Prophet, Priest, and King : the Impact of a Pastoral Theology Course on The
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Any duplication, reproduction, or modification of this material without express written consent from Asbury Theological Seminary and/or the original publisher is prohibited. Contact B.L. Fisher Library Asbury Theological Seminary 204 N. Lexington Ave. Wilmore, KY 40390 B.L. Fisher Library’s Digital Content place.asburyseminary.edu Asbury Theological Seminary 205 North Lexington Avenue 800.2ASBURY Wilmore, Kentucky 40390 asburyseminary.edu ABSTRACT PROPHET, PRIEST AND KING: THE IMPACT OF A PASTORAL THEOLOGY COURSE ON THE PRACTICE OF PENTECOSTAL PASTORS IN THE PHILIPPINES by Albert C. Clavo Many pastors experience ministry dissatisfaction because they lack a coherent theology of ministry that ties together all their pastoral roles in a biblical and theological framework that is both Christ-centered and relevant to their pastoral work. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a course on pastoral theology based on the threefold ministry of Christ as prophet, priest, and king that was taught to a group of Pentecostal pastors in the Philippines. The research utilized three questionnaires designed to track tne pastors understanding of their ministry and the practical effects of such an understanding. This study showed that when pastoral work is centered in Christ's own ministry where all pastoral roles converge under the headings of prophet, priest, and king, the .result is a more satisfying experience of ministry. DISSERTATION APPROVAL This is to certify that the dissertation entitled PROPHET, PRIEST, AND KING: THE IMPACT OF A PASTORAL THEOLOGY COURSE ON THE PRACTICE OF PENTECOSTAL PASTORS IN THE PHILIPPINES presented by Albert C. Clavo has been accepted towards fiilfillment of the requirements for the DOCTOR OF MINISTRY degree at Asbury Theological Seminary PROPHET, PRIEST, AND KING: THE IMPACT OF A PASTORAL THEOLOGY COURSE ON THE PRACTICE OF PENTECOSTAL PASTORS IN THE PHILIPPINES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Asbury Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment Of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Ministry by Albert C. Clavo May 2008 c 2008 Albert C. Clavo ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS x CHAPTER 1 PROBLEM I Introduction I Purpose 9 Research Questions 9 Research Question #1 9 Research Question #2 9 Research Question #3 9 Definition of Terms 10 Ministry Intervention 10 Context of the Study 13 Methodology 14 Participants 14 Variables 15 Instrumentation 16 Data Collection 16 Data Analysis 16 Delimitations and Generalizability 16 Theological Foundation 17 iii Overview 20 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE 21 In Search of an Applicable Metaphor 21 Pastoral Ministry as Care of Souls 22 Pastoral Ministry as Shepherding 23 Pastoral Ministry as Corporate CEO 25 Biblical Theology for Prophet, Priest, and King 32 Prophet 33 Priest 35 King 37 Historical Theology 38 Pastoral Theology in the Threefold Ministry of Christ 42 The Pastor s Prophetic Role 49 The Pastor's Priestly Role 53 The Pastor's Kingly Role 55 Conclusion 57 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 58 Research Questions 58 Research Question #1 58 Research Question #2 59 Research Question #3 60 Participants 60 IV Instruments 61 Ministry Satisfaction Survey 61 Entrance Questionnaire 61 Clarification Interview 61 Exit Questionnaire 62 Follow-up Evaluation Questionnaire 62 Variables 62 Scale 63 Reliability and Validity 64 Pretest 64 Data Collection 64 Data Analysis 65 Control 65 Ethics 66 Summary of Study 66 CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS 67 Profile of Participants 67 Pentecostal 67 Demographics 68 Ministry Satisfaction Survey Pretest 69 Ministry Satisfaction Survey 69 Ministry Preparation 71 Ministry Experience 72 Interpersonal Relationships 73 Entrance Questionnaire 74 Definition of Pastoring 74 Biblical and Theological Framework 75 Pastoral Images 75 Theological Doctrine 76 Pastoral Roles 76 Change in Ministry Context 77 Interview 77 Ministry Preparation 77 Impact on Marriage and Children 78 Appreciation 79 Pentecostal Distinctives 80 Exit Questionnaire 80 A New Understanding 81 Biblical and Theological Framework 81 Practical Effects 82 Follow-up Evaluation Questionnaire 83 Specific Impact on Pastoral Roles 88 Summary 90 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION 91 The Need for a Christ-Centered Pastoral Theology 91 Different Demographics, Same Results 93 vi The Ministry of the Holy Spirit 93 Hopeful Optimism 96 Implications of Study 96 Limitations and