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Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) ZOOLOGIA online ahead of print http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702013005000005 A new genus, Atlanteuptychia gen. nov., for Euptychia ernestina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) André V. L. Freitas1,3, Eduardo P. Barbosa1, Jessie P. Santos1 & Olaf H. H. Mielke2 1 Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. 3 Corresponding author. ABSTRACT. Atlanteuptychia Freitas, Barbosa & Mielke, gen. nov. is proposed for Euptychia ernestina Weymer, 1911 and illustrated. This taxon lacks the posterior projection of the tegumen, a synapomorphy of Euptychia Hübner, 1818, and does not share morphological synapomorphies with Cyllopsis R. Felder, 1869 and Paramacera Butler, 1868, two Central American genera apparently closely related to Euptychia ernestina, based on molecular data. This evidence supports the proposition of a new genus endemic to the Atlantic Forest, A. ernestina stat. nov. KEY WORDS. Atlantic Forest; Butterfly; Euptychiina; Satyrini. With over 400 described species, the subtribe Euptychiina Quilombo, Santos, São Paulo (23°48’S, 46°18’W, 50-200 m), 2) (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini) is mostly Neotropical, with Morro Grande, Cotia, São Paulo (23°42’S, 46°59’W, 850-950 a single species in the Nearctic region and one in Southeast Asia m), 3) Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Salesópolis, São Paulo (LAMAS 2004a, PEÑA et al. 2006, 2010, MARÍN et al. 2011). Euptychia (23°39’S, 45°53’W, 850 m), 4) DAE Dam, Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, Hübner, 1818, formerly including most Neotropical Euptychiina, São Paulo (23°13’S, 46°58’W, 900-1200 m), 5) Grota Funda, now includes only 16 described species of small satyrines, typi- Atibaia, São Paulo (23°10’S, 46°31’W, 1050-1100 m), and 6) cal of wet forests, predominantly in the Andeans foothills and Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de in the Amazon region (DEVRIES 1987, LAMAS 2004b, BRÉVIGNON Janeiro (22°27’S, 42°46’W, 1000 m). 2005, PULIDO et al. 2011, FREITAS et al. 2012). Although its posi- Additional data on E. ernestina deposited in museums tion within the Euptychiina is still unclear, Euptychia is a well- were obtained from seven collections. The acronyms for the defined clade, supported by morphological and molecular data collections are: BMNH – The Natural History Museum, Lon- (PEÑA et al. 2006, 2010, PEÑA & WAHLBERG 2008, FREITAS et al. 2012). don, England; DZUP – Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Euptychia ernestina Weymer, 1911 was originally described Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; DZUP-OM “Coleção in Euptychia, where it remained until recently, mainly because Olaf H. H. Mielke”, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; MNRJ – Museu of its superficial resemblance to some bona fide Euptychia Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, (WEYMER 1911). FREITAS et al. (2012), based on molecular and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; MZSP – Museu de Zoologia, Universidade morphological evidence, suggested that this taxon should be de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; USNM – National Museum of removed from Euptychia. In particular, E. ernestina lacks the Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, conspicuous posterior projection of the tegumen above the USA; ZUEC – Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de uncus, a synapomorphy of all known Euptychia (FREITAS et al. Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Additional 2012). In fact, molecular data show not only that E. ernestina is data of sightings of the species in the field were kindly pro- not part of the Euptychia clade, but also that this taxon is part vided by Keith S. Brown Jr from several unpublished butterfly of a clade which includes the Central American Cyllopsis R. records. Felder, 1869 and Paramacera Butler, 1868 (PEÑA et al. 2006, 2010). Dissections were made using standard techniques. Legs, In this contribution we propose a new genus for Euptychia palp and abdomen were soaked in warm 10% potassium hy- ernestina and provide a detailed morphological description of droxide for nearly 10 minutes before dissection. Dissected this species. parts were stored in glycerol. In order to be able to see the venation, we soaked the wings in alcohol and NaClO solu- MATERIAL AND METHODS tion (bleach) to dissolve the scales. The taxonomic nomen- clature follows LAMAS (2004a), modified by PEÑA et al. (2006) Specimens of E. ernestina were studied and collected in and WAHLBERG et al. (2009). Drawings and measurements of the field in six localities in Southeastern Brazil: 1) Vale do Rio wings, legs and palp were made using a Leica® MZ7.5 stere- © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia | www.sbzoologia.org.br | All rights reserved. A.V.L. Freitas et al. omicroscope equipped with a micrometric scale and a draw- Atlanteuptychia ernestina comb. nov. ing tube. Photographs of the male and female genitalia were Figs 1-18 taken using a Zeiss Discovery V20 Stereomicroscope. The fol- lowing abbreviations were used: (FW) forewing, (HW) hind Euptychia ernestina Weymer, 1911: 206, pl. 47, lectotype female, wing, (D) dorsal, (V) ventral. [Santa] Leopoldina, Espir.