SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIES

An efficient and sustainable use of energy, water INSIDE THIS WHITE PAPER and resources

Resource efficiency in industries

The regulatory framwork driving energy efficiency

Water efficiency - Securing a vital resource

Industry deep dives: Food and Beverage, Resource-intensive, Lifescience and Pharmaceutical, , Industrial Symbiosis 2

SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIES An efficient and sustainable use of energy, water and resources Version 1.0 December 2020

Front page photo Photo : Portland Editing: Henrik Wedel Sivertsen

Editor in Chief State of Green

Technical Editors Confederation of Danish Hans Peter Slente, [email protected] Danish & Food Council Jeppe Søndergaard Pedersen, [email protected] Danish Energy Agency Anne Svendsen, [email protected]

Contributors Aalborg Portland Henriette Charlotte Nikolajsen, [email protected] Aquaporin Søren Robenhagen, [email protected] Aquarden Tore Svendsen, [email protected] Carlsberg Breweries Egle Gintautaite, [email protected] Danfoss Mikkel Thrane, [email protected] Danish Agriculture & Food Council Morten Andersen Linnet, [email protected] DMRI at Danish Technological Institute Laurits Beck Nielsen, [email protected] FLSmidth Michal Krsek, [email protected] GreenLab Skive Thea Lyng Thomsen, [email protected] Grundfos Emil Svaneborg Mathiasen, [email protected] Healthcare Anne Katrine Greisen, [email protected] Kalundborg Bioenergy Erik Lundsgaard, [email protected] Kalundborg Symbiosis Lisbeth , [email protected] Kamstrup Kamilla Wied, [email protected] Marine Ingredients Denmark Anne Mette Bæk, [email protected] NIRAS Thomas B. Olsen, [email protected] NIRAS Jonas B. Borrit, [email protected] NIRAS Søren Nøhr Bak, [email protected] Novo Nordisk Emil Linnet, [email protected] Rambøll Søren Hvilshøj, [email protected] Silhorko – Eurowater Jens O. Gjerløff, [email protected] The Danish Association of the (LIF) Jakob Bjerg Larsen, [email protected]

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Copyright State of Green 2020 Energy efficiency leads the way 3

ENERGY EFFICIENCY LEADS THE WAY

Implementing efficiency measures to ensure energy and water savings is necessary if we are to significantly reduce our emissions.

By Kadri Simson, European Commissioner for Energy, European Union

If we are to deliver on the , the easiest and most cost effective way of cannot produce and meet growing we need to focus on resource and energy reducing our greenhouse gas emissions. food demands, as well as achieve economic efficiency. It is a key instrument towards a Thus, energy efficiency is a natural part of growth. When implementing measures in low-carbon economy and a core part of the EU’s long-term strategy towards carbon production and value chains, it is therefore EU Energy Union. Energy efficiency can save neutrality in 2050. The “energy efficiency inherent to look at both water and energy energy, reduce bills, lower air and first” principles entails realising all energy resources to ensure a robust European improve quality of life. In the Clean Energy efficiency improvements when they are industry. for All Europeans Package, the European more cost effective than equivalent supply Union and member states agreed to commit solutions. Enabling a green energy system to an ambitious energy efficiency target When discussing the future energy system, of at least 32.5 percent by 2030 compared Energy efficiency in industries energy efficiency and to projections of the expected energy Industries account for 26 percent of EU’s sources are both competing for large use. The revised 2018 Energy Efficiency energy demand. Even though large indus- investments. However, renewable energy Directive will continue guiding Member tries have been saving energy as a part of and energy efficiency can as mutually States towards increased energy efficiency. optimizing the productivity, the reduction supportive and it is equally According to the requirements of Article 7 potential is continuously large in many important to address both our consump- of the Directive, EU countries must achieve companies and sectors. By implementing tion and our energy sources. With energy every year new end-use energy savings of crosscutting technologies and energy efficiency, we can decrease 0.8% and cumulate such savings until 2030. saving measures in the entire value-chain, and reduce costs for heating, production Over the 10 years period this would lower this potential can be utilized. With the and electricity, thus, allowing a better their energy consumption on average by 4.4 energy efficiency regulatory framework, integration of renewable energy sources in percent every year. In September 2020, the EU provides tools for increasing energy the energy system. By combining them, we European Commission proposed to speed efficiency in industries, such as the energy could enable a lower peak demand, which up the decarbonisation by decreasing the requirements. would broaden the potential for integrating greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 by at various clean energy sources. least 55% as compared to 1990. The con- Water Energy Nexus Better tribution of energy efficiency, including the together: the need for cross-sectoral headline target, is being reviewed. collaboration Energy and water are inextricably linked: Deliver on Paris Agreement we need ‘water for energy’ for cooling, through energy efficiency first storage, , hydropower etc., and we Our energy policy’s key objective is to put need ‘energy for water’ to pump, treat and energy efficiency first. Energy efficiency is desalinate. Without energy and water, we 4 Energy efficiency enables a green transition

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENABLES A GREEN TRANSITION

Denmark is pioneering within the green sector and we aim to inspire, develop and support green solutions across borders. Reconciling economic growth with ambitious green policies has been Denmark’s hallmark for decades.

The Danish Minister for Climate, Energy and Utilities, Dan Jørgensen

Since 1980, Denmark has managed to decou- consumption through either a ban or on the company’s bottom line in terms of ple economic growth from its overall energy an injunction that sets outs minimum reduced production costs, but they will also consumption: Danish GDP has increased standards. have a positive impact for citizens and the by 100 per cent, while Denmark’s energy climate. consumption has only increased by 6 per • Informative measures: several measures cent and water consumption has decreased are based on increased information to A green transition by 40 per cent. This proves that it is possible end users about energy consumption. When looking at our future energy systems, to create growth without a corresponding Increased information is designed to it is equally important to address our energy increase in energy use. The cheapest energy influence users' behaviour and alert them consumption patterns as well as the kind of is the energy you don’t use. to the potential for energy savings. energy sources we use. Energy efficiency makes it possible to decrease energy con- Instruments to support efficiency sumption, which has a positive impact on The case demonstrates that we have been Energy efficiency in industry the climate, while at the same time reducing able to keep our energy consumption to a Deep diving into the Danish industry, we the marginal cost for heating, production minimum despite immense growth in our can see that our energy consumption has and electricity. In Denmark, we have an GDP over the past three decades. From the decreased by about 24 per cent over the ambitious goal. In Denmark, we have set an Danish government and public institutions’ past two decades. This is partly due to the ambitious goal to reduce our greenhouse side, we have three primary efforts to change in the Danish business composition, gas emissions by 70 per cent by 2030 com- ensure that we keep our energy consump- with a shift away from a reliance on energy pared to 1990 levels. To reach this goal, we tion to a minimum: intensive industry and partly because have to support both renewable energy and existing production has shifted over to less energy efficiency measures. • Economic instruments: through taxes on energy intensive production processes. energy and subsidies for energy-improv- Introducing energy efficiency measures Through this we can create a viable green ing measures, an increased incentive can decreases the marginal cost of energy. With energy system for society, business and our be created to improve energy efficiency. energy consumption representing up to citizens. 40 per cent of the total production cost in • Normative actions: legal requirements industries, this constitutes a huge potential and regulation can directly affect energy for businesses. These savings will be visible INDEX 5

