SHAKESPEAREAN CONTINUITIES with son Paul with granddaughter Perdita

From their twenties to their sixties ELSIE AND ERNST HONIGMANN Shakespearean Continuities Essays in Honour of E. A. J. Honigmann

Edited by

John Batchelor, Tom Cain and Claire Lamont

palgrave macmillan First published in Great Britain 1997 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-26005-8 ISBN 978-1-349-26003-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-26003-4

First published in the United States of America 1997 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue. New York. N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-17504-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shakespearean continuities: essays in honor of E. A. J. Honigmann / edited by John Batchelor. Tom Cain, and Claire Lamont. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-17504-7 (cloth) 1. Shakespeare. William, 1564-1616-Criticism and interpretation. I. Honigrnann, E. A. 1. II. Batchelor, John. 1942- III. Cain, T. G. S. (Thomas Grant Steven) IV. Lamont, Claire. PR2976.S3389 1997 822.3'3-dc21 97-5892 CIP

Selection and editorial matter © John Batchelor. Tom Cain and Claire Lamont 1997 © the several contributors in their various essays 1997 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997

All rights reserved. No reproduction. copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.

No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road. London WI P 9HE.

Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988.

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging. pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 Contents

Notes on the Contributors viii Preface and Acknowledgements xii

I Shakespeare and His Predecessors

1 Magic and the Recluse in Arden: Shakespeare's Precursors in the Forest 3 John Frankis

2 Voices from the Past: A Note on Termagant and Herod 23 Diana Whaley

3 Classical and Contemporary Sources of the 'Gloomy Woods' of Titus Andronicus: Ovid, Seneca, Spenser 40 Michael Pincombe

4 Shakespeare's Henry IV and 'the old song of Percy and Douglas' 56 Claire Lamont

5 'Suppose you see': The Chorus in Henry V and The Mirror for Magistrates 74 Brian Vickers

II Shakespeare and His Contemporaries

6 Credulous to False Prints: Shakespeare, Chettle, Harvey, Wolfe 93 John Jowett

7 The Case for the Earlier Canon 108 Rosalind King

8 Freud and Shakespeare: Hamlet 123 A.D. Nuttall

v vi Contents

9 Othello, The Infamous Ripley and SHAKSPER 138 Edward Pechter

10 Timon and Tragedy 150 Laurence Lerner

11 Shakespeare the Man 161 Park Honan

12 The Rapture of the Sea 175 Philip Edwards

III Shakespeare in Performance

13 'Comparisons and wounding flouts': Love's Labours Lost and the Tradition of Personal Satire 193 Tom Cain

14 The Integration of Violent Action in Titus Andronicus 206 Stanley Wells

15 Troilus and Cressida as Brechtian Theatre 221 RS. White

16 On Finishing a Commentary on King Lear 238 RA. Foakes

17 The Making of a Popular Repertory: Hollywood and the Elizabethans 247 G.K. Hunter

18 Shakespeare Meets the Warner Brothers: Reinhardt and Dieterle's A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935) 259 Bruce Babington

IV Shakespeare and Later Writers

19 Nicholas Rowe and the Glossing of Shakespeare 277 N.E. Osselton

20 Shakespearean Sensibilities: Women Writers Reading Shakespeare, 1753-1808 290 Judith Hawley Contents vii

21 Shakespeare in The Cenci: Tragedy and 'familiar imagery' 305 Michael Rossington

22 Ruskin and Shakespeare 319 John Batchelor

23 Shakespeare and Strindberg: Influence as Insemination 335 Inga-Stina Ewbank

24 The Further Fortunes of Falstaff 348 T.W. Craik

25 'Brush Up Your Shakespeare', or Learning to Dance with the Bard: Angela Carter's Wise Children 361 Linda Anderson

26 Base Uses 372 Kenneth Muir * * * 'After Shakespeare: The West End, Newcastle upon Tyne': A Set of Poems 378 Desmond Graham

'A Book-Binder's Grumble' 382 E.A.J. Honigmann

* * * E.A.J. Honigmann: Publications, 1954-97 384

Index 388 Notes on the Contributors

Linda Anderson is Reader in Modern English Literature and Women's Studies and Director of the Centre for Gender and Women's Studies at the University of Newcastle. She has recently published Women and Autobiography in the Twentieth Century and Alice James: Her Life in Letters.

