PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
EHLANZENI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
Project No. : EDM / 04 / 2011-12
Project Name : Driekoppies Regional Bulk Water Supply Scheme
Date : January 2015
Prepared By: Prepared For: Lubisi Consulting Engineers Ehlanzeni District Municipality 20 Branders Street 8 van Niekerk Street P O Box 12393 PO Box 3333 Nelspruit Nelspruit 1200 1200
Tel: 013 752 6416 Tel: 013 759 8500 Fax: 013 752 6418 Fax: 013 755 8539 E-mail: [email protected] Contact: Mr C T Pagiwa Contact: Mr P Du Toit
DRIEKOPPIES BULK WATER SUPPLY SCHEME AND FUTURE EXTENSIONS, NKOMAZI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
Approval
Title
EDM Report No.
Consultant
Report Status
Date
Study Team - Lubisi Consulting
...... Mr C T Pagiwa Pr Eng Mr SP Tshuma Director Engineer Project Manager Study Leader Ehlanzeni District Municipality Team
...... Adv M Mbatha Mr P Du Toit Municipal Manager Technical Manager Ehlanzeni District Municipality Ehlanzeni District Municipality
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Nkomazi is situated in the southern Lowveld of Mpumalanga between the southern boundary of the Kruger National Park and Swaziland. Malelane and Komatipoort are the major towns of the area. The extremely western areas are densely vegetated with undulating hills and relative deep incised valleys. Commercial forests are found in the area. The larger central area has a relatively flat topography with a mean sea level of 180m to 450m.
Towards the extreme east are found mountainous areas with the Lebombo mountain range forming the border with Mozambique and the Mananga, Madubula and Khluhlu mountains in the vicinity of Mbuzini. The region is intersected by two rivers, namely the Komati to the east and its main subsidiary, the Lomati to the west. Both rivers flow from Swaziland, the first feeding Lake Matsamo and the second the Maguga Dam. These rivers confluences between Phiva and Tonga A; which later confluences with the Crocodile River at Komatipoort to form the Nkomati River flowing into Mozambique.
Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme serves several villages of Nkomazi Local Municipality. The scheme is located in the South-East of the Ehlanzeni District Municipality (EDM). The supply area is predominantly rural with yard stand pipes and Ventilation Improved Pit (VIP) toilets. Current and Projected population for the study area is as presented below:
Table 1: Executive Summary - Population Projection 2014 2017 2022 2027 2032 2037 Settlement Name Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop Driekoppies 34 278 35 843 38 613 41 598 44 812 48 276 Middelplaas 4 415 4 617 4 973 5 358 5 772 6 218 Schulzendal 4 122 4 310 4 643 5 002 5 389 5 805 Langeloop 24 588 25 711 27 698 29 838 32 144 34 628 Aniva 779 815 878 945 1 019 1 097 Boschfontein 11 254 11 768 12 677 13 657 14 713 15 850 Skoonplaas 3 528 3 689 3 974 4 282 4 613 4 969 Jeppe's Rust 11 575 12 103 13 039 14 046 15 132 16 301 Magogeni 1 697 1 774 1 912 2 059 2 218 2 390 Buffelspruit 13 468 14 083 15 172 16 344 17 607 18 968 Schoemansdal North 2 704 2 827 3 046 3 281 3 535 3 808 Schoemansdal C 12 770 13 353 14 385 15 497 16 695 17 985 Schoemansdal 15 395 16 098 17 342 18 682 20 126 21 681 Jeppe's Reef 27 997 29 276 31 538 33 976 36 602 39 430 168 568 176 268 189 890 204 566 220 375 237 407
From the inception and scoping studies, indications are that the water demand in the study area has exceeded supply and existing system capacity. The study area receives its water from the Driekoppies Dam. Calculated summer peak demand for 2017 is 34Ml/d and projected demand for 2037 is 45Ml/d. Existing Water Treatment Works (WTW) capacity is 20Ml/d, which is less than the current calculated demand. It has been noted that current operation capacity of the Driekoppies WTW is about 27Ml/d which is beyond the plant's design capacity.
There is a need to increase water supply into the Driekoppies scheme so as to meet the demand and to stop the water rationing which is currently being implemented. Nkomazi Local Municipality is authorised to draw 9,646,240m3/a from the Driekoppies Dam, this abstraction volume is as a result of combining the different licenses from the areas covered by the Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme. Nkomazi LM will have to apply for one license for the Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme which will combine all single available licences to allow for more allocations as demand increases with time.
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Below is a summary of the projected water demand for the twenty year study period:
Table 2: Executive Summary - Demand Projection Year Population AADD – Ml/d GAADD – Ml/d SPD – Ml/d 2017 176 259 17.91 22.66 33.99 2037 237 396 23.80 30.11 45.17
Detailed costing of proposed works is included in this report. It is estimated that the full development will cost R311 581 500.68 (VAT Incl.) Below is the phasing for the proposed works, a more detailed proposed phasing of works is included in the write up below:
Table 3: Executive Summary - Project Phasing Phase Description 1 - Upgrade of WTW to 30Ml/d Capacity 2 - Upgrade of Reservoirs 3 - Upgrade of Pipelines and Pump Stations 4 - Upgrade of the WTW to 40Ml/d Capacity
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Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Title ...... 1 1.2 Location of Scheme ...... 1 1.3 Project Objectives ...... 1 1.4 Purpose of Preliminary Design Report ...... 2 1.5 Definition of Problem ...... 2 1.6 Main Driver for Study ...... 2 1.7 Linkages of Proposed Study to Backlogs ...... 2 1.8 Is Proposed Project a Regional Bulk Project? ...... 3 2 NEED DETERMINATION 3 2.1 Demographics ...... 3 2.2 Population and Growth Projections...... 4 3 STATUS QUO 4 3.1 Existing Infrastructure ...... 4 3.1.1 Surface Water 4 3.1.2 Underground Water: 4 3.1.3 Water Treatment Works 4 3.1.4 Storage 6 3.1.5 Bulk Pipelines 6 3.1.6 Summary of Existing Pipelines 7 3.1.7 Reticulation/Distribution 7 3.1.8 Electricity Supply 7 4 DEMAND / NEED PARAMETERS 8 4.1 Service Levels (Volumetric) ...... 8 4.2 Demand Analysis ...... 8 4.3 Calculation of Water Demand ...... 9 5 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 11 5.1 Demand ...... 11 5.1.1 Design Criteria 11 5.2 Reservoirs ...... 11 5.2.1 Design Criteria 11 5.2.2 Proposed Reservoirs 11 5.3 Pipelines ...... 11 5.3.1 Design Criteria 11 5.3.2 Pipelines 12 5.3.3 Proposed Pipelines 12 5.4 Water Treatment Works ...... 13 5.4.1 Design Criteria 13 5.4.2 Proposed WTW Developments 13 5.5 Storage Requirements ...... 13 5.5.1 Design Criteria 13 5.5.2 Proposed Reservoirs 13 5.6 Water Balance...... 14 5.7 Additional Water Sources ...... 14 5.8 Water Quality ...... 14 5.9 Land Survey ...... 17