INDEX

Foreword...... 3

Chapter 1: Resource efficiency in industries...... 6

Chapter 2: The regulatory framwork driving energy efficiency...... 8 Informative instruments to reduce energy consumption Danish experience contributes to significant energy reductions in the Ukrainian industry

Chapter 3: Water efficiency - Securing a vital resource...... 10 Examples of water solutions and efficiency measures in industry

INDUSTRY DEEP DIVES

Food and beverage industry...... 12 DRIP – Danish for Resource and Water Efficient Industrial Food Production TripleNine - Cutting the in half New, improved of the quick chill at slaughterhouses with reduced energy consumption Demineralized water for brewery at low water and energy consumption

Organic dairy saves time, money and CO2 emissions with new A new shade of green for grocery stores Carlsberg will halve water usage at its largest brewery in Denmark

Resource-intenstive industry...... 18 Reuse of industrial wastewater at a low cost Surplus heat from industry supplying heating to citizens

Life science and pharmaceutical industry...... 20 Efficient cleaning of wastewater from pharmaceutical production Circular value chains - insulin pens as input for chairs and lamps

Manufacturing industry...... 22

CO2 calculator for the private sector Climate Partnership – Manufacturing Industry Rubber factory creates energy savings of 50 per cent through efficient pumps

FLSmidth helps customers reduce CO2 emissions through increased efficiency

Industrial symbiosis...... 26 Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis GreenLab Skive - The green industrial park of the future 6 1. Resource efficiency in industries

1. RESOURCE EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIES Efficient use of energy, water and other resources in industry

As the world’s resources are becoming increasingly scarce, companies must learn how to produce more from less – not only to limit their environmental footprint, but also to leverage the competitive advantages of improved production efficiency.

A global resource challenge sizeable share of society’s energy consump- Efficient solutions are available

The intense increase in both energy and tion and CO2 emissions. Efficiency – which to reach global climate goals water consumption is linked to a growing means providing the same with less In Denmark, energy intensity in industry has global and rising income levels. input – is increasingly being studied and more than halved from 1990 to 2018 and de- Energy is used to heat and cool our homes, applied as a way to reduce production costs creased by approximately 40 per cent in the power our systems and as a vital input in in industry and alleviating pressures on the EU as a whole. Therefore, industry stands the production of most goods and services. supply of resources. out as a frontrunner in energy efficiency Similarly, water is a vital resource for surviv- compared to other sectors of the economy. al, development and production across all In energy intensive industries, the cost of Experience shows that large efficiency sectors. energy can constitute up to 40 per cent of improvements can be achieved through production costs, which means significant optimised production equipment, Energy, water and other resources are economic gains can be made from increased and workflow, by realising the full potential necessary, but scarce inputs for the manu- energy efficiency. Due to their size and of digitisation and by behavioural changes facture of industrial goods. The challenge organisation, companies can achieve size- and a strong focus from ’s side. for industry is to reduce the vast amounts able efficiency gains by investing in energy Further improvements are obtained from of energy, water and other scarce resources and water efficiency, providing a positive switching to a greener and by used daily in industrial processes across the business case for the company while also harvesting the potentials in surplus energy globe. Today, the industry is responsible for protecting the climate. and water resources that would otherwise 20 per cent of total greenhouse gas emis- have been wasted. sions and industrial consumption places Competitiveness depends sizeable pressure on energy and water on marginal costs The solutions needed for a green transition resources. This may lead to increased costs Competitiveness as a key motivating factor of global industries are in many cases and increased risks on the of supply for instituting energy efficiency policies already available and the potential for for industry. and initiatives is becoming more visible saving energy is tremendous. Improved politically. Technological and the efficiency of energy, water and other The potential of efficiency in industry fact that low hanging fruits appear due to will allow industry Energy is an important input in manufac- changes in e.g. production volume or input to realise substantial economic gains now turing activities – both energy intensive mix, underline the hidden opportunities of while contributing to the realisation of sectors such as steel, cement and chemical investing in energy and water efficiency the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable as well as less energy and water intensive measures. Furthermore, investments in Development Goals, especially as regards ones, such as food and pharmaceuticals. energy saving projects in the industry often to the goals focusing on clean energy, clean Industries are major energy consumers offer a surprisingly short payback time. water, industry, sustainable cities and in most countries, being responsible for a climate action.

Energy intensity in industry, TJ per million Euro (2019) 5,0

4,0

3,0

2,0

1,0

EU28 Ireland Denmark UK Norway Germany Italy France Austria Spain Netherlands Sweden Poland Belgium

Danish industry boasts one of the lowest rates of energy intensity among European countries at approximately half the intensity of the EU28 average. This is in part due to concerted efforts by industry – incentivised through regulation, financing and increased awareness. This effort has reduced energy intensity in industry by 50 per cent since 1990, by 16 per cent since 2010 and the quest for improving energy efficiency continues. 1. Resource efficiency in industries 7 8 2. The regulatory framework driving energy efficiency

2. THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK DRIVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Investing in energy efficiency improvements is often a strong business case for private enterprises, the environment and for society.

Energy efficiency is an essential part of any governmental strategy to guarantee sustainable economic growth. Denmark is a showcase for energy efficiency policies and instruments that can contribute to enhancing security of energy supply, to boosting competitiveness and welfare, and to reducing the environmental footprint of energy systems all over the world.

