River Raisin Assessment
Saline N Saline Manchester River
Brooklyn Iron Creek N. Br. W E Macon Creek Milan Clinton
Evans S Creek M. Br. Macon Creek S. Br. Tecumseh Macon Creek Wolf Creek Dundee
e i
r
E Monroe
e Adrian k a
L S. Br. River Raisin Blissfield
Black Creek
Bear Creek
Figure 1.–The River Raisin watershed in southeastern Michigan showing major tributaries and towns.
165 River Raisin Assessment
a Headwaters to Tecumseh b Tecumseh to Dundee c Dundee to Lake Erie USGS flow gauge location
a
Saline N Saline Manchester River
Brooklyn Iron Creek N. Br. W E Macon Creek Milan Clinton
Evans S Creek M. Br. c Macon Creek S. Br. Tecumseh Macon Creek Wolf Creek Dundee
e i
r
E Monroe
e Adrian k a
L S. Br. River Raisin b Blissfield
Black Creek
Bear Creek
Figure 2.–Location of United States Geological Survey flow gauge stations and mainstem river segments in River Raisin watershed.
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Figure 3.–Surficial geology map of the River Raisin watershed. Data from: Roth 1994.
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2 Saline N Saline River Manchester 3 1 Brooklyn Iron Creek N. Br. W E Macon Creek Milan 4 Clinton a Evans S Creek M. Br. Macon Creek g b S. Br. f Tecumseh 5 10 Macon Creek Wolf Creek Dundee 9 11
12 e c i 6 r E Monroe
e Adrian k a
L S. Br. 8 River Raisin 7 e Blissfield
Black Creek
d
Bear Creek
Figure 4.–ERDAS database locations for sites in the River Raisin watershed (See Tables 2, 3, and 4). Data from: P. Seelbach, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division, personal communication. Circles indicate mainstem sites and squares indicate tributary sites.
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800
600 /second) 3 400 Discharge (ft 200
0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month
Figure 5.–Mean monthly discharge (cfs) for River Raisin mainstem east of Adrian for the period of record 1954-94. Data from: United States Geological Survey gauge records.
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River Raisin near Monroe 1938-80 River Raisin near Adrian 1953-78 River Raisin near Tecumseh 1956-80 Saline River near Saline 1965-77 River Raisin near Manchester 1970-80 10,000
5,000
2,000 1,000
500
200 eet per second 100
50
20
Discharge in cubic f 10
5
2
.01 .1 .5 1 5 10 20 50 70 90 95 98 99.5 99.99 Percentage of time discharge was equaled or exceeded
Figure 6.–Flow duration curves for United States Geological Survey gauging stations on River Raisin mainstem and Saline River. See Figure 4 for precise gauge locations. Data from: Fulcher et al. 1986.
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8.0 Monroe Adrian 7.0 Tecumseh Manchester 6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0 Standardized discharge (Q/50%Q)
2.0
1.0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Percent exceedence
Figure 7.–Standardized high flow exceedence curves for four United States Geological Survey gauge stations on the River Raisin. Data from: United States Geological Survey gauge data for period of record. Standardized discharge is the discharge(Q)/median(50%Q) discharge.
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1.0
Monroe Adrian 0.8 Tecumseh Manchester
0.6
0.4
Standardized discharge (Q/50%Q) 0.2
0.0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Percent exceedence
Figure 8.–Standardized low flow exceedence curves for four United States Geological Survey gauge stations on the River Raisin. Data from: United States Geological Survey gauge data for period of record. Standardized discharge is the discharge(Q)/median(50%Q) discharge.
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40 d
30
20
10 Ratio of high to low monthly flow yiel
0 Jordan R. Kalamazoonear E. JordanHuron R. near R. nearMarengoRiver Hamburg RaisinRiver near Raisin TecumsehRiver near Raisin ManchesterRiver near Raisin AdrianS. nearBr. R. Monroe RaisinOtter CreeknearN. Adrian near Br. Kawkawlin LaSalle near Kawkawlin
Stream and location
Figure 9.–Ratio of high to low monthly flow yields for sites on selected Michigan streams. Data from: United States Geological Survey gauge records.
