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Background Summary Memorandum for Roundhouse Parking Lot Northampton, Massachusetts
A'/ '-z?-zQ EPA CONTRACT NO. 68-W6-0042 EPA WORK ASSIGNMENT NO. 043-SIBZ-OIZZ EPA Project Officer: Diana King 00141 EPA Work Assignment Manager: Jim Byrne J0 24 M no BACKGROUND SUMMARY MEMORANDUM FOR ROUNDHOUSE PARKING LOT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS TARGETED BROWNFIELDS ASSESSMENTS January 2001 Prepared By: Metcalf & Eddy 30 Harvard Mill Square Wakefield4 Massachusetts EL& Metcalf &Eddy I SB' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Background Summary Memorandum - Roundhouse Parking Lot, Northampton, Massachusetts TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................. 1 2.0 SITE INFORMATION OVERVIEW . 2.1 Location ................. 2.2 Site History ................... 2.3 Current Site Features and Utilities . 2.4 Summary of Environmental Information for the Site. 2.5 Adjacent and Nearby Businesses and Properties........ 3.0 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROGEOLOGIC CONDITIONS ....... 7 4.0 SUMMARY OF INFORMATION AND AREAS OF CONCERN 7 REFERENCES ...... ............... 9 FIGURES Figure 1 Site Location Figure 2 Historical Features APPENDICES Appendix A Historical Site Drawings and Maps Appendix B Site Photos - September 2000 Appendix C Historical Topographic Maps: Years 1938, 1948, and 1964 M . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Background Summary Memorandum - Roundhouse Parking Lot, Northampton, Massachusetts 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Background Summary Memorandum for the property known as the Roundhouse Parking Lot has been prepared in accordance with the Work Plan developed by Metcalf & Eddy (1999) for conducting the Targeted Brownfields Assessments (TBAs) Work Assignment Number 043-SIBZ-O1ZZ, under EPA's Response Action Contract (RAC). The Roundhouse municipal parking lot area is located off of Old South Street in Northampton, Massachusetts. The purpose of this memorandum is to summarize reasonably available information related to the site for use by M&E and its client, the EPA, for developing the scope of work for conducting subsequent assessment activities in support of the objectives of the EPA's TBA program. -
Gasworks Profiles
Gasworks Profiles Gasworks Profile A: The History and Operation of Gasworks (Manufactured Gas Plants) in Britain Gasworks Profile B: Gasholders and their Tanks Gasworks Profile C: Water Gas Plants Gasworks Profile D: Producer Gas Plants ISBN 978-1-905046-26-3 © CL:AIRE 2014 Published by Contaminated Land: Applications in Real Environments (CL:AIRE), 32 Bloomsbury Street, London WC1B 3QJ. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any other means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright holder. The Gasworks Profiles have been prepared by: Dr Russell Thomas, Technical Director Parsons Brinckerhoff Redland, Bristol, UK Tel: 0117-933-9262 Email: [email protected] or [email protected]. The author is grateful to fellow members of the Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers Panel for the history of the industry and the staff of the National Grid Gas Archive for their kind assistance. CL:AIRE would like to thank members of its Technology and Research Group who reviewed and commented on these profiles. All images courtesy of the National Grid Gas Archive, unless stated. Disclaimer: The purpose of this document is to act as a pointer to the activities carried out on former manufactured gas plants (gasworks). The Author and Publisher will not be responsible for any loss, however arising, from the use of, or reliance on, this information. This document (‘this publication’) is provided ‘as is’ without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. You should not assume that this publication is error-free or that it will be suitable for the particular purpose you have in mind when using it. -
Hydrogen Storage - Kunihiro Takahashi
