopting measures such as agricultural improvement, land remediation and supporting of rural cooperative. The main stakeholders involved mainly include: (1) Farmer households in project areas: Farmer households in project areas are the directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal contamination administration will have an influence on land use and agricultural measures. (2) Agricultural cooperatives: Agricultural cooperatives in project areas are also directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal contamination administration will have an influence on their management and cultivation model to different extents. (3) Relevant departments of the government: Farmland pollution administration involves relevant departments such as agricultural department, environmental protection department and water conservancy department. In this part, appeals and expectations of farmer households, agricultural cooperatives and relevant departments of the government in project areas for the project are intensively analyzed. 10.1.2 Negotiation methods and contents
According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of public negotiation and information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of environmental problems and before
166 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage when the first draft of environmental impact assessment report is completed. Besides, public participation and information disclosure will also be continuously carried out during project implementation.
10.1.2.1 Negotiation methods
Methods for public participation negotiation mainly include: (1) Convening of symposiums in project areas; (2) Visit some people in project areas; (3) Carry out public opinion census in form of questionnaire survey; (4) NGO: Forms including convening of symposium or telephone interview are adopted.
10.1.2.2 Negotiation contents
Contents of symposiums and interviews with the masses: In a symposium, construction conditions of this project as well as main contents involving environmental protection are mainly introduced to participants and participants’ ideas and suggestions on project construction and environmental protection are heard. 10.1.3 Public participation investigation
10.1.3.1 First round of public investigation activities
Table 10-1 First round of public investigation activities
Time Form Place Negotiation object Content
Relevant competent Get to know basic conditions of local industrial and departments of mining enterprises involving heavy metal, get to Agricultural Septem government of know water quality of local irrigation water Symp Bureau of ber Yongding District in source-Lishui River, get to know status quo of safety osium Yongding 2015 charge of of local agricultural products, local farm manure and District environmental chemical fertilizer application status and listen to the protection, water opinions of relevant competent departments of the
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Time Form Place Negotiation object Content
conservancy, animal government on the project. husbandry, security and quality supervision Agricultural Competent Get to know the status quo of local agriculture, Novem Symp Bureau of agricultural consult with the local conditions of the project. and ber osium Yongding department of listen to the opinions of competent agricultural 2015 District Yongding District department on the project. Postin Novem g of Project Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of ber annou Local residents district government 2015 nceme nt
On-the-spot photos of the first round of public investigation activities:
b. Symposium of Agricultural Bureau of Yongding a. Symposium of relevant competent departments of District Yongding District Government
c. Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of government
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Table 10-2 Second round of public investigation activities Negotiation Time Form Place Content object Zhuangjiayu Village, Get to know the status quo of local January Xixiping Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Town, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Taiping Village, Get to know the status quo of local January Luotaping Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Township, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Wentang Village, Get to know the status quo of local Maoyanhe agriculture and consult with the local Town, January Local conditions of the project. Local residents Symposium Yongding 2016 residents show that they have previous related District （ used experience and show high positivity to the to be called project implementation. Wentang Town） Bajiahe Village, Get to know the status quo of local January Houping Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Town, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Fengxianggang Township, Get to know the status quo of local January Fengxianggang Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Village, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Wujiazui Village, Get to know the status quo of local January Yanghuping Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Town, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Carry out site survey to get to know the status quo of local agriculture and get to January Project Local Interview know planting structure, irrigation facilities 2016 district residents and application conditions of agriculture fertilizers and pesticide. January Posting Project Local Posting of project announcement in 2016 announcement district residents bulletin board of government January Project Local Give out questionnaires to investigate the Questionnaires 2016 district residents opinions of local residents on the project.
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On-the-spot photos of the second round of public investigation activities:
a. Symposium of Zhuangjiayu Village, Xixiping Town, b. Symposium of Maoyanhe Town, Yongding District Yongding District （used to be called Wentang Town）Wentang Village, Yongding District
c. Symposium of Luotaping Township, Taiping Village, d Symposium of Bajiahe Village, Houping Town, Yongding District Yongding District
e. Posting of project announcement in Village f. Posting of project announcement in Village Committee bulletin board of Bajiahe Village, Houping Committee bulletin board of Fengxianggang Village, Town, Yongding District Fengxianggang Township, , Yongding District
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h. Posting of project announcement in Village g. Posting of project announcement in Village Committee bulletin board of Yangchi Village, Committee bulletin board of Fengxianggang Township, Yanghuping Town, Yongding District Qingyutan Village, Yongding District
i. Posting of project announcement in Village j. Posting of project announcement in Village Committee bulletin board of Wentang Village, Committee bulletin board of Luotaping Township, Maoyanhe Town, Yongding District（used to be called Taiping Village, Yongding District Wentang Town）
k. Farmland irrigation channel of Bajiahe Village, l. Farmland of Wuxi Village, Houping Town, Yongding Houping Town, Yongding District District
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n. Farmland of Luotaping Township, Taiping Village, m. Farmland of Wentang Village, Maoyanhe Town, Yongding District Yongding District（used to be called Wentang Town）
o. Farmland of Bajiahe Village, Houping Town p. Farmland of Fengxianggang Village, Fengxianggang Yongding District Township, Yongding District
q. Farmland irrigation channel of Wentang Village, Maoyanhe Town, Yongding District（used to be called Wentang Town）
10.1.3.3 Public participation questionnaire
In order to listen to the ideas and suggestions of people affected by the project on
172 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan project construction and environmental protection, questionnaires are given out to relevant personnel in project areas including major agricultural planting households, individual planting households, village cadres, other farmers and enterprise employees. Applicable questionnaire shall be designed according to project characteristics. There are 50 questionnaires in total. The statistics of basic information of the respondents are shown in Table 10-3. The results of questionnaire survey are shown in Table 10-4. The statistical data in the statistical table of basic information of respondents indicates that the ratio of female respondents takes up 24% and the ratio of respondents aged 41-60 takes up 62%, thus relatively favorably representing the basic features of affected people. The questionnaires filled out by these personnel can basically reflect the actual conditions and ideas of these groups. Statistics of each question raised in the questionnaire are gathered and relevant analysis is conducted. See Table 10-4 for details.
Table 10-3 Statistical table of basic information of respondents involved in public opinion
questionnaire of environmental impact assessment Sex Age Education Above Senior Junior Primar Fem Above Male 18~40 41~60 junior high high y ale 60 college school school school Number of 38 12 8 31 11 1 3 26 20 persons (person) Ratio (%) 76 24 16 62 22 2 6 52 40
Table 10-4 List of statistical results and analysis of public opinion questionnaire of environmental
impact assessment No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons Yes 27 54 7% of respondents do not understand project conditions, Do you understand this Heard of before 20 40 1 indicating that the publicity project? No idea 3 6 efforts of the project shall be reinforced. Bulletin board 25 50 50% of respondents get to know How do you get to know TV/newspaper/network 5 10 the project from the bulletin 2 information of this Local residents 12 24 board, indicating that the project? announcement of the project has Other approaches 8 16 already become effective. What attitude do you Approve 50 100 No one disagrees on project 3 adopt towards this Disapprove 0 0 construction. project? No idea 0 0 What’s your opinion on Reasonable 50 100 No one thinks that the project site 4 site selection of the Unreasonable 0 0 selection is unreasonable. project? No idea 0 0
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No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons What kind of influence Promoting effect 50 100 of project construction Obstructing effect 0 0 No one thinks that project 5 will be imposed on local No influence 0 0 construction will obstruct economic development development of local economy. in your opinion? No idea 0 0 Which aspect of project Water environment 22 44 About half number of construction will be Atmospheric environment 2 4 respondents thinks that the 6 under most influence of Ecological environment 8 16 project has the biggest influence project construction in on water environment. your opinion? Others 18 36 Reduction of agricultural 38 76 soil pollution What are the main Improvement of Most respondents think that environmental benefits farm-oriented irrigation 6 12 reduction of pollution is the 7 of this project in your quality major environmental benefit of opinion? Improvement of quality this project. and safety of agricultural 6 12 products What is the biggest Improvement of income 3 6 influence on the interests Environmental 42 84 Most respondents think that the of yourself and local improvement 8 implementation of the project residents after will improve local environment. construction of this Food safety 5 10 project Satisfied 33 66 42% of respondents are dissatisfied with current local Are you satisfied with Dissatisfied 17 34 environmental quality, indicating 9 status quo of local relatively serious environmental environmental quality? No idea 10 20 problems in project implementation area. Water pollution 30 60 50% of respondents think that the What is the major local Atmospheric pollution 4 8 local water pollution is the major 10 environmental problem Noise 1 2 problem, while the construction in your opinion? of this project will improve local Ecological destruction 15 30 water environment. Heavy metal Most respondents think that 30 60 contamination heavy metal contamination and What is the major excessive fertilizer application is environmental problem Pesticide pollution 6 12 11 the largest land environment existing in cultivated Excessive fertilizer 10 20 problem at present, indicating land at present? application that the construction contents of Others 4 8 this project are well-targeted. What is the problem you Agricultural soil pollution 15 30 want to solve most in Production technologies 21 42 The project will effectively 12 current agricultural Product sales 11 22 realize this objective. production? Others 3 6 Improved 27 54 54% of respondents thinks that What change will take the improvement of project will place to the yield of Reduced 1 2 improve the yield. Safeguarding 13 grain crops after Unchanged 20 40 of grain yield of farmers is the implementation of the key to ensure smooth project project? No idea 2 4 implementation. What change will take Improved 50 100 The respondents think the place to the quality of Reduced 0 0 implementation of the project 14 agricultural products will improve quality and safety of after implementation of Unchanged 0 0 agricultural products. the project? Relatively complete 15 30 Only 30% of respondents think How about your opinion Relatively simple and that the local agriculture and on local agriculture and 33 66 water conservancy facilities are 15 crude water conservancy relatively completed, indicating irrigation facilities? No irrigation facility 2 4 relatively weak local irrigation facilities. 16 Do you already master Fully mastered 16 32 Most respondents think that they
