387-390/ 31 May, 2015 ISSN 2322-4134 ©2015 IJFAS

Distribution and apllication of medicinal plants in the dayer city at Bushehr province

Nasrin Niknam1* and Hooshang Farajee2

1. Former Msc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran 2. Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University

Corresponding author: Nasrin niknam

ABSTRACT: Dayer is a city of Bushehr in southern of Iran, on the Persian Gulf coast. It has 3 parts: the central and Bord Khun and Abdan. As regards, the traditional use of medicinal plants in the region was immense; So Study of medicinal plants is useful for understanding their traditional application. The purpose of this study was to identify Medicinal plants, which are the most used. Their distribution was identified using the knowledge and experience of indigenous and introduced the properties and characteristics of these plants. After identification of plant samples using authentic flora, full details of each species were recorded. In this research 32 species of medicinal plants were collected and identified and distribution was mentioned. Abundance of species are: 6 species was belonging to the family of Apiaceous (umbelifereae), Labiatae and papilionacea (4 species), Composite and Astraea and Aracardiaceae (3 species), Oleacea and Boraginaceae and Malvaceae (2 species), Liliaceous and Polygonacea and Cucurbitaceous and Plantginaceae and poacea (1 species).

Keywords: Distribution, medicinal plants

INTRODUCTION

Large human population in developing countries is dependent on plant resources for healthcare because allopathic medicine can cure a wide range of diseases, but its high prices and occasional side-effects are causing many people to return to herbal medicines which tend to have fewer side effects. Medicinal and aromatic plants play a significant role in the life of people and are present in innumerable forms. The term of medicinal plants include a various types of plants used in herbalist and some of these plants have a medicinal activities. These medicinal plants consider as a rich resources of ingredients which can be used in drug development and synthesis. Besides that these plants play a critical role in the development of human cultures around the whole world. Medicinal plants have a promising future because there are about half million plants around the world, and most of them their medical activities have not investigate yet, and their medical activities could be decisive in the treatment of present or future studies. Dayer is a city of Bushehr in southern of Iran, on the Persian Gulf coast. It has 3 parts: the central and Bord Khun and Abdan. As regards, the traditional use of medicinal plants in the region was immense; So Study of medicinal plants is useful for understanding their traditional application. The purpose of this study was to identify Medicinal plants, which are the most used. Research to identify medicinal plants in order to meet the needs of the community in understanding the properties and use of medicinal plants is widespread.

Intl J Farm & Alli Sci. Vol., 4 (5): 387-390, 2015

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Extensive field surveys were undertaken the year 2015 to gather data on medicinal plant species and their uses in Dayer village In Bushehr Province. During the surveys, attempts were made to collect all possible information regarding the traditional use of medicinal plants, part(s) used and ailment cured. A semi-structured questionnaire survey, consultation and group discussion with local herbal practitioner were conducted. Direct interviews were conducted with local people having knowledge about the medicinal plants and their uses. At first interviews were conducted using the ‘specimen display’ method. In this method, after collecting plant specimens for research, we showed these fresh specimens to the locals in order to elicit information. Later we also recorded photo of these plants and showed to the people to confirm the identity. The same plant specimens were shown to different people to confirm the accuracy of the results. When convenient to the participants, they were asked to accompany the information gathering. Several village headman, local healers, and shepherds were consulted to verify the information on indigenous use of plant species. The plant collections were identified with the help of Flora iranica, Flora of turkey, Flora of Iran (Assadi 2010, Rechinger 1983,). After identification of plant samples using authentic flora, full details of each species were recorded.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results In this research 32 species of medicinal plants were collected and identified and distribution was mentioned (Table 1). This indicates the high diversity of medicinal plants species in Dayer City. Abundance of species are: 6 species was belonging to the family of Apiaceous (umbelifereae), Labiatae and papilionacea (4 species), Composite and Astraea and Aracardiaceae (3 species), Oleacea and Boragina ceae and Malvaceae (2 species), Liliaceous and Polygonacea and Cucurbitaceous and Plantginaceae and poacea (1 species). Among medicinal plants, the recorded species of herbs, shrubs, trees are 37, 40 and 20 percent, respectively. About 40% of the species were used for their leaves followed by fruit and seeds (33%) and root (10%) and bark (3.3%) and rhizome (6%) and stem (3%). The main problems treated by traditional medicine in the study area are stomach pain, fever, cough, wounds, diabetes and diarrhea, and there is also a consensus about the plants to treat these ailments. The people of the area possessing good knowledge of herbal drugs but due to modernization, their knowledge of traditional uses of plants may be lost in due course. So it is important to study and document the uses of plants by different local communities. The substantial increase in the popularity of plant-based medicine for a variety of illnesses and symptoms is reported recently which reflects that medicinal plants had continued to be used extensively as a major source of drugs for the treatment of many ailments.

