THEEWATERSKLOOF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ––– VOLUME II CHAPTER 18: , BEREA & VOORSTEKRAAL

The settlement and historic growth pattern is a response to the need of the inhabitants GENADENDAL, BEREA & VOORSTEKRAAL CHAPTER 18 GENADENDAL, BEREA & VOORSTEKRAAL to adapt to the natural environment. Le Grange, (2002:10) refers to this pattern of settlement as the cultural landscape, a concept to “describe the natural and cultural elements (including parts of the land modified by human activity, patterns in the 18.1 BACKGROUND landscape, buildings etc.) that have been harnessed over the past two centuries”. The main elements of the cultural and natural landscape to inform the spatial development

GENADENDAL AT A GLANCE proposals and land use management proposals are: Total Population ± 5590 people Role and function Agricultural rural node • The Sonderend Mountains and a system of tributaries/valleys that drains towards Rank order of town Rural node; 3d order town (e.g. Baviaansriver). Comparative locational advantage Tourism destination • Within the valleys, settlements have evolved. The greater Genadendal consist of Oldest missionary settlement Genadendal as the main settlement and smaller adjoining settlements (“buite Historic precinct and unique streetscapes stasies” or “buiteposte”) of Voorstekraal, Bereaville and Boschmanskloof. Country town character • Along the fertile soil areas within the settlements, gardens (“tuine”) were Natural setting Urban agriculture and small scale farming developed and outside the settlements along the fertile valleys of Riviersonderend, Economic base Agriculture, tourism agricultural developments called the “paglande” and “saailande”. Growth Potential Ranked 100 out of 131 towns in the Western • The remaining areas of the greater Genadendal comprise of grazing areas and Cape untransformed areas consisting of sensitive vegetation areas within the Growth Strategy Snyerskraal hills and the mountain fynbos of the Sonderend Mountains. TTTABLE 18.1 GGG ENADENDAL AT A GGGLANCE • Growth of the settlement concentrated around the mission centre (“werf”) and then

spread in a regulated”horseshoe pattern” along either side of the Baviaanskloof

River. Houses were built above the flood regime and the garden allotments were  Berea, Voorstekraal, Boschmanskloof 1 and Genadendal are all individual settlements but laid out, irrigated by a system of water furrows (“lei water”) and divided by hedges. are collectively referred to as Genadendal. The “werf” has been historically the central place within the settlements, as a place  Genadendal’s function within the overall municipal perspective is that of a rural of worship, education, residence and work (Le Grange 2002:10). settlement.

 The town is categorised as a third order, rural node in the context of the It is the combined impact of the man-made “imprint” on the natural landscape together Theewaterskloof municipal area. with the set of socio-economic and religious forces that constantly influenced the  Genadendal is a unique settlement and established as a missionary centre. The community, which culminated in a land use and settlement pattern that is unique and following subsections serve to provide the background to understanding the unique which needs to be protected and harnessed to ensure the sustainability of Genadendal, qualities and complexities of the Genadendal settlements. These characteristics often referred to as a “living museum”. ultimately need to be reflected in the spatial development proposals.

(ii)(ii)(ii) Statement of significance (i)(i)(i) Spatial Elements

The symbolic values of Genadendal according to Le Grange, includes (Le Grange, 2002:20-21):

1 As Boschmanskloof is geographically closer to , all relevant development aspects i.e. • The first Mission settlement in provision of water, electricity, sewerage, housing, community facilities etc. will be addressed in the • The first Moravian Mission settlement in the Southern African region Greyton chapter.

