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Religions and Their God-Men Chapter 1: Classical

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Religions and Their God-Men Chapter 1: Classical Notes INTRODUCTION: RELIGIONS AND THEIR GOD-MEN 1. Wilfred Cantwell Smith, 'The Role of Asian Studies in the American University', Plenary Address of the New York State Conference for Asian Studies, Colgate University, 10 Oct. 1975, p. 12. 2. Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra, trans. Thomas Com­ mon, 11, XXIV. (New York: Boni & Liveright, n.d.) p. 98. 3. Bertrand Russell, Power: a New Social Analysis (London: Allen & Unwin, 1938). 4. Franklin Edgerton, trans. The Bhagavad Gita (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1944) p. 23. 5. S. Radharishnan, The Bhagavadgita (New York: Harper & Row, 1948) pp. 153-4. 6. Juan Mascaro, The Bhagavad Gita (Baltimore, Md: Penguin Books, 1962) pp. 61-2. 7. Swami Jagadiswarananda, Kalki Comes in 1985 (Belur, India: Sri Ramakrishna Charmachakra, 1965) p. 114. 8. Swami Prabhavananda, The Spiritual Heritage of India (Hollywood, Calif.: Vedanta Press, 1963) p. 120. 9. Ibid., p. 120. 10. Ibid., p. 121. 11. Emil Brunner, The Mediator (London: Lutterworth, 1934). 12. Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy (New York: Harper & Row, 1944) pp. 49, 56. 13. Murry Titus, Islam in India and Pakistan (Calcutta: YMCA Publishing House, 1959), p. 107. 14. Frithjof Schuon, Understanding Islam (Baltimore, Md: Penguin Books, 1963) p. 91. However, Schuon acknowledges that this is to view Muhammad through Hindu, not Muslim eyes (p. 90). 15. Kirpal Singh, Godman. (Tilton, NH: The Sant Bani Press, 1974) pp. 150-1. 16. Rabindranath Tagore, 'Crisis in Civilization' inS. Ghose (ed.), Faith of a Poet: Selections from Rabindranath Tagore (Bombay: Bhavan's Book University, 1964) p. 56. CHAPTER 1: CLASSICAL AVATARS OF INDIA 1. Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1959) p. 76. 2. Erich Neumann, The Origins and History of Consciousness, part II (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1962) p. 275. 199 200 Notes to pp. 15-42 3. Louis Dupre, The Other Dimension (New York: Doubleday and Co., 1972) pp. 252-3. 4. Mircea Eliade in Norbert Schedler, 'Archaic Myth and Historical Man', in Philosophy of Religion (New York: Macmillan, 1974) p. 61. 5. Ibid., p. 61. 6. Rig Veda, x. 129.3. 7. Heinrich Zimmer, Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization (Princeton University Press, 1974) p. 34. 8. Ibid., p. 38. 9. Rene Guenon, 'The Heart and the World Egg', in Studies in Compara­ tive Religion, vol. 7 (1973) p. 200. 10. Jan Gonda, Aspects of Early Vishnuism (Uitgevers MiJ-utrecht, 1954) p.23. 11. Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty, Women, Androgynes and Other Mythical Beasts (University of Chicago Press, 1980) p. 323. 12. Linga Purana, 1.41.7-12. 13. Zimmer, Myths and Symbols, op. cit., pp. 27-8. 14. J. Michael McKnight, Jr., 'Kingship and Religion in India's Gupta Age: an Analysis of the Role of Vaisnavism in the Lives and Ideology of the Gupta Kings', in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, vol. 45, no. 2 (June 1977) p. 692. 15. Ibid., pp. 696-7. 16. Heinrich Zimmer, Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization (Princeton University Press, 1946). Zimmer describes the Sage Agas­ tya on pp. 113-4. 