Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie

DEAD BEAUTY BY STAHL STENSLIE DEAD BEAUTY BY STAHL STENSLIE DEAD BEAUTY BY STAHL STENSLIE

DEAD BEAUTY BY STAHL STENSLIE

Editor: Stahl Stenslie Research: Stahl Stenslie, Zane Cerpina Design: Zane Cerpina, Stahl Stenslie

ISBN 978-82-999888-3-4 (Print) ISBN 978-82-999888-4-1 (PDF) ISBN 978-82-999888-5-8 (Kindle)

WWW.GHOSTPUBLISHING.ORG CONTENTS

00 Introduction 9 01 Underage 17 02 Femme Fatale 33 03 Christians 49 04 Asian 59 05 European 73 06 Muslim 81 07 Mothers of the Nation 115

/ References 123 / Illustrations 125 INTRODUCTION

This book represents an ongoing artistic research about the 00 representation of martyrs and martyrdom. It merely presents a little selection of all the images, ideas, ideals and representations that are available today. The book only covers a small selection of the many images of martyrs found circulating in contemporary culture, primarily on the Internet and in social media. As all art books, this one is also obviously biased in its selections. It attempts, however, to bring about a ‘best of’ selection – in as far as ‘best of’ can be used about such a lethal, killing and serious matter. The background for my making of this book is found in my various art projects on the topic. The first being the Suicide Fashion Show, performed at Gallery Kapelica, Ljubljana, Slovenia in 2001 (see www.stenslie.net), the last being the Barbar Stahl cooperation on the Mothers of the Nation paintings.

Stahl Stenslie, Oslo, September 11th 2015

Introduction 9 Towards Dead Beauty different. He was a terrorist to many a lost soul - and a hero and inspiration to more. ( P.136 in Gilles Kepel (2009) Beyond Terror I am prepared to die – Nelson Mandela [1] and Martyrdom: The Future of the Middle East. Harvard University Press.) The German theatre director Schlingensief staged a forceful From times immemorial, from Valhalla to Kobanî, through idealism theatre performance and exhibition inspired by the gargantuan and war, we humans idolize, even strive for the ultimate sacrifice consequences of that attack. He appears to have investigated a in the name of a cause. Our culture honors, remembers, fetishizes combination of Beuys statement that everybody is an artist and those who die for their belief or kill themselves for the greater Stockhausen’s comment that 911 was a work of art. (Tara Forrest, common good. Anna Teresa Scheer (2010) Christoph Schlingensief: Art Without We have evolved not just towards a potentially socially Borders. Intellect Books. P. 174.). beneficial self-sacrifice, but also into an idealized aesthetics of The case of Atta Atta illustrates some of the true power of volunteered death. To be a martyr is to be beautiful. The martyr is Martyrdom. No weapon is more powerful than the human willingness the ultimate dead beauty of our times. The fleeing, drowned Syrian to sacrifice oneself. Hence the martyr has also been called the F-16 refugee perhaps the least recognized one. of the poor. Their use of suicide bombers was the main reason why The book title Dead Beauty reflects the aesthetic the 1500 ISIL soldiers could defeat 30.000 Iraqi soldiers in Mosul in investigation of death as a signifier of beauty. That raises a few 2014. ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul) And it makes questions such as to why we find it beautiful? And how? Through sense. Rather than loosing half your men in a frontal attack, it is which media? Whom? better to sacrifice one soldier in one gigantic, terrifying suicide The reasons for investigating the dead and deadly beautiful are mission blast. many. In our culture of change, perhaps we should ask why death This represents the contemporary Martyrs Shift. Through the should be ugly at all? What if, in our age of war, insecurity and mass new wave of martyrs, as exemplified in ISIS use of suicide bombers, migration, this glorification of death is becoming one of our best our cultural perception of the martyr is moving from being a victim means for survival through the hope that it ignites? of death –such as in Christianity- to becoming a suicidal killer Where this text ends, the images continue the story. Why instigating a violent and deadly sacrifice. this graphic book on the aesthetics of martyrdom? It is the most Short and bristle as this introductory text is, the rest of aching, overarching aesthetical issue permeating our society of the book is representative of my ongoing visual research of the fear of today. From an academic and intellectual point of view aesthetic topos of the martyr. The upcoming edition will present it is perhaps impossible to understand the predominantly religious the aesthetic theory and history of the martyr at greater length. connotation of the martyring sacrifice. This publication is therefore This book might be seen as gruesome, but it is still an overview an attempt to better grasp the meaning and significance of the of some of the best looking martyrs. As such it is deadly beautiful. martyr through the optics of art and aesthetics. It is therefore largely Therefore, to quote an Internet page devoted to the glory of the devoted to visual representations of martyrs and the martyrdom. martyr: ‘enjoy’. (http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=302_1431112419 ) The best example of how the martyr has impacted our everyday life is the contemporary society of fear. 911 and the continued war on terror marked here the start of a cultural revolution and an unprecedented cultural shift, forcing us to shift focus from our western soil to the mid-eastern toil. Before, the Middle East was at best a dusty backyard inhabited by a slightly embarrassing sheik wasting his dollars bills randomly around while drunk on oil. The presumed mastermind behind the 911 attack, Atta Atta was