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• The influence that Genadendal played in the development of other mission are the policies related to the following: centres. • The historic sense of place value is informed by the following (Le Grange, − All changes to the landscape fabric should be motivated in terms of heritage 2002:20-21): impact. − Any intrusion (in terms of height, scale, colour, offensive materials, etc.) that − It’s significance as a place of meeting would impact negatively on the memorable visual qualities should be − The places of tradition, ritual and ceremony prevented. − It’s significance as a place of education and training, etc. − Historically planted areas, including areas within the Kloof, tree avenues and remaining plantations should be retained. (iii) Land tenure − The place quality and openness of certain existing landscape features such as the “saailande” and “paglande” should be protected. The land tenure issues that are of critical importance are well documented by Le Grange − The existing tree clusters and rows of trees need to be preserved (2002:17). Of particular importance for this SDF are the following: − The historic system of pastureland, “paglande”, “saailande” and commonages should be preserved and the introduction of new settlement areas or non- • The is not the owner of the greater Genadendal area as in the agricultural practices must be strongly discouraged. case of other Moravian settlements such as Elim and Goedverwacht. − The conservation of the “werf” should take into account all the aspects of its • The church is the registered owner of the “werf”. cultural significance, without placing unnecessary emphasis on one aspect at • The inhabitants of Genadendal occupy “persele” in the remaining settlement areas the expense of others. on a leasehold basis but recently, erven have been granted on a freehold basis. − The historic land use patterns (of the residential areas, garden allotments • The objective of the Transformation of Rural Areas Act, 1998 (Act 94 of 1998), is and “werf”) that were employed in the planning and development of to transfer the common property outside of the settlements (i.e. the remainder) to Genadendal, should be protected. a legal entity. This process has not yet been finalized but it is expected that the − The overall building form and height of historic houses should be retained. Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform will make a decision during the Where new buildings are inserted into the historic fabric of Genadendal, they course of 2011. should be constructed in a sympathetic manner.

(iv) Conservation principles and policies (v)(v)(v) Agricultural Planning

The particular focus of the Genadendal Conservation and Use Plan is the “conservation The “tuingronde” and “paglande” contain high agricultural production potential areas. development framework”, aimed at restoring older precincts within the “buiteposte”. In a study by MBB (1997) and BKS (2000), the “very good agricultural” potential of the The following principles underline these proposals, and should be applied also with greater Genadendal region has been documented. The results of these studies indicate regard to SDF proposals: the following:

• The principle of minimal intervention • 1300ha irrigable soil of which 600ha is classified as high potential soil. • The protection of the natural environment • Water resources can sustain 625ha under irrigation. Two storage dams would • The protection and ongoing productive use of the “saailande” and “paglande” however be required to store winter runoff before the area can be fully developed. • When new uses are considered within the “buiteposte”, these uses should be of a • To develop the area to its full potential of 1300ha, a further allocation from the compatible nature so that such changes in use essentially require no change to the Theewaterskloof dam is required. culturally significant fabric (Le Grange; 2002:61) • According to the agricultural development plan, the original “subdivision” of the • The general conservation policies according to Le Grange, (2002, 23-60) should farm into 37 farming units has been used to allocate farming opportunities. apply to all land use management matters. Of particular importance for the SDF

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• Apart from the Riviersonderend River irrigation scheme, water could be obtained • No clearly demarcated town centre in any of the settlements. from the Baviaans River and the Sergeants River. • The Baviaans River is a dependable water source, which can be utilised to provide Infrastructure Backlog irrigation water to a large area, provided that an adequate storage facility can be built. Water from this river is currently extracted for household use. There is a • Subsidised housing backlog: 292 (Housing database, 2009) suitable area in the Baviaans River where a dam with sufficient storage capacity • Drastic increase of water demand during the dry summer months can be constructed. • Uncertainty regarding the capacity of the gravitation pipeline from the weir to the • The estimated storage capacity will be enough to irrigate approximately 90ha reservoir vegetables, 360ha fruit and 270ha grazing. • No water treatment works exists with only chlorination to treat water for human • The Sergeants River’s full irrigation potential has not been determined; therefore it consumption is not possible to estimate its possible water contribution to Genadendal. It is • Not all households are sewer reticulated however deemed unlikely that there will be a significant water contribution possible from the Sergeants River, due to the volume of water that is abstracted upstream of Genadendal. 18.3 DEVELOPMENT INFORMANTS AND CONSTRAINTS • Agricultural production and products that can be produced in the Genadendal area, include the following:  The Sonderend River, which skirts the southern boundaries of Genadendal, Voorstekraal and Bereaville, is an important ecological corridor. There are wetlands and/or − Vegetable farming, which has long been practised in the area, is currently not floodplain areas associated with the Sonderend River system that are similarly an commercially successful. important part of this ecological corridor. − Fynbos farming is a very successful industry in the Genadendal area, due to  The tributaries of the Sonderend River which flow through the urban areas of good planning and the production of the correct, marketable cultivars. Genadendal, Voorstekraal and Bereaville, form important ecological corridors. There − Grain farming has declined steadily and no grain has been produced for a are wetlands and/or floodplain areas associated with these tributaries of the Sonderend number of years. River system that are similarly an important part of these ecological corridors. − The Genadendal Wood Project producing posts for use in vineyards and  These corridors are environmentally sensitive, subject to flooding and should be orchards. safeguarded from development − Cattle farming is not a significant commercial industry in the area, but  The settlements are enclosed by physical, biophysical and ecological constraints i.e. the provide additional income to farmers. Sonderend Mountains with steep slopes and sections of critical endangered vegetation.  The fertile soil areas within the settlements, where gardens (“tuine”) have developed.  The fertile valleys where agricultural developments called the “paglande” and 18.2 SPATIAL CHALLENGES/ISSUES “saailande” are being cultivated.