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No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons various related skills for Probably learned 20 40 basically master related skills for construction and construction and maintenance of maintenance of field field irrigation system but there irrigation system? Not mastered 14 28 are still some respondents failing to master such skills. Are you willing to Yes 42 84 Most respondents are willing to participate in the whole No 0 0 take part in the whole process of process of project design, construction and design, construction and 17 implementation of field irrigation implementation if field system, indicating relatively high irrigation system is No idea 8 16 degree of concern of locals for designed and constructed irrigation system. locally? No 12 24 17% of respondents totally fail to Have you ever receive agricultural training. participated in training 1-2 times 10 20 18 Therefore, relevant training shall on agricultural 3-5 times 13 26 be strengthened during project knowledge? Above 5 times 15 30 construction. Fully manual planting 7 14 Most respondents adopt planting Manual planting + method of manual planting + Limited agricultural 37 74 limited agricultural machinery or What is your crop machinery 19 total manual planting, indicating planting method? Agricultural machinery + 5 10 relatively weak agricultural Limited manual planting machinery construction at Fully agricultural 1 2 present. machinery Farm manure 6 12 Application of compound and Compound fertilizer and trace fertilizers takes up 35%, 15 30 trace fertilizer application of testing soil for formulated fertilization takes up Types of chemical Testing soil for 20 8 16 15%, indicating that certain fertilizers applied by you formulated fertilization foundation of testing soil for formulated fertilization in local Mixed fertilization 21 42 place. It is relatively beneficiary to implementation of the project. Recommended by 14 28 agricultural technical staff About half number of Recommended by dealers 12 24 How do you choose respondents selects chemical Based on experience (or 21 chemical fertilizers and fertilizers and pesticide based on recommended by 22 44 pesticide? experience (or recommendation neighbors) by neighbors). Based on labels 2 4 (advertisements) Pesticide store 43 86 How do you acquire Most respondents purchase Direct sales from 22 chemical fertilizers and 6 12 chemical fertilizers and pesticide manufacturer pesticide? in pesticide stores. Itinerant vendor 1 2 Ask those who used chemical fertilizers 9 18 Most respondents determine What is the basis guiding before. usage of chemical fertilizers by 23 your usage of chemical Based on experience 20 40 learning from others or based on fertilizers at present? Label instructions 7 14 previous experience. Guidance by agricultural 14 28 technical staff Based on experience 12 24 About half number of How do you determine Label instructions 15 30 respondents determines using using frequency of Guidance by agricultural frequency of chemical fertilizers 24 20 40 chemical fertilizers and technical staff and pesticide according to pesticide? guidance of agricultural technical Recommended by dealers 3 6 staff. How about the frequency 1-2 times 11 22 The proportion of pesticide 25 of use of pesticide in 3-4 times 27 54 application frequency of 5-6 is each round of crop 5-6 times 10 20 20%, shows that the pesticide
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No. of No. Investigation content Option Ratio % Analysis and conclusion persons planting? application amount is relatively large and plant diseases and Above 6 times 2 4 insect pests are relatively serious in the project. Hand-operated sprayer 21 42 Knapsack sprayer 28 56 Most respondents use How do you spray 26 hand-operated and knapsack pesticide? Power sprayer 1 2 Unified prevention and sprayers. 0 0 control company Publicity and education 13 26 Which work shall be Training 22 44 Most respondents think that mainly strengthened in Organization and publicity, education and relevant the next step in order to 27 implementation of training shall be strengthened, ensure successful 5 10 monitoring and which is also a highlight in the implementation of the early-stage work of the project. project? assessment Others 10 20 What are your opinions Main opinions and suggestions: It is expected that the project can be implemented as and suggestions on soon as possible with guaranteed quality and quantity. Meanwhile, environmental 28 project construction and protection work shall be properly conducted. The normal lives of surrounding people environmental protection shall not be affected during construction period. work? What are difficulties and Main difficulties and hopes: It is expected that the project would have relatively good hopes during continuity and the economic subsidy can be improved in a proper manner; project 29 implementation and publicity shall be enhanced to enable more people to get involved in the project as construction of the well as play a demonstrative role for local agricultural development through favorable project? implementation effect. 10.1.4 Information disclosure and feedback
10.1.4.1 Site announcement
Site announcement refers to posting of paper announcement in bulletin boards of township governments and village committees where the project is implemented as other densely-populated areas.
10.1.4.2 Contents of announcement
According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of environmental problems and before final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage
176 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan when the first draft of environmental impact assessment report is completed. Contents of announcement are shown as follows: ①Overview of construction project ②Work procedures and main contents of assessment; ③Scope of solicitation of public opinions and main matters; ④Specific solicitation of public opinions; ⑤Method and term for the public to check abridged edition of environmental management plan (Chinese version); ⑥Starting and ending dates for the public to put forward their opinions; ⑦Contact information, including mailing addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax number, contact persons, emails, etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization 10.1.5 Summarization of opinions and feedbacks of public participation
Table 10-5 Summary sheet of opinions and feedbacks of public participation
Public opinions Corresponding feedbacks in environmental management plan
Land leveling and digestion are carried out locally upon muck excavation of 1. About control of construction project points; the household garbage of construction personnel are centrally garbage collected on the construction site and timely cleared and transported.
2. About project implementation PMO is responsible for uniformly establishing scheme and organize training of effect agricultural technical service providers and field schools.
Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up at the main irrigation
water inlet of cultivated land in project area to detect the water quality of irrigation 3. About water pollution problems water source during key water demand period of grain planting so as to ensure
provision of basis for safety of irrigation water quality.
Liming personnel shall properly conduct protection work and properly wear 4. Safety management and protective clothes and masks during application of quick lime to ensure safety of personnel’s health issues personnel and seedlings.
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After the annual detection results of agricultural products are presented during project implementation, the county will hold a public participation site investigation meeting. The basic conditions of project and detection results of agricultural products are notified to relevant farmer households and rural cooperatives. If the heavy metal content of agricultural products exceeds the standard, such agricultural products will be uniformly acquired and safely disclosed in unified accordance with subsidy policy formulated in the project implementation scheme. Meanwhile, the opinions and suggestions of stakeholders including farmer households and rural cooperatives in project areas are collected and relevant countermeasures or measures shall be adopted based on such opinions and suggestions. Improvement will be made in the subsequent implementation of the project. 10.1.7 Brief summary of public participation
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Table 10-6 Summary sheet of public participation Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation Understand the basic status of local industrial and mining enterprises, Relevant understand the water competent quality status of Lishui departments of river as the local government of irrigation water source, Yongding District The water quality of understand the current in charge of local irrigation water Agricultural safety status of local September Bureau of environmental source is already Symposium agricultural products, 2015 Yongding protection, water controlled and the understand the District conservancy, project demand can application status of animal be satisfied. local farmyard manure husbandry, and chemical fertilizer security and and listen to the quality opinions of related supervision competent government department about the project Understand the current Play a demonstrative Agriculture status of local role for local Agricultural competent agriculture, consult the agricultural November Bureau of departments of project circumstance in Symposium development through 2015 Yongding government of the local place and listen favorable District Yongding to the opinions of implementation District agricultural authorities effect. about the project. Understand the current status of local agriculture, and consult Properly adopt Zhuangjiayu the project circumstance relevant measures Village, in the local place. Local and avoid influencing January Symposium Xixiping Town, Local residents residents express that on normal lives of 2016 Yongding they have similar surrounding people District experience previously during construction and show a high period. positivity to the project implementation.
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Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation Understand the current status of local agriculture, and consult Properly adopt Taiping Village, the project circumstance relevant measures Luotaping in the local place. Local and avoid influencing January Symposium Township, Local residents residents express that on normal lives of 2016 Yongding they have similar surrounding people District experience previously during construction and show a high period. positivity to the project implementation. Understand the current status of local Wentang agriculture, and consult Properly adopt Village, the project circumstance relevant measures Maoyanhe in the local place. Local and avoid influencing January Symposium Town, Yongding Local residents residents express that on normal lives of 2016 District（used to they have similar surrounding people be called experience previously during construction Wentang Town） and show a high period. positivity to the project implementation. Understand the current status of local agriculture, and consult Properly adopt the project circumstance relevant measures Bajiahe Village, in the local place. Local and avoid influencing January Houping Town, Symposium Local residents residents express that on normal lives of 2016 Yongding they have similar surrounding people District experience previously during construction and show a high period. positivity to the project implementation. Properly adopt Fengxianggang Understand the current relevant measures Township, status of local and avoid influencing January Fengxianggang Symposium Local residents agriculture, and consult on normal lives of 2016 Village, the project circumstance surrounding people Yongding in the local place. during construction District period. Properly adopt Wujiazui Understand the current relevant measures Village, status of local and avoid influencing January Symposium Yanghuping Local residents agriculture, and consult on normal lives of 2016 Town, Yongding the project circumstance surrounding people District in the local place. during construction period.
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Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up at the main Make site survey of irrigation water inlet local agricultural status. of cultivated land in Understand the planting project area to detect January structure and irrigation the water quality of Interview Project district Local residents 2016 facility as well as the irrigation water application status of source during key farmyard manure and water demand period chemical fertilizer. of grain planting so as to ensure provision of basis for safety of irrigation water quality.