Bruce Babington is Reader in Film Studies at the University of Newcastle. He is the co-author (with Peter Evans) of three books on the Hollywood cinema, the latest of which is Biblical Epics: Sacred Narrative in The Hollywood Cinema. He has also published numerous articles on American, British and European cinema.

John Batchelor is Joseph Cowen Professor of English at the University of Newcastle, formerly Fellow and Senior Tutor of New College, Oxford. He is general editor of the World's Classics edition of Conrad, and his books include (most recently) The Life of Joseph Conrad: A Critical Biography. He is now writing an intellectual biography of John Ruskin.

Tom Cain is Head of the Department of English at the University of Newcastle. He has published a study of Tolstoy, but his main research interests are in the drama, poetry and the wider culture and politics of early modern England, especially Donne and Jonson. Recent publications include an edition of Jonson's Poetaster.

T.W. Craik is Emeritus Professor of English at the University of Durham. He is the author of The Tudor Interlude and The Comic Tales of Chaucer, and the editor of many Elizabethan and Jacobean plays, most recently The Maid's Tragedy, The Merry Wives of Windsor, and King Henry V.

Philip Edwards has been Professor of English at Trinity College, Dublin, the University of Essex and the University of Liverpool. He has published widely in the field of Shakespeare and the literature of his time, and in recent years has written extensively on the narratives of English voyages. His most recent book is The Metaphorical Voyage: Spenser to Milton. He is a Fellow of the British Academy.

Inga-Stina Ewbank is Professor of English Literature at the University of Leeds. Born and educated in Sweden, she combines interests in

viii Notes on the Contributors ix

English and Scandinavian literature and has written on Shakespeare and his contemporaries as well as on Ibsen and Strindberg, some of whose plays she has translated for the English stage.

R.A. Foakes, Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles, is the author of critic~l works on Shakespeare and the theatre of his age, and also on Romantic literature, especially Coleridge. His latest publications are Hamlet versus Lear and the new Arden edition of King Lear.

John Frankis took his BA, MA and B. Litt at Oxford and taught at Tiibingen and Helsinki before being appointed to the Department of English at the University of Newcastle, where he served from 1964 to his retirement in 1991. He has published various studies of Old English and Middle English language and literature, and is currently working on vernacular writing in post-Conquest England.

Desmond Graham is Reader in Modem English Poetry at the University of Newcastle. He has published two collections of poems, anq is the biographer and editor of Keith Douglas. He has recently published Poetry of the Second World War: An International Anthology.

Judith Hawley is a Lecturer in English at Royal Holloway, University of London. She has published essays on Sterne and Charlotte Smith and has recently edited Jane Collier's The Art of Ingeniously Tormenting, and Fielding's Joseph Andrews and Shamela. She is currently working on encyclopedism and on late-eighteenth-century women writers.

Park Honan is Emeritus Professor of English at the University of Leeds. He is co-author of a life of Browning and author of Matthew Arnold: A Life and of Jane Austen: Her Life. His 'Shakespeare's Life' appears in his collected essays, Authors' Lives. He is now working on a full new biography of Shakespeare.

G.K. Hunter was educated at Glasgow and subsequently at Oxford (D. Phil., 1950). He is Emily Sanford Professor Emeritus at Yale and a Fellow of the British Academy. He has recently published a volume in the Oxford History of English Literature, The Age of Shakespeare.

John Jowett took his BA and MA in English at the University of Newcastle. He is an editor of the Oxford Shakespeare Complete Works, Associate Editor of the forthcoming Oxford edition of Thomas Middle• ton's Collected Works and a Fellow of the Shakespeare Institute. x Notes on the Contributors

Rosalind King lectures in English and Drama at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London. Trained initially as a musician, she freelances as a dramaturge and is on the board of the English Shakespeare Company. She is completing a book on the textuality of performance in Shakespeare.