Local Economic Development: 18.4 THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT • High level of poverty with 81% of the population earning less than R3500 per month. 18.4.1 The Spatial Vision • The need for a balance between conservation requirements (of the natural and manmade environment), the historic sense of place characteristics and the need Maintain and conserve the cultucultural ral significance and historic sense of place SSS18.1S18.1 for sustainable development that aim to eradicate poverty. within the Genadendal settlements while encouraging tourism developmentdevelopment.... • Lack of industrial and business erven, which limits economic development and growth in Genadendal, Berea and Voorstekraal.

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18.4.2 The Spatial Concept Plan

The spatial vision and spatial concept plans illustrated in FFFigureFigure 18.18.18.1111,, Figure 18.2 and Figure 18.3 consist of the following main structuring elements:

(i)(i)(i) Urban Nodes

• Genadendal, Voorstekraal and Berea • The “werf” area located to the north of Genadendal

(ii)(ii)(ii) Paths

• R406, which links the three settlements; • The main streets, which branch off from the R406 and provide access into the Genadendal settlements.

(iii) Edges

• The Sonderend mountains • The Sonderend River and its tributaries that bisect the Genadendal settlements. FFFIGURE 18.18.11:11::: GGG ENADENDAL SPATIAL CCONCEPTONCEPT PLAN

(iv) Districts

• The “tuingronde”

(v)(v)(v) Landmarks

• The “Werf” in Genadendal.

FFFIGURE 18.18.22:22::: VVV OORSTEKRAAL SPATIAL CONCEPT PLAN

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• sustainable small scale farming development (a) (c);

(iii) ResRestricttrict

• urban development that will have a significant visual impact (c); • development over ridgelines (c); • any large-scale heavy/noxious industrial development (c); • large-scale residential development on the commonage (“buitemeent”) until the process for the Transformation of the Rural Areas Act, 1998 (Act 94 of 1998) is completed (a)

(iv) Maintain / Protect

• the open space corridors created by the Baviaans River, other drainage channels, “saailande” and “tuine” (c); • Genadendal as a rural village (c).

(v)(v)(v) Contain

FFFIGURE 18.18.33:33::: BBB EREA SPATIAL CONCEPT PLAN • development within the urban edges of the “buiteposte” (c);

2 18.4.3 Principles for implementing the spatial concept 22 18.4.4 Spatial RestRestructuringructuring

(i)(i)(i) Encourage (i)(i)(i) Spatial Integration

• Limited densification of residential areas north of the R406 (b); • Spatial integration is proposed by means of: • small scale farming activities on the “tuingronde” and suitable agricultural production of the commonage (“buitemeent”, “paglande” and “saailande”) (c); − the development of a peripheral economic zone along the main access road into Genadendal to promote the development non-residential land uses (i.e. (ii)(ii)(ii) Promote tourist facilities, accommodation) that are more accessible to residential areas. • the protection of cultural landscape character of Genadendal (c); − Optimising the utilisation of sport grounds in Genadendal and the caravan • Genadendal as a tourism destination and as a centre for education. (a); park in Voorstekraal by residents of all the settlements. • a hierarchy of rural settlements (“buiteposte”) in order to prioritise service delivery (a) (b); (ii)(ii)(ii) Densification

• General densification principles i.e. infill development, sub-divisions, second 2 Western Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework - Areas of Intervention (2009) dwelling units which should be encouraged within the urban footprint in areas (a) Socio-Economic Development – alleviate poverty (b) Settlement Restructuring – promote spatial and social integration where densification practises will not have a detrimental impact on the cultural (c) Environmental Sustainability – promote environmental protection landscape.

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(iii) New Growth Areas

• Genadendal: Future growth is proposed south of the R406, north eastern direction and near “Kersiedorp”. • Voorstekraal: A minor extension is proposed in an eastern direction.