10 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Introduction 11 Image nr 1 IS MARTYRS Martyr poster, Iran

1. image

Image nr 2 Martyr poster from The Martyr Museum in Tehran, Iran

12 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Introduction 13 Image nr 3 IS MARTYRS Martyrdom of St Denis by Leon Bon- nat (1885)

1. image

Image nr 4 Martyr poster, Iran

14 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Introduction 15 01 UNDERAGE

Underage 17 Image nr 5 Abu Ubaidah

Image nr 6 Abu Ubaidah

Supporters of the deadly Sunni hardliner organisation ABU UBAIDAH said on social networking sites that Abu Ubaida is a child from the United Arab Emirates, who was fighting with ISIS The Islamic State militant group in in Syria, the Iraqi News notes. [3] 1. image Iraq and Syria have announced the One of the photos posted on twitter shows the father killing of its youngest fighter, a child standing next to Ubaidah with his arm around his soldier named al-Abu Ubaidah al- shoulders as the two pose for the camera. [1] Absi. [1]

18 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Underage 19 Image nr 7 Mohamad-Katta

MOHAMAD-KATTA

The teenager’s name was Muhammad al-Qatta, and he was 14 years old when witnesses said radical Islamists in 1. image the northern Syrian city of Aleppo pulled him from his coffee kiosk on Sunday and later executed him in a public square. [4] “I saw my son, and saw him dead, and saw a fountain of blood coming out of him.” [5] Image nr 8

20 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Underage 21 Image nr 9 Hamza al-Khatib

Image nr 10

HAMZA AL-KHATIB Hamza was tortured and his swollen body showed bullet wounds on The boy, from a village called al-Jizah near the southern his arms, black eyes, cuts, marks city of Deraa, has become the most famous victim yet of consistent with electric shock 1. image Syria’s bloody chapter of the Arab spring. devices, bruises and whip marks. Hamza was picked up by security forces on 29 April. On His neck had been broken and his 27 May his badly mutilated corpse was released to his penis cut off. [6] horrified family, who were warned to keep silent.

22 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Underage 23 Image nr 11 Unknown, Gaza

Image nr 12 Unknown, Gaza

24 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Underage 25 Image nr 13 Unknown, Gaza

Image nr 14 Unknown, Gaza

26 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Underage 27 28 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Underage 29 30 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Underage 31 02 FEMME FATALE

Femme Fatale 33 Image nr 15 Kurdish female fighter

Image nr 16

According to reports, takfiri killer who shared his photo ANGEL OF KOBANE with head of a YPG’s fighter has been sent to hell by YPG. [8] The slayer of 100 ISIS soldiers - also known as the ‘Angel of Kobane’. KOBANE: ISIS beheads three Kurdish 1. image [9] female fighters as one blows herself up taking several ISIS fighters with A Syrian Kurd woman, member of The People’s Protection her. [7] Units (Yekîneyên Parastina Gel – YPG) who was fighting for his family has been beheaded by takfiri terrorist of ISIS in Kobani.

34 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Femme Fatale 35 Image nr 17 Zeinab Ali Isa Abu-Salem

Image nr 18

ZEINAB ALI ISA ABU-SALEM “Suicide Bomber Zainab Abu The 18-year-old female suicide terrorist, Zeinab Ali Isa Salem; Her head separated from Abu-Salem, who murdered two Israelis Wednesday her pure body, and her Ra’ala 1. image and wounded some 30 others, was none other than a children’s TV show hostess on a local Arab station in [Muslim headscarf] remains to Shechem. decorate [her face]. Her place is in Paradise, where in the highest Ofra resident Debbie Segal, who noticed the terrorist approaching the bus stop moments before she heavens, Zainab ... sister [who has blew herself up, described her as “extraordinarily been raised to the level] of men.” beautiful.”[10] [11]

36 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Femme Fatale 37 Image nr 19 Neda Agha-Soltan