ENERGY CARRIERS AND CONVERSION SYSTEMS – Vol. II - Hydrogen Storage - Kunihiro Takahashi HYDROGEN STORAGE Kunihiro Takahashi Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd., Japan Keywords: hydrogen storage, pressurized hydrogen, pressure container (vessel), atmospheric hydrogen storage tank, spherical hydrogen storage tank, underground storage, liquefaction of hydrogen, liquid hydrogen storage, ortho-para conversion, heat insulation, slush hydrogen, metal hydride, methanol, ammonia, methylcyclohexane, activated carbon, graphite nanofiber, carbon nanotube, glass microsphere, zeolite, renewable energy Contents 1. Introduction 2. Gas Storage in a Gaseous State 2.1 Storage under Atmospheric Pressure 2.1.1 Water-sealed Gas Holder 2.1.2 Dry Type Gas Holder 2.2 Storage under Pressure 2.2.1 Cylinders 2.2.2 Tank 2.3 Underground Storage 3. Storage as Liquid Hydrogen 3.1 Liquefaction of Hydrogen 3.1.1 Raw Hydrogen Refining 3.1.2 Ortho–Para Conversion 3.1.3 Liquefaction Process of Hydrogen 3.1.4 Storage by Slush Hydrogen 3.1.5 Liquid Hydrogen Tank 4. Hydrogen Storage by Chemical Hydrides 4.1 Storage by Metal Hydrides 4.1.1 Hydrogen Storage Vessels 4.2 Hydrogen Storage by Organic Compound 4.2.1 Potassium Formate 4.2.2 Ammonia, Methanol, and Methylcyclohexane System 4.3 GlassUNESCO Microspheres and Others – EOLSS 4.3.1 Carbon Materials 4.3.2 Glass BalloonSAMPLE and Zeolite CHAPTERS Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary This topic introduces hydrogen storage. There are various hydrogen storage methods including storage in the gaseous state, storing as a liquid, and storage as a compound or in combination with another medium. The method of storing hydrogen in the gaseous ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) ENERGY CARRIERS AND CONVERSION SYSTEMS – Vol. -
The Manufactured Gas Industry in Kansas
EPARTM S D E A KDHE N S T N O A F K Kansas Department of Health and Environment Bureau of Environmental Remediation/Remedial Section Developed By: Aspen Junge and John Cook June 30, 2008 The Manufactured Gas Industry in Kansas For 60 years, many Kansans depended pleasant and agreeable, as gas light. It is a on manufactured gas to light and heat their steady, handy and constant light, and not near homes, and to cook their food. Manufactured so wearing to the eyes as candle or oil light. gas, produced in factories called gas works, was Then one need not worry himself about oil cans, considered one of the most civilizing lamps or lamp chimneys. He may go home with improvements a frontier city could make. his mind at rest, sure that when the shades of Imagine your city as it may have been in night are closing in around him, his faithful the 1860s. Horse-drawn buggies and wagons spouse (if he has one, or, in lieu thereof, a travel down unpaved streets, which were a sea mother or sister, or some other man’s sister) of mud after it rained. At night it was very dark, will have the gas lit, his slippers and gown because there were no streetlights. What little ready, and a generous welcome in store for the light there was came from lanterns, fueled by weary toiler (of the Kaw), instead of a lecture kerosene or candles, placed in windows or in on female suffering, caused by his forgetting to front of whatever businesses were open late. -
To View Asset
DISCOVERY VICTORIA’S EARTH RESOURCES JOURNAL NOVEMBER 1999 INSIDE THIS ISSUE • MINERS HELP CLEANUP • OTWAY BASIN INTEREST • NEW DATA RELEASE DISCOVERY VICTORIA’S EARTH RESOURCES JOURNAL NOVEMBER 1999 contents MINERS AID DOCKLANDS CLEANUP 2 Mining industry skills help a major redevelopment VIC WEATHERS SPENDING SLUMP 4 Trend figures show Victoria is doing better than other states OTWAY BASIN ATTRACTS NEW PLAYERS 6 More companies join the search for gas UNDERGROUND STORAGE BOOSTS GAS RESERVES 8 WUGS means more security for Victoria’s gas supplies SANTOS STARTS VICTORIAN GAS PRODUCTION 10 More gas flows for Victorian consumers MINERAL SANDS TENDERS ATTRACT MANY BIDDERS 10 Explorers snap up new mineral sands acreage VICTORIAN MINERS READY FOR ANYTHING 11 cover picture Stawell’s safety team make it two in a row ALL THAT GLITTERS ISN’T GOLD 18 Victoria’s commitment to providing high-quality Victoria’s Mining Week focuses on new minerals airborne geophysical data over the vast majority of the NEW DATA WILL BOOST EXPLORATION 19 state is providing explorers with unequalled advantages Explorers get plenty of encouragement from this new data release in locating exploration targets. The latest package of airborne magnetic and geophysical data plus accom- BOOST FOR BASE METALS TOO! 21 panying maps was released during Victorian Mining GSV reveals a new look at the prospects for base metals Week in November. It covers large areas of eastern Victoria and the highlands near Omeo. Our cover MINERAL REPORTING STANDARDS AND THE JORC CODE 22 image is one of the many new images from the latest There’s a new force in developing Australia leads the world in setting the standards data release and covers the Mansfield-Howitt region. -