FFFIGURE 18.18.55:55::: VVV OORSTEKRAAL SPATIAL INTEGRATION CONCEPT PLAN

FFFIGURE 18.18.4 4:44::: GGG ENADENDAL SPATIAL ININTEGRATIONTEGRATION CONCEPT PLAN

FFFIGURE 18.18.66:66::: BBB EREA SPATIAL INTEGRAINTEGRATIONTION CONCEPT PLAN

18.5 POPULATION GROWTH AND LAND USE REQUIREMENTS:

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DENSIFICATION: Population projections based on historic trends illustrated that Genadendal had a population Densification Assumption Units growth rate of 7% p.a. between 1996 and 2001, which declined to 3% p.a. between 2001 and Vacant erven 5% vacant erven developed 29 2007. The high population growth rate could be contributed to high levels of in-migration, but due to limited economic growth, the trend did not continue. Assuming a growth rate of 2% of single residential erven 2nd Dwelling Units developed 44 1,5% p.a. between 2009 and 2019, it is estimated that approximately 16ha of land is required to address the projected urban growth up to 2019. Table 18.18.218.222 sets out the calculations for 2% of single residential erven Sub-divisions developed 44 the projected land use need. Total 20 du/ha 117 (±6ha)

RESIDENTIAL: 2019

Land required including Housing Existing Housing Population Land required densification Category Backlog Increase Units RequiRequiredredredred (Ha) (Ha)

Low Density Housing 185 62 6 4 Medium Density Housing 277 69 3 2 High Density Housing 462 92 3 2 Subsidy Housing 292 292 8 8 Total 292 924 223 20 16 (A)

Asumptions: % of population Average Household Density Low Density 20% 3 10du/ha Medium Density 30% 4 20du/ha High Density 50% 5 35du/ha COMMUNITY FACILITIES 333::: Community Facilities Dwelling Unit per facility Hectare per Genadendal facility land requirements (ha) Primary School 1100 2.8 - Secondary School 2500 4.8 - Clinic 2500 0.2 - Community Hospital 18000 0.05 - Library 4000 0.02 - Community Centre 6000 0.35 - Sport Field / Parks (neighbourhood) 1200 1.4 - Fire Station 20000 0.3 - Police Station 12000 0.5 - Total 0ha (B) Total green field residential land Total A+B 16 Ha TTTABLE 18.218.2:::: PPP ROJECTED LLLAND UUUSE RRREQUIREMENTS

3 Behrens & Watson (1996): Making Urban Places: Principles and Guidelines for Layout Planning (UPRU, UCT)

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ecological corridor and linear open space system.

18.6 URBAN EDGE

For the proposed alignment of urban edges for the Genadendal settlements the following 18.7.2 Densification Strategy were taken into consideration, namely: Encourage densification on vacant and sizeable developed erven within the SSS18.2S18.2  The historic and cultural landscape: The culturally significant fabric such as the “Werf”, existing settlement footprints of Genadendal, Voorstekraal and BereaBere aaa.... certain residential areas, garden allotments, trees etc impact on future growth directions. (i)(i)(i) Spatial Context  The intrinsic and systemic value of the natural areas directly surrounding the Genadendal urban area: Protecting the unmodified landscapes abutting urban land use Densification is considered an effective land use management tool to address urban areas, including the Sonderend Mountains, Snyerskraal hills, Sonderend River, etc. sprawl and protect unique natural resources from insensitive development forms and  Natural and biodiversity resources: steep slopes, the Baviaans River, watercourses and should therefore be encouraged by means of: drainage canals, and undevelopable flood prone areas, critical biodiversity areas and core agricultural land. • second dwellings units;  The Transformation Process (Act 94 of 1998): The Transfer process of ownership of the • smaller subdivisions; commonage (not yet finalized at the time of completion of this document). • higher density infill development.  Projected future urban growth: According to the population projections for Genadendal and its “buiteposte”, ±16ha is required to accommodate the projected urban growth for Clusters of vacant erven exist in Voorstekraal and Berea and provide opportunities for the next ten years. densification in the form of infill development and/or consolidation and re- development. The proposed urban edges for the Genadendal settlements are illustrated on Plan 18.18.18.3333 and Plan 18.4. (ii)(ii)(ii) Densification Guidelines

The Genadendal Transformation process in accordance with the Transformation of Rural

Areas Act, 1998 (Act 94 of 1998) aims to identify those areas to be classified as 18.7 SECTOR STRATEGIES common property and to transfer these into a legal entity. Until the process is finalised,

these areas cannot be considered as part of the densification calculations. The 18.7.1 Biophysical Environment following densification guidelines for Genadendal are recommended (refer to Plan 18.18.2222).