Image nr 20

NEDA AGHA-SOLTAN Her pupils roll to the side, blood streams out of her nose and mouth. Iranians rose up after presidential elections in 2009, when then-President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad defeated “Neda, don’t be afraid! Neda, stay opposition candidates Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi amid claims of vote manipulation and election with me. Neda, stay with me!” cries rigging. The resulting protests became known as the one man. Another man beseeches Green Revolution or the Persian Awakening. Nedā Āghā- someone to take her in a car. Then Soltān, 26, was shot in the heart by a Basij militia member while en route to join the protests. She immediately the footage stops. [13] became a symbol of the uprising. [12]

38 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Femme Fatale 39 Image nr 21 Ulrike Meinhof

Image nr 22

According to Wienke Zittlaf, during her last visit in prison, ULRIKE MEINHOF Meinhof had told her: Ulrike Marie Meinhof (7 October 1934 – 9 May 1976) “You can stand up and fight only was a German left-wing militant. She co-founded the 1. image Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion) in 1970 after while you are alive. If they say I having previously worked as a journalist for the monthly committed suicide, be sure that it left-wing magazine Konkret. She was arrested in 1972, was a murder.” [15] and eventually charged with numerous murders and the formation of a criminal association. Before the trial concluded, Meinhof died in her cell in 1976. [14]

40 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Femme Fatale 41 Image nr 23 Saint Agatha by Lorenzo Lippi (1638)

AGATHA OF SICILY

One of the most highly venerated virgin martyrs of Christian antiquity, Agatha was put to death during the 1. image persecution of Decius (250–253) in Catania, Sicily, for her steadfast profession of faith. [16] Amongst the tortures she underwent was the cutting off of her breasts Image nr 24 with pincers. [17] The Martyrdom of Saint Agatha by Sebastiano del Piombo (1519)

42 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Femme Fatale 43 Image nr 25 Unknown, Gaza

IS MARTYRS IS MARTYRS

44 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie 45 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Image nr 26 Unknown, Gaza

IS MARTYRS

Image nr 27 Unknown, Gaza

46 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Femme Fatale 47 CHRISTIANS 03 SAINT STEPHEN / SAINT LAWRENCE / SAINT SEBASTIAN / BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE

Christians 49 Image nr 28 Saint Stephen by Luis de Morales (1575)

SAINT STEPHEN

Stephen, traditionally venerated as the Protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity... [18] Accused of blasphemy, 1. image at his trial he made a long speech fiercely denouncing the Jewish authorities who were sitting in judgment on him and was then stoned to death. [18]

“Look! I see heaven open and the

Son of Man standing on the right Image nr 29 The Stoning of Saint hand of God!” [19] Stephen by Rem- branth (1625)

50 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Christians 51 Image nr 30 Icon of Saint Lawrence

Image nr 31 Painting of the martyrdom

SAINT LAWRENCE After the martyr had suffered the Saint Lawrence was one of seven deacons who were in pain for a long time, the legend charge of giving help to the poor and the needy. When concludes, he made his famous 1. image a persecution broke out, Pope St. Sixtus was condemned cheerful remark, “I’m well done. to death. [20] A well-known legend has persisted from earliest times. As deacon in Rome, St Lawrence was Turn me over!” [21] charged with the responsibility for the material goods of the Church and the distribution of alms to the poor. [21] The prefect was so angry that he had a great gridiron prepared, with coals beneath it, and had Lawrence’s body placed on it (hence St Lawrence’s association with the gridiron). [22]

52 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Christians 53 Image nr 32 Saint Sebastian by Gustave Moreau (1870 - 1875)

SAINT SEBASTIAN

St. Sebastian was a Roman martyr.

1. image The Acts, probably written at the beginning of the fifth century, relate that he was an officer in the imperial bodyguard and had secretly done many acts of love and charity for his brethren in the Faith. When he was finally discovered to be a Christian, in 286, he was handed over to the Mauretanian archers, who pierced him with arrows; he was healed, however, by the widowed St. Image nr 33 Irene. He was finally killed by the blows of a club. [23] Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian by Sodo- ma (c. 1525)

54 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Christians 55 Image nr 34 Saint Bartholomew by Anthony Van Dyck

Image nr 35 Statue of St. Bart- holomew, with his own skin by Marco d’Agrate (1562)

BARTHOLOMEW THE APOSTLE The account of Bartholomew being skinned alive is the most represented Christian tradition has three stories about Bartholomew’s in works of art, and consequently death: “One speaks of his being kidnapped, beaten Bartholomew is often shown with a 1. image unconscious, and cast into the sea to drown. Another account states that he was crucified upside down, and large knife, holding his own skin (as another says that he was skinned alive and beheaded in in Michelangelo’s Last Judgment). Albac or Albanopolis”, near Başkale, Turkey. [24] [24]