Efficient use of scarce energy intensity has been reduced by more the implementation of energy efficiency resources such as energy than 60 per cent since 1975. High energy measures with large, energy-intensive Energy efficiency will be an essential part efficiency in production and operations companies in Denmark. To take part in the of the green transition globally. This is also enables a lower marginal cost, which sup- voluntary scheme, the company agrees to the case for the Danish energy system’s ports the competitiveness of industries. implement energy management and energy transition. Energy efficiency improvements efficiency measures in their production. will reduce the need for investments in new Different instruments In return, a substantial portion of the renewable energy capacity and energy and one shared goal energy consumption taxes they pay are infrastructure, as well as reducing the Energy efficiency policy can be divided into reimbursed. The scheme has proven highly space required for new wind turbines and three different types of instruments. successful in promoting energy efficiency solar panels, thereby minimising the costs improvements in industry and under the for society. Furthermore, energy efficiency 1 Normative: Rules and regulations such auspices of government-to-government improvements in the industrial sector (e.g. as "Obligatory Energy for Large cooperation, Denmark is now exporting by minimising and utilising waste heat from Energy Users" best practices and knowledge about how industrial processes) may contribute sub- 2 Informative: Guidelines and advice such to design a successful industrial mechanism stantially to the abatement of greenhouse as Sparenergi.dk for energy efficiency . gases. 3 Economic: Subsidies, tax deductions such as the "Energy Efficiency Obligation Sharing Denmark’s lessons learned Energy policies in Denmark Scheme" or the "Voluntary Agreement The Danish Energy Agency has gathered Like all nations, energy efficiency policy Scheme for Energy Intensive Industry". lessons learned for governmental action on in Denmark has been driven by a range energy efficiency in a policy toolkit. Please of considerations over the years. Earlier, An important lesson learned from the case find the Policy Toolkit for Energy Efficiency energy independence and national security of Danish energy efficiency policies is that in Industries here: of supply was a decisive factor, while green- a multipronged effort, with several instru- house gas abatement and cost optimisation ments and mechanisms pursuing the same https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/ are currently in focus. More than 40 years of objective, could have the biggest impact in Globalcooperation/ee_in_indus- active energy efficiency policies in Denmark reducing the use of energy. tries_toolkit.pdf prove that decoupling economic growth from an increase in energy consumption is Voluntary agreement scheme possible and that it is still possible to harvest for energy intensive Industry low hanging fruits from conducting energy Since 1996, the Danish Energy Agency efficiency improvements. In industry, has entered into agreements regarding 2. The regulatory framework driving energy efficiency 9

Informative instruments to reduce energy consumption purpose is to create synergies between the various regulatory ini- Targeted and coherent information on energy savings is important tiatives and make it easy for users to find impartial, quality content when wanting to implement efficiency measures across sectors and on the subject. For industries, the provides guidelines and industries. The Danish Energy Agency has gathered its information best practices for companies’ energy management, as well as free activities regarding energy efficiency on the website, SparEnergi. campaigns that can be rolled out to reduce energy consumption dk. A one-point entry to all the agency’s information regarding among employees. energy savings, SparEnergi.dk is organised into landing pages and theme pages, including facts, cases, guides and digital tools. The Courtesy: Danish Energy Agency, www.sparenergi.dk

Photo credit: Danish Energy Agency

Danish experience contributes to significant energy gain access to financing on attractive terms and partial investment reductions in the Ukrainian industry support in exchange for saving energy. In the intergovernmental Denmark and Ukraine have established a government-to-govern- cooperation, new initiatives within energy efficiency in industry ment cooperation which aims to ensure solutions for an independent can, when implemented, reduce CO2 emissions in Ukraine by at least and more sector in Ukraine. The Danish Energy 9 to 12 million tonnes of CO₂ over five years. This is equivalent to Agency has supported the Ukrainian State Agency’s ambitions as about one-third of the annual Danish CO₂ emissions from energy regards energy efficiency and energy savings by designing a mech- consumption. anism for industrial energy efficiency based on Danish experiences with Voluntary Agreements. Through the scheme, businesses will Courtesy: Danish Energy Agency, Viegand Maagøe 10 3. Water efficiency – securing a vital resource

3. WATER EFFICIENCY – SECURING A VITAL RESOURCE Sustainable water consumption in water stressed

Increasing water efficiency in industrial value chains can decrease costs, increase competitiveness, and reduce societal risks by using less water in water stressed communities.

The availability of water is a critical issue and between domestic use and industrial pro- needs of the local , be it ground will continue to be so with a swelling global cesses. From Cape Town to California, water or surface water based. A dedicated effort population and rising living standards. Its scarcity results in water stressed areas, will lessen the global strain on water importance as a global issue is reflected in where water is a valuable resource needed resources and in a local context, benefit the United Nations SDG 6, which highlights for both the population as well as agricul- the total water system and supply for local the need for “Efficient Water-Use and ture and other industries. For instance, in citizens and domestic use. Sustainable Withdrawal” in target 6.4. This California almond farming alone uses about increased focus on is driven 10 per cent of the state’s total water supply Making every drop count by the risk of shortages of a key resource annually and overall agriculture claims 80 With the pervasive challenge of water scar- for production and industry, namely water. per cent of California’s water consumption. city, industries are looking at solutions to The challenge is particularly illustrated Despite significant reductions in water con- decrease water withdrawals and maximise by the fact that it takes approximately 50 sumption of 33 per cent over the last two the possibilities for its reuse in production litres of water a day to satisfy one person’s decades, the water footprint still averages and throughout the entire value chain. Not basic water need, but it takes 2,500 litres around 12 litres water consumption per only to positively impact society and local to produce that same person’s daily food Californian almond. Several initiatives are communities, but also to enhance their intake. Therefore, to solve the global water being taken and the California almond com- own competitiveness. A high water price in scarcity challenge, it is imperative to look at munity has committed to a goal of achieving Denmark (8.8 EUR/m3) has created incen- water usage in industries. an additional 20 per cent water reduction by tives for the industry to decrease water 2025, but it will still be around 10 litres per usage and thus decrease marginal costs Water stressed areas Californian almond. spent on water. Equally, the ever-present As more and more regions experience risk of rising water rates and wastewater , often in combination with If a production facility is located in a water discharge fees invoke continuous develop- deteriorating water quality of available stressed area, industry needs to manage ments for efficient water use and sustaina- sources, there is an increased focus on water in a smart and efficient way in order ble withdrawal in industries. the division of available water resources to balance water withdrawals against the

It is important to optimise the wastewater treatment on-site to clean at source as much as possible, reuse wastewater in processes and where possible, review possibilities for reinfiltration in forms of managed aquifer recharge. Photo credit: Rambøll 3. Water efficiency – securing a vital resource 11

Water stress by country, 2040

Ratio of withdrawals to supply Low (<10%) Low to medium (10-20%) Note: Projections are based on a Medium to high (20-40%) business-as-usual scenario using High (40-80%) SSP2 and RCP8.5 Extremely High (>80%) Source: World Resources Institute

Examples of water solutions and efficiency measures in industry

• Set reduction targets for water abstraction/consumption and wastewater discharge in terms of both quality and quantity.