Table 10-7 Summary sheet of information disclosure Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure Zhuangjiayu Overview and main contents of construction Village, project; scope of public participation and main matters; contact information including mailing January Xixiping Posting of Agricultural addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax 2016 announcement Bureau of County Town, number, contact persons, emails, etc. of Yongding development organization and environmental District impact assessment organization Taiping Overview and main contents of construction Village, project; scope of public participation and main matters; contact information including mailing January Luotaping Posting of Agricultural addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax 2016 announcement Bureau of County Township, number, contact persons, emails, etc. of Yongding development organization and environmental District impact assessment organization Wentang Village, Overview and main contents of construction Maoyanhe project; scope of public participation and main Town, matters; contact information including mailing January Posting of Agricultural Yongding addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax 2016 announcement Bureau of County District（used number, contact persons, emails, etc. of development organization and environmental to be called impact assessment organization Wentang Town） Bajiahe Overview and main contents of construction Village, project; scope of public participation and main January Posting of matters; contact information including mailing Agricultural Houping 2016 announcement addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax Bureau of County Town, number, contact persons, emails, etc. of Yongding development organization and environmental
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Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure District impact assessment organization
Fengxianggang Overview and main contents of construction Township, project; scope of public participation and main matters; contact information including mailing January Fengxianggang Posting of Agricultural addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax 2016 announcement Bureau of County Village, number, contact persons, emails, etc. of Yongding development organization and environmental District impact assessment organization Wujiazui Overview and main contents of construction Village, project; scope of public participation and main matters; contact information including mailing January Yanghuping Posting of Agricultural addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax 2016 announcement Bureau of County Town, number, contact persons, emails, etc. of Yongding development organization and environmental District impact assessment organization
Approaches such as convening of symposium, interview, granting of questionnaires and site announcement are adopted to get to know the opinions and suggestions of the public. The information collected through various approaches is utilized to enable the public in the project areas to generally get to know the conditions of this project, properly conduct environmental protection work and make the project to generate social, environment and economic benefits as early as possible.
10.2 Public participation of social impact assessment
10.2.1 Purpose of public participation and identification of stakeholders
10.2.1.1 Purpose of public participation
The purposes of public participation of social assessment are to identify main stakeholders and their demands as well as opportunities and risks brought by project construction and operation to stakeholders, help the perfection of project design and implementation through formulation of action plans to avoid or mitigate social risks, and enable individuals and groups most directly influenced by the project activities to support and effectively participate in the project activities.
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According to assistance objectives of World Bank, all directly or indirectly benefited or damaged individuals and organizations within areas influenced by project are all stakeholders of the project. According to the feasibility study report, farmland pollution administration in project areas is realized through adoption of measures such as agricultural improvement, land remediation, establishment of monitoring station and supporting of rural cooperatives. Main stakeholders involved include five categories: (1) Farmer households in project areas: Farmer households in project areas are the directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal contamination administration will have an influence on land use and agricultural measures; (2) Agricultural cooperatives: Agricultural cooperatives in project areas are also directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal contamination administration will have an influence on their management and cultivation model to different extents; (3) Village committees in project villages: Village committees in project villages are the basic-level execution subjects of farmland pollution administration; (4) Relevant departments of the government: Farmland pollution administration involves relevant departments such as agricultural department, environmental protection department and ethnic religion bureau;
(5) Disadvantaged groups: Mainly refer to ethnic minorities, women and impoverished household. Appeals and expectations of farmer households in project areas, rural cooperatives, project village committees and relevant departments of the government for the project are intensively analyzed in this part. As for analysis of disadvantaged groups, analysis of ethnic minorities, analysis of sex and analysis of poverty are separately carried out in the subsequent chapter.
183 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 10.2.2 Negotiation method and contents
Participatory social assessment method is adopted for the whole social assessment negotiation process, including structure interview, group interview, participatory scoring and sorting, matrix analysis of project impact, survey of community resources and mapping of resource chart to ensure that different interest groups and different types of farmer households in the project villages are able to participate in project in a voluntary, equal and active way. The assessment team selects different investigation groups and launch county-level cadre symposium participated by relevant functional departments of the county government including agricultural bureau, environmental protection bureau, animal husbandry bureau, poverty relief office, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, ethnic religion bureau, human resources and social security bureau, land and resources bureau and demolition and relocation office; the assessment team launches countryside level cadre symposium participated by technicians of agricultural station, main principals of township and directors of village committees of project villages in project towns; the assessment team launches villager group symposiums in project villages, including impoverished resident symposium, women symposium, villager in-depth symposium and granting of questionnaire. 10.2.3 Public participation in investigation
Investigation stages and steps:
Stage 1: Questionnaire survey and convening of township/county-level symposium (August 2015). In stage 1, since the farmer households are still not very familiar with the project, questionnaire survey concerning their willingness is mainly conducted. Stage 2 is village in-depth investigation stage (December 2015). After relevant government departments conduct further publicity and farmer households have a clear understanding of specific design scheme of the project, the social assessment team plans to conduct in-depth investigation of proposed project villagers. To be specific, the social assessment team will select two typical project villages from each project county to hold villager representative symposium, rural women symposium and impoverished household
184 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan symposium as well as select typical villagers to carry out in-depth individual interviews. 10.2.4 Public participation in each project stage
10.2.4.1 Participation of stakeholders in project preparation stage
The social assessment team has launched a series of project publicity activities and mobilized main stakeholders to participate in project decision-making activities within the areas affected by the project. The participation of each stakeholder in project is launched in three levels: (1) Official symposium The assessment team convenes symposium participated by PMO officials in each level and relevant governmental departments to learn and collect: ①Status quo of implementation of projects approved locally and assessment of such projects; ②Risk analysis of project and discussion of countermeasures to lower risks; ③Suggestions on how to improve project effect; ④ Problems existing in each approved project; ⑤ Estimation of influence from project implementation; ⑥Collect all relevant literature data and statistical annual statement of three levels, province, county and township. (2) Project farmer household and agricultural cooperative symposium The assessment team shall convene symposium with owner of each sub-project. Themes of symposium: ①Background and process of project approval; get to know status quo of project implementation and its assessment; ②Project design process; ③Problems existing in project; ④Suggestions on improvement of project effect and avoidance of risks;
⑤Collect filing data of the project owner concerning project; ⑥Select investigation points. (3) “Unlimited pre-informed participation” of main stakeholders The assessment team has launched unlimited pre-informed participation in main stakeholders of the project. During site work of each sub-project, the assessment team has selected different investigation points to cover main stakeholders under different project influences. The assessment team has launched unlimited pre-informed participation in
185 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan relevant stakeholders. During site work, the assessment team has selected different investigation points and launch county-level cadre symposium participated by relevant functional departments of the county government including agricultural bureau, environmental protection bureau, animal husbandry bureau, poverty relief office, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, ethnic religion bureau, human resources and social security bureau, land and resources bureau and demolition and relocation office; the assessment team launches countryside cadre symposium participated by technicians of agricultural station, main principals of township and directors of village committees of project villages in project towns; the assessment team launches villager group symposiums in project villages, including impoverished resident symposium, women symposium, villager in-depth symposium and granting of questionnaire.
10.2.4.2 Participation of stakeholders in project implementation stage
Project construction requests the convening of stakeholders including all members of village, village committee, project owner, PMO, and village project management team to participate in project construction and monitoring in forms of village congress, villager representative congress and village project management team meeting.
Table 10-7 Outline of participation of main stakeholders in project construction stage Participati Contents of activity Method of activity Each participant on activity ①Village congress ② Village/villager Determine members of the team, elect person representative congress ① All members of Village in charge of the team, execute organization ③ Village project village project training, select and manage personnel involved management team ②Village committee organizatio in project construction, maintain social meeting (including ③Project owner n security in construction place, coordinate the representatives of ④ manageme PMO relationships with each party and reflect special groups including nt team ⑤ Village project villagers’ opinions. impoverished households, migrants, management team ethnic minorities and women) ① Determine establishment method of ① Members professional agricultural organization, participating in introduction method of social capital and ① Village plenary construction include method of farmland soil remediation; meeting Project migrants, ethnic ② Determine jobs available during project ②Village representative constructio minorities, women construction; congress n and impoverished ③Determine selection standards of personnel ③ Participation in households; involved in project construction. These project construction ②PMO personnel must include migrants, ethnic ③Project owner minorities, impoverished households and
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women; ④ Project ④ Determine remuneration of personnel development involved in project construction; organization; ⑤ Technical training and safety system ⑤ Village project training of personnel involved in construction; management team ⑥Participation in project construction ⑥ Representative of social capital ① Village/village congress ② Village/village representative congress ① All members of Village/vill ①Regular soil monitoring ③ Village project village age project ②Monitoring of recovery of migrants’ living monitoring team ②Village committee soil standards (including ③Project owner monitoring ③ Monitoring of recovery of natural representatives of ④PMO team environment after project construction special groups including ⑤ Village project impoverished monitoring team households, migrants, ethnic minorities and women) ① Village/village Village/village project project monitoring Training Monitoring and assessment skill training monitoring team team training meeting ②PMO ③Project ①Print “Project Appeal and Suggestion Table” and give out it to each villager group to make it convenient for the ① Village/village villagers to timely project monitoring express their opinions; team Opinion Establish a village member opinion feedback ② Establish complaint ② All members of and appeal system. hotline in provincial village PMO; ③ PMO and project ③ The village owner monitoring teams collect opinions and suggestions from project farmer households at any time.
10.2.4.3 Information disclosure
Participation and public negotiation of migrants and affected personnel shall be emphasized during stages of resettlement, policymaking of social assessment report, and plan preparation and implementation. The objects of public participation are classified into three types, i.e. government departments at each level, expert terms and affected village collective and population. Resettlement action plan and social assessment shall be involved in negotiation and participation according to steps of public participation to ensure full participation of affected groups. All documents shall be announced according to policy of the World Bank and relevant archives shall be filed or published in the newspaper for
187 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan announcement according to domestic requirements. Opportunities including social economic investigation and social impact assessment and investigation shall be utilized to extensively publicize and introduce resettlement policy of the project by various means and solicit opinions from various kinds of affected population. After extensive public participation, coordination and communication, local governments, affected village collectives and affected population have already fully understood the potential influence, settlement policy and income recovery plan of the project. The project resettlement office and the local resettlement organizations at each level may adopt the following procedures and methods to encourage the affected population to participate in negotiation: (1) Publicize basic information of the project and attract the affected population to actively participate in the project.
