“Implementation of a forecAsting System for urban heaT Island effect for the development of urban adaptation strategies” (LIFE ASTI) Action F.2 Installation of supplementary urban weather stations in Rome and Rome, June 2019

The project Implementation of a forecAsting System for urban heat Island effect for the development of urban adaptation strategies - LIFE ASTI has received funding from the LIFE Programme of the European Union”. www.lifeasti.eu

Table of contents

Executive summary ...... 4 I LIFE ASTI weather station network in Rome ...... 5 i. LIFE ASTI weather stations ...... 6 ii. Meteo Lazio weather stations ...... 7 iii. ARPA Lazio weather stations ...... 7 iv. LIFE ASTI ASTI UHI network database in Rome ...... 8 II LIFE ASTI weather station network in Thessaloniki ...... 8 i. Municipality of Thessaloniki weather stations ...... 8 ii. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki weather station ...... 10 iii. KASTOM weather stations ...... 10 Annex 1 LIFE ASTI network in Rome ...... 11 Annex 2 LIFE ASTI network in Thessaloniki ...... 14

Document Information Grant agreement number LIFE17 CCA/GR/OOO108 Project acronym LIFE ASTI Implementation of a forecAsting System for urban Project full title heaT Island effect for the development of urban adaptation strategies Project's website https://lifeasti.eu EUROPEAN COMMISSION - Executive Agency for Project instrument Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Project thematic priority Climate Change Adaptation Deliverable type Report Contractual date of delivery 31/06/2019 Actual date of delivery Installation supplementary urban weather stations Deliverable title in both cities Installation of supplementary urban Action A.2 weather stations Giampietro Casasanta, Igor Petenko, Stefania Argentini, Andrea Cecilia, Alessandro Conidi, Virginia Authors Ciardini, Apostolos Kelessis , Paraskevi Tzoumaka, Dimitrios Melas, Stavros Cheristanidis, Daphne Parliari, Serafeim Kontos Version History Issue Date Version Author(s) Partner 31-10-2018 Final Giampietro Casasanta, Igor Petenko ISAC-CNR

Disclaimer

The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein

Executive summary

LIFE ASTI, as a LIFE funded project maintains an effective and uncomplicated management. The beneficiaries integrate the respective tasks and communication with prompt processes. All procedures are simple and direct on a reasonable level.

In accordance with Action A.2 milestones, the present document describes the installation and set-up of supplementary weather stations in Rome (Italy) and Thessaloniki (), including data storage and access management. The new sensors are meant to be used in synergy with the existing networks for evaluating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) forecasting system performance (Action C.3) and contributing to assess both the local climate and its impact on thermal comfort.

More explicitly, the present report includes descriptions and specifications about the following activities: (a) new weather stations installed and set-up in both Rome and Thessaloniki to measure relevant UHI parameters; (b) integration of the existing meteorological sensor networks already operating in both the cities into the LIFE ASTI network; (c) geographical characterization of the networks; (d) data acquisition, storage and management, including synergistic integration of existing networks

I LIFE ASTI weather station network in Rome

In the framework of Action A.1, eight Davis Vantage Pro2™ Wireless Weather Stations have been purchased to integrate and support the two World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard compliant networks already existing in Rome, managed by the Regional Agency for the Environmental Protection (ARPA Lazio) and the amateur network Meteo Lazio.

The LIFE ASTI UHI network in Rome is made of 37 different weather stations operating with a synergistic approach all over the city and its suburbs, that form a unique facility specially designed to provide the high-quality meteorological data needed to characterize the UHI phenomenon with adequate spatial and temporal resolution, i.e. of the order of 1 km and 5 minutes, respectively. The geographical coverage achieved by such a network is represented in (Figure 1 LIFE ASTI synergistic network geographical coverage over Rome and its suburbs), where LIFE ASTI, Meteo Lazio and ARPA station are indicated with LIFE flags, red markers and yellow markers, respectively; a complete list

Figure 1 LIFE ASTI synergistic network geographical coverage over Rome and its suburbs

of the all the stations, along with their ID, name, latitude, longitude, altitude and Land Cover Type classification cab be found in Annex 1 LIFE ASTI network in Rome.

The synergistic network deployed during Action A.2 and described in this report will be used along with satellite observations to evaluate and assess the pilot UHI forecasting system after its pilot application (Actions C.2 and C.3).

i. LIFE ASTI weather stations Characterizing UHI and heat wave phenomena in urban environment does not require the same accuracy usually necessary in micrometeorological research activities, but still needs to respond to WMO guidelines and to be based on instruments performing reliable meteorological measurements. The Davis Vantage Pro2™ (DVP2) weather stations purchased in Action A.1 framework are low cost, WMO compliant sensors capable of measuring UHI relevant parameters with the required quality. DVP2 main specifications are summarized in Table 1, that reports range, resolution, accuracy and sampling time for each parameter measured.