Investigation of Waste Biogas Flame Stability Under Oxygen Or Hydrogen-Enriched Conditions
energies Article Investigation of Waste Biogas Flame Stability Under Oxygen or Hydrogen-Enriched Conditions Nerijus Striugas,¯ Rolandas Paulauskas *, Raminta Skvorˇcinskiene˙ and Aurimas Lisauskas Laboratory of Combustion Processes, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos str. 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania; [email protected] (N.S.); [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (A.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +370-37-401830 Received: 18 August 2020; Accepted: 9 September 2020; Published: 11 September 2020 Abstract: Increasing production rates of the biomethane lead to increased generation of waste biogases. These gases should be utilized on-site to avoid pollutant emissions to the atmosphere. This study presents a flexible swirl burner (~100 kW) with an adiabatic chamber capable of burning unstable composition waste biogases. The main combustion parameters and chemiluminescence emission spectrums were examined by burning waste biogases containing from 5 to 30 vol% of CH4 in CO2 under air, O2-enriched atmosphere, or with the addition of hydrogen. The tested burner ensured stable combustion of waste biogases with CH4 content not less than 20 vol%. The addition of up to 5 vol% of H2 expanded flammability limits, and stable combustion of the mixtures with CH4 content of 15 vol% was achieved. The burner flexibility to work under O2-enriched air conditions showed more promising results, and the flammability limit was expanded up to 5 vol% of CH4 in CO2. However, the combustion under O2-enriched conditions led to increased NOx emissions (up to 1100 ppm). Besides, based on chemiluminescence emission spectrums, a linear correlation between the spectral intensity ratio of OH* and CH* (IOH*/ICH*) and CH4 content in CO2 was presented, which predicts blow-off limits burning waste biogases under different H2 or O2 enrichments. -
Prediction of Producer Gas Composition for Small Scale Commercial Downdraft Gasifiers
PREDICTION OF PRODUCER GAS COMPOSITION FOR SMALL SCALE COMMERCIAL DOWNDRAFT GASIFIERS H Roesch*, J Dascomb, B Greska, A Krothapalli *Corresponding Author email: [email protected] *Corresponding Author phone: +18504967682 Energy and Sustainability Center, Florida State University 2525 Pottsdamer St, #229A, Tallahassee, Fl 32310 ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to produce a model predicting the composition and heating value of producer gas made from a small scale (20-250 kWth), down-draft gasifier. Due the non-ideal conditions in this type of gasifier, classical thermodynamic equilibrium models are inaccurate. A more reliable prediction model for gas produced in a system of this size and type is needed. Eight biomass feedstocks were gasified and analyzed for this study. The pelletized feedstocks chosen were; alfalfa, algae, field grass, hemp, miscanthus, peanut shells, pine, and municipal solid waste. The feedstocks were chosen for their wide ranging availability and low costs. The commercial downdraft gasifier used was an Ankur Scientific WBG-20. This air-fed gasifier is capable of producing synthesis gas at a rate of up to 60 Nm3/hr (50 kWth). Each feedstock was first characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, and then the synthesis gas was analyzed by gas chromatography. The large variation of reaction temperatures and equivalence ratios occurring in the economic downdraft gasifier reduced the accuracy of the conventional thermodynamic equilibrium simulation. The synthesis gas produced in these tests was used to create a more applicable model for estimating composition and heating value for this type of system. The model developed from these tests estimates the heating value of the synthesis gas produced from the ultimate and proximate analysis of the feedstock with an average error of 5% over all feedstocks tested. -
LNG CUSTODY TRANSFER HANDBOOK 5Th Edition: 2017 GIIGNL Document Status and Purpose