Methods such as posting of announcement, radio and television, network media and investigation symposium are adopted to introduce basic conditions of the project to the affected groups and enable the affected population to have a relatively full concept and understanding of the project. The main contents of information of the project include: Objectives of farmland pollution prevention and control; influence of farmland pollution control project; project compensation standards, compensation amount and resettlement policy; migrants’ opinion feedback and appeal channels.
(2) Convening of public consulting meeting
The project resettlement office organizes affected population to attend consulting meeting on an irregular schedule based on actual conditions of project land acquisition and demolition. At least 5 meetings shall be convened. The number of participants shall not be lower than 30% of the total affected population. During each meeting, representatives of disadvantaged groups especially women and ethnic minorities shall be invited to attend the meeting. The number of disadvantaged groups including women and ethnic minorities attending the meeting shall not be lower than 30% of total number of participants. Also, the meeting shall be monitored by relevant external independent monitoring organization.
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Furthermore, project construction contents, progress and resettlement policy of the project shall be publicized through TV, broadcasting, newspaper and network. (3) Convening of hearing As for issuing centering on migrants including alternative crops and planting technologies, migrants’ compensation expectations and difficulties faced by migrants, the migrants may fully express their opinions first and then sorting of concentration ratios of demands, opinions and suggestions are formed through discussion, analysis and voting.
Then, the community discussion results will be made public. (4) Announcement of resettlement action plan After hearing and expert consulting, PMO shall formulate a draft and a final version of resettlement action plan and give out them to migrants and the public in project areas. The general places used to disclose resettlement action plan can be public activity places, villager activity rooms in the affected village committees, government public information website, etc.. The language used shall be easy to understand. The draft of resettlement action plan shall be publicized one month before it is submitted to the World Bank for approval. After the draft is recognized by the World Bank, the final version can be publicized. The main contents of resettlement action plan include all lost property, compensation standards, compensation amount, resettlement policy, migrants’ rights and interests, and opinion feedback and appeal channels, etc.. 10.2.5 Brief summary of public participation
The purposes of social assessment are to identify main stakeholders and their demands as well as opportunities and risks brought by project construction and operation to stakeholders, help the perfection of project design and implementation through formulation of action plans to avoid or mitigate social risks, and enable individuals and groups most directly influenced by the project activities to support and effectively participate in the project activities. The demands of main stakeholders are summarized as follows: On the basis of field investigation, the social assessment team identifies the main
189 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan stakeholders of the project and launches term-less pre-informed participation with main stakeholders. These main stakeholders and their demands are shown as follows: Common demands: Develop agricultural production, increase opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship, enhance risk resistance, control heavy metal contamination of farmland and improve farmers’ production and living standards. Demands of farmer households in project areas: (1) Improve agricultural production infrastructure, e.g. repair or new construction of irrigation channels, farm tracks, and other relevant facilities: (2) Improve local ecological environment, improve quality of agricultural products and develop ecological agriculture; (3) Participate in farmer cooperatives and lower production risks and cost; (4) Adjust industrial structure, increase the ratio of cash crops in a proper manner and raise income level; (5) Lower the risk of increase of cost brought to farmers during controlling process of heavy metal of farmland. Demands of agricultural cooperatives: (1) Acquire capital support, reduce financing cost and lighten the capital stress for development of ecological agriculture; (2) Improve organization management level of cooperatives and facilitate local agriculture to adopt scaled development path; (3) Establish soil and agricultural product heavy metal monitoring stations, improve quality management level of agricultural products and promote the local agriculture to adopt the development path of ecological agriculture; (4) Lower risks of sales of agricultural products and increase of costs. Demands of village committees of project villages: (1) Establish and perfect agricultural cooperatives and promote local industrial upgrading; (2) Strengthen local farmers’ environment awareness and planting technology training as well as their environmental protection awareness and technological level; (3) Formulate a reasonable compensation mechanism and lower residents’ resentment. Demands of agricultural department: (1) Smoothly and successfully complete the Project through cooperation with stakeholders; (2) Help farmer households in the project area control heavy metal contamination of farmland, develop agricultural production and improve quality of agricultural products; (3) Explore local farmland pollution administration technologies and management models through improvements of the World
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Bank project. Demands of other relevant departments of the government: (1) Improve soil quality and local ecological environment and improve control and monitoring level of local environment: (2) Promote economic development of the whole project county and project area and facilitate the agriculture to adopt the path of ecological development; (3) Drive economic and social development, realize political stability and improve government image; (4) Improve production and living conditions of impoverished people, enhance the living standards of impoverished population, safeguard social stability and promote harmonious development.
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Attached Table 1 List of common mitigation measures against environmental and social influences
Implementation Supervision Influencing factor Potential influence Mitigation measures organization organization Select advanced and reliable low-noise equipment during equipment type selection; Reasonably arrange construction time and prohibit construction during lunch break and at night; Environmental Foundation damping treatment shall be conducted for machinery equipment generating relatively big Protection noise, or vibration damping support shall be set up to bind up damping materials; Noise during construction period mainly includes noise from Department of Noise generated during vehicle transport may have a certain impact on acoustic environment construction site and traffic noise during transport of materials. The Hunan Province Acoustic sensitive points along the line. Transport time shall be reasonably arranged and the quantity of cars noise from construction site mainly includes noise generated by County PMO and environment and driving density in the construction area shall be compressed as much as possible. Measures such construction machinery equipment and noise generated due to Environmental as speed restriction and horning prohibition shall be imposed on construction machinery such as material loading, unloading and collision. Protection Bureau vehicles; of Yongding All machinery equipment shall be effectively maintained and repaired on a regular basis to ensure District that the equipment is in good condition and the purposes of noise reduction and extension of equipment use life are realized. Most earthwork and stonework excavated from channels are used to backfill for the purpose of land leveling and ridge building; field farm tracks are constructed around existing ridges and all earthworks are reused in the field; During construction of irrigation facilities and field farm tracks Activities such as roadbed excavation and filling shall be avoided during windy and rainy days; Environmental and implementation of small civil engineering works, raising Stacking and storage of powdery construction materials used in the project such as cement, lime and Protection dust will be generated due to pavement excavation, transport, stone shall be strictly managed and the surfaces shall be covered. Watering measure shall be adopted Department of loading and unloading of spoils, and site trimming and when necessary; Hunan Province Atmospheric construction. Construction waste gases mainly refer to waste Project construction shall be implemented in different sections and different areas to reduce scope of County PMO and environment gases generated by fuel oil consuming construction machinery raising dust; measures such as watering shall be adopted to reduce pollution of raising dust; Environmental and tail gas generated by transport vehicles. The emission Concrete mixing station adopts the station mixing method and closed management measures. Protection Bureau volume of these pollutants is limited and usually only has a Construction machinery and vehicles with good operating condition shall be selected and used; of Yongding certain impact on construction personnel. The influence of Overhaul and maintenance of construction vehicles shall be strengthened. It is strictly prohibited to District such pollutants in regional environment is very small. use vehicles beyond the period of intended use and with tail gas exceeding the standard. Construction vehicles with low oil consumption and small exhaust shall be used as much as possible and high-quality fuel oil shall be selected and used as much as possible to reduce emission of hazardous gases from machinery and vehicles.
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Channel construction shall be better conducted in non-irrigation period. Temporary water passage may be built when necessary; Sedimentation basin shall be set up on construction site. The construction wastewater shall be collected and deposited through sedimentation basin and then reused for construction as much as possible; Environmental Construction production wastewater and domestic sewage are Temporary latrine pits are set up within construction site. Excrements are cleared on a regular basis Protection mainly included. Construction wastewater mainly includes and then used as farm manure according to actual living conditions in rural regions; Department of concrete maintenance wastewater and aggregate flushing Construction management shall be strengthened and deflation, water emission, liquid dripping and Hunan Province Water water. Although the volume of this part of wastewater liquid leakage of construction machinery shall be strictly controlled; drainage system and water County PMO and environment generated is small, it contains a certain amount of oil conservancy measures shall be properly implemented in temporary soil stacking area to prevent Environmental contamination and sediments which may cause certain stacking of spoils from resulting in water and soil loss to influence water environment; Protection Bureau pollution to soil, surface water and underground water if not Each construction unit shall implement each treatment measure for handling of construction of Yongding properly treated and instead discharged at will. production wastewater and domestic sewage to ensure that the wastewater is properly treated and District disposed; Environmental protection education of construction personnel shall be strengthened and environment awareness of construction personnel shall be improved. The construction personnel shall not throw or dump wastes and sewage at will.
The main sources of solid wastes generated during construction period include foundation excavation, spoil (slag) after backfill, sludge generated during dredging of hilly ponds, and household Environmental garbage generated by the construction personnel. If the building The household garbage shall be collected using garbage cans and bags set up on construction site Protection garbage generated during construction period is not timely disposed, and then uniformly cleared and transported to household garbage landfill in the towns where the Department of it will not only influence landscape but also generate raising dust project is located for treatment and disposal; Hunan Province Solid wastes under windy and dry weather conditions; the sludge generated during The heavy metal content of sludge from the hilly ponds shall be monitored and relevant disposal County PMO and dredging of some hilly ponds may have standard-exceeding heavy measures shall be selected; Environmental metal content. If it is not properly disposed, pollution will be caused Spoil (slag) can be used for land leveling and backfill as well as paving of road foundation without Protection Bureau to surrounding surface water and soil; if household garbage is not having to go far. No water slag yard is separately set up in order to reduce land occupation. of Yongding timely treated, mosquitoes will be bred, stink will be generated and District diseases will be spread under moderate temperature, which will have an adverse influence on surrounding environment.