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5.10 Geological Investigations ...... 17 5.11 Topographic Survey ...... 18 5.12 Surge and Water Hummer Analysis...... 18 6 ENGINEERING VIABILITY 18 6.1 Options Analysis ...... 18 6.2 Cost Estimate ...... 19 7 O & M AND ASSET MANAGEMENT PLANS 20 7.1 Operational Procedures ...... 21 7.2 Operator Duties ...... 21 7.3 O & M Budget Required ...... 23 7.4 Human Resources Required ...... 24 7.5 Assessment of Existing Human Resources of Benefiting Institution ...... 24 7.6 Water Management Plan Associated with Project ...... 25 7.7 Strategy to Minimize Performance Failures of Proposed Project ...... 25 7.8 Strategy on How to Optimize the Proposed Infrastructure ...... 25 7.9 Project Milestones and Phasing...... 26 8 WATER CONSERVATION AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT 26 8.1 Water Conservation and Demand Side Management Options ...... 26 8.1.1 Leakage and Wastage Reduction 26 8.1.2 Consumer Water Use Reduction 27 8.1.3 Rain Water Harvesting Options 27 8.1.4 Ground Water Supply Options 27 8.1.5 Zoning and Pressure Regulation 27 9 INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY 27 9.1 Organisations and leadership profiles ...... 27 9.2 Community Structures ...... 28 9.3 Income level and sources of income ...... 28 9.4 Community Involvement ...... 29 9.5 Water Service Authority ...... 30 9.5.1 Responsibility 30 9.5.2 Status and Proficiency 32 9.5.3 Status and proficiency of the Selected Water Services Provider (WSP) 32 9.5.4 Consumer / Customer Relationship 32 9.5.5 Water Use Registration (DWS) 33 10 FINANCIAL VIABILITY 33 10.1 Funding Sources ...... 33 10.1.1 Capital Investment 33 10.1.2 Long Term Operation and Maintenance 33 10.1.3 Cost Recovery 33 11 ENVIRONMENTAL ACCEPTABILITY 34 11.1 Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) ...... 34 11.2 Social and Socio Economic Opportunities ...... 34 12 APPENDICES 35 13 REFERENCES 40
List of Tables Table 1: Executive Summary - Population Projection ...... i
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Table 2: Executive Summary - Demand Projection ...... ii Table 3: Executive Summary - Project Phasing ...... ii Table 4: Population Projection ...... 3 Table 5: Summary of Water Treatment Works ...... 5 Table 6: Available Reservoir Storage Capacity ...... 6 Table 7: Summary of Existing Pipelines ...... 7 Table 8: Income Levels and Water Demands ...... 8 Table 9: Water Demand Calculation ...... 10 Table 10: DWS Design Criteria ...... 11 Table 11: Proposed Reservoirs ...... 11 Table 12: Pipeline Design Criteria ...... 11 Table 13: Proposed Pipe Sizes ...... 12 Table 14: WTW Design Criteria ...... 13 Table 15: Proposed Reservoirs ...... 14 Table 16: Nkomazi LM Blue Drop Score ...... 17 Table 17: Cost Estimate ...... 19 Table 18: Maintenance Schedule: Typical Centrifugal Pump ...... 20 Table 19: Typical Tasks Relating to Water Treatment Plants ...... 21 Table 20: Summary: Phasing of Proposed Works ...... 26 Table 21: Household Income ...... 29 Table 22: Available Water Licenses ...... 33 Table 23: Draft Program of Works ...... 36 Table 24: Nkomazi LM Borehole Yields per Annum ...... 37
List of Figures Figure 1: Study Area ...... 1 Figure 2: Typical Consumption ...... 8 Figure 3: Study Area Water Balance ...... 14 Figure 4: Monthly Household Income ...... 29 Figure 5: Schematic layout of Existing Infrastructure ...... 35
Acronyms
AADD Annual Average Daily Demand BOTT Built-operate-train-and–transfer CEO Chief Executive Officer
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CMA Catchment Management Agency CMS Catchment Management Strategy CoGTA Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (previously dplg) DoRA Division of Revenue Act DWS Department of Water and Sanitation (previously DWA) EPC Engineer – Procure - Construct IRP Integrated Resource Planning IRS Implementation Ready Studies IWRP Integrated Water Resource Planning IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management Kl/month Kilolitres per month l/c/d litres per capita per day Mm3/a Million cubic metres per annum NT National Treasury NWA National Water Act NWRS National Water Resource Strategy O and M Operation and Maintenance PPP Private Public Partnerships RBIG Regional Bulk Infrastructure Grant MIS Management Information System SALGA South African Local Government Association SWOT Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats WC Water Conservation WDM Water Demand Management WSA Water Services Authorities WSDP Water Services Development Plans WSI Water Services Institutions
vi Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Title
Driekoppies Bulk Water Supply Scheme and Future Extensions
1.2 Location of Scheme
Figure 1: Study Area
The above shows the Driekoppies WTW and the villages to be covered by the Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme. The Driekoppies WTW is in Driekoppies, a village located in Nkomazi LM, which is one of the five Local Municipalities within Ehlanzeni District Municipality. Nkomazi Local Municipality is located in the eastern part of the Ehlanzeni District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province. The municipality is strategically placed between Swaziland (north of Swaziland) and Mozambique (east of Mozambique). It is linked with Swaziland by two provincial roads and with Mozambique by a railway line and the main national road (N4), which forms the Maputo Corridor. Nkomazi Municipality is also bounded by Kruger National Park to the north, Umjindi Local Municipality to the south-west and Mbombela Local Municipality from the north-west to west.
1.3 Project Objectives
The project objectives are: To undertake a Needs Determination in order to establish the current and future water demands based on demographics and growth projections of the area. To undertake an Engineering Viability assessment of identified options including water sources, required infrastructure and water quality aspects To undertake an Institutional Sustainability assessment of current institutions and their capacity to manage and maintain the envisaged assets and make recommendation of institutional arrangements that may be required. To undertake an Economic / Socio-Economic Analysis to determine infrastructure life cycle cost and quantify the socio-economic impact of the envisaged infrastructure. To determine the Financial Viability of the selected option, this entails identification of funding sources, cash-flow forecast and preparation of milestone schedule for the project.
1 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
1.4 Purpose of Preliminary Design Report
A preliminary design report assesses the operational, technical and economic merits of a proposed project. It is intended to be a preliminary review of the facts to see if it is worthy of proceeding to the analysis phase. The preliminary design analysis is the primary tool for recommending whether to proceed to the next phase or to discontinue the project. This is a management-oriented activity. The main objective being to find out if this project can be implemented and to suggest possible alternative solutions.
1.5 Definition of Problem
Two challenges experienced at the Driekoppies water supply area are: - Water rationing due to high demand for potable water - Compromised water quality due to chlorinated raw water being fed into reticulation
From enquiries, it was noted that this is partly due to ageing infrastructure which is failing to cope with growing water demand. The water quality problems are due to raw water being fed into reticulation. Water is pumped from the Lomati River into the Schoemansdal reservoir where it mixes with clear water from Driekoppies WTW. The raw water is chlorinated at the Schoemansdal Reservoir. Some more raw water is pumped into reticulation from the Buffelspruit raw water pump station. The raw water is chlorinated by use of an in-line gas chlorinator before being channelled into Buffelspruit for reticulation.
1.6 Main Driver for Study
Main drivers for the study are: 1. Need to access basic service: Due to water rationing, some areas receive water once every two days. The basic level of service is defined as: a. - a minimum quantity of potable water of 25litres per person per day, b. - at a minimum flow rate of not less than 10litres per minute and c. - within 200metres of a household d. - with an effectiveness of no more than 7days interruption supply to any consumer per year. However, due to the water rationing, most of the consumers receive a service below the basic level. This project seeks to upgrade the existing infrastructure so that all consumers can receive at least the basic level of service.