56 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Christians 57 ASIAN 04 THICH QUANG DUC / QIU JIN / YUKIO SEKI / KIYOSHI OGAWA / JOSÉ RIZAL / 26 MARTYRS OF JAPAN

Asian 59 Image nr 36 Painting of Thich Quang Duc

Image nr 37

THICH QUANG DUC During the burning process, he did not move a muscle, nor did he utter Thich Quang Duc died on June 11, 1963 and was a a sound, but remained surprising- Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who burned ly calm throughout. His composed 1. image himself to death at a busy Saigon road intersection on June 11, 1963. He was protesting the persecution behaviour was in stark contrast to of Buddhists by South Vietnam’s Ngo Dinh Diem the people around him who were administration. [25] wailing. [26]

60 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Asian 61 QIU JIN

Qiu Jin (1875–1907) was a Chinese writer & poet, a strong-willed feminist who is considered a national hero in China. Also called “Jianhu Nüxia” (Woman Knight of Mirror Lake”), she was executed after participating in a failed uprising against the Qing Dynasty. She was warned that officials would be coming for her at the Datong school, but she stayed anyway, writing to her sword sister Xu Yunhua that she was determined to die for the cause. [27]

Image nr 38 Qiu Jin

Asian 63 Image nr 39 Yukio Seki

Image nr 40 Moment of martyrdom

YUKIO SEKI He led a unit of five bomb-armed Mitsubishi Zero fighters, crash-diving “The plan is to crash-dive our Zero fighters loaded with their planes deliberately into St. Lo, 250-kilogram bombs, into the decks of enemy carriers, in being the first kamikazes to sink an 1. image order to insure the success of the Sho operation. You are being considered to lead such an attack unit. How do enemy ship. [28] you feel about it?” However, Seki was later quoted in saying “Japan’s future is bleak if it is forced to kill one of its best pilots. I am not “You absolutely must let me do going on this mission for the Emperor or for the Empire... I it”, he answered after a couple of am going because I was ordered to!” [29] seconds, and it touched Tamai.

64 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Asian 65 Image nr 41 Kiyoshi Ogawa

Image nr 42 Moment of martyrdom

KIYOSHI OGAWA “I will make a sortie, flying over those calm clouds in a peaceful As a kamikaze pilot, Ensign Ogawa’s final action took emotion. I can think about neither place on May 11, 1945, during the Battle of Okinawa. life nor death. A man should die 1. image Piloting a bomb-laden Mitsubishi Zero fighter during Operation Kikusui No. 6, Ogawa at the age of 22 flew once, and no day is more honorable through American anti-aircraft fire and attacked the than today to dedicate myself for U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill. He dropped a the eternal cause. (...) I will go to 250-kilogram (550 lb) bomb, never pulled out of the dive, and crashed deliberately into the flight deck near the the front smiling. On the day of the control tower of the American aircraft carrier (...) Nearly sortie too, and forever.” [31] 400 American sailors died with Ogawa and the ship was disabled for the remainder of the war. [30]

66 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Asian 67 Image nr 43 José Rizal

Image nr 44 Moment of martyrdom

Philippine independence. He is widely considered one JOSÉ RIZAL of the greatest heroes of the Philippines, and is implied by Philippine law to be a national hero. [32] José Rizal (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist during the tail end of the Spanish “Tomorrow at 7, I shall be shot; 1. image colonial period of the Philippines. An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of but I am innocent of the crime of the Filipino Propaganda Movement which advocated rebellion. I am going to die with a political reforms for the colony under Spain. He was tranquil conscience.” [33] executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after an anti-colonial revolution, inspired in part by his writings, broke out. Though he was not actively involved in its planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which eventually led to

68 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Asian 69 Image nr 45 The Christian martyrs of Nagasaki, Japanese painting (16-17th-century)

TWENTY-SIX MARTYRS OF JAPAN

The Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan refers to a group of Christians who were executed by crucifixion on February 5, 1597 at Nagasaki.