Once cultural relics and historic sites are discovered during construction process, relevant personnel shall Cultural relics immediately inform local cultural relics preservation department and timely and properly protect the site. County PMO Provincial PMO Construction can be resumed only after the cultural relics department properly handles the cultural relics
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and historic sites discovered.
Construction time shall be reasonably arranged and it is prohibited to construct during lunch break Construction noise would influence local villagers’ rest; and at night; Transport of construction materials and spoil will have a Social Civilized construction shall be implemented and local customs shall be respected; certain impact on local transportation; County PMO Provincial PMO environment If it is required to occupy a part of cultivated land, consent of farmers shall be solicited first and The construction of field farm tracks may occupy a little farmers with cultivated land occupied shall be compensated. Land occupation shall be settled inside quantity of cultivated land. the village.
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Appendix 1
Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Field Irrigation Facility Construction
Environmental Protection Procedure
Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
September 2016
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Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction
Farmland pollution comprehensive management project in Yongding District of Hunan Province is a project implemented on the basis of the severe status of farmland heavy metal contamination in Yongding District in order to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products and guarantee people’s life and health. In order to maintain the normal implementation of the project, use the clean and qualified irrigation water source during the project implementation, guarantee sufficient irrigation water quantity and provide assurance for the smooth implementation and expected effect of the project, the field irrigation facilities in the project area are transformed and improved. The construction contents of field irrigation facilities in Yongding District include: transformation of drainage canal and transformation of irrigation canal.
1. Bid invitation and bidding
(1) The bidding documents shall make clear of environmental protection objectives of each sub-project as well as project contractor’s responsibilities and obligations for environmental protection objectives in project areas. Each environmental protection measure and suggestion put forward in environmental impact report already approved by environmental protection department shall be clearly specified in contract terms. (2) The contractor shall undertake the obligations for environmental protection in bid documents. Contractors contracting each sub-project shall promise to perform the obligation of environmental protection for environmental protection objectives involved in the project area. The construction organization design and plan conducted shall contain contents involving implementation of environmental protection measures.
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(3) The ratio of amount of deposit annually budgeted and preserved by the contractor in project contract funds involving completion of environmental management shall take up approximately 3% of budgeted fund. If the measures adopted by the construction unit for environmental protection are ineffective, relevant environmental protection managers shall order the construction unit to rectify, and the environmental protection measures are still not implemented after rectification, the county PMO may impose a penalty on the construction unit and detain project funds as overdue fine for environmental protection as well as entrusts other unit to adopt environmental protection measures.
2. General provisions
(1) The project owner shall assign specific personnel to take charge of handling environmental protection problems taking place during construction and operation period as well as handle environmental problems taking place between contractor and environmental protection objectives and supervise the implementation of various environmental protection measures during construction period. Besides, the contractor is required to assign at least one main administrative leader to take charge of environmental protection work so as to coordinate with the owner to jointly implement each environmental protection measure.
(2) The project Owner is required to authorize qualified unit to implement the construction management and supervise & urge the construction unit to take various environmental protection measures. (3) The contractor shall optimize construction scheme and adopt the most advanced construction processes and implement scientific management as much as possible so as to improve construction progress under the precondition that the construction quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the contractor shall strengthen management and maintenance of construction equipment and avoid leakage of substances such as petroleum and building materials transported so as to reduce the
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possibility of pollution of surface water pollution in project areas. (4) The owner shall take charge of compiling and printing materials publicizing environmental protection and distributing such materials to each contractor. Also, the owner shall carry out education of environmental protection of all construction personnel to improve environmental protection awareness of construction personnel. (5) It is strictly forbidden to stack or place muck at excavation or dump it to nearby rivers during construction period. The staff is strictly forbidden to discharge domestic sewage and household garbage to river. (6) During the construction process, advanced equipment shall be adopted as much as possible to reduce the disturbance of construction noise on normal lives and rest of residents around. Besides adoption of necessary prevention and control measures to mitigate disturbance, the contractor shall also post announcements in housing estates. The residents are requested to understand and support so as to reduce incompatibility resulting from construction and benefit smooth progress of project. (7) Construction personnel will rent local villager’s residences for lease. No field construction campsite is separately set up. (8) During work on construction site and construction of canal embankments, watering shall be timely conducted to reduce dust based on weather conditions. As for building materials thrown and scattered on the nearby roads, contractor in charge of construction in each bid section shall assign special personnel to timely clean so as to reduce pollution caused by raising dust to environmental air quality. (9) Consider the influence of the construction period on the farmland irrigation water on both banks when formulating construction plan to implement the transformation and construction of irrigation canal. Construction time should be selected as the non-irrigation period as far as possible and temporary water passageway should be constructed if necessary, so as to guarantee the farmland irrigation water.
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3. Construction Site Management Measures
Project construction unit must abide by the following management measures in order to decrease the adverse impact in construction site to the minimum degree. (1) Work time Construction time should be from 8:00 AM to 20:00 PM. It is forbidden to implement construction at the noon break time from 12:00 in the noon to 14:00 in the afternoon. Meanwhile, night construction activity will be limited. If the night construction activities cannot be avoided, notice must be sent to the surrounding residents and related procedures should be handled, and necessary measures should be taken to reduce the influence on the residents. The in-out time of construction transportation vehicles must comply with the requirements of local government. (2) Soil borrow yard and soil (slag) spoil yard
In accordance with the engineering characteristics of irrigation facilities involved in this project, soil borrow yard will not be arranged because it is unnecessary to borrow soil during the construction. Excavated materials will be allocated and transported reasonably during construction to realize “zero balance” of earth-rock works, so the soil spoil yard will not be arranged. (3) Waste water settling pond is arranged in the construction site. Waste water resulting from construction activities will be reused for the construction after settlement without external discharge, and the domestic sewage will be externally transported by local residents to use as the farmland fertilizer after collecting from toilets. (4) Public information platform ①Arrange construction nameplate at eye-catching locations to clarify the project name, site range, name of the Owner/Contractor/Engineer and supervision organization, name of project responsible person, commencement and completion time, supervision and complaint phone number, specific environmental protection measures, etc;
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②Within 7 days prior to the planned commencement of the project, the construction unit should post the commencement notice letter in surrounding area of construction site, and this notice letter should include the project overview, construction plan, name of each responsible unit of the construction parties, name of project responsible person, complaint and report phone number, etc; ③ Night construction activities should be limited. In case of special circumstances, the influence of night construction activities on surrounding area should be controlled and notice should be sent to residents in advance to obtain the understanding of residents; ④Within 5 days prior to the service interruption (including water, electricity, communication, traffic, etc), the construction unit should post notice in the project site and the surrounding areas of the influenced residents and enterprises influence in order to notify them.
(5) Prevention of accident risk Construction unit should prepare the accident prevention plan in advance and appoint the responsible person for the emergency accident, and should seek for assistance of related department upon occurrence of accident. (6) Personal safety and health Construction site should be isolated and enclosed, and traffic signboards and railings should also be provided to guarantee safety of pedestrians. Provide safety training and personal protection appliances for the construction personnel prior to the construction, and they are forced to use these appliances. Make sure that the materials containing asbestos or other toxic substances must be handled and processed the particularly trained workers. Stop all works in case of storm or any emergency accident. (7) Forbidden items
It is forbidden to fell trees at random outside of the approved construction area; it is forbidden to use any unapproved toxic substances, including the lead paint, asbestos, etc; it is forbidden to use open fire, and workers are forbidden to drink alcohol, etc.
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4. Construction and Facility Management Measures in Construction
Site
4.1 Management of Construction Materials
Construction materials for this irrigation facility construction project mainly include the sand, stone, cement, quick lime, log, steels and bricks, etc. These construction materials will have different degrees of influence on the environment if they are not properly treated during the transportation, storage and utilization, so corresponding environmental prevention and treatment measures should be taken to minimize the influence. It is proposed to take the following management measures during the transportation, storage and utilization of construction materials for this irrigation facility construction project:
(1) Vehicles should be the low-noise vehicles and strictly follow the daytime transportation shift system; strengthen the management to reduce the night transportation frequency under the abnormal working conditions; (2) Speed limit and control measure should be taken for the transportation vehicles, and the transportation vehicles shall slow down and travel slowly when passing through the environmental protection target (such as the hospital, residential area, school, etc); (3)Arrange the signboard to indicate the in and out of vehicles and vehicle drivers shall follow the principle of civilized driving to guarantee safe transportation; (4) Powdery materials such as cement, lime, etc should be packed in cans or bags, and bulk transportation should be prohibited; the vehicles transporting aggregate and construction materials should be provided with anti-dropping devices, and the loading content should not be excessive to prevent wind blowing of materials. Dust scattering is strictly forbidden during transportation, so the materials must be covered with felt cloth. The transportation route and time should properly be planned to minimize the
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influence on the sensitive points of environment; (5) The stacking point of powdery materials should be more than 300m down the wind from the sensitive points of environment. Reduce the stacking quantity of powdery materials and use them in time. Take wind-proof and rain-proof measures during the stacking of materials, and railings should be provided if necessary. Spray water regularly to prevent dust raising, and felt cloth should be used in case of adverse weather conditions; (6) Construction vehicles must be regularly inspected and the damaged carriages should be repaired in time to minimize the dropping of construction materials during the transportation and occurrence of construction wastes; (7) Strengthen the delivery and use management of powdery materials, and spray water and clean the working faces easily causing the secondary dust raising.