2. Need to improve water services quality: This project seeks to establish adequate water treatment capacity so as to eliminate the pumping of raw water into reticulation. This will improve the quality of water supplied to the consumers.
1.7 Linkages of Proposed Study to Backlogs
Backlogs have been defined in the Nkomazi WSDP document as: 1. Reservoirs Backlog: a. Households provided with water (either from natural or man-made reservoirs) but it is not enough to meet their demands. Hence this leads to a need to build or secure another reservoir to accommodate all households b. Households provided with water either from an existing natural or man-made reservoirs but needs to be rehabilitated
Available reservoir capacity is less than the recommended 48hr storage capacity hence the need for upgrade. There are also reservoirs in need of rehabilitation hence the reservoirs backlog being the motivation for this project.
2. Water Treatment Plant Backlog a. Households’ receiving water pumped from wells, rivers, streams, and reservoirs to the water treatment plants but is not treated according to the accepted standards (chemical processes such as disinfection and coagulation or biological processes such as lagooning or slow sand filtration or activated sludge) and it is distributed to the consumers. Therefore, the treatment of water is not acceptable for a desired end-use which can include discharge into the environment.
2 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
b. Households receiving water from wells, rivers, streams and reservoirs but have no water treatment plants.
Water from the Schoemansdal and Buffelspruit Pumping stations is only chlorinated before being pumped into reticulation. This type of treatment is not adequate to bring the raw water to potable standards. There is therefore the need to upgrade available water treatment facilities to be able to produce enough potable water for all consumers within the supply area.
1.8 Is Proposed Project a Regional Bulk Project?
Regional Bulk Infrastructure is defined as:
The infrastructure required to connect the water resource, on a macro or sub-regional scale (over vast distances), with internal bulk and reticulation systems or any bulk supply infrastructure that may have a significant impact on water resources in terms of quantity and quality.
“Macro” is defined as infrastructure serving extensive areas across multi-municipal boundaries; “Sub-regional” is defined as large regional bulk infrastructure serving numerous communities over a large area normally within a specific district or local municipal area; Over “vast distances” is considered as any distances greater than 5 km; Bulk infrastructure that has a “significant impact on water resources” includes: o Any bulk scheme or component that is designed for maximum demand of 2 Ml/day or more; o Any waste water treatment plant that discharges into a fresh water resource system, and o Any water treatment plant that is designed for a maximum demand of more than 2 Ml/day.
The proposed project is a Regional Bulk Scheme because: 1. The bulk scheme is designed to cater for a demand of more than 30 Ml/d 2. The scheme covers a vast area with some supply areas outside the ten kilometre radius from the WTW. 3. Water Treatment plant is designed for a demand of more than 30Ml/d
2 NEED DETERMINATION 2.1 Demographics
Population demographics of the study area were obtained from GIS 2007 database for the different villages that fall within the Driekoppies Scheme. The scheme caters for 14 villages which have been collectively termed the Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme. The fourteen villages are shown in the table below which also shows the population projections for the study area for the twenty year study horizon.
Table 4: Population Projection 2014 2017 2022 2027 2032 2037 Settlement Name Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop Driekoppies 34 278 35 843 38 613 41 598 44 812 48 276 Middelplaas 4 415 4 617 4 973 5 358 5 772 6 218 Schulzendal 4 122 4 310 4 643 5 002 5 389 5 805 Langeloop 24 588 25 711 27 698 29 838 32 144 34 628 Aniva 779 815 878 945 1 019 1 097 Boschfontein 11 254 11 768 12 677 13 657 14 713 15 850 Skoonplaas 3 528 3 689 3 974 4 282 4 613 4 969 Jeppe's Rust 11 575 12 103 13 039 14 046 15 132 16 301 Magogeni 1 697 1 774 1 912 2 059 2 218 2 390 Buffelspruit 13 468 14 083 15 172 16 344 17 607 18 968 Schoemansdal North 2 704 2 827 3 046 3 281 3 535 3 808 Schoemansdal C 12 770 13 353 14 385 15 497 16 695 17 985 Schoemansdal 15 395 16 098 17 342 18 682 20 126 21 681 Jeppe's Reef 27 997 29 276 31 538 33 976 36 602 39 430 TOTAL 168 568 176 268 189 890 204 566 220 375 237 407
3 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
The 2007 GIS data was projected to 2037 at a constant growth rate of 1.5% which is in line with the Department of Water and Sanitation's (DWS) recommendation. According to the estimation, the current population of the Driekoppies Bulk scheme is 168 568.
2.2 Population and Growth Projections
The population projections for the study area are presented in Table 4 above. It is estimated that the population for the study area will increase from 168,568 in 2014 up to 237,407 by 2037. This projection forms the bases for the water demand estimation.
3 STATUS QUO 3.1 Existing Infrastructure
The study area has existing bulk water supply infrastructure consisting of 20Ml/d WTW, bulk pipelines and storage reservoirs. Water gravitates from the Driekoppies Dam into the Driekoppies WTW where it’s treated before being pumped into the storage reservoirs. With the major challenge being the capacity of the existing infrastructure, it is proposed that the existing infrastructure be augmented to meet the water demand. A schematic layout of the existing infrastructure is given in appendix 1.
3.1.1 Surface Water
The study area receives its water from the Driekoppies Dam, which is part of the Komati River Basin. There are several abstraction licenses for small schemes within the area to be serviced by the proposed Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme. Hence it can be assumed that there are licenses available. There will also be need for application for increased abstraction as the available licenses are not adequate for the twenty year demand projection.
3.1.2 Underground Water
The ground water aquifer characteristics of the Nkomazi boreholes are not currently available however, it is estimated in the Nkomazi Local Municipality WSDP that 12 829Ml are drawn from the underground aquifer annually. The WSDP document also states that the volume of borehole water extracted annually (12 829Ml/a. or 35.2Ml/d) for the entire Municipality is however negligible compared to the total annual surface water volumes. An extract of the borehole yields is presented under appendices as Table 24.
This concurs with the Reconciliation Strategy for Driekoppies which states that the geology and the topography of the area are such that there is some potential for ground water development. Even though there is no ground water that has been registered for the Driekoppies Water Supply Scheme, there is a potential for development of boreholes. However, looking at the borehole yields presented in the WSDP document, there is a big variation between borehole yields hence presenting as an un- reliable source of water. Nkomazi Local Municipality does not monitor nor report on the ground water status (WSDP 2012/13). An additional problem is the use of dry sanitation and the potential of contamination of ground water. A comprehensive study of the ground water development for the project needs to be carried out before the second phase of the project.
3.1.3 Water Treatment Works 3.1.3.1 Driekoppies Water Treatment Works
Driekoppies Treatment Works is located downstream of the Driekoppies Dam and on the right bank or eastern shores of the Mlomati River. GPS coordinates are: S 25°42'35.83" E 31°32'17.54"E GPS Elevation 319m Design Capacity is 20ML/day. Raw water abstraction is from Driekoppies Dam via 900mm Dia gravity main during normal and high dam levels and a pumping system for low level abstraction. Consists of conventional treatment method comprising settling, flocculation, settling, sand filtration and dosing are in use. High lift pumps for treated water pumping to Driekoppies Reservoirs, Middelplaas Reservoirs and Schoemansdal Reservoirs. Estimated to be treating 27ML/day of water in 2011.