The first Martyrs of Japan were canonized in 1862. They are commemorated on February 5 when, on that date in 1597, twenty-six missionaries and converts were killed by crucifixion. [34]

Image nr 46 The Christian martyr Saint Francisco Branco

70 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Asian 71 EUROPEAN 05 RYSZARD SIWIEC / SÁNDOR BAUER / JOAN OF ARC

European 73 Image nr 47 Ryszard Siwiec

Image nr 48 Martyrdom of Ryszard Siwiec

RYSZARD SIWIEC Dear Marysia! Don’t cry! Don’t waste your energy, you’ll need it, I’m convinced that I’ve lived for 60 years for On 8 September 1968, a fifty-nine-year-old office worker, this moment. Forgive me, I couldn’t do it any other way, Ryszard Siwiec, poured a solvent over himself in the 10th- for the truth not to be forgotten, for the humanity and 1. image Anniversary Stadium in Warsaw and set himself on fire in freedom – I’m dying. But it’s the lesser of two evils – like protest against the involvement of Polish military in the the death of millions, don’t come to Warsaw, nothing occupation of Czechoslovakia. can help me anymore, we’re approaching Warsaw, I’m writing on the train and that’s why it’s a little crooked. People, who still have a spark of humanity! Pull yourselves together! Hear my cry! A simple old man’s cry, a cry of I feel so good, I feel so calm, so a son of a nation that beloved its own freedom as well as freedom of others above all, above its own life! Pull peaceful – like never before in my yourselves together. It’s not too late yet! [36] life! [37]

74 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie European 75 Image nr 49 Sándor Bauer

Image nr 50 Martyrdom of Sándor Bauer

“To my parents: My dear mother and father. If I have SÁNDOR BAUER ever been an ungrateful son, I ask for your forgiveness.” On 20 January 1969, Sándor Bauer, a sixteen year-old “I wish to live on, but the nation student, poured petrol over himself and lit himself on fire 1. image on the steps of the National Museum in Budapest. He and the proletariat need my body, did it in support of Jan Palach’s act and in protest to the burnt to coal.” occupation of Czechoslovakia and the presence of the Soviet army in Hungary. [38] “Dear grandma, my beloved uncles and cousins, I send you all millions of kisses.“ [38] He wanted to protest against the soviet occupation, and -like the czech student, Jan Palach -he burned himself alive on the stairs of the National Museum in Budapest. [39]

76 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie European 77 Image nr 51 Painting of Joan of Arc (c. 1485)

JOAN OF ARC

Joan of Arc (Jeanne d’Arc), the peasant girl who became the 1. image savior of France. [40]

On May 30, Joan, 19 years old, was burned at the stake at the Place du Vieux-Marche in Rouen. Before the pyre was lit, she instructed a priest to hold high a crucifix for Image nr 52 her to see and to shout out prayers loud enough to be Joan of Arc’s heard above the roar of the flames. [41] Death at the Stake by Hermann Anton Stilke (1843)

78 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie European 79 06 MUSLIM

Muslim 81 Image nr 53 Mahdi Mohammad Yaghi

Image nr 54

I wish I could be like him. But INSHA ALLAH I will teach my MAHDI MOHAMMAD YAGHI children to follow him and make me proud. INSHA ALLAH Mahdi Mohammad Yaghi was martyred on the 31st of July, 2013 while performing the sacred duty of Jihad. Ya Allah! He is so lucky, Him and 1. image Martyr Mahdi YaghiThe had a charming look which EVERY saheed in the Syrian Arab captivated everyone who saw him, but this was not Army And Hezbollah a unique feature in him, for this has been the case of heroes who have fallen on the sacred path of resistance I wish I can be his dust [42] for decades. “you are the most beautiful dream”

82 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 83 Image nr 55 Abu ‘Umar Al Maqdisi

Image nr 56

ABU ‘UMAR AL MAQDISI Allah has blessed him with what he was searching for. Our great Mujaahid Commander of Lebanon, Abu ‘Umar A man who lived in obedience to Allah, Al Maqdisi (aka Shehada Jawhar), has been martyred Searching for the opportunity to meet Allah as 1. image by the Apostate forces in Ain Al Hilweh. a Shaheed. (...) Abu Umar said,Victory is not required from us. What is And circled the enemies of Allah. required is to be ready for a jihad in the name of Allah, Allah accepted his effort, ready to reinstate Islam’s rule and Muslim caliphate. It And has joined him with the martyrs, is normal, if the army shoots at us, we will shoot back at them, its normal. When Abu ‘Umar was asked if he was a His wildest dreams have just come true. (...) [44] “terrorist” he replied, Yes, a terrorist. What’s the problem with that? If I want to terrorize the enemies of Allah,

84 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 85 Image nr 56 Hakimullah Mehsud

HAKIMULLAH MEHSUD

Hakimullah Mehsud, Emir of Pakistan Tehrik -e-Taliban (TTP). 1. image “Emir Hakimullah was an agent of Allah and he paid with his blood for it.