LNG CUSTODY TRANSFER HANDBOOK 5th Edition: 2017 GIIGNL Document status and purpose This fifth (2017) edition of the GIIGNL LNG transfer and LNG transfer from an onshore This latest version replaces all previous editions Custody Transfer Handbook reflects GIIGNL’s terminal to small scale LNG carriers. More than of the custody transfer handbook. Please always understanding of best current practice at the pointing at the differences and highlighting the consult the GIIGNL website www.giignl.org to time of publication. points of attention when dealing with these new check for the latest version of this handbook, operations, this fifth version provides answers esp. when referring to a pdf download or a The purpose of this handbook is to serve as a and solutions for setting up (slightly) altered or printout of this handbook reference manual to assist readers to new custody transfer procedures. As a reminder, understand the procedures and equipment (Photo front cover : © Fluxys Belgium – P. Henderyckx) it is not specifically intended to work out available to and used by the members of GIIGNL procedures for overland LNG custody transfer to determine the energy quantity of LNG operations involving LNG trucks, containers or transferred between LNG ships and LNG trains, or for small scale LNG transfer such as terminals. It is neither a standard nor a bunkering or refueling of ships and trucks. For specification. these, kind reference is made to the GIIGNL This handbook is not intended to provide the Retail LNG / LNG as a fuel handbook. reader with a detailed LNG ship-shore custody No proprietary procedure, nor particular transfer procedure as such, but sets out the manufacture of equipment, is recommended or practical issues and requirements to guide and implied suitable for any specific purpose in this facilitate a skilled operator team to work out a handbook. -
Cleaning Ucg Synthesis
Underground Coal Gasification (UCG), its Potential Prospects and its Challenges Dr. Duncan Seddon, FRACI, CChem, MSPE, Duncan Seddon & Associates Pty Ltd Email: [email protected] Dr. Mike Clarke, FIEAust, CPEng, FAusIMM, RPEQ, M.E.T.T.S. Pty Ltd Email: [email protected] Abstract: Coal is widely available in most parts of the world. Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) gives the promise of turning many poor quality coal resources into exploitable reserves by delivering energy in the form of synthesis gas, potentially at very low cost. The synthesis gas can be used for generation of electricity and the production of fuels and chemicals by commercially proven technology. Furthermore, any carbon present in the synthesis gas not used for downstream products could be easily separated and geo-sequestrated. This could extend the Fossil Fuel Age by providing low cost energy for developing and developed countries alike. Unfortunately, as Australian experience has shown, UCG also comes with technical and environmental challenges that are still not fully resolved. The paper outlines key developments in UCG and issues raised by Australian experience, particularly in regard to the contamination of acquifers. The paper discusses the quality of UCG synthesis gas and its potential use in downstream applications. The clean-up steps required for various downstream applications are described. A key hurdle to up-take of UCG is the overall cost of clean-up which has to be added to the cost of UCG production. This cost is discussed and the potential of UCG as a major new feedstock described. 1.0 Introduction Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) as a source of synthesis gas (syn-gas) for power generation, liquid fuels production and/or chemicals and fertiliser manufacture has been made to look beguilingly simple and straightforward by many of it proponents. -
Prima PRO Process Mass Spectrometer No
APPLICATION NOTE Prima PRO process mass spectrometer No. ?????? Accurate multi-component blast furnace gas analysis maximizes iron production and minimizes coke consumption Author: Graham Lewis, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Winsford, Cheshire, United Kingdom Key words • Top gas analysis • Below burden probe • Gas efficiency • Coke rate • Mass balance • Calorific value • Heat balance • Magnetic sector • Above burden probe Introduction Over a billion tonnes of iron a year are produced in These reduction zones are shown in Figure 1. blast furnaces, representing around 94% of global iron production1. The blast furnace consists of a large steel stack, lined with refractory brick. Iron ore, coke and limestone are dropped into the top of the furnace and preheated air blown into the bottom through nozzles called ‘Tuyeres’. Iron oxides are reduced in the melting zone, or ‘Bosh’, forming liquid iron (called ‘hot metal’) and liquid slag. These liquid products are drained from the furnace at regular