• Sensitive areas of the biophysical environment should be managed with

conservation objectives in mind, and there should be limited urban development in these area only. In this regard, the following areas are of particular importance: Planning Existing Vacant Erven Target Density Proposed Densification Area density - The riverine environment of the Sonderend River, as well as the wetlands and PA-A 20du/ha 85 25du/ha Second dwelling units, subdivision - encourage floodplain associated with the river, which functions as an ecological corridor sub-divisions to secure land tenure. and linear open space system. PA-B 12du/ha 77 20du/ha Higher density infill development on privately - The riverine environment of the tributaries of the Sonderend River which flow owned land; second dwelling units, smaller through the urban areas of Genadendal, Voorstekraal and Bereaville, as well as subdivisions; extending dwelling units. the wetlands and floodplain associated with the river, which functions as an

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PA-C 5du/ha 6 5du/ha No densification should be encouraged. Any pedestrian walkways and cycle routes to Berea in order to improve development need to be sensitive to the accessibility towards Genadendal. character of “the Werf”

PA-D 15du/ha 28 20du/ha Second dwelling units, smaller subdivisions; • Integration Spaces: extending dwelling units. PA-E 14du/ha 211 20du/ha Second dwelling units, smaller subdivisions; extending dwelling units. − Improve the quality of open spaces, recreation areas and community PA-F 9du/ha 15 15du/ha Second dwelling units, smaller subdivisions; facilities. The usage thereof should be rationalised between the three extending dwelling units. settlements which should facilitate social integration.

PA-G 14du/ha 142 20du/ha Second dwelling units, smaller subdivisions; − Proposed integration spaces include the Sport grounds in Genadendal (Area extending dwelling units. F, Plan 18.3) and the Stoomdrift Caravan Park in Voorstekraal (Area H, Plan PA-H 10du/ha 45 20du/ha Second dwelling units, smaller subdivisions; 18.4). extending dwelling units.

TTTABLE 18.318.3:::: DDD ENSIFICATION GGGUIDELINES 18.7.4 Human Settlement Strategy (Refer Figure 18.7 and Figure 18.8)))

S1S1S18S1 888....4444 Promote small scale housing developments which are sensensitivesitive to the historic 18.7.3 Integration Strategy (Refer to Plan 18.3 and Plan 18.4))) character of Genadendal, Voorstekraal and Berea.

S1S1S18S1 888....3333 Improve spatial integration between Genadendal, Berea and Voorstekraal through directing major growth towards Genadendal while impimprovingroving (i)(i)(i) Spatial Context accessibility between the settlements in the form of non-non ---motorisedmotorised transport. Future residential development in Genadendal should be sensitive to the following key challenges: (i)(i)(i) Spatial Context • The socio-economic context which cannot support large numbers of people and The main spatial challenge is accessibility to community facilities, businesses and the lack of employment opportunities. recreation areas located in Genadendal for people living in Berea and Voorstekraal. The • The large number of existing vacant erven in Berea and Voorstekraal. Priority majority of people living in the latter two settlements do not have access to private should be given to developing these erven and consolidating development within transport. the existing urban footprint. • The conservation sensitivity and historical significance of the Genadendal (ii)(ii)(ii) Spatial Integration Proposals / Guidelines settlements. Large-scale residential developments may result in negative impacts on the cultural significance of these settlements. The unique fabric of the • Integration Areas: settlements positioned within the landscape and the visual impact of non- sensitive buildings / structures on the historic streetscapes needs to be protected. − The development of a peripheral economic zone along the main access road • The process in terms of the Transformation of Rural Areas Act, 1998 (Act 94 of into Genadendal will improve accessibility to non-residential land uses and 1998), should be completed before large scale housing developments, especially community facilities. A pedestrian walkway and cycle route (non-motorised subsidised housing are proposed. The transformation process is regarded as transport) should be encouraged along this street. critical towards defining the social-economic development “path” for the future. − Consideration should be given to extending the existing non-motorised The sustainability of any further subsidised housing development will depend on transport along the R406 between Voorstekraal and Genadendal i.e. the the successful implementation of the transformation process.

