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Development of New Phosphors for High Temperature Thermometry

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Development of New Phosphors for High Temperature Thermometry Development of new phosphors for high temperature thermometry Entwicklung neuer Leuchtstoffe für die Hochtemperatur- Thermometrie Der Technischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Doktor-Ingenieur vorgelegt von Liudmyla Chepyga aus Myhove (Ukraine) Erlangen, Dezember 2018 Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Technischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 10.12.2018. Vorsitzende des Promotionsorgans: Prof. Dr. Reinhard Lerch 1. Gutachter: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Miroslaw Batentschuk 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dominique de Ligny ii To my parents Mykola and Valentyna Chepyga, beloved sister Olena and my teacher of chemistry Tarnavska Liudmyla Iurijvna “To strive, to seek, to find and not to yield” (Alfred, Lord Tennyson) iii Statutory declaration I declare on oath that I have written the present dissertation independently and without outside help and I have not used any sources or aids other than those specified. Liudmyla Chepyga iv Acknowledgements I want to thank Prof. Dr. Christoph J. Brabec for the invitation to join his working group, for very interesting research topic and providing excellent experimental facilities. An additional gratitude for his favor a friendly group atmosphere. The results in this thesis were obtained in the frame of my activity as a Ph.D. student at the Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) at Friedrich- Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, under the supervision of Priv.-Doz. Dr. Miroslaw Batentschuk. The dissertation would not have been completed without a financial support from the Bavarian Research Foundation (BFS) (DOK-170-14), and the Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), which is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the framework of the Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments to Promote Science and Research at German Universities. I thank the Era.Net RUS Plus NANOLUX 2014 (ID #286) project for funding parts of this work as well. My special thanks go to my supervisor, Priv.-Doz. Dr. Miroslaw Batentschuk, for providing me with a freedom when I wanted it, as well as guidance when I needed it. His insight and advice were always valuable and appreciated. Additional thanks for prompt and perfect corrections of our manuscripts. I am very grateful to Andres Osvet for help with optical characterization, generation and implementation of new ideas, fast correction, and improvement of my publications as well as for very nice environments in the group and always interesting daily discussions. I would like to acknowledge Alfons Stiegelschmitt for XRD, Eggi Völkel, Dr. Mykhailo Sytnyk and Eva Springer for SEM measurements and easy collaboration. This thesis would not be complete without successful collaboration. I would like to thank Dr. Lars Zigan and his Ph.D. student Ellen Will for performed high temperature measurements, all discussions, and new ideas. I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Yuriy Zorenko for grows and investigation of single crystal film phosphors and fruitful discussions. I would love to acknowledge EnCN, I-MEET and ZAE Bayern colleagues for the warm atmosphere in the last 4 years. My special thanks are going to my officemates Dr. Gordana Jovicic, Klaus Burlafinger, Johannes Hepp, Dr. Andreas Vetter, Amjad Ali, Osbel Almora v Rodriguez, and Dr. Thomas Heumüller. I also would like to thank Dr. Shreetu Shrestha for her kindness and support. Also, I am grateful to my former master and bachelor students, who contributed to my projects. Also, my warmest thanks to Dr. Ievgen Levchuk for everyday advises and great friendly support. Special thanks go to Sandra Wehlmann, Winfried Habel, Leonid Kuper, Ulrike Knerr, Claudia Koch, and Corina Winkler for their unlimited support in administrative matters. I am also thankful to my friend Dr. Olena Lukashuk, who convinced me to step into the science world and her support in every day of my life. Most importantly I would like to thank my parents Mykola and Valentyna as well as my dearest sister Olena for unconditional support during my entire life. Last but not least, I would like to thank the members of the examination committee for their efforts and time and also to you, the reader, for considering my work. I want to thank everyone in the phosphor group for making the lab an enjoyable and productive place to work. Special commendation goes to my colleagues and friends from SAOT. I will remember you, always. vi Abstract The temperature is one of the most important parameters for the analysis, evaluation, and optimization of numerous technical applications in chemistry, biomedicine, process and power engineering. Therefore, the