Azeotropic Data for Binary Mixtures
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
SAFETY DATA SHEET Cyclohexane BDH1111
SAFETY DATA SHEET Cyclohexane BDH1111 Version 1.3 Revision Date 03/25/2015 Print Date 05/08/2015 SECTION 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product name : Cyclohexane MSDS Number : 000000011713 Product Use Description : Solvent Manufactured for : VWR International LLC Radnor Corporate Center Building One Suite 200 100 Matsonford Road Radnor PA 19087 For more information call : (Monday-Friday,8.00am-5:00pm) 1-800-932-5000 In case of emergency call : (24 hours/day, 7 days/week) 1-800-424-9300(USA Only) For Transportation Emergencies: 1-800-424-9300 (CHEMTREC - Domestic) 1-613-996-6666 (CANUTEC - Canada) SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Emergency Overview Form : liquid, clear Color : colourless Odor : mild sweet Page 1 / 15 SAFETY DATA SHEET Cyclohexane BDH1111 Version 1.3 Revision Date 03/25/2015 Print Date 05/08/2015 Classification of the substance or mixture Classification of the substance : Flammable liquids, Category 2 or mixture Skin irritation, Category 2 Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure, Category 3, Central nervous system Aspiration hazard, Category 1 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements Symbol(s) : Signal word : Danger Hazard statements : Highly flammable liquid and vapour. May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. Causes skin irritation. May cause drowsiness and dizziness. Precautionary statements : Prevention : Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking. Keep container tightly closed. Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. Use explosion-proof electrical/ ventilating/ lighting/ equipment. Use only non-sparking tools. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Avoid breathing dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/ vapours/ spray. Wash skin thoroughly after handling. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. -
Safety Data Sheet: Cyclohexane
Safety data sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH), amended by 2015/830/EU Cyclohexane ROTISOLV® ≥99,9 %, UV/IR-Grade article number: CP81 date of compilation: 2018-05-03 Version: 2.0 en Revision: 2020-10-06 Replaces version of: 2018-05-03 Version: (1) SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/ undertaking 1.1 Product identifier Identification of the substance Cyclohexane ROTISOLV® ≥99,9 %, UV/IR-Grade Article number CP81 Registration number (REACH) 01-2119463273-41-xxxx Index No 601-017-00-1 EC number 203-806-2 CAS number 110-82-7 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses: laboratory chemical laboratory and analytical use 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Carl Roth GmbH + Co KG Schoemperlenstr. 3-5 D-76185 Karlsruhe Germany Telephone: +49 (0) 721 - 56 06 0 Telefax: +49 (0) 721 - 56 06 149 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.carlroth.de Competent person responsible for the safety data : Department Health, Safety and Environment sheet: e-mail (competent person): [email protected] 1.4 Emergency telephone number Name Street Postal code/ Telephone Website city National Poisons Inform- Beaumont Road Dublin 9 01 809 2166 https://www.poisons.ie/ ation Centre Beaumont Hospital SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) Classification acc. to GHS Section Hazard class Hazard class and cat- Hazard egory state- ment 2.6 flammable liquid (Flam. -
Solvent Fractionation and Acetone Precipitation for Crude Saponins from Eurycoma Longifolia Extract
molecules Article Solvent Fractionation and Acetone Precipitation for Crude Saponins from Eurycoma longifolia Extract Lee Suan Chua 1,2,* , Cher Haan Lau 1, Chee Yung Chew 2 and Dawood Ali Salim Dawood 1 1 Metabolites Profiling Laboratory, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia; [email protected] (C.H.L.); [email protected] (D.A.S.D.) 2 Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +607-5531566 Academic Editors: Raffaele Capasso and Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli Received: 22 March 2019; Accepted: 2 April 2019; Published: 10 April 2019 Abstract: Eurycoma longifolia is a popular folk medicine in South East Asia. This study was focused on saccharide-containing compounds including saponins, mainly because of their medical potentials. Different organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, butanol, and