Table 1 Major characteristics of the ground-based observational sites over Rome

Parameter Range Resolution Accuracy Sampling time

Temperature -40 … +65 °C 0.1 °C ± 0.3 °C 10 s

Relative Humidity 1-100 % 1 % ± 2% 50 s

Rainfall ∞ 0.2 mm ± (4%+0.2) mm 10 s

Wind direction 1-360° 1° ± 3° 2.5 s

Wind speed 0-322 km/h 1 km/h 3.2 km/h 2.5 s

Each station is composed by a set of sensors powered by a solar cell (Figure 2) that measure temperature, relative humidity, rainfall as well as wind speed and direction with a temporal resolution as low as 2.5 s. The set of sensors is installed at 2 m from the pavement on an open area rooftop of a building at least 10 m high, according to WMO recommendations. The acquired data are sent via a wireless transmitter (AnemOS emulator, produced by Omnia s.r.l) to a receiver located inside the building and coupled with a Raspberry Pi3 micro-pc acting as data logger. The micro-pc is equipped with the open source weather software WeeWx, that stores the acquired data (averaged over 5 minute) on a local SQL database and sends them in xml format via ftp to a remote server located at ISAC-CNR facility.

The eight stations purchased in A.1 action framework were deployed taking into account the positions of both the Meteo Lazio and ARPA Lazio weather stations, with the aim of integrating the existing spatial coverage as best as possible by filling those city areas that were either not included at all or expected to be crucial for UHI characterization and not well represented. It is worth to highlight that achieving this particular goal required doubling the number of additional measuring points originally expected without raising the overall cost, a task accomplished by using receivers and data loggers customized in-house by CNR-ISAC instead of those provided by the manufacturer. Also, doubling the available weather stations took more managerial effort than initially expected to enter into agreements with every single owner or administrator of the hosting buildings.

Figure 2 Davis Vantage Pro2™ Wireless Weather Station

ii. Meteo Lazio weather stations Meteo Lazio is an amateur weather stations network operating with more than 150 measurement sites in Central Italy, 28 of which are located in Rome and its suburbs. This organization agreed to support CNR-ISAC in retrieving meteorological parameters relevant to UHI characterization, and has been included in the project synergistic network.

Before being accepted as a LIFE ASTI measurement point, each station was carefully inspected to verify the compliancy with WMO recommendations, the general quality of the acquired data and the reliability of its data acquisition and transmission system. Most of them turned out to be deployed correctly and equipped with either a DVP2 or a Davis Vantage Vue™ set of sensors, but in some cases not all of them were working properly, or the acquisition software was not capable of providing data with the requested temporal resolution. Where possible, the acquisition chain was replaced with the very same system used by LIFE ASTI stations (§1.1), but despite all the effort 3 measuring points had to be excluded, leaving 25 out of 28 suitable weather stations (Figure 1, red marker).

As for the LIFE ASTI weather stations previously described, 5 minutes-averaged data are sent via ftp (in xml format) to the remote ISAC-CNR server to be stored and prepared for further analysis.

iii. ARPA Lazio weather stations A cooperation agreement with ARPA Lazio made available 4 additional measuring points from its micrometeorological regional network, all located in the urban/suburban area of Rome (Figure 1, yellow marker) and equipped with scientific quality instruments, namely a triaxial sonic anemometer, a thermos-hygrometer, a barometer, a gauge and a number of radiometer measuring shortwave, longwave and UV radiation. Considering the high accuracy of the aforementioned instruments, ARPA Lazio measuring points will also be used as a reference for both satellite observations and in situ weather station measurements when applicable, i.e. when they are close enough to be considered co-located and no significant differences are expected.

At present, data acquired from ARPA LAZIO stations are just expected to be made available to CNR-ISAC and subsequently integrated into the LIFE ASTI database, thus no real-time data ingestion is foreseen. Anyway, even though such a characteristic is not a project requirement, for the sake of homogeneity ISAC-CNR and ARPA Lazio are

currently working together to replicate the same acquisition system used for LIFE ASTI and Meteo Lazio weather stations.

iv. LIFE ASTI ASTI UHI network database in Rome As anticipated (§1.1), 5 minutes-averaged data from both LIFE ASTI and Meteo Lazio weather stations are sent to a remote LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) server located at CNR-ISAC to be stored and integrated in a common MySQL database: every five minutes each station uploads its last record in XML format to the CNR-ISAC FTP server, where it is parsed by a dedicated PHP script and merged into a common database, namely the LIFE ASTI UHI database in Rome.