4.2 Management of Construction Equipment
Main construction equipment for this irrigation facility construction project includes the excavator, mixer, vibrator and rammer. Noise, tail gas and possible leakages of this equipment during the construction period will influence the environmental elements of the project area, so it is proposed to take the following management measures in order to minimize these adverse influences: (1) Construction equipment should be placed in the area divided according to the construction zone and it is not allowed to place this equipment randomly outside of the construction site, because this will increase the temporary land occupation area and destroy the vegetation and land. (2) Construction equipment should be the low-noise equipment as far as possible; (3) Noise silencer should be installed at the equipment noise source location, which means that the silencer should be installation at the suitable location of inlet and outlet air pipes, such as various exhaust and venting devices. Meanwhile, the equipment can be placed on base to reduce the vibration or vibration attenuation
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support can be provided; (4) Fuel construction machines and vehicles must be used under the normal condition to guarantee that the exhaust gas is discharged after meeting the standard; (5) Use the equipment reasonably and strengthen the maintenance and repairing of equipment, so as to prevent the leakage phenomenon of equipment influencing the surface water environment, soil environment, etc in the project area.
5. Environmental Protection Rules in Construction Material Yard
5.1 Quarry
The aggregate materials for the project construction are from the existing qualified quarry. The aggregate materials used for the construction of the irrigation facility construction project are purchased from the local aggregate plants with formal business license, but it is necessary to strictly manage and control the loading & unloading of aggregate, noise and dust occurred in the vehicle transportation and storage of aggregate materials in the construction site.
5.2 Prefabrication and Mixing Plant
The irrigation and discharge canal for the irrigation facility construction project adopts the following construction sequence: placement of aggregate cushion + prefabricated concrete blocks + lining of canal + pointing construction. The prefabrication and mixing plant should be arranged nearby the construction points in accordance with the environmental characteristics along the irrigation canal and in combination with direction of the planned and designed canal. The noise and waste curing water resulting from the mechanical mixing, vibrator’s vibration operation and curing by sprinkling will influence the surrounding acoustic environment and surface water environment. (1) Prefabrication and mixing plant should be 300m down the wind outside of the sensitive points of environment, and railings should be arranged if necessary; (2) Noise silencer should be installed at the equipment noise source location of
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mixer and vibrator, and meanwhile, the equipment can be placed on base to reduce the vibration or vibration attenuation support can be provided; (3) The waste curing water can be comprehensively reused after treatment in the temporary settling pond;
(4) The contractor is recommended to arrange construction personnel reasonably to reduce the operation time of high-noise machine operators, and the construction personnel can wear ear shield to reduce the influence on them.
6. Environmental protection provisions on society
The transformation and construction of field irrigation facilities mainly influence the irrigation and water conservancy along the line, so the proposed management measures are as follows: (1) Parallel operation shall be adopted during construction excavation. Excavation, leveling and protection shall be conducted simultaneously. Landscape reconstruction shall be timely carried out. (2) In order to ensure unimpeded water channels in farmland and prevent water and soil loss, reconstruction of drainage and irrigation channels and construction of ecological intercepting ditch shall be arranged in non-irrigation period as much as possible. Solid wastes in river channels shall be timely cleared after completion to ensure unimpeded river channels during irrigation period.
7. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites
If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction period, the construction unit shall immediately protect the scene and report to local cultural relics bureau to handle the matter according to Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 29, 2007) and requirements of material cultural resource policies of World Bank. The construction may be resumed after treatment of cultural relics bureau. The reporting procedures of
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cultural heritage are shown in Figure 7-1. If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction process, the construction unit shall implement the followings: (1) Construction in the construction position where cultural relics are discovered shall be immediately stopped and site protection shall be strengthened; (2) The contractor shall timely report to competent policy affairs and cultural relics department for authentication and handling; (3) Once the objects discovered are determined by experts as cultural relics, the scope of protection shall be immediately divided; (4) Cultural relics shall be rescued and dug indeed due to demanding construction period or in case of danger of natural destruction; (5) Rescue and digging of cultural relics must be carried out by professionals using special equipment. The contractor shall not dig without authorization; (6) Once the objects are judged as major cultural relics findings, demonstration as whether the project shall be constructed in other place shall be carried out.
Figure 7-1 Procedure diagram for handling of cultural relics discovered during construction
period
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8. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control
The noise sources during construction period mainly includes mechanical noise generated by construction equipment such as excavator and blender as well as transport vehicles with sound level above 85dB(A). Influence of construction noise to different extents will be imposed within scope of 30m, 80m and 150m around construction site with or without shielding. The following measures are adopted to improve the acoustic environment quality of main protection objectives mentioned above. (1) Strengthen environmental quality on construction site and strictly execute stipulations set out in Noise Limits for Construction Site. In order to reduce the influence of construction on residents around, the construction time is stipulated as from 8:00 in the morning to 20:00 at night. During lunch break from 12:00 at noon to 14:00 in the afternoon, construction is prohibited. (2) Post construction announcements in housing estates around construction site and meanwhile clearly mark the construction team, which cannot only comfort the people and obtain their understanding but also supervise the construction party to benefit the completion of the project as scheduled. (3) In sensitive points such as school, the operation of high-noise equipment shall be implemented beyond school time; high-noise equipment shall not be operated during lunch break. During construction in areas around sensitive points such as schools, the operation time of high-noise equipment shall be shortened as much as possible. Low-noise machinery shall be adopted during selection of construction equipment and methods as much as possible. (4) Method of “centralization of force and construction section by section” shall be adopted to shorten construction period and lighten the influence of construction noise on acoustic environment in local sections. (5) In order to ensure the health of construction personnel, the construction unit
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is recommended to reasonably arrange personnel’s working times according to Hygienic Standards of Noise of Industrial Enterprises to let the personnel operate construction machinery with high radiation and noise in turn so as to reduce the duration exposed to high noise. Meanwhile, the construction unit shall pay attention to machine maintenance and correct operation so as to maintain the noise of road building machine at the lowest sound level. Operators and relevant personnel are recommended to adopt individual protective measures such as wearing of earplugs and helmets.
9. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control
The main polluting factors of the proposed project influencing the environmental air during construction period include construction waste gases and raising dust. Waste gases mainly refer to tail gas exhausted by various kinds of construction machinery and transport vehicles; raising dust generated during construction period is mainly generated from site excavation and backfill, transport and handling of materials such as stone and cement, as well as road raising dust generated during construction work. Meanwhile, leveling of the site also generates a little quantity of raising dust. The main pollutant is TSP. (1) Raising dust pollution prevention and control measures The construction unit shall strictly strengthen management and adopt proper measures to strictly control raising dust generated during construction period. In order to minimize the influence of construction project on surrounding environment during construction period, it is recommended to adopt the following prevention and control measures: ①Special personnel shall be allocated in construction work area to take charge of scientific management and civilized construction; measures shall be adopted during construction period to accelerate project progress as much as possible. Also, stonework and earthwork shall be timely transported to designated places to shorten
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the hazard period of stacking. ②The terrace on construction site must be hardened and concrete terrace shall be adopted if the condition allows. ③Watering keeps the work under certain humidity during excavation; loose and dry surface soil within construction site shall also be constantly watered to prevent dust; during backfill of earthwork, watering shall be properly conducted when the soil texture in the surface layer is dry to prevent raising dust. ④Strengthen the management of backfill earthwork stacking yard and formulate measures for earthwork surface compaction and regular water spraying and covering; mud and waste slag of building materials not needed shall be timely transported away and shall not be stacked for a long term. ⑤Earth transport trucks and building material transport trucks shall be equipped with spraying prevention devices as stipulated. The materials shall not be overloaded to ensure that they are not scattered during transport process; also operation routes and time of transport vehicles shall be properly planned to avoid driving in sensitive areas such as traffic centralization area and residents’ residences. ⑥Over-canopy is added on transport vehicles. The loading and unloading place shall be flushed first to reduce spreading of mud carried by wheels and chassis on the pavement. ⑦Mud spread on the pavement during transport shall be timely cleaned to reduce raising dust during operation. ⑧Materials easily generating raising dust such as sand and cement stacked in the open air shall be covered with canvas and plastic cloth to prevent diffusion of raising dust. ⑨Road and vegetation on the site occupied by construction shall be timely recovered upon end of construction. ⑩Construction transport work shall be reasonably arranged. Transport of large components during construction work as well as abundant materials and spoils shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours so as to lighten traffic pressure. (2) Transport vehicle tail gas pollution prevention and control measures
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①Construction machinery and vehicles under favorable operation conditions shall be selected and used. ②Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and vehicles shall be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gases. ③ Reasonably use equipment and strengthen maintenance and repair of equipment.
10. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence
(1) Materials such as cement and gravel shall be covered with tarpaulin during stacking and such materials shall not be stacked alongside river. Fence shall be set up when necessary to prevent such materials from flowing into river together with rainfall runoff and causing pollution during rainy season or rainstorm. (2) The waste slag during construction is prohibited to be dumped to river. Instead, it shall be transported to stipulated fill point or stipulated place for unified treatment. (3) Intercepting ditches shall be set up around machinery stacking yard in maintenance work area to prevent machinery oil dirt from flowing into surrounding environment with rainwater and causing pollution during rainy days. Also, the sewage collected in intercepting ditches shall go through oil separation and sedimentation treatment before natural evaporation. Household garbage generated shall be properly managed, collected on a regular basis and transported to designated place for treatment. Meanwhile, maintenance work of machinery in maintenance work area shall be properly conducted to prevent pollution of machinery oil dirt. (4) Serious oil leakage of construction machinery shall be prevented. It is prohibited to discharge oily water generated by machinery during operation to nearby water bodies, or discharge oily water generated during repair of construction machinery to water body.
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(5) All project areas are located in rural area. Therefore, local villagers’ residences can be rented as construction camps. The domestic sewage of construction personnel during construction period will be collected through septic tanks in villagers’ residences and then used for fertilization to reduce environmental pollution. (6) The contractor shall not disturb natural flow of river channel, water channel or existing irrigation or drainage system without written consent of supervision engineer ahead of time in order to avoid the occurrence of scouring and sedimentation no matter what the demand is.
11. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes
Solid wastes generated during project construction period mainly include building garbage and household garbage. The main building garbage generated during construction period is inorganic wastes, mainly including leftovers during construction such as abandoned stacked earth and concrete blocks. Also, a little quantity of organic wastes is included, mainly including various packing materials, abandoned old plastics and foams. These wastes are not easy to rot or dissolve and therefore the surrounding landscape and environmental quality may be influenced if they are not properly treated. In order to avoid the occurrence of such problems, the construction unit is required to classify and treat wastes generated from construction, demolition and site clearing. Materials that can be directly reutilized or recycled shall be classified, recycled and reutilized. The remaining materials may be timely cleared by relevant entrusted clearing and transport unit. Local digestion measures are adopted to return the earthwork and stonework excavated during construction to nature (they shall be properly filled and compacted). Household garbage generated during construction period is mainly organic wastes including leftovers and excrements. Such solid wastes will rot, become smelly
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and give birth to mosquitoes if they are stacked in construction area at will and not timely and effectively treated. If the situation is serious, it can induce various infectious diseases to affect construction personnel’s physical health. The household garbage generated during construction period of the proposed project will be centrally collected and then cleared and transported to refuse landfill. Leftovers will be collected and then used by farmer households to feed pigs, and excrements will be used for fertilization.
12. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment
12.1 Ecological resource protection and management measures
(1) Reasonably optimize the arrangement of construction site, so as to minimize the range of construction activities and mitigate the degree of destruction to the vegetation due to the project construction; (2) The outsourcing construction materials such as stone, sand and cement, etc required for the project construction should be transported when using them, which can minimize the land occupation and destruction of vegetation. After the project completion, clear the construction site in time and take greening measures in construction site, so as to maximally recover the destroyed vegetation.
(3) In accordance with the verification result of the construction site, temporary protection fences should be erected around the trees which are not chopped down or transplanted in construction site; (4) Other signs except for the identification tags should not be attached to the trees, and it is also not permitted to stack or store construction materials and park machinery and equipment around the trees protection zone;
(5) Construct temporary interception ditch in construction site and flood diversion canal for the surface runoff canals which are destroyed by the project, so as to lead away the flood formed in wet season and avoid scouring of the project due to
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surface runoff; (6) Construction unit should minimize the temporary land occupation time under the precondition of guaranteeing the construction quality, control the construction time of earth works and maintain stable excavation and backfilling of side slopes, so as to mitigate the influence on the area outside of the project construction site.
12.2 Water and Soil Conservation Measures
(1) Temporary measures During the foundation excavation of structures, backfilling of earthworks and stacking of aggregate materials required for construction, the temporary tarpaulin covering measures should be taken in order to prevent the wind-blowing erosion and water erosion. These temporary protection measures mainly include: temporary straw bags, tarpaulin covering, water sprinkling, etc. ① Tarpaulin covering
In order to prevent wind-blowing erosion and water erosion, temporary tarpaulin covering measures should be taken for the exposed part of the slags in this temporary soil storage yard, and the tarpaulin covering material shall use the dense dust-proof screen. Removal of dust-proof screen (tarpaulin cover) should be commenced prior to the earth backfilling. Gradually roll up the dust-proof screen backwards starting from the location close to the foundation pit, and recover the screen when the earth backfilling is totally completed. ②Temporary fixing measures by using soil-loaded straw bag Dust-proof screen around the temporary soil storage yard should be fixed with the soil-loaded straw bags. Requirements to be follow in removal of straw bags: during the backfilling construction after the foundation concrete pouring of main buildings is completed, artificially remove the all-around straw bags starting from the opening location towards the two sides, continue to fill the soil in straw bags into the foundation pit and the straw bags can be recycled for reuse. ③Water sprinkling
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Sprinkle water in construction site for 1-2 times after the land treatment, and the surface soil crust with effective wind erosion resistance thickness can be formed when the soil infiltration degree is about 2cm, so as to facilitate the recovery of water and soil conservation function. (2) Engineering measures ①Unevenness leveling and backfilling: including the backfilling area and depth, testing and determination of bulk density of backfilling materials and rolling compaction density, determination of backfilling and rolling method, and determination of possible sinking and its hazard prediction & protection measures; ②Plan the transportation route of backfilling materials and covering soil; ③Backfilling and utilization of concave pit: Take full advantage of the waste soil and stone slags in the backfilling of concave pit, and the pit should be leveled and the slags shall be completely removed after backfilling. The backfilling method should be determined according to the topography, construction conditions and areas, etc and it usually adopts the combined method of manual backfilling and mechanical backfilling. Bulldozer should be used for strip-shaped leveling and treatment when the leveling and treatment area is large, and the overlapping width between two strips should be 0.5m. For the smaller areas where the mechanical operation is impractical as well as the sides and corners where the machinery cannot be placed at desired location, the manual method should be used for leveling and treatment, and shovel should be used to backfill the concave pits within a depth of 0.3m in the leveling and treatment area when the manual method is selected.
④During the coarse leveling construction, firstly determine the main locations requiring backfilling in accordance with the topography & terrain characteristics and requirements on the backfilling height in the project area, and then use construction machines such as bulldozer to push the soil into the filling area of the concave pit.
During the backfilling of concave pit, the aggregate with finer particle size should be placed at the bottom as far as possible, while the aggregate with larger particle size should be placed on the roof, and then the rolling and leveling operation can be started.
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After completing the coarse leveling and treatment, manual leveling and treatment should be adopted for the edges & corners of disturbed construction areas as well as the small concave pits resulting from the mechanical leveling and treatment, and shove, etc should be used for purpose of leveling and filling, so as to meet the design requirements on the leveling and treatment finally. (3) Vegetation measures
During the vegetation recovery in the construction area after the project completion, native species should be used to avoid introducing alien species.
13. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety
The construction unit is responsible to abide by all national and local safety requirements as well as other measures capable of avoiding accidents to ensure safety and health of construction personnel.
(1) Occupational health and safety training shall be carried out to all construction personnel, and basic work rules and personal protection rules in construction place shall be introduced to them as well as that how to prevent injuries of other employees shall be noticed; (2) Fire-extinguishing equipment shall be equipped in construction place. Enough fire-extinguishing equipment shall be provided and maintained at any time to keep them under good working status. Besides, such equipment shall be put in places easy to get; (3) The construction unit shall ensure to provide eligible emergency rescue and allocate emergency rescue tools in construction place; written emergency handling procedure shall be formulated in remote places to facilitate the transfer of patients to proper medical organizations; (4) Correct signboard shall be suspended on devices, materials, safety measures and emergency exits of dangerous areas (distribution room, etc.); (5) If workers’ hands and arms are subject to vibration due to use of tools on
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their hands and power-driven tools, or the whole bodies of workers are subject to vibration due to standing or sitting on vibrating surfaces, damping cushion or device shall be installed through equipment selection to implement control over restriction of exposure time; (6) Place warning plates on all power-on electric devices and electric wires; check all electric wires, cables and power-driven tools on the hands, check if there is damaged or exposed electric wire, and determine maximum allowable working voltage of such tools according to the suggestions of manufacturers; carry out double insulation/grounding treatment of all power-drive equipment used in moist (or possibly moist) environment; (7) Provide all workers participating in or assisting welding work with proper eye protection tools (e.g. welding goggles and/or masks); (8) Guardrails (one middle bar and surrounding baffles) shall be installed at the edge of vulnerable areas. Meanwhile, the construction personnel shall adopt fall preventive devices (including safety belt and distance restriction lacing wire); (9) The construction unit determines and offers proper individual protection equipment to construction personnel so as to fully protect workers themselves, other workers and occasional visitors. Besides, such equipment shall not bring unnecessary inconveniences to users; (10) The construction unit shall establish procedures and systems to report and record occupational accidents and diseases as well as dangerous conditions; (11) Carry out health education of construction, enhance face-to-face consulting work and encourage individuals to take protective measures; besides, the construction personnel are encouraged to use blocking methods such as mosquito repellent, clothes and mosquito net to avoid mosquito bites spreading diseases.
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Appendix 2
Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Agricultural Activities
Environmental Protection Procedure
Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
September 2016
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Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities
1 Environmental protection measures for lime application
1.1 Lime quality requirements
Lime material selected in this project: It is a composite product comprising quick lime (CaO content>70%), limestone (CaO content>40%) and dolomite (CaO+MgO content>45% with ratio of 1:3. The quality indexes are required as follows: Fineness: Passing of 2mm standard sieve (10-mesh standard sieve) ≥80%; Mercury (Hg) content≤2 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content≤3 mg/kg;
Arsenic (As) content≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content≤50 mg/kg.
1.2 Lime transport
(1) Bid invitation is adopted to ensure timely application. Public purchasing by invitation to bid is adopted for late rice according to normal procedure. After determination of bid winner, the bid inviter will sign quick lime powder product supply service contract with the bid winner and the bid winner shall transport the product to village groups where the project is conducted as scheduled with required quantity. (2) Waterproof cloth shall be adopted during transport to cover the lime and prevent spreading and overflow of lime during transport.
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1.3 Protective measures for lime application
(1) When using lime, the lime application personnel shall pay special attention to their safety protection. They shall wear masks, eyeshades (or goggles) and work clothes. After completion of lime application, they shall timely take showers and change cloths. (2) During process of lime application, even application shall be realized to prevent excessive local concentration. (3) During storage of lime, weather and moisture prevention shall be noticed. Lime shall not be stored for a long term. It shall be better used when received. Besides, lime shall not be simultaneously used with chemical fertilizers and pesticide.
1.4 Determination of application period
In order to make it convenient for farmers to use, lime application shall be better carried out beyond busy season and high-temperature season. Period of lime application once every year shall be flexibly determined according to different planting systems. (1) Double cropping rice-slack winter season area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 1 month before winter or transplanting of early season rice. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of early season rice. (2) Double cropping rice-oilseed rape/green manure area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field 2-3 days before oilseed rape straws or green manure is ploughed. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately to transplant early season rice. (3) Oilseed rape-single-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 15 days before transplanting of middle-season rice after harvesting of oilseed rape. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of middle-season rice.