chloroform were used to fractionate the phytochemical groups, which were consequently precipitated in cold acetone. Solvent fractionation was found to increase the total saponin content based on colorimetric assay using vanillin and sulfuric acid. Ethyl acetate fraction and its precipitate were showed to have the highest crude saponins after acetone precipitation. The samples were shown to have anti-proliferative activity comparable with tamoxifen (IC50 = 110.6 µg/mL) against human breast cancer cells. The anti-proliferative activities of the samples were significantly improved from crude extract (IC50 = 616.3 µg/mL) to ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 = 185.4 µg/mL) and its precipitate (IC50 = 153.4 µg/mL). -
Fermentation and Ester Taints
Fermentation and Ester Taints Anita Oberholster Introduction: Aroma Compounds • Grape‐derived –provide varietal distinction • Yeast and fermentation‐derived – Esters – Higher alcohols – Carbonyls – Volatile acids – Volatile phenols – Sulfur compounds What is and Esters? • Volatile molecule • Characteristic fruity and floral aromas • Esters are formed when an alcohol and acid react with each other • Few esters formed in grapes • Esters in wine ‐ two origins: – Enzymatic esterification during fermentation – Chemical esterification during long‐term storage Ester Formation • Esters can by formed enzymatically by both the plant and microbes • Microbes – Yeast (Non‐Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces yeast) – Lactic acid bacteria – Acetic acid bacteria • But mainly produced by yeast (through lipid and acetyl‐CoA metabolism) Ester Formation Alcohol function Keto acid‐Coenzyme A Ester Ester Classes • Two main groups – Ethyl esters – Acetate esters • Ethyl esters = EtOH + acid • Acetate esters = acetate (derivative of acetic acid) + EtOH or complex alcohol from amino acid metabolism Ester Classes • Acetate esters – Ethyl acetate (solvent‐like aroma) – Isoamyl acetate (banana aroma) – Isobutyl acetate (fruit aroma) – Phenyl ethyl acetate (roses, honey) • Ethyl esters – Ethyl hexanoate (aniseed, apple‐like) – Ethyl octanoate (sour apple aroma) Acetate Ester Formation • 2 Main factors influence acetate ester formation – Concentration of two substrates acetyl‐CoA and fusel alcohol – Activity of enzyme responsible for formation and break down reactions • Enzyme activity influenced by fermentation variables – Yeast – Composition of fermentation medium – Fermentation conditions Acetate/Ethyl Ester Formation – Fermentation composition and conditions • Total sugar content and optimal N2 amount pos. influence • Amount of unsaturated fatty acids and O2 neg. influence • Ethyl ester formation – 1 Main factor • Conc. of precursors – Enzyme activity smaller role • Higher fermentation temp formation • C and N increase small effect Saerens et al. -
Cyclohexane Oxidation Continues to Be a Challenge Ulf Schuchardt A,∗, Dilson Cardoso B, Ricardo Sercheli C, Ricardo Pereira A, Rosenira S
Applied Catalysis A: General 211 (2001) 1–17 Review Cyclohexane oxidation continues to be a challenge Ulf Schuchardt a,∗, Dilson Cardoso b, Ricardo Sercheli c, Ricardo Pereira a, Rosenira S. da Cruz d, Mário C. Guerreiro e, Dalmo Mandelli f , Estevam V. Spinacé g, Emerson L. Pires a a Instituto de Qu´ımica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil b Depto de Eng. Qu´ımica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil c College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA d Depto Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45650-000 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil e Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil f Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Qu´ımicas, PUC-Campinas, 13020-904 Campinas, SP, Brazil g Sup. Caracterização Qu´ımica, IPEN, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil Received 3 October 2000; received in revised form 21 December 2000; accepted 28 December 2000 Abstract Many efforts have been made to develop new catalysts to oxidize cyclohexane under mild conditions. Herein, we review the most interesting systems for this process with different oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and molecular oxygen. Using H2O2, Na-GeX has been shown to be a most stable and active catalyst. Mesoporous TS-1 and Ti-MCM-41 are also stable, but the use of other metals such as Cr, V, Fe and Mo leads to leaching of the metal. Homogeneous systems based on binuclear manganese(IV) complexes have also been shown to be interesting. When t-BuOOH is used, the active systems are those phthalocyanines based on Ru, Co and Cu and polyoxometalates of dinuclear ruthenium and palladium. -