Pakistan rulers are agents of America and they spill Muslim blood and get paid dollars for it. Emir Hakimullah was a slave of Allah.” [45] Image nr 57

86 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 87 Image nr 58 Abu Hafs al-Paki- stani

Image nr 59

Abu Hafs al-Pakistani wa Abu Khattab al-Pakistani. not ABU HAFS AL PAKISTANI only did they call to islam’ they sacrificed for islam. Lions. [47] He was reportedly killed in June after being shot in the eye while defending a village in northern Syria from the When the mujahideen buried him 1. image army of President Bashar al-Assad. they said he had both his index He was only 23 ... but on the fingers raised. battlefield he was like a lion We ask Allah to accept the actions of Abu Hafs by his leading armies, and probably one mercy and give his family patience. [48] of the best and most feared trained fighters. [46]

88 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 89 Image nr 60 Unknown

UNKNOWN SUICIDE BOMBER

From the 2010 Islamic raid on the Our Lady of Salvation Church in Iraq. Armed jihadis stormed the church during 1. image worship service, opened fire indiscriminately at the Christian worshipers, before detonating their suicide vests, which were “filled with ball bearings to kill as many people as possible.” Mutilated carcass of one of the jihadis, after detonating his suicide vest. Image nr 61 A martyrdom-seeking jihadi. [49] Unknown

90 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 91 Image nr 62 Essam Omar Saeed

ESSAM OMAR SAEED

He spent his life in the cause of God It is a jihad victory or martyrdom [50] 1. image

Where met God a martyr - with the permission of Allah Almighty on Friday, 18 August 1436 H corresponding to 05/06/2015 AD following the collapse of the tunnel for the resistance, to leave our world and what is not, or rather not weakness or failure, but dedicated himself to God mujahid even God received it, we record of martyrs God Hassiba not Nczykah to God [51] Image nr 63

92 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 93 Image nr 64 Mohammed Assi

Image nr 65

a martyr is coming to foul play in the same cave where MOHAMMED ASSI the commander was martyred (Al-Quds Brigades) for the District of Ramallah. Martyr leader Mohammed Assi From between the folds of his cave taken refuge to The name that does not forget the continue jihad against the Zionist enemy trip, dismount Zionists commander in the Al-Quds Brigades Mohammed Assi On this day, the cast of God Almighty martyr coming Dawn on Tuesday 10/22/2013 the Zionist occupation is the housekeeper, after he refused to turn himself in forces surrounded the martyr commander Mohammad and resisted the dozens of Zionist soldiers heavily armed Rabah Assi in one of the caves near the town of (Kafr and hatred, over several hours continuously until the last grace) and asked him to turn himself in, but the martyr bullet and the last breath. [52] refused to surrender and fought an armed clash for more than four hours until the last bullet in his gun , to move up

94 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 95 Image nr 66 Rafat Ahmed Qudaih

Image nr 67

RAFAT AHMED QUDAIH 12 God’s mercy be upon We ask God Almighty to make their blood for free and Allah accept it in Illiyun light a fire on the aggressors ungodly, and a covenant with martyrs 1. image not to miss this generous blood in vain and that we stay loyal to the path of the martyrs until we liberate our land from the impurity of the Zionists usurpers. God bless the martyr in difficult rest in peace and I am God and to Him My dear brother, God bless you God bless the martyr of we return [53] God and bring him into His Paradise Highest in paradise my brother to possible question is this martyr who Asthishd location strength near the back.

96 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 97 Image nr 68 Abu Ahmed

Image nr 69

ABU AHMED

Sham al-Islam Movement Emir Sheikh Abu Ahmed killed during al-Anfal Battle yesterday. Emir Hakimullah was an Syria is Protected by God. 1. image agent of Allah and he paid with his blood for it. Pakistan With our Blood we rulers are agents of America and they spill Muslim blood Sacrifice for Syria. and get paid dollars for it. Emir Hakimullah was a slave of Allah. Pakistan rulers are slaves of America. [54]

98 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 99 Image nr 70 Abu Khattab al-Kurdi

ABU KHATTAB AL-KURDI

Abu Khattab al-Kurdi, a Kurdish IS-fighter from Halabja, who was allegedly killed in Kobani. 1. image The majority of fighters of the Islamic State (IS) in Ayn al-Arab (Kobani) were Kurds. He wrote this after clashes between PKK-supporters and Hizbullah supporters in Cizre In Kobani, some Kurds were fighting Kurds [55] Image nr 71

100 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 101 Image nr 72 Unknown

Image nr 73 Unknown A martyrwill see his Imagine your last place in Paradise at breathe leaves you the point of Death feeling like this. [57] 1. image [56]

102 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 103 IS MARTYRS

1. image

104 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 105 IS MARTYRS

1. image

106 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 107 IS MARTYRS

1. image

108 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 109 IS MARTYRS

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110 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Muslim 111 IS MARTYRS IS MARTYRS