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(ii)(ii)(ii) High density housing

• Approximately 2ha of land are required at a density of 35 dwelling units per hectare to address the projected high density housing need until 2019. A further ±8 ha is required to clear the existing subsidized housing backlog of 292 residential units. • Area E (±8ha) has been earmarked for high density residential development. The area is located within the urban edge and forms a natural extension of the existing high density development.

(iii) Medium density housing

• Approximately 2ha of land are required at a density of 20 dwelling units per hectare to address the projected medium density housing need until 2019. Area G (1.54 ha) is proposed for medium and GAP housing. The area is located within the urban edge of Voorstekraal and constitutes infill development.

(iv) Low Density

• Approximately 4ha at a density of 10 du/ha will be required to address the low density housing needs up to 2019. Priority should be given to developing the FFFIGURE 18.18.77:77::: GGG ENADENDAL RRRESIDENTIAL LLLAND ALLOCATION existing vacant erven in Genadendal, Voorstekraal and Berea before implementing

new residential developments. In addition, it is considered necessary to finalise

the transformation process before any additional residential allocations are made.

(v)(v)(v) Farm worker housing

• The number of local farm workers in need of housing is unknown. This need to be investigated together with those employees seeking for opportunities to develop housing.

FFFIGURE 18.18.88:88::: VVV OORSTEKRAAL RRRESIDENTIAL LLLAND ALLOCATION

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18.7.5 Local Economic Development Strategy

S1S1S18S1 888....5555 EEEnhanceEnhance the agricultural and tourism potential of GeGenadendal.nadendal.

According to the Theewaterskloof Local Economic Development Strategy (March, 2009), identified the following focus areas were identified for Genadendal:

• AgricultureAgriculture:: finalise the transformation process. • TourismTourism: Increase local product offerings, restoring heritage buildings, upgrade the overall character of the town as well as the camping site in Voorstekraal. • Human Capital (improve the skills of residents): restore Genadendal’s status as a centre of learning with the focus on performing arts.

18.7.6 Commercial and Business Strategy

S1S1S18S1 888.6.6.6.6 Demarcate local CBD’s for each settlement and guide business and commercial development towards these areas.

(i)(i)(i) Spatial Context FFFIGURE 18.18.99:99::: GGG ENADENDAL CCCOMMERCIAL AND BBBUSINESS LLLAND UUUSE ALLOCATIONS

The communities of Voorstekraal and Berea are isolated from the business facilities located in Genadendal as a result of the historic development pattern of the settlements. No formal CBD area exists in any of the settlements which contribute towards the infiltration of business uses into the residential areas.

(ii)(ii)(ii) Commercial and Business Proposals / Guidelines

• Genadendal: It is proposed that a CBD area should be demarcated adjacent to the “Werf” missionary station and all business uses should be located within the demarcated boundary. A peripheral economic zone is proposed along Strydom Street to facilitate development of mixed uses along the main entrance road into Genadendal. • Berea and Voorstekraal: It is proposed that the existing local neighbourhood businesses be regarded as local neighbourhood business nodes (area D and C). Formal business uses should be located within these areas.

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industrial land uses. The area has good accessibility from the R406 road and is centrally located between the settlements.

FFFIGURE 18.10:1118.10: BBB EREA AND VVVOOOORSTEKRAALRSTEKRAAL OO CCC OMMERCIAL AND BBB USINESS ALLOCATIONS

18.7.7 Industrial Development Strategy (Refer Figure 18.11 and 18.12 and Plan 18.3 and 18.4)))

S1S1S18S1 888....7777 Encourage the development of light industrial land uses within the proposed FFFIGIGUREURE IG 18.18.1111:1111::: GGG ENADENDAL IIINDUSTRIAL LLLAND UUUSE AAALLOCATION industrial areaareassss..

(i)(i)(i) Spatial Context

Existing small scale industrial uses in Genadendal include a recycling station, woodwork project and a bus depot which are scattered at the entrance towards the settlement.

(ii)(ii)(ii) Industrial Land Use PProposalsroposals / Guidelines

• Area H (refer PPPlanPlan 181818.3.3 18) .3is proposed for industrial land uses. The area is located adjacent to the waste water treatment works and is considered suitable for industrial development. A visual buffer zone along the R406 is proposed to screen development from the scenic route. • Area F, (refer PPPlanPlan 18.4)18.4) is located in Voorstekraal and is also proposed for

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18.7.9 Infrastructure

S18.S18.9999 Upgrade bulk infrastructure facilities to create sufficient capacity to address the needs of the communitcommunityyyy

(i)(i)(i) Genadendal:

The following bulk infrastructure upgrades will be required:

• Water source: No additional water source will be required. • Water treatment works: An additional 0.9 Ml /d treatment capacity will be required • Reservoir capacity: An additional 1.1 Ml /d reservoir capacity will be required • Waste Water Treatment Works: No additional treatment capacity is required. However if the Greyton Waste Water Facility is closed and moved towards Genadendal an additional treatment capacity off 0.9Ml /d will be required.