• Focus on water efficiency and increasing water re-use and recycling

• Pollution abatement and control measures enabling reliable water accounting

• Infrastructure maintenance and reduce unnecessary water consumption and water loss

• Water and governance including engaging with policymakers and integrating water into long-term business objectives. Ensure close coordination with water management authorities.

• Water risk assessment, increase current water resources through managed aquifer recharge of cleaned effluents, or surface waters, or identify alternative water supply sources

• Optimise water consumption at all facilities as well as throughout the entire value chain. 12 4 . The food and beverage industry

4 . THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY Sustainable solutions that conserve resources while ensuring high product quality

Population increases, growing demand for food and climate change have created an immense challenge. If we are to feed the world’s growing population while solving climate challenges, there is a need for innovative solutions and new technologies.

A growing population water, responsible for approximately 20 energy savings measures. The aim of sus- increases demand per cent of industrial water consumption tainable production design is to ensure each By 2050, the world’s population will number worldwide. This sector will therefore face unit of production consumes less water and approximately 10 billion. With 10 billion growing pressure from politicians and energy, resulting in lower CO2 emissions. hungry mouths to feed, the demand for other groups to reduce their water usage in food will increase sharply. Projections from order to preserve good quality freshwater. Competition driving efficiency The Food and Agriculture Increasingly, the situation will be that water An energy and water efficient of the United Nations, FAO, indicate that is not available in the quality and quantity is not only important for climate reasons. by 2050, a 70 per cent increase in current required for food processing and cleaning Internal and external pressures on the food food production will be necessary. Already processes. and beverage industry to reduce prices and today, the global food industry faces an marginal costs means instituting efficiency important task as, according to the IPCC, Water–energy–food nexus measures can create a tangible competitive food production accounts for 24 per cent Water, energy and food production are advantage. Many food and beverage com- of the world’s CO2 emissions. The solution inextricably linked. Food and agriculture are panies started to implement energy effi- is to find ways to produce more food and the largest consumers of water, requiring ciency measures years ago and an increasing beverages whilst using less resources such one hundred times more than we consume number of companies regard their energy as water and energy. In essence, to develop for personal needs. Industry is interested efficiency efforts as ongoing activities for new methods that ensure food production in solutions to reduce water and energy continuous improvement. In Denmark, the leaves a smaller climate footprint. consumption. When implementing control food sector’s energy consumption fell by systems and working systematically with almost 32 per cent from 1973 to 2017. In the Pressure to reduce water usage water usage, it creates a spillover effect, same period, production value increased by The food industry and the beverage indus- leading to awareness of energy consump- 60 per cent, demonstrating it is possible to try in particular, are major consumers of tion, which in turn, is often followed by produce more with less. 4 . The food and beverage industry 13

DRIP – Danish Partnership for Resource and TripleNine - Cutting the water footprint in half Water Efficient Industrial Food Production TripleNine, a Danish fishmeal and fish oil factory in Western Denmark, DRIP is a public-private partnership focused on water efficiency in has cut their water footprint in half with the introduction of new the food industry - one of the largest water consuming industries . With this new flotation technology, the discharge water in Denmark and globally. The partnership gathers a number of food passes through a tank of nozzles that blows small air bubbles into sector companies, technology providers, and RTO insti- the water. This process causes the fish residues and oil to accumu- tutes to produce more food with less water without compromising late on the surface in a foam fraction. The foam can then be scraped product quality and food safety. The partnership is realised due off and used, and the water thereby can be reused many times. The to a deep commitment on behalf of the Danish Food Authorities, implementation of the new technology is a result of TripleNine’s who monitor and assist with safety aspects. The ultimate goal is to partnership with DRIP. Based on the results of the pilot project, the reduce water consumption by 15 - 30 per cent, moving from a food new technology is estimated to save 50 - 70 per cent of the 16,000 safety regulatory demand of using drinkable quality water for all m3 of water TripleNine discharge annually, which amounts to an purposes to the use of upgraded water sources, i.e. operating from annual saving of EUR 130,000 as well as reducing Triple Nine’s CO2 a water-fit-for-purpose paradigm. The business rationale is not only emissions by 955 tonnes. to achieve water savings but also associated energy savings, as well as the possible recovery of resources in processing and wastewater. Courtesy: DRIP Partnership, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, New innovative water solutions have been developed in a number Marine Ingredients Denmark. TripleNine , Teknologisk Institut, of lighthouse projects; and best practice solutions will eventually be BIO-AQUA, Insatech, Vand & Spildevand implemented in large-scale operations. 14 4 . The food and beverage industry Photo credit: Eurowater

Demineralized water for brewery at designed for high water utilisation, compromising neither reliability low water and energy consumption nor water quality. The upgrade has resulted in more than 200,000 Water is one of the primary ingredients in . Consequently, EUR in yearly savings as well as less environmental impact due to a brewery is a large-scale consumer of high-quality water. So is reduced water and energy consumption. The yearly savings add up

Harboe's Brewery, located in Skælskør, Denmark. Harboe has a to 89 MWh, equal to 45 tonnes of CO2, 98,000 cubic metres of water, strong corporate culture emphasising responsibility, collaboration, and 49 tonnes of for water softening. The return on investment quality and results. When it was time to replace the existing water (ROI) was approximately one year. treatment plant, it was a matter of course to adopt new and efficient water technology. SILHORKO-EUROWATER has supplied, installed Courtesy: Silhorko-Eurowater, Harboe Brewery and commissioned this solution built around reverse osmosis units

Photo credit: DMRI

New, improved design of the quick chill tunnel at performance in a fully loaded tunnel by use of e.g. a ladder. Optimal slaughterhouses with reduced energy consumption defrosting can reduce the electrical power consumption by more In meat production, one of the major energy consuming elements than 10 per cent from the compressor and fans (which is equivalent is the chilling and defrosting process. DMRI has introduced an to a saving of EUR 65,000 annually) and eliminating prolonged intermediate deck in our chill tunnel design, which provides the blockage/icing of evaporators can reduce the evaporative chill loss tunnel with less process room volume and easier access for by more than 0.15 per cent, resulting in savings of more than EUR and regulation during operations than is the case for the present 180,000 annually. tunnel. Improved access to the mezzanine floor with a catwalk for NB. Calculations based on 500 pigs/hour of 90 kg, 1 shift operation, inspection and optimisation of evaporator defrosting cycles means 250 workdays/year and EU electricity prices. that maintenance staff can access and closely inspect defrosting cycles. Without the mezzanine floor and catwalk, it is close to impos- Courtesy: Danish Meat Research Institute - DMRI sible to safely and thoroughly inspect the evaporators’ defrosting 4 . The food and beverage industry 15