Claire Lamont is a Senior Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Newcastle. She specialises in English and Scottish literature of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, especially Dr Johnson, Blake, Scott and Austen. She is also interested in ballads, in particular those associated with the Anglo-Scottish border.

Laurence Lerner was for many years Professor of English at the University of Sussex; in 1985 he left there to be Kenan Professor of English at Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, from which he retired in 1995. The most recent of his many books is Angels and Absences, a study of child deaths in nineteenth-century literature.

Kenneth Muir, who died in 1996, aged 89, was King Alfred Professor of English Literature at the University of Liverpool 1951-74. He was well known for his numerous editions of Shakespeare's plays. He wrote extensively not only on Shakespeare but also on other Elizabethan dramatists, on Wyatt, Restoration drama, Keats and Milton. He was a translator of Racine and Calder6n, and for many years he was the editor of Shakespeare Survey. He was a Fellow of the British Academy and of the Royal Society of Literature.

A.D. Nuttall, formerly Professor of English and Pro-Vice-Chancellor at the University of Sussex, is now Professor of English at New College, Oxford. His many books include studies of Shakespeare and of the relations between philosophy and literature. He is now working on Gnostic heresy in the writings of Marlowe, Milton and Blake.

N.E. Osselton has divided his academic career equally between Holland and England, and has held chairs of English Language in both countries including, most recently, the Chair of English Language at the University of Newcastle. He has written widely on the history of English lexi• cography from its beginnings in the Latin dictionaries of the Renaissance down to the great historical works of today.

Edward Pechter is Professor of English at Concordia University, Montreal. He is the author of Dryden's Classical Theory of Literature, and, recently, What Was Shakespeare? Renaissance Plays and Changing Notes on the Contributors xi

Critical Practice and (as editor) Textual and Theatrical Shakespeare: Questions of Evidence.

Michael Pincombe is a Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Newcastle. He has written on a number of mid-Tudor and Elizabethan topics, and has recently published a book on The Plays of John Lyly: Eros and Eliza.

Michael Rossington is a Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Newcastle. He is currently working on editions of Percy Shelley's The Cenci and Mary Shelley's Valperga, and on a critical book about the work of Percy Shelley.

Brian Vickers, formerly a Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge, is Professor of English Literature and Director of the Centre for Renaissance Studies at the Swiss Federal Technical Institute, Zurich. His publications include Towards Greek Tragedy, Shakespeare: the Critical Heritage (6 vols), In Defence of Rhetoric, and, recently, Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels and a study of Francis Bacon.

Stanley Wells is General Editor of the Oxford Shakespeare and editor of Shakespeare Survey. For most of his academic career he has been a member of the Shakespeare Institute of the University of Birmingham, which he directed from 1988 to 1997. He is Vice-Chairman of the governors of the Royal Shakespeare Company and Chairman of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust and of the International Shakespeare Association.

Diana Whaley is a Senior Lecturer in English at the University of Newcastle. She read English Language and Medieval Literature at Durham University before studying in Reykjavik and Oxford, where she took the D. Phil. Her publications are chiefly on Old Icelandic poetry and saga, and she teaches Medieval" English and literature (including drama) at the University of Newcastle.

R.S. White, formerly of the University of Newcastle, is Professor and Head of the Department of English at the University of Western Australia. His many books include a number of Shakespeare studies, and he is a regular contributor to Shakespeare Survey. His most recent book is Natural Law in English Renaissance Literature. He is a Fellow of the Australian Humanities Academy. Preface and Acknowledgements