112 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie 113 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie 08 MOTHERS OF THE NATION ERNA SOLBERG / SIV JENSEN / INE ERIKSEN SØREIDE

Mothers of The Nation A collaborative project by Barbar Stahl

The paintings are post-mortem portraits of the Norwegian Prime heroes. They are the heroes of the nation. The many contemporary Minister Erna Solberg along with its closest allies Minister of Finance death portraits of martyrs can be read as respectful portrayals of Siv Jensen and Minister of Defence Ine Eriksen Søreide (as of 2015). noble and righteous actions. The paintings can therefore be seen The images are martyr portraits, painted in classic European as renditions of honourable acts. Martyr motives of the Dead can technique and style. Design and positioning is inspired by images be perceived by many as terrifying, but for others as inspiring and of martyrs as found in some contemporary Muslim contexts. The motivating? images can be perceived and interpreted on several levels. There Erna, Siv and Ine are strong personaes who believe in is no one correct reading of the paintings. Norway and are willing to give everything for the Nations. The If we read Siv, Erna and Ine as vulnerable individuals, then ultimate sacrifice is a part of their roles and the social mandate the images can be perceived as cruel. If we however consider they have taken upon themselves. They are our living heroes. them as what they actually are: the most powerful women in They are the ones who daily influence, shape and foster us. Even Norway, so they appear to be our nation’s strongest symbols. These in death. Or? The fact that possible interpretations of the images three women are to our Nation what the mountains, the fjords and quickly shift from Pro- to contra makes the paintings ambiguous. romance was to the Norwegian national painters Tidemand and They inflict afterthoughts about difficult subjects, culturally as well Gude. Therefore the pictures are contemporary portraits of the as religiously and politically. nation. They are like ‘Brudeferden i Hardanger’: stately, magnificent The pictures are classic Memento Mori (remember death) -and fictitious- images of Norway. motifs. They can be understood both as a warning and as a call If we exchange our cultural optics and observe them to arms. Images of martyrs are made to incite us. Erna, Siv and Ine the through the Muslim eye, then they an also be interpreted as are archetypal in their portraits. They are our Mothers of the Nation. Dead or alive.

Mothers of the Nation 115 Image nr 74 Norway’s Prime Minister: Erna Solberg

IS MARTYRS

1. image

Image nr 75 Mother of the Nation: Erna Solberg

116 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Mothers of the Nation 117 Image nr 76 Norway’s Minister of Finance: Siv Jensen

IS MARTYRS

Image nr 77 Mother of the Nation: Siv Jensen

118 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Mothers of the Nation 119 Image nr 78 Norway’s Minister of Defence: Ine Eriksen Søreide

IS MARTYRS

Image nr 79 Mother of the Nation: Ine Eriksen Søreide

120 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Mothers of the Nation 121 REFERENCES

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122 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie References 123 ILLUSTRATIONS hakimullah-mehsud-dead-in-drone-strike-us-sabotages-efforts-for- 1. Martyr poster from The Martyr Museum in Tehran, Iran, personal peace/ collection 46. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syr- 2. Martyr poster from The Martyr Museum in Tehran, Iran, personal ia/11164905/Syrian-crisis-British-death-toll.html collection 47. https://twitter.com/abumunahid/status/456146710079602688 3. https://studiosparis.wordpress.com/tag/story-of-saint-denis/ 48. ttp://justpaste.it/Abuhafspakistani 4. Martyr poster from The Martyr Museum in Tehran, Iran, personal 49. http://www.raymondibrahim.com/in-the-media/graphic-imag- collection es-of-christian-persecution-under-islam/ 5. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/youngest-isis-martyr- 50. http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D gun-toting-boy-4407653 8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ 6. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/youngest-isis-martyr- 1894/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1- gun-toting-boy-4407653 %D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA 7. http://thesyriantimes.com/2013/06/10/syrian-teenagers-pub- %D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A lic-death-reveals-growing-anger-as-civil-war-continues/ 51. http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8% 8. http://www.barenakedislam.com/2013/06/10/syrian-jihadist-re- B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9% bels-did-this-to-a-15-year-old-boy-yet-senator-john-mccain-wants-to- 85/7468/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF send-our-military-to-help-them/ -%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D9%86 9. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/Hamza_Al- %D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%81%D9%82-%D9%84 Khateeb.jpg %D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9 10. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CBNPVNKWwAAH0-r.jpg 52. http://saraya.ps/post/37671/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1- 11. https://occupiedpalestine.wordpress.com/2011/04/19/gaza- %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8% the-martyred-of-cast-lead/ AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8% 12. https://occupiedpalestine.wordpress.com/2011/04/19/gaza- AF-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%- the-martyred-of-cast-lead/ B5%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85- 13. https://occupiedpalestine.wordpress.com/2011/04/19/gaza- %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A7- the-martyred-of-cast-lead/ %D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5 14. https://occupiedpalestine.wordpress.com/2011/04/19/gaza- %D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-! the-martyred-of-cast-lead/ 53. https://www.paldf.net/forum/showthread.php?t=735626 15. http://www.ibtimes.co.in/truth-about-rehana-kurdish-female- 1. image 54. https://activist1.wordpress.com/2013/11/02/pakistan-taliban- warrior-who-killed-100-isis-fighters-just-wartime-urban-612963 hakimullah-mehsud-dead-in-drone-strike-us-sabotages-efforts-for- 16. http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/urgent-isis-beheaded-kurd- peace/ ish-female-fighter-rehana/ 55. https://medium.com/@vvanwilgenburg/in-kobani-some-kurds- 17. http://www.shalomjerusalem.com/jerusalem/jerusalem116.html were-fighting-kurds-422511f387d2 18. http://www.gettyimages.no/detail/news-photo/the-head-of-a- 56. https://wildflowersnews.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/screen- female-palestinian-suicide-bomber-lies-on-the-news-photo/51335181 shot-2014-07-13-at-9-57-05-pm.png 19. http://unwrappingidentity.com/branded-social-networks/ 57. https://wildflowersnews.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/screen- 20. https://andreasmoser.wordpress.com/2010/12/11/for-ne- shot-2014-07-26-at-11-18-20-pm.png