4 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
3.1.3.2 Langeloop Water Treatment Works
A small packaged water treatment plant located North East of Langeloop village on the southern shores of the Mlomati River. GPS coordinates are S 25°40'19.20" E31°38'24.00" GPS Elevation 241m Currently sized at 1.8ML/day. Raw water abstraction is from the Mlomati River via submersible pumps mounted deep inside a concrete sump constructed on the southern banks of the river. Packaged plant comprising settling tanks, pressure filtration and chemical dosing. High lift pumps for treated water pumping to Langeloop Reservoirs for distribution into the village with an estimated 2011 average annual daily demand of 3.88ML/day. Estimated capacity is 1.5ML/day of treated water (2011)
3.1.3.3 Buffelspruit Off-River Abstraction and Package Plant
Direct pumping from the Mlomati River into reticulation in Buffelspruit, after chlorine dosing. A small sized package plant on the banks of the Mlomati river has recently been completed and due for commissioning in June 2015. GPS coordinates are S 25°40'41.84" E 31°32'17.76" GPS Elevation = 289m New package plant estimated at 2ML/day capacity.
3.1.3.4 Schoemansdal Off-River Abstraction
Direct pumping of raw water from the Mlomati River east of Schoemansdal North Village into the Shongwe Reservoir. GPS coordinates of pump station are: S 25°41'13.45" E31°31'22.16" GPS Elevation = 292m Chlorine dosing only applied at the Shongwe Booster Station.
3.1.3.5 Shongwe Hospital Water Treatment Works
A conventional type water treatment plant located at the Shongwe Mission Hospital in Schoemansdal. Water is pumped off the Ngugwane River from a pump station on the eastern banks of the river. GPS coordinates of WTW; S 25°41'7.81" E 31°29'31.48" GPS Elevation = 428m Current size approximately 1ML/day Dedicated supply to Hospital (350 bed ) Supplemented/back up from Shongwe Reservoir.
3.1.3.6 Summary of Water Treatment Works
The table below summarises the existing water treatment works under this report:
Table 5: Summary of Water Treatment Works WTW Location Village Supplied Design Capacity (Ml/d) Driekoppies, Boschfontein, Skoonplaas, Magogeni, Jeppe’s Rust Schulzendal, Driekoppies 20.0 Middelplaas, Schoemansdal, Jeppe’s Reef & Buffelspruit Langeloop Langeloop 1.8 Buffelspruit Off-River Buffelspruit 2.0 Schoemansdal Off-River Schoemansdal 1.0 Shongwe Hospital Shongwe Hospital 1.0 Total 25.8
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3.1.4 Storage
A combination of reinforced concrete (RC) ground level reservoirs and steel panel type ground and elevated tanks form the two main types of reservoirs in the area. This report covers mainly the RC ground reservoirs that are relevant to this study:
Table 6: Available Reservoir Storage Capacity Reservoir Reservoir Available Reservoir Village(S) Supplied Type Location Capacity (ML) Capacity (ML) Aniva, Boschfontein, Boschfontein 6.50 6.50 RC Skoonplaas Driekoppies Driekoppies 5.00 3.00 RC Jeppe’s Reef Jeppe’s Reef 4.20 3.70 RC Magogeni Jeppe’s Rust, Magogeni 3.00 3.00 RC Langeloop Langeloop 1.65 1.65 RC Middelplaas Middelplaas 2.50 2.00 Shongwe Hospital Back-up, Schoemansdal C Schoemansdal, Schoemansdal 4.00 4.00 RC C Buffelspruit, Schoemansdal Schoemansdal C 1.20 1.20 RC North Schulzendal Schulzendal 2.50 2.50 RC Shongwe Hospital 1.80 1.80 RC Hospital Buffelspruit Buffelspruit 1.00 1.00 RC
3.1.5 Bulk Pipelines
The existing bulk pipeline infrastructure is split into three distinct sections discussed below. Reference should be made to Figure 5.
1. Driekoppies WTW To Driekoppies Reservoirs And Booster A 450mm Dia GRP line transmits water from the WTWs to Driekoppies Reservoirs and Booster station. A 350mm GRP line then boosts water from this point to Boschfontein where it supplies Boschfontein and further boosted to Skoonplaas, Magogeni and Jeppe’s Rust. There is a 350mm Dia DI link between Driekoppies Reservoirs and Middelplaas Booster.
2. Driekoppies WTW to Middelplaas Reservoir A 200mm diameter uPVC transmits water to the Middelplaas Reservoirs from where it supplies Middelplaas Village and a Booster station. Water is then boosted from the Booster station via a 160mm diameter uPVC line to Schulzendal village.
3. Driekoppies WTW to Schoemansdal Reservoir A 350mm diameter GRP line transmits water from the treatment plant to the ground reservoirs in Schoemansdal Central and herein referred to as Shongwe Reservoir. Water is then boosted from this reservoir to Jeppe’s Reef village via two uPVC lines 160mm and 200mm Dia respectively. Water is also periodically boosted to Buffelspruit reservoir via a 200 Dia uPVC line and also to Shongwe Hospital via a 160mm Dia uPVC line. A 200mm Dia uPVC line branches off the main 350 GRP to supply Schoemansdal North reservoir.
4. Miscellaneous – 900mm diameter steel gravity main supplies water from the Driekoppies Dam to the Driekoppies WTW. A 250mm Dia AC rising main supplies water directly to Shongwe reservoirs from the Schoemansdal Off-River abstraction. 350mm diameter steel rising main supplies water from the Buffelspruit Off-River abstraction into a booster station in the village and directly into reticulation. A 160mm diameter uPVC rising main supplies water from the Ngugwane River pump station to Shongwe Hospital.
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3.1.6 Summary of Existing Pipelines
The table below summarises the existing pipelines relevant to this report:
Table 7: Summary of Existing Pipelines Reservoir/s Pipe size From To Type Supplied (mm) Driekoppies Dam Driekoppies WTW Driekoppies WTW 900 Steel Driekoppies WTW Driekoppies Reservoir Driekoppies 450 GRP Aniva, Driekoppies Booster Boschfontein Booster Boschfontein, 350 GRP Station Station Skoonplaas Boschfontein Booster Magogeni Magogeni 200/12 uPVC Station Middelplaas Booster Middelplaas Driekoppies Reservoir 350 GRP Station Booster Driekoppies WTW Middelplaas Reservoir Middelplaas 200/12 uPVC Middelplaas Booster Middelplaas Middelplaas reservoir 160/9 uPVC Station Booster Station Middelplaas Booster Schulzendal Schulzendal 160/16 uPVC Station Driekoppies WTW Shongwe Reservoir Shongwe 350 GRP Schoemansdal North Schoemansdal Rising Main Off-take 200/9 uPVC Reservoir North Reservoir Shongwe Hospital Shongwe Reservoir Shongwe Hospital 160/9 uPVC Reservoir
3.1.7 Reticulation/Distribution
There is an existing reticulation / distribution network that caters for almost 98% of the study area population. However, this study focuses on bulk water supply only hence no detailed description will be given in this report on reticulation infrastructure.
