University of the Philippines Manila College of Arts and Science
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
University of the Philippines Manila College of Arts and Science – Department of Social Sciences Ang Tienes na Rampage ng Starlaloong Badinger Z: The Exposure to and Fondness for Mainstream Philippine Movies and Television Programs and Their Effects on Stereotyping Tendencies about Queer Persons Assigned Male at Birth In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Political Science 198 Second Semester A.Y. 2016-2017 Malcolm Joshua C. Cruz Dr. Jinky Leilanie DP. Lu, MOH, PhD APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the course requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Major in Political Science, this seminar paper entitled Ang Tienes na Rampage ng Starlaloong Badinger Z: The Exposure to and Fondness for Mainstream Philippine Movies and Television Programs and Their Effects on Stereotyping Tendencies about Queer Persons Assigned Male at Birth prepared and presented by Malcolm Joshua C. Cruz to the Political Science Program under the Department of Social Sciences of the College of Arts and Sciences – University of the Philippines Manila. This undergraduate thesis has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval by: _________________________________ Dr. Jinky Leilanie DP. Lu, MOH, PhD Thesis Adviser University of the Philippines Manila Wherefore, this undergraduate thesis is hereby accepted and approved by: __________________________________ __________________________________ Professor Jerome A. Ong Dr. Leonard Estacio, PhD Chairperson – Department of Social Sciences Dean – College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Manila University of the Philippines Manila ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to thank the Lord for giving me the strength and knowledge I needed in order to finish my thesis and ultimately my college education. I want to thank the Filipino taxpayers for their dedication in paying their taxes in order for the government to provide financial assistance to the University of the Philippines Manila. I want to express my sincerest gratitude to my alma mater for instilling in me the principles of honor and excellence. I am grateful to my thesis adviser Dr. Jinky Lu for sharing her expertise in research and her dedication in teaching us her students. I am thankful for her unwaivering support and guidance in the fulfillment of my thesis. I also want to thank my friends for the help they always offer in order for me to have respondents for my research. I am also very grateful to my other professors for the knowledge they gave me that helped me in analyzing and interpreting my data. I want to thank the University of the Philippines Babaylan and my experts for giving me more information that made my research more meaningful. Lastly, I want to thank my family for their unceasing support and encouragement. This thesis will never materialize without them. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title 1 Overarching Research Question ______ 1 Abstract 1 Introduction 3 Research Objectives 4 Situationer 5 Review of Related Literature 10 Theoretical Framework 21 Methodological Framework 23 Conceptual Framework 24 Operationalization ______ 25 Research Methodology 28 Research Ethics Consideration 34 Data Presentation 36 Data Analysis 44 Conclusion ______________________________________________________ 54 References _________________________________________________________ 56 Annexes ___________________________________________________________ 58 Running head: ANG TIENES NA RAMPAGE NG STARLALOONG BADINGER Z: THE EXPOSURE TO AND FONDNESS FOR MAINSTREAM PHILIPPINE MOVIES AND TELEVISION PROGRAMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON STEREOTYPING TENDENCIES ABOUT QUEER PERSONS ASSIGNED MALE AT BIRTH 1 Ang Tienes na Rampage ng Starlaloong Badinger Z: The Exposure to and Fondness for Mainstream Philippine Movies and Television Programs and Their Effects on Stereotyping Tendencies about Queer Persons Assigned Male at Birth Overarching Research Question: How does the correlation of exposure to and fondness for mainstream Philippine movies and television programs (MPMTPs) with stereotyping tendencies about queer persons assigned male at birth (QPAMB) differ between college students from Las Piñas City and college students from the University of the Philippine Manila (UPM)? Abstract Experts, journal articles and anecdotal evidences provide that mainstream Philippine movies and television programs (MPMTPs) have stereotypical tendencies about queer persons assigned male at birth (QPAMB). This study will want to look into exposure to and fondness for MPMTPs and their effects on stereotyping tendencies about QPAMB. It will examine the correlations between these variables with the population of college students from Las Piñas City and the University