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126 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Illustrations 127 abu-hafs-al-pakistani/ 4WrSMZ6KWW6e1jQcVFBrnzIvWXAQbzcQIdXFdcyaHY1bNsTo0ioS- 60. http://www.raymondibrahim.com/in-the-media/graphic-imag- CYIMF_1Vj4FnWEZM8AXyjLij4KhIJCdI6Nfbb8QYR9zbF-egUGh- es-of-christian-persecution-under-islam/ AqEgm0QKThatIxnhFFzJSIuYvhXyoSCYpZbp7WNBxUEetX- 61. http://www.raymondibrahim.com/in-the-media/graphic-imag- 6p2qVr_1wKhIJUGufMi9ZcBARLyHn_1sgk3VkqEglvNxAh1cV1zBEg- es-of-christian-persecution-under-islam/ 3a4fM0VJqSoSCZodjVs2xOjSEfDkiZogbSt3&q=Abu%20Khattab%20 62. http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D al-Kurdi&imgrc=L_KKu9Ipk5nl-M%3A 8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ 72. https://wildflowersnews.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/screen- 1894/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1- shot-2014-07-13-at-9-57-05-pm.png %D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA 73. https://wildflowersnews.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/screen- %D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A shot-2014-07-26-at-11-18-20-pm.png 63. http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D 74. https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dep/smk/organisasjonskart/er- 8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85/ nasolberg/bilder/id744661/ 1894/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1- 75. Mothers of the Nation, project by Barbar Stahl %D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA 76. http://www.klikk.no/incoming/img-1174007/BINARY/original/ %D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A Siv%20Jensen%20004_688.jpg 64. http://saraya.ps/post/37671/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1- 77. Mothers of the Nation, project by Barbar Stahl %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8% 78. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ine_Marie_Eriksen_S%C3%B8reide AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8% 79. Mothers of the Nation, project by Barbar Stahl AF-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%- B5%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85- %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A7- %D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5 %D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-! 65. http://www.gamatv.ps/ar/1/2/4052/ 66. https://www.paldf.net/forum/showthread.php?t=735626 67. https://www.paldf.net/forum/showthread.php?t=735626 68. http://www.kaskus.co.id/thread/523b35098227cfb379000005/ perang-suriah-antara-isis---al-qaeda-melawan-fsa-telah-dimulai/352 1. image 69. http://www.kaskus.co.id/thread/523b35098227cfb379000005/ perang-suriah-antara-isis---al-qaeda-melawan-fsa-telah-dimulai/352 70. https://medium.com/@vvanwilgenburg/in-kobani-some-kurds- were-fighting-kurds-422511f387d2 71. https://www.google.no/search?q=Abu+Khattab+al-Kurdi&es_ sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAWoVCh- MI9NO1m_TpxwIVCwksCh0RAAha&biw=1920&bih=955#tbm=isch&tbs=rimg%3ACS_1yirvSKZOZIjiCDBf1Y-BZ1gnSOjX22_1EGtECk-

128 Dead Beauty by Stahl Stenslie Illustrations 129 DEAD BEAUTY BY STAHL STENSLIE

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