173 River Raisin Assessment Figure 10.–Annual hydrograph, sedigraph, and nutrient chemograph ttfor the River Rasin at Ida-Maybee Road. Data from: Baker 1988. Baker
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40
) 30
20
10 Gradient (feet per mile
0
l ie n r n s rloo te Grape Clinto Norvel Wa Brookly Lake Er Tecumseh ManchesteSharon Mills Headwater 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 River mile
Figure 11a.–Gradient (elevation change in feet per mile) of the mainstem River Raisin from the mouth at Lake Erie to the headwaters. Data from: P. Seelbach and G. Whelan, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division, personal communication. 1100 Brooklyn Dam 1000 Norvell Dam Sharon Hollow Dam Ford Dam 900 Clinton Dam Tecumseh Dams 800 Lake Erie Dundee Dam
700
600 Elevation above sea level in feet
500 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 River mile
Figure 11b.–Elevation changes by river mile from the mouth to the headwaters of the River Raisin mainstem. Selected major dam locations are noted. Data from: Knutilla and Allen 1975.
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70
Headwaters to Tecumseh 60 Tecumseh to Dundee
50 Dundee to Lake Erie
40
30
20 River miles per gradient class
10
0 0.0-2.9 3.0-4.9 5.0-9.9 10.0-69.9 Gradient class (feet per mile)
Figure 12.–Gradient classes and length of river in each for three sections of the River Raisin mainstem. Data from: P. Seelbach and G. Whelan, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division, personal communication.
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Figure 13.–Soil associations in the River Raisin watershed. Data from: Michigan Water Resources Commission 1965.
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Saline River Upper Raisin
ek ek Cre re Iron C se oo Ev G ans Cr eek Macon Creek
South Branch Little Raisin
Lower Raisin
Black Creek
Figure 14.–Major sub-basins of the River Raisin watershed. Data from: Roth 1994.
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100 Wetland Water 80 Urban Non-forested Forested 60 Agriculture
40 Percent of subbasin area 20
0 n e Iro Black Evans Salin Goose Upper Raisin South Branch
Figure 15.–Land uses in seven major sub-basins of the River Raisin watershed. Land uses are given as the percentage of land area. Data from: Roth 1994.
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100 Wetland Water 80 Urban Non-forested Forested 60 Agriculture
40
20 Percent area within 50 m riparian zone
0 n e Iro Black Evans Salin Goose Upper Raisin South Branch
Figure 16.–Land uses in a 50 meter riparian zone (50 m each bank, 100 m total width) for seven major sub-basins of the River Raisin watershed. Land uses are given as the percentage of land area in 50 m of the stream, for the entire stream length. Data from: Roth 1994.
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10000 Bluntnose minnow Common shiner
Spotfin shiner Creek chub White sucker Bluegill Blacknose shiner Blacknose dace 1000 Hornyhead chub Rock bass
Sand shiner River chub Largemouth bass Spottail shiner Golden shiner
s Emerald shiner Smallmouth bass Grass pickerel Yellow perch Blackchin shiner Northern pike 100 Carp Silver shiner Golden redhorse Tadpole madtom Stonecat Number of individual
Gizzard shad
Brindled madtom 10 Walleye Black redhorse Creek chubsucker Silver redhorse
Greater redhorse Longnose gar 1 1 10 100 300 Number of collections
Figure 17.–Numerical abundance (vertical axis) and breadth of representation in ecological samples (horizontal axis) of River Raisin fishes. Data from: Smith et al. 1981.
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2 Saline N Saline River Manchester 3 1 Brooklyn Iron Creek N. Br. W E Macon Creek Milan 4 Clinton SL1
Evans S Creek M. Br. Macon Creek SL2 S. Br. Tecumseh 5 10 Macon Creek Wolf Creek Dundee 9 11 SB
12 e i 6 r E Monroe
e Adrian k a
L S. Br. 8 River Raisin 7 Blissfield
Black Creek
Bear Creek
Figure 18.–Location of sampling stations during 1984 Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division River Raisin rotenone survey. Circles indicate mainstem sites and triangles indicate tributary sites. Data from: Towns 1985.