Photo credit: NIRAS, Thise

Organic dairy saves time, money and CO2 emissions fully automated crane system stores and retrieves packing materi- with new warehouse als. Water and heat consumption have been lowered due to water Thise is an innovative Danish dairy specialising in organic products. and heat metres that were installed and monitored remotely by Due to increased demand, Thise decided to build a new high bay Kamstrup, a leading supplier of and water meter- warehouse and enlarge parts of its existing facilities. In 2017, ing solutions. The project also includes better facilities for its per- the Danish consultancy company NIRAS started conducting sonnel and an area that allows visitors to get close to the production assessments and analysing logistics. NIRAS’ experts designed without risking the food safety or the quality of the products. Thise the warehouse to be as logistically efficient, environmentally has reduced its use of diesel for by 2.3 per cent and its CO2 friendly and considerate of its’ neighbours as possible. The new emissions from 4,200 tonnes in 2018 to 2,300 tonnes in 2019. warehouse is partly embedded in a raised mound and the chim- neys’ emulates the sky to make the site less noticeable. Courtesy: Thise, NIRAS, Kamstrup

A new boiler provides energy while emitting less CO2, and a

Photo credit: Danfoss

A new shade of green for grocery stores cool down its counters a little more than necessary – extra Danfoss and SMA technology enables supermarket “Aktiv & Irma” energy from the grid. in Oldenburg, Germany to store and generate electricity with an When the weather turns, and the power plant needs electricity, the intelligent, two-way connection to the electricity grid, showing the supermarket's counters are colder than necessary. And then, it can energy-management potential of supermarkets. consume less electricity for a while – without damaging food safety. The supermarket’s refrigeration and cooling counters are key to The supermarket operates with an energy consumption level that is making it function like a giant battery and contribute to creating a roughly 20 per cent lower than the average European supermarket. more flexible, sustainable and green energy system. In windy and sunny weather, the local power plant will typically have excess avail- Courtesy: Danfoss, SMA, Irma ability of sun or wind power. In that situation, the supermarket can 16 4 . The food and beverage industry Photo credit: Carlsberg Group

Carlsberg will halve water usage at the of the water recycling plant is a major technical its largest brewery in Denmark achievement that will have a huge impact on the sustainable use of A new water recycling plant will turn Carlberg’s largest brewery water and energy. in Denmark into the most water efficient brewery in the entire The project will use advanced water treatment technologies such as Carlsberg Group, and probably also the world. Carlsberg’s the highly efficient Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Advanced Oxidation Brewery has consistently focused on resource management and Processes (AOP) in order to deliver water of drinkable quality. Due water reduction, but even more advanced water recycling technol- to the production of biogas in the pre-treatment step, the plant will ogies were required to reach the ambitious targets set in Carlsberg’s produce approximately four times the energy used for the processes. ‘Together Towards ZERO’ programme. Carlsberg decided to develop The project will serve as a learning platform for Carlsberg breweries a new water recycling plant in close cooperation with the Danish worldwide. Carlsberg’s aim is to halve its water usage globally from consultancy company NIRAS, who is managing the project. 3.4 to 1.7 hectolitres per hectolitre of beverage produced by 2030. The production facility will recycle 90 per cent of all process water and halve its overall water usage from 2.9 to 1.4 hectolitres of water Courtesy: Carlsberg Group, NIRAS, Hydract, per hectolitre of produced beer, making it Carlsberg’s first brewery to Tetra Pak Filtration Solutions, DRIP virtually eliminate water waste. According to NIRAS’ water experts, 4 . The food and beverage industry 17

Relative Water Consumption (hl/hl) Carlsberg

3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0

2.5

1.7

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2017 2018 2019 2022 2030

* The data is a reflection on the average performance of the sites Carlsberg had in the reporting year. 18 5. The resource-intensive Industries

5. THE RESOURCE-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES Supporting infrastructure growth through efficiency

Saving energy and water in traditionally resource-intensive industries is one of the most necessary steps in a green transition while at the same time creating growth and economic development.

Resource-intensive industries such as steel, recommendations and solutions on how to Knowledge is key refining, chemical and cement are critical reduce CO2 and green house gasses in their Although many energy efficiency measures and important suppliers to all industries; en- respective sectors. The Climate Partnership have already been realised in industries abling activities in other sectors and society for Energy Intensive Industry has reported with high-energy consumption based on at large, including transport, construction on their contribution to the Danish climate a strong focus on energy costs, there are and power generation. target of 70 per cent CO2 reductions by still many ordinary efficiency measures to 2030 compared to 1990 levels. They point be realised through information campaigns The resource intensive industry today to reaching 30 per cent by own measures – particularly aimed at small and medium In the European Union (EU), industry ac- in the industry, such as energy efficiency enterprises. For the large emitters, an indi- counts for 15 per cent of total CO2 emissions measures, of low-tempera- vidual approach must be pursued – aiming and energy-intensive industries account for ture processes and innovation directed at at realising significant potentials in each more than half of this. Therefore, the EU’s lower CO2 emitting products and processes. individual company. ambitions of becoming climate neutral by Electrification of low-temperature pro- 2050 can only be realised with the active cesses will also contribute to future energy European masterplan participation of the energy-intensive indus- and CO2 savings for two reasons; 1) Electric In 2019, the High-Level Group of Energy try. The challenge is to decrease emissions processes (where they are possible) are Intensive Industries delivered a masterplan while keeping the industries competitive often more energy efficient 2) More than for a competitive transformation of EU and positioning them to exploit the huge 50 per cent of the Danish electricity supply Energy-intensive Industries Enabling a potential of the global market for low-emis- is based on renewable energy sources such Climate-neutral, Circular Economy by 2050. sion technologies and services. The ener- as wind, biomass and solar. An additional gy-intensive industry is engaged and has 20 per cent can be reached through carbon The presented masterplan identifies strate- realised significant reductions already. capture, usage and storage (CCUS). Some of gic priorities within three areas: the required solutions are not yet commer- Reducing emissions cially viable and their realisation will require • Creation of a market for climate-neutral, through several measures public investments and a willingness circular economy products In 2019, the Danish government initiat- among customers to prioritise low-carbon • Developing climate-neutral solutions and ed 13 so-called ‘climate ’, products. Finally, this sector can contribute financing their uptake representing all branches of the Danish significantly to further energy savings in • Access to resources and deployment private sector. The aim was to involve the society by making their surplus heat from private sector to contribute with concrete processes available to others.