SAFETY DATA SHEET Cyclopentane
SAFETY DATA SHEET Cyclopentane Section 1. Identification GHS product identifier : Cyclopentane Chemical name : cyclopentane Other means of : cyclopentane (dot); pentamethylene identification Product use : Synthetic/Analytical chemistry. Synonym : cyclopentane (dot); pentamethylene SDS # : 001124 Supplier's details : Airgas USA, LLC and its affiliates 259 North Radnor-Chester Road Suite 100 Radnor, PA 19087-5283 1-610-687-5253 24-hour telephone : 1-866-734-3438 Section 2. Hazards identification OSHA/HCS status : This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Classification of the : FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - Category 2 substance or mixture AQUATIC HAZARD (ACUTE) - Category 3 AQUATIC HAZARD (LONG-TERM) - Category 3 GHS label elements Hazard pictograms : Signal word : Danger Hazard statements : Highly flammable liquid and vapor. May form explosive mixtures in Air. Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary statements General : Read label before use. Keep out of reach of children. If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand. Prevention : Wear protective gloves. Wear eye or face protection. Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. Use explosion- proof electrical, ventilating, lighting and all material-handling equipment. Use only non- sparking tools. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid release to the environment. Response : IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water or shower. Storage : Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. Disposal : Dispose of contents and container in accordance with all local, regional, national and international regulations. Hazards not otherwise : None known. -
Classification of Chemicals
Classification of Chemicals Flame & Detonation Arrester Specifications PROTECTOSEAL ® The Protectoseal Company recommends that the National Butadiene would qualify as a Group D material. In each of Electric Code (NEC) Article 500, rankings of various chemi - these cases, the chemicals were primarly listed in a higher cals be used, whenever possible, to determine the suitability category (Group B), because of relatively high pressure read - of a detonation arrester for use with a particular chemical. ings noted in one phase of the standard test procedure con - When no NEC rating of the particular chemical is available, ducted by Underwriters Laboratories. These pressures were the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) classifica - of concern when categorizing the chemicals because these tion (Groups IIA, IIB and IIC) is recommended as a secondary NEC groupings are also used as standard indicators for the source of information for determining the suitability of an ar - design strength requirements of electrical boxes, apparatus, rester for its intended service. In general, the IEC Group IIA is etc. that must withstand the pressures generated by an igni - equivalent to the NEC Group D; the IEC Group IIB is equiva - tion within the container. It should be noted that, in each of lent to the NEC Group C; and the IEC Group IIC includes these cases, the test pressures recorded were significantly chemicals in the NEC Groups A and B. In the event of a dis - lower than those commonly encountered when testing a deto - crepancy between the NEC and the IEC ratings, Protectoseal nation arrester for its ability to withstand stable and over - recommends that the NEC groups be referenced. -
SAFETY DATA SHEET Cyclohexane