3.1.8 Electricity Supply
Existing infrastructure covers the bulk of the areas that will fall under the Driekoppies Regional Bulk Water Scheme hence infrastructure has been developed at all areas. New areas are to be added to the existing network and these include: Langeloop A reservoir will be established at Langeloop and will not need any power supply. Water supply to the reservoir is expected to be through gravity feed from the Boschfontein Booster Station.
Skoonplaas A new reservoir will be established at Skoonplaas as well as a bulk water supply pipeline. It is expected that water will be pumped from the Boschfontein booster station which already has power supply infrastructure established at the site. There will be enough capacity in the available transformer to power the additional pump to be installed.
Mhloshana A new reservoir is to be established Mhloshana Village with a booster station established in the Magogeni village. A new power connection point will have to be established for the Mhloshana Pumping station. The Magogeni village has a well-established electrical distribution network hence the establishment of the power supply point for the Booster Station is not expected to be a challenge.
Power requirements at different pumping stations have been estimated as presented below:
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Existing Required Item Description Transformer Size Transformer Size Driekoppies WTW Clear Water 1 1000kVA 580kVA Pump Station 2 Shongwe Booster Station 200kVA 79 kVA 3 Driekoppies Booster Station 315kVA 237kVA 4 Boschfontein Booster Station 315kVA 20 kVA 5 Magogeni Booster Station Non 17 kVA
4 DEMAND / NEED PARAMETERS 4.1 Service Levels (Volumetric)
The Daily Demand figure forms the basis of all demand computations from treatment works to conveyance and storage. Reference has been made to DWS, CSIR “red book” guidelines and the basic per capita consumption figures as presented in the Red Book extract below. Three demand levels (80, 120 and 150 l/c/d) were used in accordance with the annual household income levels.
Figure 2: Typical Consumption
Reference is made to Table 9 below for more details on the water demand calculations and split between the different levels of service. STATS SA census for 2011 was used in the determination of the different income levels. Three income brackets have been established in line with the Nkomazi Local Municipality’s Indigent policy and these are:
Table 8: Income Levels and Water Demands Item Annual Household Income - R Level of Service - l/c/d 1 0 – 19 600 80 l/c/d 2 19 601 – 153 800 120 l/c/d 3 153 801 and above 150 l/c/d
4.2 Demand Analysis
With the population estimated to increase from 176 259 in 2017 up to 237 396 by 2037, the annual average daily demand (AADD) has been estimated to be 17.91Ml/d by 2017 and will be expected to increase to 23.8M/d by 2037. However, the WTW have been sized to meet the summer peak demand
8 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
which has been calculated to be 34Ml/d in 2017 and is expected to increase to 45Ml/d by 2037. This takes into consideration the different demands according to the different income levels.
The water demand for institutions has also been incorporated into the Water Demand calculation presented below; water demands were based on the Red Book's estimate of demands per facility.
4.3 Calculation of Water Demand
9 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
Table 9: Water Demand Calculation
AADD GAADD SPD
Driekoppies Bulk mand
Water Scheme opulation
(l/c/d) (l/c/d)
Factor
Losses (10%) Losses
SummerPeak
WaterDemand WaterDemand
2017(Ml/d) 2037(Ml/d) 2017(Ml/d) 2037(Ml/d) 2017(Ml/d) 2037(Ml/d)
2017Per Capita 2037Per Capita
Distribution
WaterTreatment
2017P 2037Population
Losses(15%)
WaterDemand WaterDemand WaterDe WaterDemand WaterDemand WaterDemand Settlement Name Low (res.) 119 600 80 161 083 80 9.57 12.887 15% 10% 12.103 16.302 1.5 18.155 24.452 Medium (res.) 47 029 120 63 341 120 5.64 7.601 15% 10% 7.139 9.615 1.5 10.709 14.423 High (res.) 9 631 150 12 971 150 1.44 1.946 15% 10% 1.827 2.461 1.5 2.741 3.692 Institutions
Clinics 5 800 5 800 0.004 0.004 15% 10% 0.005 0.005 1.5 0.008 0.008 Hospitals 1 0.6 1 0.6 0.600 0.600 15% 10% 0.759 0.759 1.5 1.139 1.139 Schools - Primary 22 9450 22 9450 0.208 0.208 15% 10% 0.263 0.263 1.5 0.394 0.394 Schools - Secondary 8 6750 8 6750 0.054 0.054 15% 10% 0.068 0.068 1.5 0.102 0.102 Community Halls 5 3750 5 3750 0.019 0.019 15% 10% 0.024 0.024 1.5 0.036 0.036 Municipal and 2% 0.33 2% 0.45 0.33312 0.44867 15% 10% 0.4214 0.5676 1.5 0.6321 0.8513 Government Business and Industry business 1 37864 1 37864 0.038 0.038 15% 10% 0.048 0.048 1.5 0.072 0.072 Industry
Total 176 259 237 396 17.91 23.80 22.66 30.11 33.99 45.17
10 5 Design Philosophy 5.1 Demand 5.1.1 Design Criteria
The table below shows the design criteria used in this study. This was based on DWS guidelines:
Table 10: DWS Design Criteria Item Description Parameter 1 Design Horizon 20 Years 2 Population GIS 2007 3 House Occupancy 6 Persons 4 Growth Rate 1.5% p.a. 5 Design Water Usage 80, 120 and 150 l/c/d 6 Treatment Losses 10% 7 Conveyance Losses 15% 8 Summer Peak factor 1.5
5.2 Reservoirs 5.2.1 Design Criteria
All reservoirs have been sized to carry 48hrs storage of the supply area's Average Annual daily Demand (AADD), in line with the Red book and DWS guidelines for water supply into communities. Elevated tanks have been proposed solely for boosting of pressure for reticulation purposes and have been sized to carry four hour storage of the village’s AADD. This also is in line with the DWS’s guidelines. With 48hr storage having been allocated to a supply area, command and service reservoirs within communities have been sized to share the 48hr storage required per area. In general, where there is a command reservoir, service reservoirs have been sized to carry 36Hrs of AADD and the 12hrs storage will be contained in the command reservoir.
5.2.2 Proposed Reservoirs
The table below shows reservoirs that have been proposed for construction so as to satisfy the design criteria described above:
Table 11: Proposed Reservoirs Required Required Reservoir Location Village(S) Supplied Additional (ML) Additional (ML) By By 2027 2037 Driekoppies Driekoppies 3,9 5,3 Jeppe’s Reef Jeppe’s Reef 1,4 1,7 Langeloop Langeloop 2,8 3,5 Schoemansdal C Shongwe Hospital Back-up, 3,8 5,1 (Shongwe) Schoemansdal, Schoemansdal C Schoemansdal C Schoemansdal North 0,7 0,8 Buffelspruit Buffelspruit 1,6 2,0
5.3 Pipelines 5.3.1 Design Criteria
The table below summarises the design criteria adopted for bulk pipeline size computations
Table 12: Pipeline Design Criteria
1 Average Annual Daily Demand: AADD = Basic Demand
2 Total Losses: LF = 15% Pressure Criteria 3 - Minimum static head :12m - Maximum static head : 90m Flow Velocities 4 In accordance with CSIR: Rising mains 0.6 to 1.2ms-1 max.
Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
5.3.2 Pipelines
The pipes have been sized to carry a flow equal to 1.5 times the supply area’s Average Annual Daily Demand as per the Red Book recommendations.