improvement of existing and development of new techniques in thermometry is of crucial importance. The phosphor thermometry as a relatively new technique based on the laser-induced luminescence offers the possibility of non-contact temperature measurement extensively and promptly with high sensitivity and accuracy. The phosphor thermometry utilizes temperature-dependent luminescence characteristics of an optically active dopant ion embedded in a crystalline host lattice. The development of new phosphor materials is an important task to be solved for each specific application, such as temperature measurements on surfaces or in gaseous flows. The focus of this work was to expand the range of thermographic phosphors for high-temperature measurements and the improvement of the specific parameters as high luminescence intensity, high sensitivity, a long or short lifetime of the luminescence. The thesis is structured in the following way which reveals the systematic development of such phosphors. Chapter 1 provides an in-depth introduction into the historical development of thermometry and a brief introduction to the basic theory involved in thermometry mechanisms. The most important competing techniques for temperature measurements with their advantages and disadvantages in comparison with phosphor thermometry are discussed. Then the factors which are influencing the photoluminescence behavior of the thermographic phosphors are presented. After the introduction part Chapter 2 describes the materials and methods used for the synthesis and investigation of the thermographic phosphors. The following four Chapters describe the investigation of phosphor material namely yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12:Dy, Y3Al5O12:Dy, Er with addition of boron nitride (BN) (Chapter 3), Y3Al5O12:Dy and its mixture with yttrium aluminum perovskite YAlO3 (Chapter 4), yttrium orthosilicate Y2SiO5:Dy (Chapter 5), and calcium scandium silicate garnet Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Dy, Ce (Chapter 6). Each Chapter consists of a brief overview of state of the art regarding specific composition, structural and morphological study what follows by photoluminescence investigations. Many of the aspects influencing the photoluminescence properties such as synthesis methods or auxiliary compounds are investigated in order to optimize photoluminescence properties of materials under study. Finally, the thermal response of the investigated phosphors, determining the working temperature range by the intensity ratio method or decay time characteristics, are highlighted. vii Kurzdarstellung Die Temperatur ist einer der wichtigsten Parameter für die Analyse, Bewertung und Optimierung zahlreicher technischer Anwendungen in Chemie, Biomedizin, Prozess- und Energietechnik. Daher ist die Verbesserung bestehender und die Entwicklung neuer Techniken in der Thermometrie von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die Phosphorthermometrie als eine relativ neue Technik basierend auf der laserinduzierten Lumineszenz bietet die Möglichkeit von schnellen und berührungslosen Temperaturmessungen mit hoher Empfindlichkeit und Genauigkeit. Die Phosphorthermometrie verwendet temperaturabhängige Lumineszenzeigenschaften eines optisch aktiven Dotierstoffions, das in einem kristallinen Wirtsgitter eingebettet ist. Die Entwicklung neuer Leuchtstoffmaterialien ist eine wichtige Aufgabe, die für jede spezifische Anwendung gelöst werden muss, z. B. Temperaturmessungen an Oberflächen oder in gasförmigen Strömen. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit lag auf der Erweiterung der Palette der thermographischen Leuchtstoffe für die Hochtemperaturmessung und auf der Verbesserung spezifischer Parameter, wie hohe Lumineszenzintensität, hohe Empfindlichkeit, lange oder kurze Lebensdauer der Lumineszenz. Im Folgenden wird der Aufbau der Arbeit beschrieben, der die systematische Entwicklung der Leuchtstoffe wiederspiegelt. Das Kapitel 1 gibt eine ausführliche Einführung in die historische Entwicklung der Thermometrie sowie eine kurze Einführung in deren grundlegende Theorie. Die wichtigsten konkurrierenden Techniken für Temperaturmessungen mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen werden mit der Phosphorthermometrie verglichen. Danach werden die Faktoren, die das Photolumineszenzverhalten der thermographischen Leuchtstoffe beeinflussen, vorgestellt. Nach dem Einführungsteil beschreibt Kapitel 2 die Materialien und Methoden, die für die Synthese und Untersuchung der thermographischen Leuchtstoffe verwendet werden. Die nachfolgenden vier Kapitel befassen sich mit der Untersuchung von Phosphormaterialien: Yttrium-Aluminium-Granat Y3Al5O12:Dy, Y3Al5O12:Dy, Er mit Zugabe von Bornitrid (BN) (Kapitel 3), Y3Al5O12:Dy und einer Mischung von Yttrium-Aluminium-Perowskit YAlO3 (Kapitel 4), Yttriumorthosilikat Y2SiO5:Dy (Kapitel 5) und Calcium Scandium Silikat Granat
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