In addition, to make data promptly available to both LIFE ASTI stakeholders and general public, a second chain pf PHP scripts reads the last database entries, representing the real-time meteorological data acquired over the city, and generates a map and an ASCII table ready to be published on the Internet.

II LIFE ASTI weather station network in Thessaloniki

The LIFE ASTI UHI network in Thessaloniki is made of 31 weather stations run by three different entities working synergistically, namely the Municipality of Thessaloniki (MoT), the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) and the KASTOM project team. A complete list of the all the stations, along with their ID, name, latitude, longitude, altitude and Land Cover Type classification cab be found in Annex 2.

i. Municipality of Thessaloniki weather stations In Action A.1 framework two Weather Stations have been updated to integrate and support the Municipal Meteorological Network already existing in Thessaloniki, managed by the Environmental Department of MoT. These weather stations measure a number of meteorological parameters, namely temperature and relative humidity (Vaisala Humidity and Temperature Probe HMP155, respectively), as well as wind speed and direction (RM Young 05103 wind monitor in Emporiou Sq., and RM Young 27005 propeller anemometer in Eptapyrgio St.). A PC installed close to the each station collects data from the various instruments and send them to a dedicated server every 5 minutes.

In addition, a cooperation with the Environmental Department of MoT made available 5 additional measuring points from its meteorological regional network, all located in the urban/suburban area of Thessaloniki (Figure 3) and equipped with scientific quality instruments, namely a Vaisala Humidity and Temperature Probe HMP155, a barometer, as well as a RM Young 05103 wind monitor in Dimarxio and RM Young 27005 propeller anemometers in the other stations. Also in this case, a PC installed close to each station collects data from the various instruments and send them to a dedicated server every 5 minutes.

All the sensors are installed on a mast at approximately 9-12 m from the ground, except Egnatia (3.5 m from the ground), Dimarxio and Paparigopoulou (open area rooftop of a building ~ 20 m high).

Figure 3 MoT weather station network geographical coverage

Figure 4 Geographical coverage of the LIFE ASTI additional network in Thessaloniki and its suburbs.

ii. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki weather station In addition to the aforementioned measuring points, also the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki weather station will be integrated into the synergistic network.

iii. KASTOM weather stations UHI relevant data will also be retrieved from a dense micro-sensor network that will be installed and operated from May 2019 during the Innovative system for air quality monitoring and forecasting (KASTOM) project. KASTOM is funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation (EPAnEK) Operation Programme 2014-2020, and is coordinated by AUTH, which is also the LIFE ASTI coordinator.

Annex 1 LIFE ASTI network in Rome The following table lists all the station that forms the LIFE ASTI project network in Rome, along with their ID, name, latitude, longitude, altitude and Land Cover Type (LCT) classification.

Owner ID Name Latitude Longitude Altitude LCZ (m a.s.l.)

ML-01 Roma E.U.R. 41.825492 12.477101 24 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

ML-02 Roma EUR-Torrino 41.8111 12.4320 64 LCZ 2

Meteo Lazio Compact mid-rise

ML-03 Roma Fonte 41.793580 12.488335 50 LCZ 2 Laurentina Compact mid-rise

ML-04 Roma Spinaceto 41.786313 12.439019 45 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

ML-05 Roma Vigna Murata 41.827946 12.514812 45 LCZ 9 (INGV) Sparsely built

ML-06 Roma Monteverde 41.866641 12.447706 60 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

ML-07 Roma Bravetta 41.870190 12.420908 70 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

ML-08 Roma Cipro 41.904748 12.444863 25 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

ML-09 Roma Torresina 41.92612 12.39171 90 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

ML-10 Roma Casalotti Piazza 41.916254 12.368974 95 LCZ 2 Ormea Compact mid-rise

ML-11 Roma Ottavia 41.958 12.401 130 LCZ 5: Open mid-rise

ML-12 Roma Trieste 41.925333 12.513914 45 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

ML-13 Roma Batteria 41.925153 12.525073 35 LCZ 5 Nomentana Open mid-rise

ML-14 Roma CNR Sede 41.900559 12.512789 50 LCZ 2 Centrale Compact mid-rise

ML-15 Porta Maggiore 41.889593 12.514564 51 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

ML-16 San Giovanni 41.886242 12.518039 60 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

ML-20 Roma Cassia- 41.992493 12.402409 150 LCZ 9 Giustiniana Sparsely built

ML-17 Roma Pigneto 41.887824 12.538132 60 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

ML-19 Roma Tor Sapienza 41.906942 12.594759 32 LCZ 9 Sparsely built

ML-18 Roma Tor De Schiavi 41.890364 12.559702 35 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

