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Views Expressed Are Those of the Inc., 18 Ingram Blvd., La Vergne Tn 37086 Dædalus coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus on professions Howard Gardner, Lee Shulman, William Sullivan, Geoffrey Galt & professionals Harpham, Jeanne Nakamura & Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, William Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Damon, Anne Colby, Kendall Bronk & Thomas Ehrlich, and Harvey Goldman Spring 2005 on body in mind Antonio & Hanna Damasio, A. S. Byatt, Carol Gilligan, Gerald Edelman, Jorie Graham, Richard Davidson, Raymond Dolan & Spring 2005: on imperialism comment Jonathan R. Cole Academic freedom under ½re 5 Arne Öhman, and Mark Johnson on aging Henry J. Aaron, Paul Baltes, Frank Kermode, Linda Partridge, on imperialism Niall Ferguson America, unconscious colossus 18 Dennis J. Selkoe, Caleb E. Finch, Sarah Harper, Chris Wilson, Kenneth Pomeranz ‘Civilizing’ missions, past & present 34 Jagadeesh Gokhale & Kent Smetters, Hillard Kaplan, and Lisa Anthony Pagden Empire, liberalism & the quest for perpetual peace 46 Berkman Jack Snyder A paradoxical tool for democratization 58 on identity Akeel Bilgrami, Wendy Doniger, Amartya Sen, Stephen Greenblatt, Robin Blackburn Emancipation & empire, from Cromwell Kwame Anthony Appiah, Sidney Shoemaker, Susan Green½eld, to Karl Rove 72 David A. Hollinger, Claudio Lomnitz, Carol Rovane, Todd E. Molly Greene The Ottoman experience 88 Feinberg, and Courtney Jung Henk Wesseling Imperial roots of the Great War 100 on nonviolence William H. McNeill, Adam Michnik, Jonathan Schell, James Akira Iriye Beyond empire: the new internationalism 108 & violence Carroll, Breyten Breytenbach, Mark Juergensmeyer, Steven LeBlanc, James Blight, Cindy Ness, and others poetry Franz Wright Lesson & The Choice 117 plus poetry by W. S. Merwin, Charles Wright, Peg Boyers, Jorie ½ction Margaret Atwood Four short pieces 119 Graham &c.; ½ction by Robert Coover, Ree Davis &c.; and notes by Donald Green, Robert F. Nagel, Jeri Laber, Dipesh Chakrabarty, dialogue Barry Mazur Alvin Goldman, Edward D. Lazowska, Norbert Schwarz, Rodolfo & Peter Pesic on mathematics & imagination 124 Dirzo, Joel Handler, Joan Bresnan, Lyman A. Page, Robert J. Sharer, Gustavo Perez Firmat, Lisa Randall &c. notes Michael Hechter on the 2004 presidential election 131 Morris E. Fine & Peter W. Voorhees on the education of engineers 134 U.S. $13 www.amacad.org FOUNDED 1780 g-, (;;_J:- - ............ ____ --�- 1 '---�=-��2=-�-;;::_ �-� I -��'l --- .,,,,,...... .-,; --' -- -:::,>�- 1 1 2'°�i Inside front cover: ‘Freedom on the march’: Iraqi villagers queue up to vote in the national elections in a precinct in Al Anbar province west of Baghdad, January 30, 2005. See Niall Ferguson on The unconscious colossus: limits of (& alternatives to) American empire, pages 18–33: “The United States is what it would rather not be: a colossus to some, a Goliath to others–an empire that dare not speak its name. Yet what is the alternative to American empire? If, as so many people seem to wish, the United States were to scale back its mili- tary commitments overseas, then what?” Image © Erik de Castro/Reuters/Corbis. James Miller, Editor of Dædalus Phyllis S. Bendell, Managing Editor and Director of Publications Janet Foxman, Assistant Editor Contributing Editors: Robert S. Boynton, D. Graham Burnett, Peter Pesic Board of editors Steven Marcus, Editor of the Academy Russell Banks, Fiction Adviser Rosanna Warren, Poetry Adviser Joyce Appleby (u.s. history, ucla), Stanley Hoffmann (government, Harvard), Donald Kennedy (environmental science, Stanford), Martha C. Nussbaum (law and philosophy, Chicago), Neil J. Smelser (sociology, Berkeley), Steven Weinberg (physics, University of Texas at Austin); ex of½cio: Patricia Meyer Spacks (President of the Academy), Leslie Cohen Berlowitz (Executive Of½cer) Editorial advisers Daniel Bell (sociology, Harvard), Michael Boudin (law, u.s. Court of Appeals), Wendy Doniger (religion, Chicago), Howard Gardner (education, Harvard), Clifford Geertz (anthropology, Institute for Advanced Study), Carol Gluck (Asian history, Columbia), Stephen Greenblatt (English, Harvard), Thomas Laqueur (European history, Berkeley), Alan Lightman (English and physics, mit), Steven Pinker (psychology, Harvard), Diane Ravitch (education, nyu), Richard Shweder (human development, Chicago), Frank Wilczek (physics, mit) Dædalus is designed by Alvin Eisenman Dædalus Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Design for the hedge maze is by Johan Vredeman de Vries, from Hortorum viridariorumque elegantes et multiplicis artis normam affabre delineatae (Cologne, 1615). Dædalus was founded in 1955 and established as a quarterly in 1958. The journal’s namesake was renowned in ancient Greece as an inventor, scientist, and unriddler of riddles. Its emblem, a maze seen from above, symbolizes the aspiration of its founders