SAFETY DATA SHEET Cyclohexane Section 1. Identification GHS product identifier : Cyclohexane Chemical name : Cyclohexane Synonyms : Benzene hexahydride; Hexahydrobenzene; Hexamethylene; CITGO® Material Code: 07504 Code : 07504 MSDS # : 07504 Supplier's details : CITGO Petroleum Corporation P.O. Box 4689 Houston, TX 77210 [email protected] Emergency telephone : Technical Contact: (832) 486-4000 (M-F - 8 AM to 4 PM CT) number (with hours of Medical Emergency: (832) 486-4700 (24 Hr) operation) CHEMTREC Emergency: (800) 424-9300 (24 Hr) (United States Only) Section 2. Hazards identification OSHA/HCS status : This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Classification of the : FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - Category 2 substance or mixture SKIN IRRITATION - Category 2 SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (SINGLE EXPOSURE) (Narcotic effects) - Category 3 ASPIRATION HAZARD - Category 1 AQUATIC HAZARD (ACUTE) - Category 1 AQUATIC HAZARD (LONG-TERM) - Category 1 GHS label elements Hazard pictograms : Signal word : Danger Hazard statements : Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Causes skin irritation. May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary statements Prevention : Wear protective gloves. Wear eye or face protection. Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. Use explosion- proof electrical, ventilating, lighting and all material-handling equipment. Use only non- sparking tools. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Keep container tightly closed. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Avoid release to the environment. Avoid breathing vapor. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Response : Collect spillage. IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. -
Isoamyl Acetate
SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION Isoamyl Acetate CAS No. 123-92-2 Prepared for NTP by Technical Resources International, Inc Prepared on 11/94 Under NCI Contract No. N01-CP-56019 Table of Contents I. Chemical Identification II. Exposure Information Table 1. Levels of isoamyl acetate reported in foods III. Evidence for Possible Carcinogenic Activity Appendix A: Structural Analogs of Isoamyl Acetate IV. References SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION CAS Registry No.: 123-92-2 Chem. Abstr. Name: 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate Synonyms: Acetic acid 3-methylbutyl ester; acetic acid, isopentyl ester; AI3-00576; banana oil; isoamyl ethanoate; isopentyl acetate; isopentyl alcohol, acetate; pear oil; 3-methyl-1-butanol acetate; 3-methyl-1-butyl acetate; 3-methylbutyl acetate; 3-methylbutyl ethanoate; i-amyl acetate Structure: Molecular Formula and Molecular Weight: C7H14O2 Mol. Wt.: 130.18 Chemical and Physical Properties: Description: Colorless, flammable liquid with a banana-like odor (ACGIH, 1993). Boiling Point: 142°C (Lide, 1993) Melting Point: -78.5°C (Mark, et al, 1984; Lide, 1993) Solubility: Soluble in water (2000 mg/L at 25°C) (Howard, 1990); soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetone (Lide, 1993). Vapor 4.5 mm Hg at 20°C (Howard, 1990) Pressure: Refractive 1.4003 (Lide, 1993) Index: Flash Point: closed cup, 33°C; open cup, 38°:C (Budavari, 1989) Density: 0.876 (Lewis, 1993) Reactivity: Thermal decomposition of isoamyl acetate may produce acrid fumes. Contact with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and alkaline materials should be avoided (Haarmann & Reimer Corp., 1994). Hazardous decomposition products of isoamyl acetate include CO and CO2 (AESAR/Alfa, 1994) Log 2.13 (Howard, 1990) P(octanol/water partition coefficient): Technical Isoamyl acetate is commercially available as both a natural and synthetic product with a purity Products and range of 95-99+%. -
Dehydrogenation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde Over Different Metals Supported on Carbon Catalysts
catalysts Article Dehydrogenation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde over Different Metals Supported on Carbon Catalysts Jeerati Ob-eye , Piyasan Praserthdam and Bunjerd Jongsomjit * Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; [email protected] (J.O.-e.); [email protected] (P.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-2-218-6874 Received: 29 November 2018; Accepted: 27 December 2018; Published: 9 January 2019 Abstract: Recently, the interest in ethanol production from renewable natural sources in Thailand has been receiving much attention as an alternative form of energy. The low-cost accessibility of ethanol has been seen as an interesting topic, leading to the extensive study of the formation of distinct chemicals, such as ethylene, diethyl ether, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate, starting from ethanol as a raw material. In this paper, ethanol dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde in a one-step reaction was investigated by using commercial activated carbon with four different metal-doped catalysts. The reaction was conducted in a packed-bed micro-tubular reactor under a temperature range of 250–400 ◦C. The best results were found by using the copper doped on an activated carbon catalyst. Under this specified condition, ethanol conversion of 65.3% with acetaldehyde selectivity of 96.3% at 350 ◦C was achieved. This was probably due to the optimal acidity of copper doped on the activated carbon catalyst, as proven by the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). In addition, the other three catalyst samples (activated carbon, ceria, and cobalt doped on activated carbon) also favored high selectivity to acetaldehyde (>90%). -