FIGURE 18.181818 .12..12:1212::: VVV OORSTEKRAAL IIINDUSTRIAL LLLAND UUUSE AAALLOCATION (ii)(ii)(ii) Voorstekraal: 18.7.8 Community Facilities (Refer Plan 18.3 and Plan 18.4)))

The following bulk infrastructure upgrades will be required: S1S1S18S1 888....8888 OOOptimiseOptimise the utilisation of community facilities and direct hhhigher higher order

facilfacilitiesities towards Genadendal. • Water source: an additional water source with a yield of 200Ml /a will be required • Water treatment works: an additional 1.0Ml/d treatment capacity will be required • Reservoir capacity: an additional 0.9 Ml /d reservoir capacity will be required (i)(i)(i) Spatial Context • Wastewater treatment works: an additional 0.3 Ml/d treatment capacity will be required. The majority of community facilities are located in Genadendal i.e. a library, clinic, municipal offices, school, etc. Voorstekraal and Berea have limited access to these (iii) Berea facilities. Essential public amenities should therefore be centralized. The following bulk infrastructure upgrades will be required: (ii)(ii)(ii) Community Facilities Proposals / Guidelines • Water source: an additional water source with a yield of 100Ml/a will be required • Clusters of community facilities have been identified in Genadendal, Voorstekraal • Water treatment works: an additional 0.5Ml/d treatment capacity will be required and Berea. Higher order facilities should be directed towards Genadendal i.e. • Reservoir capacity: an additional 0.2 Ml reservoir capacity will be required secondary schools, crèches, municipal offices etc. The re-location of and/or • Wastewater treatment works: an additional 0.2 Ml/d treatment capacity will be provision of lower order facilities (a day clinic, after care at the crèche etc) in required. either Voorstekraal or Berea should be further investigated and if needed, be directed towards the community precincts as identified on PPPlanPlan 18.3 and 18.18.4444. 18.7.10 Heritage • The development of a new cemetery is proposed south east of the WWTW.

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S1S1S18S1 888.10.10.10.10 Genadendal, Voorstekraal and Berea:

Preserve the remaining conservation worthy buildings withwithin in the identified heritage precincts, historic urban edges and historic commucommunalnal open spaces by implementing appropriate heritage management strategies and adopting the proposed Urban Conservation Areas.

(i)(i)(i) Genadendal

Five precincts with heritage value are proposed for Genadendal (Refer Figure 18.13 and Plan 18.18.3333)))):

• Precinct A: Strydom Avenue and Volksweg contain clusters of Cape Vernacular cottages although some of them have been substantially altered. The area above Strydom Street (with views over the valley) appears to be filling up with new and more modern homes, whilst the area between Strydom Avenue and the river have retained more of its streetscape values. • Precinct B: The Moravian Mission Werf is of extreme high heritage significance and all the buildings have been restored to their former status. • Precinct C: Clusters of Cape Vernacular cottages in Berg Street have been restored and re-thatched. Where these clusters occur they offer an historic streetscape. • Precinct D: Clusters of Cape Vernacular cottages were observed, most needing repairs and restoration. At the top of the road there is an old home that could be an old farmstead. • Precinct E: The original garden lots of Genadendal have significant historic value and also form a central open space feature. FFFIGURE 18.1318.13:::: GGG ENADENDAL HERITAGE PPRECINCTSRECINCTS

(ii)(ii)(ii) Voorstekraal

Four precincts of interest are proposed (Refer Figure 18.14 and Plan 18.18.4444):

• Precinct A: Precinct A consists of original garden lots that were farmed by the residents. It has high heritage value. • Precinct B: Precinct B consists of original garden lots that were farmed by the residents. It also has high heritage value. • Precinct C: Some Cape Vernacular architecture can still be seen in Gladiolus Street, but most homes have been substantially altered. This precinct was proposed as a conservation area in 2002.