Eight initiatives from the industry to reduce CO2e-emissions

Energy efficiency Electrification and room heating Shift to biogas Production and demand of improvements Electrification of machinery, that Shift from fossil fuels to biogas in sustainable solutions Optimization of processes and run on and shift from gas high temperature-processes, which Production of and demand of investments in more energy boiler to district heating and heat cannot be electrified sustainable solutions and products,

efficient machinery to reduce use of pumps that emit less CO2e natural gas and electricity

CO2 capture among largest Increased use of Shift to green transport Global reduction of Danish CO2-emitters surplus heat Accelerated shift to green green technologies Pilot project to expand knowledge Further utilization of the large transport and demand to suppliers of Danish solutions

about the carbon capture amounts of CO2-neutral surplus on CO2-footprint that can reduce the CO2-footprint technology heat, which is not used today of others

The climate partnership on Energy Intensive Industry stipulate eight action areas for reducing CO2 emissions and a total of 61 concrete recom- mended actions to reach the goal of achieving a 70 per cent CO2 reduction by 2030. Source: Climate Partnership – Resource Intensive Industry 5. The resource-intensive Industries 19

Photo credit: Aquaporin, Forward Technologies

Reuse of industrial wastewater at a low cost The company Forward Water Technologies has developed an As a result of water scarcity, many industries today are under industrial wastewater treatment pilot plant, which uses Aquaporin increasing pressure from consumers, regulators and investors to Inside® forward osmosis membranes to clean and recycle water. shift towards a more sustainable use of water. One of the strategies Doing so has allowed them to demonstrate a wastewater volume re- is Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD), in which all wastewater is cleaned duction typically of 70 per cent and greater than 92 per cent in some and reused within a factory. ZLD strategies for minimising waste applications. The pilot plant is currently operating with streams streams are already possible but extremely resource consuming. from oil & gas production. However, the learnings from this applica- By using forward osmosis, it is possible to extract very high quality tion can be transferred to other industries – e.g. the , water by only using a small fraction of the energy associated with which is one of the most water consuming and polluting industries. evaporators and reduced CapEx via the utilisation of non-exotic materials for construction. This can, in some cases, lead to under 2 Courtesy: Forward Water Technologies, Aquaporin years payback.

Surplus heat from industry supplying heating to citizens The Aalborg Portland cement factory supplies surplus heat from In order to produce cement, raw materials such as and production in the form of district heating to the residents of sand have to be burned at temperatures of up to 1500°C. Due to Aalborg. In 2019, this surplus heat corresponded to the annual heat this high temperature process, the Aalborg Portland cement factory consumption of approximately 25,000 households. There are also generates enormous amounts of excess heat. One of the main other projects in the works to utilise excess heat, such as reusing the sources of waste heat is the flue gas streams from the white kilns. hot air from the grey kiln’s clinker cooler as primary inlet air to all the The solution to this energy loss was to implement a heat recovery white kilns and one of Aalborg Portland’s mills. system, in which the flue gases from the five white kilns are utilised in heat exchanger installations to transfer the thermal energy from Courtesy: Aalborg Portland the flue gas to the City of Aalborg’s district heating network. Sustainable strategies the at core the of life science in Denmark industry 6. THE LIFE SCIENCE AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY ,equivalent to a reduction of 55 per cent. per 55 of areduction to ,equivalent 2017 in tonnes 53,000 to 1990 in tonnes Green growth in life science and pharmaceutical industry industry pharmaceutical and science life in growth Green reducing its CO sector the in resulted have efforts These gas emissions. togoal greenhouse reduce a set 10 has of 9out today and strategies, business in this incorporated historically has industry science life the Denmark, In from topa management. priority strategic ensure to is industry the in measures able sustain implementing of part important An Sustainability of part core strategies awhole. as society in as well as sector, the in wealth and growth in increases continuous creation (green growth) is a prerequisite for value and emissions of decoupling This nine. of afactor by increased has production while 1990, since cent per 55 by emissions own its reduce to able been has sector pharmaceutical and science life Danish The way. efficient an in processes manufacturing their improve Sustainability is a managerial and strategic goal for pharmaceutical the companies around globe to 20 1000 1200 800 400 600 200 0 Gross growth invalue at xed prices CO 6. T e-emissions

1990 he life 1991 2 science emissions from 118,000 emissions from 1992

1993 and 1994 pharmaceutical 1995

1996

1997 -

1998 or organisation’s value chain. company’s another in reused are processes symbioses, where residues from production industrial as known is what in seen instance for is This minimisation. waste and recycling on been has focus Another patients. of safety ensure to standards production high enable to has industry the as industry, the in a guzzler major energy represent process production in the pharmaceutical systems codes and standards. Ventilation Thisused. has also by enabled been national energy the optimise to been has buildings on focus the instance, For 1990. since place taken has that industry the of greening the to contributors main the been have energy green utilising to ashift as well as buildings and manufacturing of optimisation the sector, biotech and science life the In Solutions a creating smaller footprint industr 1999

2000 y 2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006 Source: Statistics DenmarkandtheDanishEnergy Agency 2007

2008 customer.important and - a major industry pharmaceutical the from demand is there as solutions, green innovative developing of risk the taking dare sub-suppliers where effects, le-down trick created has and can This solutions. and technologies green demand to bility aresponsi has thus industry pharma the and emissions indirect generate packaging Transport, supply, energy and materials industry. the of chains value the and pliers sub-sup from stems industry science life the from emissions the of part largest The for global value chains Demand and requirements

2009

2010

2011

2012 +900 %growth

2013 -55% CO e

2014

2015 Decoupling

2016

2017 - - - 6. The life science and pharmaceutical industry 21

Photo credit: Aquarden

Efficient cleaning of wastewater pharmaceutical substances, which can be sent directly to receiving from pharmaceutical production water bodies (lakes, rivers, sea), sent to the sewer or can be reused The need to remove pharmaceutical residues in wastewater will as process water in the production facility. The process is energy increase in the coming years. Pharmaceuticals are designed to be efficient as 90 per cent of the process heat is recycled and used as biologically active ingredients (API). A large amount of antibiotics, input for SCWO process as well as heating the production facilities. painkillers and hormones currently end up in the aquatic environ- Furthermore, Aquarden’s SCWO technology offers a significant ment, simply because municipal treatment plants are not built environmental bonus from a reduced CO₂ footprint and minimised to purify these substances. The Danish company, Aquarden has combustion emissions with a 75 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions. developed a Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) technology, a system which completely destroys hazardous substances below Courtesy: Aquarden Technologies required limits. The end product is pure water cleaned of hazardous

