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Alitta Succinea (Leuckart in Frey & Leuckart, 1847)

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Alitta Succinea (Leuckart in Frey & Leuckart, 1847) POLYCHAETA Alitta succinea (Leuckart in Frey & Leuckart, 1847) Phylum Annelida Lamarck, 1809 Clase Polychaeta Grube, 1850 Orden Phyllodocida Dales, 1962 Suborden Nereidiformia Glasby, 1993 Distribución Superfamilia Nereidoidea de Blainville, 1818 Familia Nereididae de Blainville, 1818 Como especie nativa Género Alitta Kinberg, 1866 Mar del Norte. En bahías, estuarios, deltas Nombre común: Neréidido pardo del noratlántico y puertos de Alemania, Países Bajos, Francia y Reino Unido; y en fiordos de Dinamarca (Villalobos-Guerrero, 2012 y referencias ahí citadas). Como especie exótica en Sinaloa y Pacífico mexicano Pacífico mexicano: Baja California (?), Baja California Sur (?) y Sonora (Villalobos- Guerrero et al., 2012 y referencias ahí citadas). Sinaloa: Estuarios El Colorado (Ahome), Topolobampo y Urías; bahías de Macapule y Mazatlán; y puerto de Mazatlán (Villalobos-Guerrero et al., 2012 y referencias ahí citadas). Como especie exótica en otras regiones Más de 50 países de ambos litorales de los océanos Atlántico, Pacífico e Índico. En los mares Adriático, Arábigo, Aral, Azov, Báltico, Cantábrico, Caspio, de China, Egeo, Mediterráneo, Negro, Rojo y Tirreno; así como en el mar Caribe, de Cortés, Golfo de México y Golfo de Saint Lawrence (Villalobos-Guerrero, 2012 y referencias Estructuras diagnósticas de Alitta succinea. a) Vista dorsal de la faringe, b) ahí citadas). vista ventral de la misma, c) parápodo anterior, d) mismo medio, e) mismo posterior. Números romanos indican las áreas en que se subdivide de la faringe. Abreviaturas: Cd, cirro dorsal; LiNtD, lígula notopodal dorsal; LiNtV, lígula notopodal ventral; LoNtPr, lóbulo notopodal presetal; Cv, cirro ventral. Modificada Foto: Bahena-Basave, H. de Villalobos-Guerrero (2012). Diagnosis Hábitat Coloración parda, más notoria en la región dorsal Estuarios, puertos y bahías de climas anterior; cabeza oscura. Cuerpo alargado, alcanzan tropicales y templados; lagos salinos. hasta 40 mm de longitud y 120 segmentos; robusto Entre rocas, grava, arena, arcilla y anteriormente, delgado y aplanado en la región lodo; asociada a esponjas, ascidias, posterior. Dientes cónicos, distribuidos en áreas, ostiones, otros moluscos, balanos variables en número aunque frecuentemente: I= y tubos de poliquetos; sobre algas, 3, II= 18, III= 13, IV= 20, V= 5, VI= 8 y VII-VIII= más de pastos marinos, madera; raíces de 50. Notópodos con lóbulo presetal en segmentos mangle y en fondos de granjas anteriores; lígula dorsal muy alargada, ancha y camaronícolas; sobre sustratos comprimida en segmentos posteriores. Cirro dorsal artificiales como boyas metálicas, corto en segmentos posteriores. Setas dorsales con cascos de embarcaciones y pilotes de espinígeros homogonfos (Villalobos-Guerrero, 2012). muelles (Villalobos-Guerrero, 2012). 8 Mecanismo de introducción Intencional: Alimento en la industria acuícola en Norteamérica (Villalobos-Guerrero, 2012). Accidental: Esclerobionte en cascos de embarcaciones; como larva en aguas de lastre; como epibionte de moluscos de importancia comercial o en los contenedores (Villalobos- Guerrero, 2012). Impacto Las elevadas densidades en las que se ha registrado indican que esta especie compite con la fauna nativa por espacio y alimento. En Dinamarca la especie desplaza a otros neréididos nativos (Miron & Kristensen, 1993). Depreda larvas de ostiones de importancia comercial, e incluso libera sustancias químicas que aumentan la mortalidad de éstas (Barnes et al., 2010). Además, acumula elevadas concentraciones de selenio capaces de perturbar el éxito reproductivo de peces y aves que la consumen (Setmire et al., 1993). Se desconocen las pérdidas económicas que causa esta especie; sin embargo, es probable que la remoción de la fauna esclerobionte, donde A. succinea es abundante, genere gastos significativos (Villalobos-Guerrero, 2012b). Foto: Villalobos- Guerrero, T. F. Foto: Bahena-Basave, H. Ejemplar de Alitta succinea después de la fijación (hembra grávida). Referencias Barnes, B. B., Luckenbach, M. W. & Kingsley-Smith, P. R. 2010. Oyster reef community interactions: The effect Biología Comentarios of resident fauna on oyster (Crassostrea spp.) larval recruitment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology Alimentación Alitta succinea fue redescrita por Bakken and Ecology. 391: 169–177. Detritívora no-selectiva de la superficie. & Wilson (2005) con material cercano a la Bakken, T. & Wilson, R. S. 2005. Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths. Zoologica Consume partículas de sedimento localidad tipo y corroboraron su amplia Scripta. 