Weaknesses 97 Recommendations 99 Personal Reflection 1 00 APPENDIXES Appendix A: Letter tO Church of God National Overseer 102 Appendix B: Response of Church of God National Overseer 103 Appendix C: Cover Letter for Church of God Convention Survey 104 Appendix D: Ministry Satisfaction Survey 105 Appendix E: Cover Letter for Study Group 107 Appendix F: Study Group Covenant 108 Appendix G: Entrance Questionnaire for Pastors' Study Group 109 Appendix H: Clarification Interview 1 1 1 Appendix 1: Brief Outline of Pastoral Theology Course 112 Appendix J: Exit Questionnaire for Pastors' Study Group 113 Appendix K: Cover Letter for Follow-up Evaluation 1 15 Appendix L: Follow-up Evaluation Questionnaire 116 WORKS CITED 118 WORKS CONSULTED 128 vii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1.1. Results of 1991 Survey of American Pastors 5 Table 1.2. Results of 1996 Informal Survey of Filipino Pentecostal Pastors 6 Table 2.1. Organism versus Organization 27 Table 2.2. Corporation versus Community 30 Table 2.3. Threefold Office of Christ 41 Table 2.4. Comparison of Pastoral Roles 45 Table 2.5. Pastoral Roles under the Threefold Ministry 47 Table 4.1. Profile of Pastors 70 Table 4.2. Ministry Preparation 71 Table 4.3. Ministry Experience 73 Table 4.4. Interpersonal Relationships 74 Table 4.5 Impact on Prophetic Ministries 85 Table 4.6. Impact on Priestly Ministries 86 Table 4.7. Impact on Kingly Ministries 87 viii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.1 Two Models of Pastoral Leadership 27 Figure 2.2 Segregated Ministry 48 Figure 2.3 Integrated Threefold Ministry 49 IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study and the research that went into it would not have been possible without the heartfelt prayers and encouragement of various individuals in the past four years. First on the list is my wife, Barbara, whom 1 appreciate for her patience and love for me and our children, especially during the times when 1 was on campus and away from home. I want to thank my co-pastors at Lighthouse Christian Community from whom I learned so much about being a pastor and a servant of God. 1 also thank my elders and church members for their humble support and love towards me. 1 thank my denominational leaders and the pastors who participated in the surveys and study group. 1 thank Dr. Stephen Seamands whose class on Theology of Ministry was responsible for setting my mind towards my dissertation topic and who gladly accepted my request to be an internal reader. 1 thank Dr. Ruth Rambo, my dissertation mentor, for her invaluable insights towards my dissertation. 1 thank Dr. Leslie Andrews and all the D.Min. office staff for their incalculable assistance towards the completion of this project. 1 thank Dr. David Rambo for accepting me into the Beeson International Leaders program. 1 appreciate as well my classmates who are leaders in their respective fields of ministry all over the world. Together, we have finished the race. Finally, 1 thank Jesus Christ, my prophet, priest, and king. He is the pastor of my soul, and to him 1 owe my life, both now and for eternity. X Clavo 1 CHAPTER 1 PROBLEM Introduction "Christian ministry is not my asking Christ to join me in my ministry as 1 offer him to others, but rather it is my joining with him in his ongoing ministry as he offers himself to others through me" (Seamands, Ministiy 9). These words of Dr. Stephen Seamands struck a chord in my heart and mind while attending his class in 2006. Oftentimes pastors venture out each day into ministry engaging in various activities and performing different pastoral roles only to come to the end of the day wondering if they accomplished anything of significance. Many pastors, including myself, tend to look at ministry as their ministry, and Christ is present simply to bless it. This understanding of ministry could certainly lead to some level of success, but along the way it would inevitably miss the mark. As an ordained bishop within the Church of God, a Pentecostal denomination. 1 have had the opportunity over the years to interact with many of the denomination's pastors through ministers' conferences where 1 was either a delegate or a speaker. I also .have had the opportunity to teach many other pastors, mostly from Pentecostal and charismatic churches, as students in some of the courses at the Asian Seminary of Christian ministries where 1 serve as adjunct faculty. Many of the pastors I have encountered over the years were sure of their calling, citing specific Bible passages and events in their spiritual lives that led them to believe that full time pastoral work was their lifelong vocation.