Waste Management in Region, Päijät-Häme Waste Management Ltd (PHJ)

Updated 27.9.2015 SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen 2 Lahti region / Päijät-Häme

Lahti region in brief Population: 203 000 Population per km²: 39 RUSSIA Households: 98 000

FINLAND Businesses: 13 000

Area: 6 300 km² Water area: 1 125 km² SWEDEN No. of lakes and ponds: approx. 100 ESTONIA Shoreline: approx. 5 500 km LATVIA

LITHUANIA

UK

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Päijät-Häme Waste Management Ltd (PHJ) Lahti Energy Ltd.

• 12 owner municipalities, majority • Owner is City of Lahti shareholder (51,5%) City of • founded in 1907 Lahti • founded in 1993 • Net sales 183 million € • turnover in 2014: €13,5 million • personnel: 254 employees • personnel: 38 regular • Core business is to generate employees, as well as electricity and to use process contractors’ staff heat for district heating • Certified management system:

• ISO 14001, ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001 SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen

Lahti – Green City

Strong environment-friendly profile – Goal to cut CO₂ emissions 50% on 1990 levels by 2025 – Political support for CHP and non-fossil fuels

Local waste management company utilises and recycles 94% of all waste in the area – Only 6% to landfill

Lahti Energy has gasified SRF and co-fired it in the Kymijärvi I coal burner since 1998 103 000 inhabitants 100 km North from capital

5.10.2015 SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Factors governing waste treatment operations

• EU directives incl. waste, incineration, landfills, packaging, vehicle scrap, WEEE • Finnish Waste Act and Waste Decree - duties, responsibilities, recovery system • Government Decrees incl. landfills, incineration, waste under producers’ responsibility – quality requirements for landfill design, establishment, use, decommissioning and aftercare • National waste plan - sets targets for reducing and recovering waste • Environmental authorities - environmental permits, inspection duties, reporting • Tax authorities - waste tax, inventory accounting • Päijät-Häme Waste Board (waste management authority) – Municipal waste regulations and fees, decisions conserning residential waste management • Owner municipalities – partnership and shareholder agreement – board of directors, municipal rounds

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Funding of communal waste management (PHJ)

Costs Income

Waste treatment and handling Household-based eco-fee in own and other facilities: (basic fee of waste management) sorting, storaging, incineration, • Permanent residence 21,50 €/year gasification etc. • Leisure residence 12,50 €/year

Waste charges • Reception charges at service stations Landfill aftercare PHJ

Waste tax Handling and reception charges at the Weigh 55 €/ton Station

Maintaining of service network, guiding and counselling Outsold waste for material recovery / reuse

Päijät-Häme Waste Board (waste management authority) sets the fees/charges for waste.

Domestic waste management is not funded by government (taxation) but with waste charges set by communal authorities.

Waste transport companies charge residences when emptying the waste bins.

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Municipal Waste Sorting System

Sorting starts in the kitchen

Energy Waste video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgTy3zKbM74

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Multi-unit dwellings Detached houses, terraced houses, leisure homes

Multi-unit dwellings with at least 10 apartments Detached houses and small properties as well as are obliged according to municipal waste leisure homes with less than 10 apartments management are obliged according to municipal waste regulations to have seven sorting bins regulations to have two waste sorting bins:

• Biowaste • Mixed waste • Energy waste • Energy waste • Mixed waste • (Paper: apartments with at least three apartments) • Paper • Composting of bio-waste is recommended • Cardboard • Glass and metal packaging to • Metal the recycling point • Glass

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Non-residential properties Municipal waste management regulations

All: • mixed waste (residual waste) • energy waste

20 kg/week: • cardboard* • glass* • metal*

50 litres/week: • biowaste* 50 kg/week: • wood* Paper according to Finnish Waste Act (49 ja 50 §)

*Obligation to separate involves areas under city/town plans in , , , Lahti, ja (not Artjärvi).

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Kujala Waste Treatment Centre

70 hectares, 30-year lease from City of Lahti. In 2014 total 184 000 tons of waste received, of which 91 % recovered

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Waste management helps to prevent climate change

1. waste prevention is the most important waste management method to limit climate change – incl. efficient use of materials, getting more from less, durable and repairable products 2. eliminate bio-waste from landfills, into supervised modern composting or digestors 3. waste sorting for material recovery 4. methane capturing at landfills 5. combustible waste for energy production to replace fossil fuels 6. efficient rubbish collections – remove overlapping journeys by centralised competitive tenders, up to 40% savings

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Energy Waste Residual Waste or (combustible waste) Mixed Waste Plastic and paper-based packaging waste Waste that cannot go to material recovery or for energy waste (SRF production) AlsoNOTE: clothes Not PVC and plasticother textiles (symbol 03) -> to waste incinerator for energy No aluminium! production

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen Two ways: 60 % from MSW to energy recovery

Energy waste Mixed Waste

21 % 39 %

Gasification in Lahti Incineration in Kotka

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen MURRE Treatment of energy waste and wood waste • A shredding plant in Kujala Waste Treatment Center, MURRE • Investment cost 4,4 milj. € in 2011 • Two processing-lines: for energy waste and for wood • The plant turns sorted energy waste into high quality Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) by shredding, screening and separating (metals). • The fuel is sold to Lahti Energy Ltd (Gasification TYRANNOSAURUS® SRF prosessing plant from plant) BMH Technology

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen From stores, industry, homes  Our SRF is prepared from household, industrial and commercial waste  SRF consists of used plastic, wood and paper products which are unsuitable for material recycling  Lahti Energy buy ready-made SRF and do not handle waste itself

5.10.2015 www.lahtigasification.com

Fuel gasification

5.10.2015 www.lahtigasification.com Purification of gas gives more power

Kymijärvi II Burning of Burning in the unpurified gas boiler without gasifigation Electricity (MW) 45 10-25 5-13 District heat (MW) 90 100-110 60-70 Steam temperature (C) 540 350-450 350-450 Steam pressure (bar) 121 40-65 40-65

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen 5.10.2015 www.lahtigasification.com Energy MWh generated from waste in PHJ

MWh / year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Fuel from Separately collected 47 331 40 005 101 191 62 872 67 627 energy waste Recovered wood fuel 33 709 35 952 36 422 57 464 37 309

Wood chips (brush and 6 795 3 083 9 534 4 547 2 409 stumps)

Energy recovery from mixed 77 784 79 550 91 694 103 699 106 996 waste

Landfill gas 4 225 12 750 11 390 7 424 67 00

Total MWh/year 169 844 171 340 250 231 236 006 221 041

The amount of energy in 2014 represents the amount to heat approx. 11 000 single-family houses for one year (20 MWh /y)

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen MSW recovery in Europe 2014

120%

100% 5%

31% 25% 80%

60% 60% 26% 42% 97%

40%

20% 43% 32% 35%

0% 0% 3% EU Suomi Romania PHJ* recycling and composting energy recovery landfill

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen The amount of waste (tonnes) / processing functions

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 LATE Sorting terminal Recyclable waste fields MURRE Energy waste processing plant Liquid Waste OILI Contaminated soil Landfill Biowaste to LABIO

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen One bag of energy waste contains 10 kWh energy.

That can keep 12W energy saving light pulp on over 800 hours.

SETCleanTech Russia 6-8.10.2015 IPLA Global Forum Conference P. Oksanen 5.10.2015 www.lahtigasification.com 5.10.2015Thank you! www.lahtigasification.com