Circular value chains - Recycling insulin pens invented a machine making it possible to sort the pen’s many compo- as input for chairs and lamps nents, such as plastic and glass. Novo Nordisk then teamed up with As a part of Novo Nordisk’s environmental strategy, the company a Danish design firm, so that the discarded plastic was used to make focuses on how they can integrate green principles into the product office chairs. Furthermore, the glass from the discarded insulin vials development, and also works towards increasing the amount of has also been given a new of life after being melted down to plastic waste being recycled. Even though Novo Nordisk strives to create lamps. In this way Novo Nordisk aim to reduce the number of use environmentally friendly materials, an integral part of achieving pens ending up in and use resources in a more circular way. its environmental goals is the ability to recycle insulin pens, as these consist of 77 per cent plastic which cannot be thrown into a regular Courtesy: Novo Nordisk recycling bin. To be able to recycle the insulin pens, the company 22 7. The manufacturing industry

7. THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY Industry consumes resources and leads the way in efficiency

Manufacturing industries globally are responsible for a major part of economies’ emissions and resource use. In Denmark, the example shows that decoupling production from resource use is possible.

Manufacturing industries are major Experience shows that large efficiency energy at high rates. A new Danish project consumers of energy, water and other re- improvements can be achieved through identifies technologies and methods that sources in most countries - responsible for optimised production equipment, buildings allow the efficient use of electric power a large share of society’s energy consump- and workflow, by realising the full potential for process energy supply. The project has tion and CO2 emissions. Due to their effi- of digitisation, by behavioural changes and started out focusing on drying and evap- cient organisation and size, manufacturing a strong focus from management’s side. oration processes. Furthermore, the case companies can achieve sizeable efficiency Further improvements are obtained by companies all undergo a thorough energy gains by investing in efficiency measures, switching to a greener energy supply and performance audit, enabling them not only providing a positive business case for the by harvesting the potentials in surplus to switch to electricity but also to realise company while protecting the climate. energy and water resources that would overall energy savings through process otherwise have been wasted. optimisations. The to carbon neutral manufacturing Electrification of Increasing electrification will improve In Denmark, a wide range of instruments manufacturing industry industry’s competitiveness, as electrified are used to accelerate energy efficiency Electricity constitutes 32 per cent of total processes often contain large economic in industry. They include information energy use in the manufacturing industry. savings which give a direct improvement campaigns, sharing of best practices and This share has increased since 1990 but in the company’s competitive position in consultancy. There are concrete financing stagnated in recent years. However, the form of lower costs. In addition, the instruments for pinpointed solutions or further use of electricity in industry process of electrification is an opportunity general efficiency investments. Target instead of fossil fuels is a viable method to to optimise energy and resource use in setting at company, industry or country decrease the of industry, general, yielding further economic and level combined with voluntary or mandatory bearing in mind that today electricity in climate savings. The electrification result- reporting and certification. Through these Denmark is primarily sourced from renew- ing in lower CO2 emissions is a marketable measures, the Danish manufacturing indus- ables, with a share of wind energy close to advantage over manufacturing companies try has been able to increase manufacturing 50 per cent and a total share of renewables – and will be even more so in the future output by 35 per cent while CO2 emissions above 60 per cent. with increased climate awareness. have been reduced by 65 per cent. This de- coupling of emissions from manufacturing Studies suggest that most industrial pro- output is explained primarily by increased cesses can be converted to electricity from efficiency (55 per cent), electrification and a technological point of view. The change fuel switching (15 per cent), and offshoring is difficult for industries that require of production (30 per cent). high temperature processes and thermal 7. The manufacturing industry 23

Photo credit: Unsplash

CO2 calculator for the private sector of Danish Industry has recently launched a simple web-based tool,

For industry to decrease its CO2 footprint, it will need to have an the “CO2 CALCULATOR” which enables companies to estimate their overview of it green house gas emissions from its own processes CO2 footprint by realising just a few steps in a web calculator. This (scope 1), its energy consumption (scope 2) and the footprint from its tool – and its benchmarking opportunities for participants – enables inputs from suppliers (scope 3). To enable the calculations of scope further progress in energy efficiency in industry. 1 and 2 emissions, and thereby increase the awareness and moti- vation among companies for energy efficiency, the Confederation Courtesy: Confederation of Danish Industry

Climate partnerhip on manufacturing: several measures can be implemented to reduce emissions and energy in the manufacturing industry

Global reduction from Scope 1 reduction: Scope 2 reduction: Scope 3 reduction: green technology: 0.9 million tons app. 0.9 million tons app. 3.0 million tons app. 350 million tons

Energy Electrica- Shift to e ciency Shift to Sustainable Eect from tion and CO capture Surplus heat green improve- biogas Products technology roomheating transport ments

Source: Climate Partnership – Manufacturing Industry

Climate Partnership – Manufacturing Industry electrification of processes and green transport, the partnership In Denmark, 13 climate partnerships have been established by has concluded that it is possible and economically feasible to reduce government and 13 business sectors to contribute with recom- emissions by up to 80 per cent by 2030. Furthermore, scope 2 emis- mendations on how to reduce greenhouse gases by 70 per cent in sions can be reduced by 95 per cent in 2030 through further energy 2030 (compared to 1990 levels). One of the climate partnerships efficiency measures in regards to electrical equipment and change consists of the manufacturing industry. The partnership has ana- to green fuels in the energy sector supplying industry. Overall, the lysed the emissions from own production (scope 1) as well as from manufacturing sector in Denmark can be practically CO2 neutral by energy supply (scope 2) and supply chain (scope 3). The conclusion 2030 compared to 1990 and aim to become the first climate-neutral is that the major part of emissions in scope 1 stems from natural manufacturing sector in the world. gas consumption and own transport . Through efficiency, 24 7. The manufacturing industry

Rubber factory creates energy savings of 50 per cent installation of Grundfos pumps and their control systems paid for through efficient pumps itself within 18 months through reduced energy costs. Payback time At the Yokohama Rubber factory in Japan, an audit of their energy and at the other plants showed payback time of one year at Hiratsuka, water management revealed a huge potential for realising energy and the second Shinshiro installation was paid back within 15 savings by instituting simple measures. By replacing 30-year-old months. The first step of the Yokohama efficiency project was the pumps in the cooling system for the production process, the rubber conduction of a pump audit showing the potential to save energy factory has reduced their energy consumption by more than 50 per and costs in the production, which was the necessary business case cent. This amount of energy saved also resulted in cost savings of to invest in the energy efficient equipment. more than JPY 4 million (around EUR 40,000) in the first year. The successful result of the project enabled further investments in Courtesy: Grundfos, Yokohama Rubber Factory Grundfos pumps in Yokohama’s other factories in Japan. The initial

Photo credit: FLSmidth

FLSmidth helps cement customers reduce CO2 emissions preparation system, allowing Holcim to optimise their clinker factor through increased efficiency and thereby their environmental footprint.