[ito] Santo, Bras.[ilien], 1894. [Julius] Michaelis (deposited in Museum für Naturkunde, TAXONOMY Humboldt Universität [MNHU], Berlin, Germany), herein designated by G. Lamas (examined in1994); GAEDE 1931: 446; D’ABRERA 1988: 773, 874; BROWN & FREITAS 2000: 85, 104; Atlanteuptychia Freitas, Barbosa & Mielke LAMAS 2004b: 219; UEHARA-PRADO et al. 2004: 14, 24, pl. 9, 2007: 49, fig. 5 (code Eern); PEÑA et al. 2006: 35, 39, 40, 44, gen. nov. figs 1, 2, 6; PEÑA et al. 2010: 247, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, Type species. Euptychia ernestina Weymer, 1911 figs 2, 3, 4; FRANCINI et al. 2011: 65; FREITAS et al. 2012: 466. Diagnosis. Eyes naked, dark brown with a light brown The name Euptychia ernestina was established by WEYMER basal stripe. Palpus approximately 2.0 times longer than head (1911) based on an unstated number of specimens from height, covered with short, light yellow and long dark hairs “Esperito [sic] Santo (Brasilien)”. The lectotype has been (Fig. 3). Antenna 8.0-9.0 mm long, extending to mid-costa, designated to fix the identity of the name. with 29 to 32 segments; shaft dark brown with the internal Redescription. Male (Figs 1-6). Body entirely dark brown. margin bearing white dots; club composed of 10-11 segments, Last two abdominal segments dorsally covered with distinct well developed, 3-4 of which are yellow in their middle sec- black scales (Figs 5 and 6). FW length 16.0-19.0 mm (n = 5); tion (Fig. 4). Legs covered with dark brown scales on femur HW length 15.0-16.0 mm (n = 5). Dorsal ground color of both and light yellow scales on tibia and tarsus. wings brown with few markings; dark sub marginal stripe es- Male genitalia (Figs 7-10): Saccus short; tegumen pecially conspicuous in HW; well-defined androconia com- rounded; gnathos long and pointed, curved upwards; uncus prising long, dark hair-like scales in space CuA2-2A on the elongated and pointed distally; valvae elongated, trapezoidal, HWD (Figs 1 and 5). Ventral color of both wings brown with with a pointed distal extremity, internal margin with a series several markings as following: FWV crossed by two weakly of small teeth; aedeagus straight; cornuti absent; fultura infe- marked dark brown lines, first line extended from Sc, cross- rior membranous. ing discal cell to half the space CuA2-2A one third from base; Female genitalia (Figs 11-12): Papillae anales long and second line, broader, extended from costa to half the space hairy, adorned with few setae, ductus bursae short and slightly CuA2-2A two-thirds from the wing base; dark brown zigzag- sclerotized; corpus bursae ellipsoidal with two long sclerotized ging sub marginal line and a brown regular marginal line parallel signa running along the entire length of corpus bur- extending from costa to 2A; apical region light, covered with sae. cream scales, with well-developed dark ocellus in space R5-M1 Etymology. The generic name refers in part to the Atlan- complete, outlined by yellow ring, and with silver pupil; two tic region of Brazil, to which the taxon is endemic, in addition to three additional irregular weakly marked silver ocelli with- to its relationship to other genera in Euptychiina. out the black areas and with incomplete yellow outline ap- Type and only species: Atlanteuptychia ernestina (Weymer, parent in most examined individuals are usually present in 1911), comb. nov. space M1-M2 and M2-M3. HWV with dark brown region in basal Remarks. Among the genera with similar wing color pat- area near insertion of wings; crossed by two dark brown ir- terns, Atlanteuptychia gen. nov. can be easily distinguished from regular lines from costa to anal margin delimiting lighter Euptychia Hübner, 1818 by the absence of the posterior projec- area, first line more regular, one third from wing base; sec- tion of the tegumen and by the presence of a well-developed ond lines irregular in shape and thickness, two-thirds from gnathos in the male genitalia, and by the absence of a recur- wing base; margin light brown, with dark brown irregular zig- rent vein in the FW discal cell. The new genus differs from zag sub marginal line and brown regular marginal line ex- Cissia Doubleday, 1848 by the short saccus and gnathos (both tending from costa to 2A; series of five ocelli present in spaces usually longer in most Cissia); and from Carminda Dias, 1998 Rs-M1 (ocellus 1), M1-M2 (2), M2-M3 (3), M3-CuA1 (4), CuA1- by the slightly wavy margin of the HW (strongly wavy in CuA2 (5); ocelli 1, 2 and 5 complete, black, outlined by yellow Carminda), and by the shape of the uncus in dorsal view (later- ring, and with silver pupil; ocelli 3 and 4 irregular in shape, ally extended in Carminda); differs from all species of the above silver, without black areas and with incomplete yellow out- three genera by the presence of a conspicuous androconial tuft line.
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