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700 Total weight Sport fish 600 Redhorses and suckers Carp
500
400
300
200 Total weight of fish captured (lbs./acre)
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Station
Adrian Blissfield Dundee Tecumseh Manchester
Figure 19.–The weight of sport fish (includes smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, rock bass, bluegill, northern pike, bullhead spp., channel catfish, and walleye), redhorses and suckers (includes northern hog sucker, white sucker, and all redhorse spp.), and carp captured at each mainstem station during the 1984 Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division River Raisin rotenone survey. The dotted line represents the weight of all fish captured. Data from: Towns 1985.
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Sharonville SGA Saline N Saline Manchester River
Brooklyn Iron Creek N. Br. W E Macon Creek Milan Hayes SP Clinton Evans S Onsted Creek M. Br. SGA Macon Creek Somerset S. Br. Tecumseh SGA Macon Creek Wolf Creek Dundee
e i
r
E Monroe
e Adrian k a
L Peu tersb rg S. Br. River Raisin SGA Blissfield
Lake Hudson Black Creek SRA
Bear Creek
Figure 20.–State game areas, State recreational areas, State parks, and municipal parks in the River Raisin watershed. Open square = State facility and open circle = city, village or township facility.
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1. Lake Somerset (Goose Creek) 12. Blissfield 2. Lake Columbia (Goose Creek) 13. Deerfield 3. Brooklyn 14. Dundee 4. Norvell Lake 15. Murciak (Grape) 5. Sharon Hollow 16. Waterloo 6. Manchester Mill 17. Lake Loch Erin (Wolf Creek) 7. Ford Manchester 18. Lake Adrian (Wolf Creek) 8. Altas Mill (Clinton) 19. Lake Hudson (Bear Creek) 9. Red Mill (Tecumseh) 20. Saline (Saline River) 10. Standish Mill (Tecumseh) 21. Milan (Saline River) 11. Globe Mill (Tecumseh)
5 20 Saline N 6 Saline 4 River Manchester 7
Brooklyn Iron Creek N. Br. W E 2 Milan 3 Macon Creek 21 8 Clinton
Evans S 1 Creek 9 10 M. Br. 11 Macon Creek S. Br. Tecumseh 17 Macon Creek 15 Wolf Creek Dundee 14 16
e i
r
E Monroe 13 18 e Adrian k a
L S. Br. River Raisin 12 19 Blissfield
Black Creek
Bear Creek
Figure 21.–Approximate location of dams in the River Raisin watershed. Major dams are numbered. Data from: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Land and Water Management Division, Dam Safety Section.
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Detroit Edison cooling water intake R Old course of iv er River Rasin Ra sin
Power plant discharge canal Water pumped upstream from Lake Erie
Plum Creek
Bay ie r E
Detroit Edison e Monroe Power Plant k a L
Plum Creek Outlet N (to Lake Erie)
W E
S
Indicates direction of flow
Figure 22.–Detroit Edison Monroe Power Plant cooling water flow configuration. Data from: aerial photograph, Engineering Department, City of Monroe.
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(none) Top quality coldwater
(none) 2nd quality coldwater
Top quality warmwater
2nd quality warmwater
Should be classified top quality warmwater
Saline N Saline Manchester River
Brooklyn Iron Creek N. Br. W E Macon Creek Milan Clinton
Evans S Creek M. Br. Macon Creek S. Br. Tecumseh Macon Creek Wolf Creek Dundee
e i
r
E Monroe
e Adrian k a
L S. Br. River Raisin Blissfield
Black Creek
Bear Creek
Figure 23.–Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division stream classification map, 1964. The mainstem from Norvell Dam to Tecumseh and from the confluence with the Saline River to Lake Erie should be classified top quality warmwater.
187