MSDS Cyclopentane (1).Pdf
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) CYCLOPENTANE 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION SUBSTANCE OR PREPATION TRADE NAME Cyclopentane CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION Cycloparaffin, Naphthene COMPANY/ UNDERTAKING NAME AND Haldia Petrochemicals Limited, ADDRESS PO Box No 12, Haldia Plant PO Durgachak, Dist Midnapore West Bengal, India PIN 721 602 TELEPHONE 091-3224-274384 / 274400 EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER 091-3224-275916 2. COMPOSTION AND INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS CHEMICAL CHEMICLAL CONTENT CAS EXPOSURE LIMITS IN AIR NAME FORMULA NUMBER (ppm) ACGIH ACGIH IDLH TLV- TLV- TWA STEL Cyclopentane C5H10 98.20 wt% 287-92-3 600 NA NA 2,2 Dimethyl (CH3)3CCH2CH3 0.28 wt% 75-83-2 500 1000 NA butane n- pentane n- C5H12 1.47 wt% 109-66-0 600 750 NA i- Pentane i- C5H12 0.05 wt% 78-78-4 600 750 NA Total Sulpher S < 1.0 wt. ppm 7704-34-9 NA NA NA 3. HAZARD CLASSIFICATION Highly flammable liquid and vapour. Vapour EMERGENCY OVERVIEW may cause flash fire. Harmful or Fatal is enter lungs and cause damage POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS EYE SKIN INHALATION INGESTION OTHERS ACUTE To cause Not expected Dizziness, Abdominal prolonged or to be harmful headache, pain, significant to internal nausea, diarrhoea, eye irritation organs if Unconsciousness, dizziness, absorbed weakness nausea, sore through the throat skin. CHRONIC Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis NFPA HAZARD HEALTH FLAMMABILITY REACTIVITY SPECIAL SIGNALS 2 3 0 - HAZCHEM CODE 3YE GHS-Classification Flammable liquids Category 2 Aspiration hazard Category 1 Chronic aquatic toxicity, Category 3 Acute aquatic toxicity, Category 3 Target Organ Systemic Toxicant - Single exposure, Category 3, Inhalation, Central nervous system Document Compiled By Approved By Issue No Rev. -
Cycloalkanes, Cycloalkenes, and Cycloalkynes
CYCLOALKANES, CYCLOALKENES, AND CYCLOALKYNES any important hydrocarbons, known as cycloalkanes, contain rings of carbon atoms linked together by single bonds. The simple cycloalkanes of formula (CH,), make up a particularly important homologous series in which the chemical properties change in a much more dramatic way with increasing n than do those of the acyclic hydrocarbons CH,(CH,),,-,H. The cyclo- alkanes with small rings (n = 3-6) are of special interest in exhibiting chemical properties intermediate between those of alkanes and alkenes. In this chapter we will show how this behavior can be explained in terms of angle strain and steric hindrance, concepts that have been introduced previously and will be used with increasing frequency as we proceed further. We also discuss the conformations of cycloalkanes, especially cyclo- hexane, in detail because of their importance to the chemistry of many kinds of naturally occurring organic compounds. Some attention also will be paid to polycyclic compounds, substances with more than one ring, and to cyclo- alkenes and cycloalkynes. 12-1 NOMENCLATURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CYCLOALKANES The IUPAC system for naming cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes was presented in some detail in Sections 3-2 and 3-3, and you may wish to review that ma- terial before proceeding further. Additional procedures are required for naming 446 12 Cycloalkanes, Cycloalkenes, and Cycloalkynes Table 12-1 Physical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Density, Compounds Bp, "C Mp, "C diO,g ml-' propane cyclopropane butane cyclobutane pentane cyclopentane hexane cyclohexane heptane cycloheptane octane cyclooctane nonane cyclononane "At -40". bUnder pressure. polycyclic compounds, which have rings with common carbons, and these will be discussed later in this chapter.