Ernst Honigmann was born in 1927 in Breslau, in Silesia (now Wrodaw in Poland). His father was Director of the Breslau Zoo, and his childhood home was a place for nurturing young animals: it was not unusual for a child going to bed to find a young chimpanzee already between the sheets. Germany in the thirties, however, became intolerable for a family with one Jewish parent, and the Honigmanns left Breslau in 1935. They came to Britain where, after several moves, they settled in Glasgow. The young Ernst, who spoke no English before the age of seven, went to Hillhead High School and then Glasgow University (1944-48), where it was his good fortune to hear Peter Alexander's lectures on the editing of Shakespeare. In 1948 Honigmann went to Merton College, Oxford, to work on Shakespeare (under the supervision of J.e. Maxwell). What was initially intended as the appendix to the thesis - a chronology of Shakespeare - became his B. Litt. thesis, 'Studies in the Chronology of Shakespeare's Plays'. In 1951 Honigmann became a founder Fellow of the Shakespeare Institute at Stratford-up on-Avon, and in 1954 he returned to Glasgow to share the teaching of Shakespeare with his former teacher, Peter Alexander, who remained the most important influence on his think• ing about Shakespeare generally and about the textual criticism of Shakespeare more particularly. Honigmann's first book, The Stability of Shakespeare's Text (1965), nevertheless surprised Alexander, for he had not aired his unorthodox views until this book appeared. Honigmann moved to Newcastle in 1968 as Reader in English Literature, and two years later was appointed to the Joseph Cowen Chair of English Literature, which he held until his retirement in 1989; in that same year he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy. From 1976 he has served as joint general editor of The Revels Plays and of The Revels Plays Companion Library. His publications are chiefly on sixteenth- and seventeenth- century literature. His work on Shakespeare includes criticism, biography and editing, his most recent book being The Texts of 'Othello' and Shakespearean Revision (1996) and his edition of Othello for the Arden Shakespeare' (1997). In 1958 he married Dr Elsie M. Packman (1929-94), who was a lecturer in Zoology at Aberdeen University and later in Genetics at Glasgow University. They had three children.

xii Preface and Acknowledgements xiii

Shakespearean Continuities is a Festschrift for Ernst Honigmann. Several features of Honigmann are reflected in the book's title and content: his great distinction as a Shakespeare scholar, his rich, wide and diverse literary range, and the warmth, generosity and intellectual catholicity with which he served as leader of the English Department at Newcastle for nearly twenty years. Two kinds of scholar have contributed to this book. There are fourteen essays by Shakespeare scholars world• wide (including such figures as Tom Craik, Philip Edwards, Inga• Stina Ewbank, R.A Foakes, Park Honan, G.K. Hunter, the late Kenneth Muir, AD. Nuttall, Brian Vickers and Stanley Wells), and twelve essays (and a set of poems) by past and present members of the Department of English at Newcastle. What unites the contributors, of course, is their affection and admiration for Ernst Honigmann. The book closes with a select bibliography of Honigmann's work and his own poem, 'A Book-Binder's Grumble.' The sense of our title is reflected by the four parts into which the book is divided: 'Shakespeare and his Predecessors', 'Shakespeare and his Contemporaries', Shakespeare in Performance' and 'Shakespeare and Later Writers'. These four divisions are not perceived by us as watertight. For example, AD. Nuttall's 'Freud and Shakespeare: Hamlet' is where it is because it is a Shakespeare-centred essay, not because the editors regard Freud as one of Shakespeare's contemporaries; similarly, R.A Foakes's 'On Finishing a Commentary on King Lear' is about editing rather than stage-history, but it appears where it does because its argument stresses the need to understand the play in performance. The late Kenneth Muir's 'Base Uses', written shortly before his death in 1996, can be read as a conclusion to the whole volume as well as to the section in which it appears. The Editors would like to thank Charmian Hearne, who has been a model of patience as publisher and has nursed this whole project through from its inception, Rowena Bryson, Administrative Secretary to the Department of English at Newcastle, whose expertise and dedication have contributed greatly to the completion of the volume and to the editors' peace of mind, and Lynn Cain who has made the index. We would also like to thank the following for permission to use images: the Bodleian Library for illustrations to Chapter 6, Warner Brothers for photographs in Chapter 18 and the Shakespeare Centre Library, Stratford-upon-Avon, for the illustration in Chapter 24; the photographs in the frontispiece are reproduced by kind permission of E.AI. Honigmann and with the assistance of Michael Sharp of the Newcastle University Audio-Visual Centre.

IBB, TGSC, CL Newcastle