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(4) Tobacco-late-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field in winter or about 1 month before transplanting of flue-cured tobacco. Then, the paddy field shall be immediately ploughed.
1.5 Other attentions
(1) During top dressing of lime, there shall be no water on the standing grain leaves. In other words, lime shall not be applied in the morning when there is dew or after rain, or under the weather condition of big wind. (2) During application of lime, organic fertilizer shall be applied as coordination. (3) Lime shall not be mixed with chemical fertilizers especially ammonium nitrogen and thoroughly decomposed excrements and urines of people and livestock during application to avoid loss of nitrogen fertilizer. (4) Lime shall not be mixed with trace elements such as boric fertilizer so as to prevent the reduction of effectiveness of lime.
2 Environmental protection measures for application of leaf surface controlling agent and soil conditioner
2.1 Selection of leaf surface controlling agent
Silicon-containing and water-soluble fertilizers already applied in rice and registered in Ministry of Agriculture with cadmium blocking effect above 30% are selected according to Guiding Opinion on Standardization Heavy metal contamination Repair Products of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Cultivated Land in 2015 and Service Technical Quality Requirements. The specific quality indexes are shown as follows: Water: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥70g/L; water-insoluble matter content
≤10 g/L Powder: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥10%; water-insoluble matter
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content≤5% Mercury (Hg) content ≤5 mg/kg; Arsenic (As) content ≤10 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content ≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content ≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content ≤50 mg/kg｡
2.2 Selection of soil conditioner
(1) Use of industrial waste as passivation restorative agent shall be avoided as much as possible so as to avoid bringing new secondary pollution to farmland soil or destroy soil structure as well as its physical and chemical properties and environmental quality. (2) Soil conditioner already applied in rice and registered by Ministry of
Agriculture shall be selected. (3) Soil conditioner shall be applied in strict accordance with product description. Excessive application shall be prevented.
2.3 Temporary storage requirements
A specific indoor warehouse is set up to temporarily store leaf surface controlling agent and soil conditioner. The temporary storage warehouse shall resist rain, wind and seepage.
3 Environmental protection measures for application of organic fertilizers
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3.1 Selection and use of commercial organic fertilizers
The heavy metal contents of commercial organic fertilizers must be lower than the standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers (NY525-2012). The specific indexes are shown as follows: (1) Technical indexes: Mass fraction of organic maters (calculated as per dried basis): 45;
Mass fraction of total nutrient (nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) (calculated as per dried basis): ≥5.0; Mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample): ≤30; Potential of hydrogen (PH): 5.5-8.5
(2) Metal indexes: Total arsenic (As) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤15 mg/kg;
Total mercury (Hg) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤2 mg/kg; Total lead (Pb) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤50 mg/kg; Total chromium (Cr) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤150 mg/kg; Total cadmium (Cd) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤3 mg/kg｡ (3) Bacterial indexes Roundworm ova death rate and number of fecal coliforms shall comply with requirements raised in NY884.
3.2 Attentions during application of organic fertilizers
(1) Use of commercial organic fertilizers is promoted. Commercial organic fertilizers already passing field test, confirmed as safe through secondary pollution evaluation, and certified and registered by relevant certification organization shall be selected.
(2) The contents of elements in organic fertilizers applied including Cd, As, Hg, Pb and Cr shall be lower than standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers
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(NY525-2012) (3) If manure of livestock and poultry is used as organic fertilizer, the feeds used to feed livestock and poultry must comply with requirements of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001). (4) As for livestock’s excrements generated by surrounding farmer households in breeding industry, PMO shall strengthen supervision. Excrements generated by breeding industry without detection or exceeding standard during monitoring shall not be delivered to farmland in order to prevent bringing new heavy metal contamination. (5) Attentions to use of bio-organic fertilizers ①The bio-organic fertilizers shall not be applied to a very deep earth layer. It is suitable to apply the bio-organic fertilizers at a place of 10-15cm below the surface. ②During application, bio-organic fertilizers shall be not mixed with single chemical fertilizer. Since single chemical fertilizer has singular ingredients and the pH value differs, if it is abundantly applied, the biological activity of bio-organic fertilizers will be inevitably compromised. Therefore, bio-organic fertilizers shall be better separately applied. ③The proportioning of bio-organic fertilizer, farm manure and DAP compound fertilizer shall be reasonable. When they are selected and used, they shall be calculated first and then scientific proportioning shall be carried out before application.
4. Environmental protection measures against agricultural package wastes
(1) Strengthening publicity and enhance farmers’ environmental protection awareness
Since farmers are the subjects using agricultural means of production and agricultural package wastes, it is required to strengthen technical training of scientific use of pesticide and other agricultural products for the farmers and enable them to get
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to know the hazards of agricultural package wastes to agricultural production and environment and enhance their environmental protection awareness. Also, the farmers shall be educated not to abandon agricultural films at will and to collect and take away agricultural package wastes. (2) Implementing centralized collection and avoiding storage at will Agricultural package waste collection points are set in each project area. Farmers are required to waste agricultural films, pesticide and agricultural packages already used up in collection points. Meanwhile, they shall contact with agricultural package recycling station of Yongding District and transport agricultural package wastes in the collection points to the recycling station on a regular basis. (3) Strengthening management and ensuring transfer treatment PMO shall strengthen management and supervise the collection and transfer work of agricultural package wastes to ensure that all such package wastes in project areas are transported to agricultural package recycling station of Yongding District that shall recycle such wastes or entrust a qualified unit to treat such wastes.
5. Environmental protection measures for removing straw from farmland
(1) Given the fact that Yongding District boasts mountains and forest land, concentrated collection and cropland to forest on the spot should be carried out to dispose and utilize the straw.
(2) PPP mode is adopted. The PMO shall arrange a part of expense; forestry company or cooperative procure and dispose in a unified and concentrated way so as to gain profits and maintain the routine operation of the project. (3) Incentive mechanism is adopted as motivate and subsidize farmland operators or professional harvesting cooperatives and to change harvesting model (semi-feeding harvesting to ensure overall straw relocation and utilization) and increase crushed grass bundling method (bundling machine can be purchased for
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harvesting) to realize relocation of crop straws from farmland in project areas. (4) PMO shall strengthen supervision to ensure that straws are smoothly transported out of the farmland and properly disposed.
6. Environmental protection measures for management and control of standard-exceeding rice in the husk
(1) PMO shall strengthen supervision and entrust relevant unit with relevant detection qualification to detect the rice in the husk in project areas on a regular basis and avoid entry of standard-exceeding rice in the husk in project areas to grain ratio market. (2) As for rice with cadmium content＞0.2mg/kg, , it will be used as raw material for liquor making after a purchase and sales contract is signed with companies like
Zhangjiajie Guangyuan Wine Industry Co., Ltd. (4) Stillage, a by-product during wine brewing, shall be detected. If complying with the standard of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001), it can be used as feed. Otherwise, it shall be dried and then transported to refuse landfill for sanitary landfill.
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Appendix 3
Summary sheet of influence of specific points and mitigation measures
Specific environmental Potential environmental influence Mitigation measures sensitive points The construction within a scope of 200m around schools shall be arranged beyond school time as much as possible. Construction camps shall be set up beyond scope of 200m around schools; construction Schools: machinery equipment (especially high-noise equipment) shall be set up beyond scope of 200m No.7 High School of the around the school; county; Construction transport shall be conducted beyond school access roads. However, if it indeed Bajiahe Primary School; Noise influence from construction machinery cannot be realized, construction materials and muck shall be transported beyond school time; Dayongsuo Middle School; Noise influence from construction machinery When passing around schools, transport vehicles shall slow down and avoid blowing the horn No.4 High School of Dayong Influence of lime application on environmental as much as possible; county; air Lime application shall be arranged for farmland within scope of 200m around schools beyond Shaowandadui Primary school time as much as possible; School; Lime shall be better applied under weather condition with wind speed less than 5m/s;
Schools shall be notified ahead of time before lime application. The schools shall publicize knowledge on protection from lime and preventing the flowing lime from injuring students and teachers. Government department should strengthen the supervision, regulation and law enforcement efforts, and strictly forbid the recovery of mining of historical mining points in the upstream of the project area, such as the nickel molybdenum mine, iron mine, etc; Influence of mineral slags on the downstream For the project area having residual slags in the upstream, front settling pond can be arranged in irrigation water the front section before the irrigation water entering the farmland if necessary, so as to realize the Xixiping ni-mo mining Influence of mineral slags on the downstream interception and settlement of irrigation water; residue farmland soil Supporting treatment measures have been taken to clear and transport the historical residual Influence of noise resulting from the slag slags by outsourcing, and the clearing and transporting time should avoid the wet season; transportation The residual slags transportation workshop should take the anti-dropping measures and use the tarpaulin for purpose of shielding and enclosing; It is not allowed to clear and transport the slags during 20:00-6:00 at night, so as to avoid influencing the rest of residents along the transportation route. Disposal of rice with Risk and social impacts of improper Rice with excessive heavy metal content shall be prohibited from excessive heavy metal disposal of excessive Cd content rice entering the grain market and grain purchase points shall be established 1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal content exclusively for purchase and storage of such rice; In case of rice with a Cd content of over 0.2 mg/kg, a Purchase and Sales Contract shall be signed with Zhangjiajie Guangyuan Liquor Industry Development Co., Ltd and other liquor companies to enable such rice to be used as a liquor-making material and Cd in rice is mainly enriched in the by-product of lees; The by-product of lees generated in liquor-making from excessive Cd content rice shall be monitored with the monitoring factors of as least Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Such lees as are in conformity with Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001) could be used as feed; otherwise the said lees shall be properly disposed by way of sanitary landfills and other measures.
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