ML-22 Ciampino 41.8111166 12.593573 105 LCZ 9 Sparsely built

ML-23 Castel Romano 41.713303 12.446342 85 LCZ 9 Sparsely built

ML-24 Dragona 41.791081 12.330325 25 LCZ 9 Sparsely built

ML-25 Fosso Olgiata 42.054 12.359 155 LCZ B Scattered trees

ML-27 Tivoli 41.9561 12.8028 253 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

AL001 Tor Vergata 41.841714 12.647589 100 LCZ 9 Sparsely built

AL004 Castel Di Guido 41.889417 12.266364 70 LCZ B ARPA LazioARPA Scattered trees

AL007 Roma Boncompagni 41.909317 12.496543 72 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

AL003 Cavaliere 41.929044 12.658332 57 LCZ G Water

LA-01 Appia antica 41.833061 12.539493 83 LCZ B

ASTI Scattered trees

-

LIFE LA-08 Colosseo (CREA) 41.885297 12.495091 60 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

LA-07 Liceo Orazio 41.942243 12.545687 40 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

LA-03 Liceo Keplero Centrale 41.863195 12.472817 20 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

LA-05 Liceo Keplero 41.843329 12.422196 60 LCZ 9 Succursale Sparsely built

LA-04 Monte Ciocci 41.905862 12.441021 85 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

LA-02 Tor Vergata 41.841714 12.647589 100 LCZ 9 Sparsely built

LA-06 Liceo Farnesina 41.946015 12.462507 45 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

Annex 2 LIFE ASTI network in Thessaloniki The following table lists all the station that forms the LIFE ASTI project network in Thessaloniki, along with their ID, name, latitude, longitude, altitude and Land Cover Type (LCT) classification.

Owner ID Name Latitude Longitude Altitude LCZ (m a.s.l.)

MT-1 Eptapyrgio 40.644223 22.958404 171 LCZ 6 Open low-rise

MT-2 Martiou 40.601275 22.960583 12 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

MT-3 Lagada 40.652280 22.934897 38 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

MT-4 Malakopi 40.616145 22.982011 89 LCZ 9 Municipality of Thessaloniki Sparsely built

MT-5 Egnatia 40.637611 22.941006 11 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

MT-6 Dimarxio 40.6237417 22.9540611 5 LCZ 9 Sparsely built

MT-7 Pedio Areos 40.622833 22.956061 7 LCZ 9 Sparsely built

MT-8 Emporiou Sq 40.636026 22.938316 5 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

MT-9 Paparigopoulou 40.641075 22.935875 10 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

AUTH AUTH AUTH 40.61694 22.95028 39 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

MT-10 -Paggaiou 40.6354610 22.9364500 1 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

KASTOM ΜΤ-11 Ermou IEK-DELTA 40.6354792 22.9415412 8 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

ΜΤ-12 Navarinou Sq. 40.6305080 22.9486850 9 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

ΜΤ-13 -Cultural 40.6158810 22.9727120 52 LCZ 6 center Open low-rise

ΜΤ-14 40.6029290 22.9695850 29 LCZ 2 Compact mid-rise

ΜΤ-15 Poseidonio 40.5986950 22.9491700 3 LCZ 6 Open low-rise

ΜΤ-16 40.623022 22.971681 76 LCZ 5 Open mid-rise

ΜΤ-17 Aristotelous Sq. 40.631897 22.940671 1 LCZ 9 Sparsely built

ΜΤ-18 Tsimiski-Agias Sofias 40.631992 22.944305 9 LCZ 2

Compact mid-rise

ΜΤ-19 City Port 40.640973 22.918650 3 LCZ 5

Open mid-rise

ΜΤ-20 Vardaris 40.640383 22.935223 4 LCZ 5

Open mid-rise

ΜΤ-21 Agiou Dimitriou 40.637596 22.9949021 36 LCZ 2

Compact mid-rise

ΜΤ-22 Ombreles 40.621670 22.951989 1 LCZ 9

Sparsely built

ΜPCH-23 Pilea 40.599577 22.988056 91 LCZ 6

Open low-rise

ΜK-24 Sq. 40.5821640 22.9500740 33 LCZ 6

Open low-rise

ΜSN-25 Sikies 40.649821 22.946038 73 LCZ 2

Compact mid-rise

ΜSN-26 Neapoli 40.652402 22.941529 96 LCZ 5

Open mid-rise

ΜPM-27 Meteora 40.662663 22.954295 126 LCZ 9

Sparsely built

ΜPM-28 40.658643 22.942914 61 LCZ 2

Compact mid-rise

ΜAM-29 Ampelokipoi 40.653490 22.922811 15 LCZ 5

Open mid-rise

MT-30 Ktirio Michanologon 40.626822 22.961255 33 LCZ 2

Compact mid-rise