To size the pipelines the following applied Program results cross checked by the Hazen Williams equation for flow in pipes. Friction losses kept at below 5kPA/100m of pipeline or not to exceed 30m head from source to discharge point. Maximum static head kept at 90m. Velocity maintained as close as possible to 1m/s. uPVC pipes have been specified for sizes up to 500mm diameter and mPVC pipes for sizes for 560mm and 630mm pipes.
5.3.3 Proposed Pipelines
The table below shows required pipelines by 2037 to meet the water demand:
Table 13: Proposed Pipe Sizes Existing AADD Required Pipeline Description Pipeline 2027 2037 Upgrade
Driekoppies WTW to Shongwe Off- 350 9.719 11.162 500 Take Point. Off-Take To Shongwe Reservoir 350 8.757 10.145 350 Shongwe Booster to Jeppe’s Reef 160&200 3.411 3.959 350
Driekoppies WTW to Driekoppies 450 10.949 12.681 560 Res. Driekoppies Res to Boschfontein 350 6.519 7.554 450 Reservoir Magogeni Res to Mhloshana Res 0.819 0.949 160 Boschfontein Booster to Skoonplaas 0.429 0.498 125 Boschfontein Booster to Langeloop 2.974 3.446 315 Res.
The following pipelines will be replaced since they have been report as being in a bad state hence will need to be replaced: Driekoppies WTW to Shongwe Off-take point Driekoppies WTW to Driekoppies Reservoir Driekoppies Reservoir to the Boschfontein Reservoirs
The above three pipelines have been reported as currently being in need of constant repair and maintenance. Breakdowns have been reported as being an average of 6 breakdowns per month per pipeline hence giving rise to the need to replace the pipelines as opposed to upgrading. A complaints register was also issued in support of this.
The Shongwe booster to Jeppe's Reef reservoirs pipeline currently consists of two pipelines in parallel - 160mm and a 200mm uPVC pipelines. The two pipes give a total flow area of 0.052m2; however there is a need for 0.069m2 of flow area. The additional required area of 0.017m2 can be met by installing a 160mm pipe along the two existing pipes. One pipe which can give the required flow area of 0.069m2 is a 350mm Dia pipeline. It is hereby proposed that a 350mm pipeline be installed as replacement and upgrade of the two existing pipeline. This is to cut on potentially high operation and maintenance costs of having three pipelines.
12 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
5.4 Water Treatment Works 5.4.1 Design Criteria
Table 14: WTW Design Criteria 1 Average Annual Daily Demand: AADD = Basic Demand 2 Gross Average Annual Daily Demand (GAADD): GAADD = AADD x Conveyance Losses 3 Conveyance Losses / % Total conveyance losses = 15% 4 Treatment Losses / % Treatment Losses = 10% 5 Summer Peak Factor Summer Peak factor = 1.5 6 Pumping Duration per Day - Hrs Pumping Duration = 20Hours
The above design criteria was adopted for this study, the above stated parameters are based on recommendations obtained from the Red Book.
5.4.2 Proposed WTW Developments
The water treatment works have been sized to meet the Summer Peak Demand, as calculated in the water demand calculation tables. It has been estimated that the summer peak demand will be 30.11Ml/d for 2017 and 45.2Ml/d for 2037. Therefore the proposal will be to upgrade the WTW in two phases, with the initial phase being the construction of a 10Ml/d by 2017 which will bring the total capacity to 33.8l/d, assuming that: Buffelspruit Package plant (2Ml/d) will be commissioned Langeloop Package Plant (1.8Ml/d) will be operational Schoemansdal Pumping Station will be decommissioned to discontinue the pumping of raw water into reticulation.
The next 10Ml/d module will have to be constructed as soon as the initial module is completed however, this will depend on availability of funds and available information on the water demand. There will be a need to also upgrade the pipelines and the reservoirs soon after upgrading the WTW hence the second 10Ml/d module will have to be implemented after the upgrade of the pipelines and the reservoirs.
Currently, water is being supplied form four different points: Driekoppies Water Treatment Works Langeloop Package Plant Buffelspruit Pumping Station Schoemansdal Pump station
However, the Schoemansdal Pumping station channels raw water into the Schoemansdal reservoir where chlorine is added. This treatment is not adequate to treat the raw water into potable water hence the Schoemansdal pump Station will have to be decommissioned. The rest of the schemes will be maintained and used as back up facilities till such time that they would have reached a state of disrepair. The ultimate goal will be to have one bulk water scheme which will provide potable water for the entire scheme hence benefit from the economics of scale.
5.5 Storage Requirements 5.5.1 Design Criteria
All reservoirs have been sized to carry 48hrs storage of the supply village’s Average Annual daily Demand (AADD) in line with the Red book and DWA guidelines for water supply into communities. Elevated tank, which have been proposed solely for boosting of pressure for reticulation purposes have been sized to carry four hour storage of the village’s AADD. This also is in line with the DWA’s guidelines. With 48hr storage having been allocated to a supply area, command reservoirs and service reservoirs within communities have been sized to share the 48hr storage required per area. In general, where there is a command reservoir, supply reservoirs have been sized to carry 36Hrs of AADD and the 12hrs storage will be contained in the command reservoir.
5.5.2 Proposed Reservoirs
Below is a list of reservoirs to be developed so as to meet the required twenty year storage capacity:
13 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
Table 15: Proposed Reservoirs Required Required Reservoir Location Village(S) Supplied Additional Additional (ML) By (ML) By 2027 2037 Driekoppies Driekoppies 3,9 5,3 Jeppe’s Reef Jeppe’s Reef 1,4 1,7 Langeloop Langeloop 2,8 3,5 Schoemansdal C Shongwe Hospital Back-up, 3,8 5,1 (Shongwe) Schoemansdal, Schoemansdal C Schoemansdal C Schoemansdal North 0,7 0,8 Buffelspruit Buffelspruit 1,6 2,0
5.6 Water Balance
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00 GAADD - Ml/d 15.00 Abstraction License 10.00
5.00
-
Figure 3: Study Area Water Balance
With the growing water demand, the abstraction licenses will have to be upgraded accordingly so as to be able to meet the potable water demand from the available raw water sources. From the above water balance, it can be concluded that the available licenses will be adequate till 2027 when water demand (GAADD) will equal the available abstraction license. Nkomazi local Municipality will have to apply for a new license which will allow for increased abstraction as from 2027 going forward.
5.7 Additional Water Sources
Nkomazi Local Municipality is authorised to abstract 9,646,240m3/a at different points of the Komati water Basin. Any water use above the current entitlements will have to be supplied from other sources. Several studies have been conducted in this regard and potential measures have been identified as: a) Water conservation and demand management. b) Transfer of agricultural allocations to domestic use with the total volume reduced in accordance with an agreed upon reduction factor (0.794) to account for the difference in assurance of supply. c) Augmentation of the water resource. The PRIMA study (TPTC, 2010) has recommended the construction of the Silingan Dam on the Komati River which will make additional water available for allocation.
5.8 Water Quality
A study of the quality of water available from the Driekoppies Dam was conducted to determine the suitability of the water. Below is an abstract of the report detailing the findings of this exercise. From
14 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
these findings it was concluded that the Driekoppies source was suited for the project and upgrading could proceed on the same source. The study covered two sites as shown. The Driekoppies portion is applicable to this report.