17. David Kinsley, The Sword and the Flute (University of California Press, 1975) p. 22. 18. Ibid., p. 42. 19. Ibid., p. 32. 20. Ibid., p. 39. 21. Ibid., p. 39. 22. Carl G. Jung, Collected Works, vol. 10 (New York, Pantheon Books, 1958) p. 520. 23. Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty, The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology (The University of California Press, 1976) p. 188. 24. Vishnu Purana, 3.17.9-45; 3.18.1-34, from O'Flaherty, op. cit., p.189. 25. The demons were explained on p. 15. 26. Bhagavata Purana 1.3.24; 2.7.37; 11.4.22; 10.40.22, from O'Flaherty, op. cit., p. 188. 27. Agni Purana 16.1-14, from O'Flaherty, p. 188. 28. O'Flaherty, op. cit., p. 200. 29. Varaha Purana 48:22 from O'Flaherty, p. 204. 30. Matsya Purana 47:24, 54:19, from O'Flaherty, p. 204. 31. Kshmendra converted from Shaivism to Vaishnavism. See V. E. V. V. Raghavacharya and D. G. Padhye (eds), Minor Works of Kshemendra, The Sanskrit Academy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 1961, p. 3. I cannot agree with O'Flaherty, op. cit., p. 204 that Kshemendra was a Jain. Notes to pp. 43-58 201 32. Jayadeva, Gita Govinda, 1.1.9. 33. Devibhagavata Purana, 10.5.13, from O'Flaherty, p. 204. 34. Swami Jagadiswarananda, Kalki Comes in 1985 (Behur, India: Sri Ramakrishna Dharmachakra, 1965) preface, p. 12. 35. Julia Day Howell, 'Vehicles for the Kalki Avatar: the Experiments of a Javanese Guru in Rationalizing Ecstatic Religion' Stanford Univer­ sity, Ph.D. Dissertation, 1977. 36. Gore Vidal, Kalki (New York: Random House, 1978). 37. Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millenium (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961) pp. 115-116. 38. Rudolf Otto, India's Religion of Grace and Christianity Compared and Contrasted (London: SCM Press, 1930) p. 109. 39. Dr Norvin Hein, 'Early Protestant Views of Hinduism, 1600-1825', Unpublished paper, Yale Divinity School, n.d., no pagination. 40. P. J. Marshall, The British Discovery of Hinduism in the Eighteenth Century (London: Cambridge University Press, 1970) p. 28. 41. Ibid., pp. 28-9. 42. Ibid., p. 243. 43. Ibid., p. 244. 44. Ibid., p. 33. 45. Ibid., p. 33. 46. Louis Jaccoliot, Christna et Le Christ (Paris, 1877) p. 8. 47. William H. McNeill and M. Iriye, Modern Asia and Africa (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971) p. 93. 48. Ibid., pp. 99 and 101. 49. Kersey Graves, The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors, 6th edn (New Hyde Park, New York, University Books, 1971) pp. 256-73. 50. M. K. Gandhi, Christian Missions (Ahmadabad: Navajivan Publish­ ing House, 1941) p. 113. 51. M. K. Gandhi, The Message of Jesus Christ (Bombay, 1940) p. 35. 52. Geoffrey Parrinder, Avatar and Incarnation (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1970) p. 277. 53. Rabindranath R. Maharaj, Death of a Guru (Philadelphia: A. J. Hol­ man Co., 1977) pp. 148-9. CHAPTER 2: MODERN AVATARS OF INDIA 1. Charles S. J. White, 'The Sai Baba Movement: Approaches to the Study of Indian Saints', in The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 31, no. 4 (Aug. 1972) pp. 862, 878. 2. Swami Sivananda Radha, 'Kundalini: an Overview', in John White (ed.), Kundalini, Evolution and Enlightenment (New York: Doubleday, 1979) p. 52. 