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• Precinct D: Some Cape Vernacular architecture can still be seen in Nuwejaarsblom • Precinct B: The original garden lots that were allocated to the residents of Berea, Street but this area has low heritage value due to neglect of buildings and new appears as a large open space on both sides of the riverbank. The water furrow buildings overwhelming the precinct, thus negatively impacting the streetscape can still be seen where it runs along the main feeder road. value. • Precinct C: Some Cape Vernacular architecture can still be seen in this precinct, but most buildings have been substantially altered and modernized. Local stone, clay and timber would have been used to build the homes. • Precinct D: Some Cape Vernacular architecture can still be seen, although, as in Precinct C, many buildings have been substantially altered. The elegant but simple design of the second Church of the village in this precinct adds to its heritage value.

FFFIGURE 18.1418.14:::: VVV OORSTEKRAAL HHH ERITAGE PRECINCTS

(iii) Berea

Berea was an extension of the mission settlement at Genadendal. It was established in FFFIGURE 18.15: BBB EREEREAAAA HERITAGE PRECINCTS 1864 and a church and a parsonage were built in 1865. Four precincts with heritage value are identified (Refer Figure 18.15 and Plan 18.18.4444): 18.7.11 Tourism (Refer Plan 18.3))) • Precinct A: The original Moravian church, the old parsonage (now a Post Office) and the old school make up this precinct. The church and parsonage have been S1S1S18S1 888....11111111 Encourage tourism related land uses especially adjacent to route R406 and well maintained and occupy a prominent place in the village, with views over the protect the existing character of historical areas such as the “werf” in entire village. Genadendal.

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The vision for Genadendal as identified in the 2030 Green Light Vision document within the (i)(i)(i) Spatial Context context of five strategic thrusts are tabulated in the table below. The table summarises how the SDF unlocks opportunities to implement the said plans / programmes. “The Werf” missionary station is the main focus point of tourism in Genadendal. The picturesque natural setting together with the unique character and sense of place that derives from the historic growth patterns of the settlements i.e. the “natural gardens” in Strategic Thrust Role of Genadendal SDF Alignment the centre of the settlements, contributes towards the tourism development potential of A desirable Preservation of the Refer Section 18.7.10. the area. These characteristics should be targeted to encourage sustainable tourism place to live historic character of development. the town and no planned expansion of (ii)(ii)(ii) Tourism Land Use Proposals / Guidelines the residential base. Visitor Heart of the cultural Refer Section 4.6 - Genadendal (Heritage • Promote the R406 as a main tourism route to create opportunities for small-scale Destination offering of the region. settlements) tourism development (i.e. arts and craft stalls, curio shops) between the settlements of Voorstekraal, Berea and Genadendal. Development adjacent to Centre of Rebuild the historic Refer section 18.4.3 promoting Genadendal as route R406 should be sensitive to the natural and cultural landscapes, features Learning educational role of the a centre of education and artisan training.. that are of considerable significance to these settlements. Area G has been town as a centre of identified for an Arts and Craft centre. education and artisan • The following important cultural landscape elements should be protected and training. promoted as tourist destinations: Vibrant Cottage industry Refer section 18.7.5. Economy centre, education and − the “werf” and associated building (Area A) tourism based − the “tuine” inside each of the settlements economy. − the agricultural “saailande/pagland” Low carbon and Model of responsible No spatial implications. − The Genadendal Conservation and Use Plan contain proposals for the green business tourism. restoration of identified houses of historical significance. The following areas should receive priority in acquiring restored streetscapes in Genadendal: “Die werf”; Berg Street; Strydom Avenue; Kloof Street; Karl Jona Street 18.9 PROPOSED IDP PROJECTS • A tourism strategy should be drafted in order to address and integrate all tourism initiatives within the Genadendal settlements. The following spatial proposals/projects are considered to have budgetary implications for the municipality and should be included in the Municipal Integrated Development Plan (IDP): 18.7.12 Transport Strategy SPATIAL PROJECTS PROPOSED TO BE INCLUDED IN IDP: No proposals  Provision of NMT along the R406 and Strydom Street  Provision of subsidized and GAP housing  Infrastructure Upgrades for all three Genadendal Settlements 18.8 The 2030 VISION  A tourism strategy  Finalize the Transformation of land process

 Upgrade the quality of the Stoomdrift Caravan Park  Upgrade the standard of the sport ground in Genadendal

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 Development of an Arts and Craft Centre in Genadendal  Restoration of properties with historic significance.

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