15 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
The extract below obtained from the Blue Drop report for 2012 shows that the Blue Drop Score for Nkomazi is not consistent but has been around 17% for two instances out of three with the third instant being 59.48%. According to the 2012 Blue Drop report, the Driekoppies Water Treatment plant failed to comply with the drinking water quality (DWQ) required in terms of the South African National Standard for drinking water (SANS 241). Little monitoring took place during the assessment period leading to the low score for 2012 when compared with the previous assessment. This indicates a drop in the quality of water services provided by the Municipality.
16 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
Table 16: Nkomazi LM Blue Drop Score
The quality problems could be linked to water treatment works operating above its design capacity. This project seeks to upgrade the water treatment works to meet demand and thereby operate optimally.
5.9 Land Survey
A Land survey was conducted to establish land ownership. This was carried out through a site visit during which the full plan was presented to the NLM Technical director followed by a visit to the different sites. All new pipelines will be established within existing servitudes except for the Boschfontein to Skoonplaas and Magogeni to Mhloshana pipeline which are new pipelines going through areas without servitude. The Boschfontein to Langeloop gravity pipeline will also be established within existing servitude since it will be established within the road reserve.
It was established that the land on which new servitude has to be established, belonged to the tribal authority hence authority was sort from the Tribal Authority. A verbal approval was given hence written agreement has been requested from the authorities and will be presented as soon as it’s available.
5.10 Geological Investigations
Geotechnical investigations have been carried out on all sites where concrete structures are to be developed. This includes sites for reservoirs and the Water Treatment Works. Results of the Geotechnical surveys have been availed together with the recommendations. Findings and recommendations from the Geotechnical investigations have been adopted in all planning processes.
17 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
5.11 Topographic Survey
Topographic surveys have been carried out for most of the pipelines to be developed. Attached herewith, are the long sections of pipelines to be installed along these servitudes. At detailed design stage, additional surveys might need to be carried out where pipeline routes might be changed
5.12 Surge and Water Hummer Analysis
Vento-mat Air Valves were specified for all valves to be used in the system as all Vento-mat Air Valves come integral with the surge and water hammer alleviation mechanism. To help determine sizing and positioning of valves, the Vento-mat CATT (Controlled Air Transfer Technology) Program was utilised. This is a sizing and positioning program developed by Vento-mat. All developed pipeline long sections were analysed using this software to check for critical points hence recommending remedial actions to mitigate negative impacts of surge and water hammer. The software would recommend valve types and size depending on the pipe hydraulics at the reference point. Detailed water hammer analysis will be done at detailed design. Result sheets for the analysis of one of the pipelines is attached here as appendix 4.
6 Engineering Viability 6.1 Options Analysis
Being implemented in already well established villages and communities, options where very limited besides utilising the existing in as far as practicable. The only notable option that was considered is the Langeloop supply line summarised below;
Option 1 – Supply from Driekoppies Reservoir Site Directly To Langeloop Reservoir Site. Pipeline will be pumping main going through privately owned land requiring servitude. One advantage that would be realised is the reduced pipeline size between Driekoppies and Boschfontein since the pipeline will no longer carry the Langeloop flow/demand. Again this route results in a shorter pipeline length - ±3Km shorter.
Option 2 – Supply from Boschfontein Reservoir Site Directly To Langeloop Reservoir Site. Gravity pipeline and traversing along road reserve with existing servitude. Disadvantage is that this route 3km longer and vulnerability to illegal connections as will pass through Aniva village.
Option 2 remains favourable at this stage.
Considerations that are notable to ensure that optimal choices were made included. 1. Water Treatment Works - selected site within existing demarcated area for the purpose and in close vicinity to the source with no requirement for new EIA’s.
2. Pipelines - all pipeline routes preferred to follow road reserves where servitudes are available and easily accessible even during maintenance. Depths kept within reasonable levels not to be too costly during construction and maintenance and not too shallow to encourage illegal connections.
3. Reservoirs All reservoirs sited in the highest points of villages to be served and where existing reservoirs are located.
4. Pump stations Preferred to be located in secure manned areas where power supply is available.
18 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
6.2 Cost Estimate
Table 17: Cost Estimate Cost Estimate Item Description Size Rate (R) 1 Preliminary and General 29 462 857.26
2 Reservoirs – Concrete Tank.
2.1 Mhloshana 1.0 1 800 000.00 1 800 000.00 2.2 Skoonplaas 1.0 1 800 000.00 1 800 000.00 2.3 Driekoppies 5.0 1 800 000.00 9 000 000.00 2.4 Jeppe’s Reef 2.0 1 800 000.00 3 600 000.00 2.5 Langeloop 3.5 1 800 000.00 6 300 000.00 2.6 Shongwe 5.0 1 800 000.00 9 000 000.00 2.7 Buffelspruit 2.0 1 800 000.00 3 600 000.00 2.8 Repair of Driekoppies Reservoir Sum 720 000.00 720 000.00
3 Pipelines
Cost Includes Supply and Installation
3.1 560mm mPVC including fittings 7 512 1 973.33 14 823 654.96 3.2 500mm mPVC including fittings 6 600 1 566.13 10 336 458.00 3.3 450mm mPVC including fittings 5 560 1 409.52 7 836 931.20 3.4 350mm uPVC including Fittings 4 954 831.25 4 118 012.50 3.5 315mm uPVC including Fittings 4 750 748.13 3 553 617.50 3.6 160mm uPVC including fittings 8 760 380.00 3 328 800.00 3.7 125mm uPVC including fittings 8 500 296.88 2 523 437.50 3.8 Miscellaneous @ 15% sum 6 978 136.75
4 Driekoppies WTW Upgrade 24 3 400 000.00 81 600 000.00
5 Pump station upgrades Sum 18 000 000.00
6 Electrical Sum 7 500 000.00
Sub-Total 225 881 905.67
7 Contingencies (10%) 22 588 190.57
Sub-Total Construction Cost 248 470 096.24 (present) 8 Basic Professional Fee @ 10% 24 847 009.62
Total Estimated Cost (excluding 273 317 105.86 VAT) 9 VAT (14%) 38 264 394.82
Total Estimated Cost (including 311 581 500.68 VAT)
19 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
7 O & M and Asset Management Plans
Preventative maintenance consists of the examination of components to see whether wear is taking place or faults are developing, followed by appropriate attention, renewal or adjustment of the parts involved. A maintenance program should be aimed at accomplishing the overall desired objective of preventing costly breakdowns or loss of effectiveness and efficiency. Such a program will involve several factors, such as: Regular periodic lubrication, inspection, cleaning and replacement of worn parts. Systematic distribution of maintenance operations so that such operations on different pieces of equipment will not fall due at the same time. Systematic scheduling of maintenance activities so that these will be done on a definite periodic basis. A record system should be implemented to avoid dependence on memory. Adjustments of the frequency of inspection/maintenance periods to fit conditions as operating experience dictates; Records to show date of maintenance, type of maintenance performed condition of equipment, repair parts used, and time spent on maintenance operation and costs.
The following routine tasks are guidelines to ensure that problems are noticed before becoming critical.
(a) Daily Checks
Keep the plant clean. Check all motors and gearboxes for any vibration or unusual noises. Check for any oil leaks on the gearboxes. Check for any water leaks Check the ammeter in the control panel for normal current readings. (Where possible)
(b) Monthly Checks
Check oil levels in gearboxes. Check if breather plugs are open to vent With a grease gun, inject grease into the grease nipples. Make sure nipples are clean before greasing. Check for visible signs of wear.