Table 1. List of medicinal plants form Dayer city and their medicinal uses

Species Family Growth Used part Use(s)/ailment treated habit Lavndulas Tricta Labiatae shrub Flower, Flower heads and root Astagalus Spinosas Compositae Tree Root, Heart disease, cold, Respiratory infection Pistacia Khinjuk Anacardiacea Tree Seed Anti inflammatory, anti microbial Parslane Herb Leaf Soothing Bile, Cut internal bleeding, Relieve headache Silybum Marianum Asteraceae shrub Treatment of liver disease, Soothing Bile, hepatitis, jaundice Capparis Spinosa Shrub Root, fruit Kidney disease, spleen liver, low mood, nerves Scoparia Amygdalus Tree Seed Pain relief, anti lice Malva Parviflora Malvacea Herb Leaf, root Anti cough, respiratory disease, dysentery, regulate blood sugar

388

Intl J Farm & Alli Sci. Vol., 4 (5): 387-390, 2015

Olean Euopaea Oleacea Tree Fruit Reduction of blood pressure, blood cholesterol, intestinal inflammation, asthma and arthritis treatment Nigella Arvensis Oleaceae herb Seed Anti convulsion, anti bloat, Ziziphusspina Christi Rhmnaceae Shrub Fruit Fatal stomach worms, For Cool temperament is harmful, is harmful. Causes Strengthen the hair. Causes Strengthen the nerves. Cordia Myxa Umbeliferea Tree Leaf, bark Reduce cough, Thirst- quenching, Relieve indigestion, reducing fever, Headache Relief, Healing Anthum Graveolensdhi Umbeliferea Herb Leaf Increased secretion of milk,reduce colic, Reduce stomach pain, Hemorrhoid, Insomnia, Jaundice, Wound Rumex Alpinusl Polygonaceae Shrub Rhizome, leaf Febrifugal, blood cathartic, stomach strengthening, amplify liver, tuber removal, decreased blood fatness Thymus Serpyllum labiatae shrub Leaf, Flower heads Spasm contrary, bronchitis, treatment cough, influenza, colic treatment, muscular obstruction Ducrosia Anctifolia Umbeliferea (Apiacea) shrub Seed Colic opposite, stomach treatment Alhaji Cametorum Paplionaceae Shrub Stem, leaf Cough calmative, febrifuge, colic dissolve, spasm Peganum Harmala Zygophyllaceae Shrub Seed Expectorant drug, disinfection Anthemis sp Compositeae Herb Flower heads Dyspepsia, indigestion, opposite of swelling, indigestion, disinfection, heart burn treatment, Stomach ache treatment Teucrium Polium Labiatae Herb Flower heads Diabetic treatment, rheumatism treatment, opposite of convulsion, Eruca sativa Cruciferea Herb Whole plant Opposite of scurvy, fatigue removal and tonic Mentha Pulegium Labiatea Herb Leaf and Flower Anti muscle cramps, heads Insect repellent, Carminative, Facilitating digestion, tonic, Expectorant drug, Antitoxin Plantago Ovate Plantaginaceae Herb Seed Skin inflammation treatment, Wound healing, Swollen eye treatment, Stomach ache treatment Cichorium Intubus Compositea Herb Leaf, rhizome Jaundice treatment, Artery disease treatment, Measles, Skin inflammation, tonic, Blood purifier, Excretion of urinary tract

389

Intl J Farm & Alli Sci. Vol., 4 (5): 387-390, 2015

Achitlea Mitlefolium Asteraceae Herb Leaf and Flower degreaser heads Blood pressure, ` C.Melo cucurbitaceous Shrub Seed and fruit Blood purifier, Excretion of urinary tract, Nephrolithiasis, Gout treatment, Removing wrinkles, Elimination of Dysuria Salvia sp Labiatea (Lamiacea) Shrub Flower heads Opposite cough, tonic, stomach upset, disinfection, decreased blood glucose, Artemisia Scoperia Compositea shrub Leaf For kidney stone, hammer Phoenix Doctylifera Palmacea tree fruit and Flower Hype energy, Opposite heads stomach cancer, storm door gastric acid deactivate, include Iron and calcium and phosphorus and vitamin C,

Discussion Dayer city is rich in plant diversity and local inhabitants are using medicinal plants traditionally for curing different ailments. So, preservation of the indigenous knowledge of plants used in traditional health care is very important. People utilize different parts of the plant for medicinal purposes. So it is important to study and document the uses of plants by different local communities. The substantial increase in the popularity of plant-based medicine for a variety of illnesses and symptoms is reported recently which reflects that medicinal plants had continued to be used extensively as a major source of drugs for the treatment of many ailments REFERENCES

Assadi M, Maassoumi A.A, Khatamsaz M and Mozaffarian V. 2010. Flora of Iran (In Persian). Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland Press. Tehran. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants inKazeroon, Iran. 2012. Identification, distribution and traditional usage (In Persian). J. Med. Plants; 42: 163 - 78. Kala CP. 2005. Current status of medicinal plants used by traditional Vaidyas in Uttaranchal state of India. Ethnobot Res Appl 2005; 3:267- 278.110, 95, 90, 70, 66, 68, 56, 34, 32, 26.150, 149, 147, 145, 144, 140, 139, 136, 126, 125, 123, 122, 121, 120, 117, 112, 1970; 3; 6-7, 14-15, 24-25, 27, 34-35, 37-40, 43, 49- 51 Rechinger K. 1982. Flora iranica; No: 162, 161, 158, 157, 154, 152, 151, Sartavi K and Gholamian F. 2004. Medicinal Plants of Bushehr Province (In Persian). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Res; 20 : 213 - 27. Soltani pour M. 2006. edicinal plants of Geno protected area (In Persian). Pajouhesh & Sazandegi in Natural Resources; 18 (3): 27 - 37. Mahmoud T. 2010. Desert Plants of Egypt's Wadi El Gemal National Park. American University in Cairo Press: Cairo, 2010. Nat Environ. 2011. 3(3):104-117.

390