34(5): 507–547. entre 20–300 µm, entre ellas: tejido distribución. Es la única especie del género Miron, G. & Kristensen, E. 1993. Factors influencing the muerto, detritus, bacterias, diatomeas, en el Pacífico mexicano. Fue registrada distribution of nereid polychaetes: the sulfide aspect. dinoflagelados, protozoarios, anfípodos, por primera vez en México por Enrique Marine Ecology Progress Series. 93: 143–153. Setmire, J., Schroeder, R., Densmore, J., Goodbred, S., poliquetos, incluso de su misma especie Rioja con muestras recolectadas en 1945 Audet, D. & Radtke, W. 1993. Detailed study of water (Villalobos-Guerrero, 2012). en Macapule, Sinaloa. Dos años más tarde, quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Salton Sea Area, CA, 1988– Reproducción la registró en los estuarios El Colorado y Agiabampo; y en 1963, la registró para 1990. US Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA. Sexual: Gonocórica (sexos separados); Villalobos-Guerrero, T. F. 2012. Capítulo VIII. Ficha técnica presenta fase epitoca, la metamorfosis Mazatlán. A partir de este último, diversos y análisis de riesgo de Alitta succinea (Leuckart in es más evidente en machos. Fertilización autores la han registrado en el Estero Frey & Leuckart, 1847) (Polychaeta: Nereididae). En: Low Pfeng, A. M. & Peters Recagno, E. M. (Eds.). externa en la superficie de la columna de de Urías y Mazatlán. Recientemente, se efectuó el análisis para su detección Invertebrados marinos exóticos en el Pacífico mexicano. agua entre un sinnúmero de individuos. Geomare, A. C., INE-SEMARNAT. México. En prensa. Semélpara, muere después de concluir el en Sinaloa, ocupa el primer lugar en Villalobos-Guerrero, T. F., Yáñez-Rivera, B. & Tovar- proceso reproductivo. Factores endócrinos, abundancia entre los poliquetos errantes Hernández, M. A. 2012. Capítulo IV. Polychaeta. En: Low Pfeng, A. M. & Peters Recagno, E. M. (Eds.). ambientales y feromonas sincronizan de los sustratos de origen antrópico y el segundo lugar entre los poliquetos Invertebrados marinos exóticos en el Pacífico mexicano. la reproducción. Estadios larvarios Geomare, A. C., INE-SEMARNAT. México. En prensa. prolongados, larva con 6–9 segmentos se exóticos de Mazatlán. Posiblemente fue asienta entre 10–14 días. Larva pelágica, introducida como esclerobionte en el casco probablemente lecitotrófica (Villalobos- de embarcaciones (Villalobos-Guerrero, Guerrero, 2012). 2012). 9 POLYCHAETA Phylum Annelida Lamarck, 1809 Branchiomma bairdi (McIntosh, 1885) Clase Polychaeta Grube, 1850 Orden Sabellida Latreille, 1825 Diagnosis Familia Sabellidae Latreille, 1825 Género Branchiomma Kölliker, 1859 Tubícola; tubos cimentados con arena Nombre común: Plumero verde fina. Solitaria o gregaria (>30 individuos). Cuerpo alcanza hasta 40 mm de longitud; verde olivo con marcas pardas, manchas oculares al costado de cada segmento, Hábitat disminuyen hacia la región posterior. Corona branquial con 16 pares de radiolos; Aguas marinas o salobres de bandas alternadas verde olivo y blancas; clima tropical. Sobre hojas de manchas anaranjadas en el eje del radiolo. Thalassia testudinum, raíces de Macroestílodos en forma de correa (largas), mangle, ostiones (Crassostrea principalmente en la mitad del radiolo, gigas y C. sikamea), sustratos de el resto digitiformes (cortas). Ojos rojos origen antrópico como pilotes o anaranjados en los radiolos. Collar de muelles (de madera y metal), separado dorsalmente; lóbulos ventrales muelles flotantes de fibra de vidrio, subtriangulares, con ápices redondeados. cascos de embarcaciones, boyas Tórax usualmente con ocho segmentos. metálicas, cabos, compuertas de Uncinos en forma de gancho, con 2–3 granjas camaronícolas y charolas de hileras de dientes, ocupan un 1/3 de la cultivo de granjas ostrícolas (Tovar- longitud (Tovar-Hernández et al., 2009b; Hernández & Yáñez-Rivera, 2012) y Tovar-Hernández & Yáñez-Rivera, 2012). en lodo (Çinar, 2009). Estructuras diagnósticas de Branchiomma bairdi: a) Radiolo que muestra los macroestílodos en forma de correa, b) uncinos. Modificada de Tovar- Hernández et al. (2009b). Distribución Como especie nativa Gran Caribe. En la costa atlántica de Estados Unidos de América (Florida), México (Veracruz, Yucatán y Quintana Roo) y Panamá (Colón); Aruba, Bermuda, Curaçao, Jamaica y Saint Thomas (Tovar-Hernández & Knight-Jones, 2006). Como especie exótica en Sinaloa y Pacífico mexicano Pacífico mexicano: Playa Balandra y La Paz (Baja California Sur), Guaymas y San Carlos (Sonora) (Tovar-Hernández, obs. pers.). Sinaloa: Guasave, Ahome y puerto de Mazatlán (Villalobos-Guerrero et al., 2012 y referencias ahí citadas); Topolobampo (Tovar-Hernández, obs. pers.). Como especie exótica en otras regiones 10 Región turca del mar Levantino (Çinar, 2009). Fotos: Bahena-Basave, H. Individuos del plumero verde (Branchiomma bairdi) con corona branquial expuesta o retraídos en el interior del tubo. Colonias adheridas a boyas metálicas de señalización. Impacto Mecanismo de introducción
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