intervals, and the blast furnace will run continuously for several years, until the refractory lining needs replacing. A wide variety of chemical reactions take place in the blast furnace. At the elevated temperatures towards the bottom Figure 1 of the furnace, a series of direct reduction reactions take Reduction place; these can be simplified to: profile in the blast furnace FeO + C = Fe + CO At lower temperatures higher up in the furnace, a series of indirect reduction reactions take place, simplified to: FeO + CO = Fe + CO2 Analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide Process control requirements (CO2) give vital information on the efficiency of the reduction The advantages of process MS over conventional analysis processes. -
Challenges and Opportunities of Biomethane for Pipeline Injection In
CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES OF BIOMETHANE FOR PIPELINE INJECTION IN CALIFORNIA Valentino Tiangco, Ph.D. ER&D Department 15th Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo Hilton Baltimore Hotel Baltimore, MD January 17-19, 2012 Powering forward. Together. Overview: • SMUD • Benefits • Challenges • Overcoming Challenges • SMUD’s Renewable Energy Mix • Strategic Approach www.smud.org • Opportunities • Summary SMUD – Owned By Customers • Not for Profit, Publicly Owned Utility • Sacramento County (small part of Placer County) • Almost 600,000 Customers; 1.4 Million Population • 6th Largest in U.S. • 7 Member Board of Directors • Elected by Ratepayers • Not a Part of City or County • Manage Balancing Authority in Northern California (BANC) • Low Rates, Innovative & Green! 3 Benefits of Biomethane • Unlike wind and solar, generation from biomethane is not intermittent and can be dispatched to fill-in the gaps and promote system reliability. • Reduces GHG emissions by displacing natural gas and reducing release of methane to the atmosphere. • Increases productive development and use of renewable resources from organic wastes. • Biomethane from renewable sources like dairy digesters and landfills can be a reliable source of renewable fuel that can power the cleanest and most efficient electricity generation facilities in the California. • Biomethane flexibility of use because of transportation and storage capabilities, • The opportunity to use a low cost renewable fuel (biomethane) when firing combined cycle generators thus producing renewable electrons at highest efficiencies, and • Biogas has very low carbon footprint, rated as the lowest carbon producing fuel through the CEC’s proceedings for the Low Carbon Fuel Standard. • Creates local jobs by keeping local power plants operating and keeping electricity costs lower, which helps local businesses to prosper and add jobs. -
Potential Impacts on the Energy System at the Integrated Steelwork by Changing Injection Coal Types to the Blast
A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS The Italian Association VOL. 35, 2013 of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Varbanov, Jiří Klemeš, Panos Seferlis, Athanasios I. Papadopoulos, Spyros Voutetakis Copyright © 2013, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-26-6; ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1335162 Potential Impacts on the Energy System at the Integrated Steelwork by Changing Injection Coal Types to the Blast Furnace Joel Orre*,a, Chuan Wanga, Johannes Larssonb, Erik Olssonb a 97512, Luleå, Sweden Swerea Mefos, Box 812, SE- b SSAB EMEA Oxelösund, SSAB SE-613 80, Oxelösund, Sweden [email protected] Pulverized coal is often injected into the blast furnaces (BFs) at the integrated steelworks as reducing agent for the hot metal production. The BF process will behave different depending on the injection coal used. The objective of this study is to investigate how different types of coal will influence the BF, and the total energy system at an integrated steel plant. The major process units covered in the model are coking plant, BF, reheating furnace at the rolling mill and a power plant. They are all linked to each other via the main products as well as process gases (i.e. blast furnace gas (BFG) and coke oven gas (COG)) and oxygen network. At the studied plant, the mixed gas of BFG and COG is used within the coking batteries at the coking plant and hot stoves at the BF. The fuel used at the reheating furnace is COG and oil with high heating values. In total, 13 different types of coal and one biomass charcoal are included in the study.