of the Philippines Manila (UPM). This research would want to compare the values of the correlations and know the implications of the differences. Furthermore, it will look into the intervening variables (gender course or seminar exposure and social linkages with QPAMB) that may affect the correlation of the aforementioned variables. Aside from the stereotyping tendencies, the acceptance level of the college students will also be examined. The stereotyping scores and acceptance level of the two sets of college students will also be compared and factors behind the difference will also be assessed. A survey was conducted in three randomly selected colleges each in Las Piñas and UPM with both having 210 respondents. ANG TIENES NA RAMPAGE NG STARLALOONG BADINGER Z 2 Each college student will be part of the study if he/she is part of the random class requested from the administration of each college, 18 years old or above, and if he/she consents to participate. The fondness for MPMTPs is measured from 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest) while exposure to MPMTPs will be measured by the hours spent by the respondent watching MPMTPs per day. Stereotyping score will be from 0 to 15 while acceptance level will be from 15 to 75. The results show that the correlation between exposure to MPMTPs and stereotyping score is greater with college students from UPM than with Las Piñas (.376; p<0.001 vs .135; p<0.025 respectively). On the other hand, the correlation between fondness for MPMTPs and stereotyping score is greater with college students from Las Piñas than with UPM (.381, p<0.001 vs .240, p<0.001 respectively). Gender education exposure has an effect on stereotyping scores and acceptance level while social linkages with QPAMB has none. Results also show that the mean stereotyping score of students from Las Piñas is greater than the mean stereotyping score of students from UPM (x̄ =8.00, SD=3.418 vs x̄ =3.32, SD=3.118 respectively). The mean acceptance level is greater with students from UPM than with students from Las Piñas (x̄ =69.78, SD=9.02 vs x̄ =55.17, SD=11.478 respectively). The factors behind such differences include academic freedom, accessibility to gender education, student organizations and councils, liberal school environment and proximity to LGBT campaigns and protests outside school. Because of the impact of MPMTPs to the stereotyping tendencies of college students, sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (SOGIE) education and reforming of MPMTPs can help to attenuate such impact. Keywords: mainstream Philippine movies and television programs, stereotyping tendencies, queer persons assigned male at birth, queer theory, cultivation theory, LGBT ANG TIENES NA RAMPAGE NG STARLALOONG BADINGER Z 3 Introduction Media has always been an apparatus in political socialization. Mainstream Philippine movies and television programs are part of the broader concept of media. Being said so, MPMTPs have affected perceptions of the citizens regarding reality and their views towards gender roles and gender itself. They have reinforced patriarchy and heteronormativity thus bypassing the dynamics of gender. They have reinforced the notion that anyone not having the ‘normal’ sex has the ‘third sex.’ Although the ‘gay’ has begun to take part in MPMTPs since the 1950s, they however stereotyped such gender even up to the present. The Filipinos are labeled to be one of the happiest people on earth. MPMTPs became avenues to satisfy the Filipinos’ need for entertainment and ‘fun.’ Watching MPMTPs was a way to be ‘happy.’ Since comedy shows with a ‘gay’ character who makes fun of himself and others became a staple for the people and the big screen, it was an opportunity for ‘money- makers’ to exploit such character. The profit-oriented MPMTPs’ only goal is to make money out of the exploitation and stereotyping of homosexuals. ‘Gay’ stereotypes have already been identified by different scholars, experts and by different anecdotal evidences. This research would want to compare the correlation of exposure to and fondness for MPMTPs with stereotyping tendencies about QPAMB college students from Las Piñas City have and college students from the University of the Philippine Manila. If there is a noticeable difference, this research would further want to know the intervening factors for such difference. Statistics also show that generally, homosexuality is accepted in the Philippines. This research would want to know the level of acceptance among these college students and if there is a significant difference between the two sets of students. Factors behind such difference will also be discussed. ANG TIENES NA RAMPAGE NG STARLALOONG BADINGER Z 4 Research Objectives Main Research Objective: To be able to know how the correlation of exposure to and fondness for MPMTPs with stereotyping tendencies about QPAMB differ between college students