to “lift each of us above his cell in the labyrinth of learning in order that he may see the entire structure as if from above, where each separate part loses its comfortable separateness.” The American Academy of Arts & Sciences, like its journal, brings together distinguished individuals from every ½eld of human endeavor. It was chartered in 1780 as a forum “to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honour, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people.” Now in its third century, the Academy, with its more than four thousand elected members, continues to provide intellectual leadership to meet the critical challenges facing our world. Dædalus Spring 2005 Subscription rates: Electronic only for non- Issued as Volume 134, Number 2 member individuals–$38; institutions–$81. Canadians add 7% gst. Print and electronic © 2005 by the American Academy for nonmember individuals–$42; institu- of Arts & Sciences tions–$90. Canadians add 7% gst. Outside Academic freedom under ½re the United States and Canada add $20 for © 2005 by Jonathan R. Cole postage and handling. Prices subject to change The unconscious colossus: limits of without notice. (& alternatives to) American empire © 2005 by Niall Ferguson Institutional subscriptions are on a volume- Lesson and The Choice year basis. All other subscriptions begin with © 2005 by Franz Wright the next available issue. King Log in exile, Post-colonial, Salome was a Single issues: current issues–$13; back issues dancer, and Take charge for individuals–$13; back issues for institu- © 2005 by Margaret Atwood tions–$26. Outside the United States and Editorial of½ces: Dædalus, Norton’s Woods, Canada add $5 per issue for postage and han- 136 Irving Street, Cambridge ma 02138. dling. Prices subject to change without notice. Phone: 617 491 2600. Fax: 617 576 5088. Claims for missing issues will be honored free Email: [email protected]. of charge if made within three months of the Library of Congress Catalog No. 12-30299 publication date of the issue. Claims may be submitted to [email protected]. Mem- isbn 0-87724-048-5 bers of the American Academy please direct all Dædalus publishes by invitation only and as- questions and claims to [email protected]. sumes no responsibility for unsolicited manu- Newsstand distribution by Ingram Periodicals scripts. The views expressed are those of the Inc., 18 Ingram Blvd., La Vergne tn 37086. author of each article, and not necessarily of Phone: 800 627 6247. the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Advertising and mailing-list inquiries may be Dædalus (issn 0011-5266; e-issn 1548-6192) is addressed to Marketing Department, mit published quarterly (winter, spring, summer, Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, fall) by The mit Press, Cambridge ma 02142, Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2866. for the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Fax: 617 258 5028. Email: journals-info@ An electronic full-text version of Dædalus is mit.edu. available from The mit Press. Subscription and address changes should be addressed to Permission to photocopy articles for internal mit Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, or personal use is granted by the copyright Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2889. owner for users registered with the Copyright Fax: 617 577 1545. Email: journals-orders@ Clearance Center (ccc) Transactional Report- mit.edu. ing Service, provided that the per copy fee of $10 per article is paid directly to the ccc, Printed in the United States of America by 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers ma 01923. The Cadmus Professional Communications, fee code for users of the Transactional Report- Science Press Division, 300 West Chestnut ing Service is 0011-5266/05. Address all other Street, Ephrata pa 17522. inquiries to the Subsidiary Rights Manager, Postmaster: Send address changes to mit Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, Dædalus, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, Cambridge Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2864. ma 02142. Periodicals postage paid at Boston Fax: 617 258 5028. Email: journals-rights@ ma and at additional mailing of½ces. mit.edu. The typeface is Cycles, designed by Sumner Stone at the Stone Type Foundry of Guinda ca. Each size of Cycles has been separately designed in the tradition of metal types. Comment by Jonathan R. Cole Academic freedom under ½re Today, a half century after the 1954 expert Owen Lattimore. But a wave of House Un-American Activities Commit- repression in American universities tee held congressional hearings on com- today is apt to have even more dramatic munists in American universities, facul- consequences for the nation than the ty members are witnessing once again a repression of the Cold War. rising tide of anti-intellectualism and Compared to today,
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