Cement production accounts for 7 per cent of global CO2 emissions. Increasing sample throughputs with the QCX Centaurus (automated As the world’s leading supplier of equipment and a service partner sample preparation system) has ensured better control of the kiln to the industry, FLSmidth has a massive opportunity to influence process and minimised the safety buffer in process control resulting the decarbonisation of cement production. Clinker is the most in a higher efficiency - in the range of about 2 per cent – leading to carbon-intensive ingredient in cement. Optimising cement’s clinker lower emissions and fuel savings. For more information on sustaina- factor has therefore become a key target for cement companies ble cement equipment go to FLSmidth.com looking to reduce their carbon emissions. At Holcim Germany’s cement plant in Höver, FLSmidth has provided an automated sample Courtesy: Höver Cement, LafargeHolcim, FLSmidth 7. The manufacturing industry 25

Production have increased by 35 % since 1990, while CO2e-emissions has dropped by app. 65 %

Million tons CO e (scope 1) 4.0 3.8 2.9

+35 % app. 10-20 % Energy shift 3.0 2.8 Relocation to app. 20-40 % other countries 2.0 -67 %

0.9 1.0 Eciency app. 50-60 % improvement

0.0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 Explanation of development Same production methods as 1990 Actual emissions 26 8. Industrial symbiosis

8. INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS Reusing, sharing and providing resources are important parameters to secure sustainable production.

Industrial symbiosis is an important tool to create a circular economy and green growth. A look beyond the fence of your own production site can lead to a significant value proposition, by working together in local clusters, cross-sectoral or in public-private partnerships.

An industrial symbiosis is a commercial the market. This kind of recycling is already adding end-of-pipe technologies to their collaboration where the residual waste widely used today, but there is potential plants. Co-funding local infrastructure is from one enterprise is used as a resource for more resources to be recycled and at a another good example on how an industrial by another enterprise – resulting in mutual higher quality, with a higher market value. cluster can create long lasting, resilient and economic and environmental benefits attractive framework conditions to secure through a sustainable usage of raw materi- Financial incentives at many levels local growth. als and a reduction of energy consumption. By-products which appear as a residue to one company are very often associated Save money on the energy bill Two types of symbioses with a financial burden to dispose of, Examples of higher energy efficiency A green industrial symbiosis can take on two but in an industrial symbiosis the same through symbiosis collaboration are abun- basic shapes: a “classic symbiosis”, which is by-product can serve as an important input dant. Excess heat in the shape of steam from understood as collaboration between at in the production of another company, one company’s industrial production can be least two companies in which a company’s and will often represent a cheaper and used as process heat by another company. residual product or waste represents an more environmentally friendly alternative Nearby water resources such as a lake or input in another company’s production. to this company than the use of new raw sea water can be used for cooling processes Often, public partners play an important materials. The optimised use of waste and the heated cooling water can later role in building resilient local partnerships products has proved to be an efficient way be fed into a surrounding district heating with a focus on sharing, reusing and provid- of reducing the total energy and resource network. Or using the fermentation slurry ing resources to create mutual value. consumption of the companies involved in from biotech industries for production of an industrial symbiosis. Furthermore, the biogas. Applying a holistic approach to the The second type is referred to as a “symbio- reduced total energy and resource con- use of energy and resources and exploiting sis through the market” and is the exchange sumption may present a way for companies the potential for collaboration with other of resources between companies through to meet regulatory requirements, thus enterprises will, in most cases, carry both collection and processing companies on additionally, saving companies the cost of financial and environmental benefits.

Through almost 60 years of cooperation between public and private companies, an impressing ecosystem has been constructed, today amounting to no less than 20 different waste streams being shared between the partners in the Kalundborg Symbiosis. 8. Industrial symbiosis 27

Photo credit: GreenLab Skive

GreenLab Skive - The green industrial park of the future converts, stores and distributes it as needed. The symbiotic infra- GreenLab is a green, circular, industrial park and intelligent energy structure at GreenLab and embedded resource efficiency enables platform ideally located in Skive, Denmark, where the national 40 green energy at a lower cost and the ability to reach competitive bar gas and 150 kV electricity grids intersect. GreenLab wants to price points. Simultaneously, distribution and offtake partners are integrate those sectors and does so through an industrial symbiosis. secured centrally and collaboratively. The intelligent platform that All entities in the park are powered by 80 MW of wind and solar GreenLab builds will enable the optimisation of green energy con- energy, and they share their excess resources such as heat, steam, sumption “from prognosis to product” and will be the first software electricity and gas through the SymbiosisNet™ - an intelligent of its kind that considers the entire value chain. energy exchange infrastructure. In essence, the symbiosis treats energy as energy – a – regardless of form, and Courtesy: GreenLab Skive

Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis The case demonstrates the circular economy in real life: residue is The biogas and fertiliser potential in residual biomass from local used for energy production in a local set up, saving transportation biotech plants such as those of Novozymes’ and Novo Nordisk’s costs on both biomass (supply) and fertiliser (output) over long is utilised at a local biogas plant, called Kalundborg Bioenergy. At distances. Manufacturing technology has been changed so that lime Kalundborg Bioenergy, biogas is produced, which is subsequently is no longer added to the same extent as before, not only saving upgraded to natural gas quality through a refining process where, money, but also resulting in a much more usable product for local among other things, carbon dioxide and sulphur hydrogen are farmers. The cooperation ensures local companies obtain a green removed from the product, to be used as a resource for other com- energy supply at the same time as resources are being used, shared panies. The natural gas is sent to local companies such as Gyproc and saved in a sustainable way. Saint-Gobain and Equinor Refining Denmark, and further out to consumers through the natural gas grid. Sulphur from the hydrogen Courtesy: Kalundborg Bioenergy is established in partnership sulphide fraction is collected and recovered as a subcomponent in between Ørsted, Bigadan, Novo Nordisk and Novozymes. fertilisers produced on the basis of the biogasified residual biomass. Kalundborg Bioenergy is owned by Bigadan.

Photo credit: Kalundborg Symbiosis Learn more about sustainable industries, find more cases on efficient use of energy, water and resources, and connect with Danish expertise at www.stateofgreen.com/industries

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