3. Norvin J. Hein, 'Caitanya's Ecstasies and the Theology of the Name', in Bardwell L. Smith (ed.) Hinduism, New Essays in the History of Religions (E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1976) p. 29. 202 Notes to pp. 59-75 4. Christopher Isherwood, Vedanta for the Western World (The Viking Press, New York, 1945) p. 225. 5. S. K. De, Early History of the Vaishnava Faith and Movement in Bengal (General Printers and Publishers Ltd., Calcutta, 1942) p. 333. 6. Romain Rolland, The Life of Ramakrishna (Advaita Ashrama, Cal­ cutta, 1965) p. 297. 7. Ibid., p. 13. 8. Swami Prabhavananda, The Spiritual Heritage of India (Vedanta Press, Hollywood, California, 1963) p. 336. 9. Arvind Sharma, 'Ramakrsna Paramhamsa: a Study in a Mystic's Attitude Towards Women', unpublished paper, on p. 9 Sharma suggests that during Ramakrishna's six months of worship as Radha, that Ramakrishna began to menstruate, and his source is Saradananda, p. 238. 10. Swami Saradananda, Sri Ramakrishna, The Great Master (Sri Rama- krishna Math, Mylapore, India, 1952) p. 188. 11. Ibid., p. 189. 12. Ibid., p. 189. 13. Ibid., pp. 189-90. 14. Christopher Isherwood, Ramakrishna and His Disciples (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1970) p. 96. 15. Swami Saradananda, op. cit., p. 169. 16. Ibid., p. 250, n. 1. 17. Prabhavananda, op. cit., p. 340. 18. Isherwood, op. cit., p. 148. 19. Harold W. French, The Swan's Wide Waters, Ramakrishna and Western Culture (Port Washington, N.Y.: National University Publications, Kennikat Press, 1974) p. 33. 20. Prabhavananda, op. cit., pp. 120-1. 21. Teachings of Sri Ramakrishna (Calcutta, 1975) pp. 47-9. 22. Swami Akhilananda, Hindu View of Christ (Branden Press, Boston, Mass., 1949) ch. one, pp. 15-44. 23. C. Isherwood, op. cit., p. 300. 24. Ibid., p. 299. 25. Sri Aurobindo, Speeches and Writings p. 90. 26. Dilip K. Roy and Indira Devi, Pilgrims of the Stars (New York: Macmillan, 1973) p. 299. 27. H. Zimmer, Myths and Symbols, p.142. 28. Aurobindo, Savitri, XI, 1. 29. Beatrice Bruteau, Worthy is the World- the Hindu Philosophy of Sri Aurobindo (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Teaneck, N.J., 1972) pp. 39-40. 30. Sri Aurobindo, Essays on the Gita (New York: Sri Aurobindo Library, 1959) p.15. 31. V. Madhusudan Reddy, Avatarhood and Human Evolution (Institute of Human Study, Hyderabad, India, 1972) p. iii. 32. Ibid., p. ii. 33. Ibid., p. ii. 34. Pagal Baba, The Temple of the Phallic King (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1973) p. 184. Notes to pp. 75-86 203 35. Vijay, Sri Aurobindo and the Mother on Avatarhood (Pondicherry, India: Sri Aurobindo Society, 1972) p. 24. 36. Sri Aurobindo, The Mother (Pondicherry, India: Sri Aurobindo Ashram Press, 1928) pp. 31, 33. 37. Sri Aurobindo and His Ashram, p. 65. 38. The Mother, The Mother on Sri Aurobindo (Pondicherry, India: Sri Aurobindo Ashram Press, 1972), not numbered. 39. Ashram Bulletin (Nov., 1970). 40. Narayan Prasad, Life of Sri Aurobindo Ashram (Pondicherry, India: Sri Aurobindo Press, 1965) p. 331. 41. Ibid., p. 332. 42. Marvin H. Harper, Gurus, Swamis and Avatars (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1972) p. 196. 43. Pasupati, On-the Mother Divine (West Bengal: Sri Phanibhusan Nath, 1968) p.11. 44. Ibid., pp. 11-12. 45. Prema Nandakumar, The Mother (of Sri Aurobindo Ashram), (New Delhi: National Book Trust) p.
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