(c) 6 Monthly Checks
Repack grease by hand
(d) Yearly Checks
Drain gearbox oil and replace. Strip and clean chlorinator
(e) Every Three Years
Remove motors and overhaul completely. Remove gearboxes and overhaul completely. Replace applicable bearings.
Table 18: Maintenance Schedule: Typical Centrifugal Pump Oil Grease Other January Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug February Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug March Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug April Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug May Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug June Drain & Replace Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug
20 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
July Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug August Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug September Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug October Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug November Check Level Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug December Drain & Replace Top Up Grease Check Breather Plug
A maintenance schedule should be developed for every specific pump. This should be done in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation and in-house practices. It has to be scattered over the duration of the year to ensure that the plant continues to operate smoothly.
7.1 Operational Procedures
The successful operation of any treatment system depends on the physical day-to-day activities on site as well as a good record keeping, monitoring and management system. Even though every plant is unique and therefore needs a unique system, the following are general guidelines that would greatly improve the overall management of a treatment works.
7.2 Operator Duties
The operator needs to ensure the plant remains in a good condition. The following table indicates typical tasks relating to a system such as this one:
Table 19: Typical Tasks Relating to Water Treatment Plants Component Description Day Wk Mon Yr. Grounds Keep lawns tidy x Remove / Round-up weeds x Ensure gardens are tidy x Keep storm water channels clear x Ensure walkways are clean x Inspect fence x Pumps / Report any "Trip" situations x Motors Check motor / gearbox temperature x Listen for unusual noises at motor / gearbox x Ensure pumps / motors stay clean x Check for vibrations x Check for loose nuts / bolts x Check for water leaks x Check for wear on drive belts x Grease bearings via grease nipples x Open, Clean & Replace grease x Check oil level x Check for oil leaks x Replace Bearings (20 000 h) x Replace oil (2 yr. / 10 000 h) x Remove Submersible pump & check for x impellor wear (6mth) Check if electrical connections are x watertight (6mth) Offices / Pump Check lifting stations (6mth) x stations Check for leaks (glands to drip) x Check drainage pump x Check level switches x Keep tidy x Remove / Round-up weeds x Keep floors, windows, doors, pipe work x
21 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
clean Check fire fighting equipment x Clean electrical panels x Check paintwork x Calibrate Test Equipment x Raw Pump Check if inflow pipe/pump is submerged x Did pump run adequate hours? x Clean strainer x Control flow x Check float switches x Are Voltmeter readings constant x Flocculation Enough flocculent in storage tank x Mixing OK x Check pump x Dosage correct? Do stir test x Strip & Clean equipment x Flocculation Clean channel (Brush sides, Remove x Channels scum) Sedimentation Brush overflow weir x De-sludge x Check even flow distribution x Gravity Filters Check flow balancing x Backwash (Making use of correct x procedure) Check for holes in sand x Check for cracks / mud-balls x Check for sand in clean water x Chlorine Check for chlorine gas leaks x Dosage Adjust dosage x Check if chlorine detector is functional x Enough Chlorine on site x Check if extraction fan is functional x Strip & Clean chlorinator x Reservoir Flush x
The operator may need some assistance with certain tasks. In such a case, the operator should inform his supervisor of the work that needs to be done. Most of the tasks that needs to be performed on a regular basis by the plant operators will be included in a Plant Operation and Maintenance manual.
Another aspect in the operation of a treatment works is record keeping and monitoring. All available detail on site should be recorded, preferably on a daily basis. A competent operator, preferably the senior operator or plant inspector, should then interpret these records and ensure that corrective action is taken. Data that should be recorded includes: Flow meter readings (with the accompanying daily flow through the plant) Pump ammeter readings – these will indicate any change in pump operating conditions, especially on submersible pumps Pump hour meter readings
This information will prove of immense value in compiling regular reports on the plant and its performance. Any changes or changing trends in the operating conditions on site can be identified and corrective action taken before the situation gets out of hand. comprehensive Operation and Maintenance manuals were prepared for the previous phase of the project . On-going training of Operation and Maintenance personnel has to be strengthened periodically.
22 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
7.3 O & M Budget Required
Item Description HH Operation Maintenance Total O&M Cost 2011 2015 1 Water Treatment Works a Driekoppies WTW 378 444.09 477 776.94 - 2 Pipelines - Driekoppies Dam to 2.1 40 301 77 377.99 300 242.71 377 620.70 Driekoppies WTW 476 737.44 Driekoppies WTW to 2.2 17 293 44 097.98 129 699.95 173 797.94 Shongwe Off-Take Point. 219 415.89 Off-Take To Sch. North 2.3 646 9 695.56 15 874.86 25 570.41 Reservoir 32 282.06 Off-Take To Shongwe 2.4 16 647 42 449.74 124 852.17 167 301.91 Reservoir 211 214.81 2.5 Gravity Main to PS 16 647 42 449.74 124 852.17 167 301.91 211 214.81 Shongwe Booster to Jeppe’s 2.6 6 693 32 128.75 50 201.17 82 329.92 Reef 103 939.62 Shongwe Command to 2.7 3 220 15 455.58 28 045.43 43 501.01 Buffelspruit (gravity) 54 919.02 - Driekoppies WTW to 2.8 20 967 53 465.10 156 201.96 209 667.06 Driekoppies Res. 264 699.84 Driekoppies WTW to 2.9 12 772 32 567.72 95 787.40 128 355.11 Boschfontein Reservoir 162 045.37 Boschfontein Booster to 2.10 3 173 15 230.14 27 636.36 42 866.50 Magogeni Res. 54 117.97 Boschfontein Booster to 2.11 5 878 28 216.14 44 087.72 72 303.85 Langeloop Res. 91 281.95 - Driekoppies WTW to 2.13 2 041 9 796.81 17 777.13 27 573.94 Middelplaas Res 34 811.46 Middelplaas Res. to 2.14 2 041 9 796.81 17 777.13 27 573.94 Middelplaas Booster 34 811.46 Driekoppies Booster to 2.15 2 041 9 796.81 17 777.13 27 573.94 Middelplaas Booster 34 811.46 Middelplaas Booster to 2.16 985 14 782.14 24 203.29 38 985.43 Schulzendal 49 218.21 - - 3 Reservoirs - 3.1 Boschfontein 12 772 117 371.49 117 371.49 234 742.98 296 357.61 3.2 Driekoppies 20 967 192 684.03 192 684.03 385 368.06 486 518.30 3.3 Jeppe’s Reef 6 693 61 513.17 61 513.17 123 026.33 155 317.91 3.4 Magogeni 406 7 002.49 7 002.49 14 004.98 17 680.96 3.5 Langeloop 5 878 54 022.15 54 022.15 108 044.29 136 403.43 3.6 Middelplaas 1 056 9 700.28 12 560.76 22 261.04 28 104.06 3.7 Schoemansdal C 3 053 28 057.18 36 330.85 64 388.03 81 288.40 3.8 Schoemansdal C 3 053 28 057.18 36 330.85 64 388.03 81 288.40 3.9 Schulzendal 985 17 009.32 17 009.32 34 018.63 42 947.74 3.10 Shongwe Hospital 406 7 002.49 7 002.49 14 004.98 17 680.96 3.11 Buffelspruit 3 220 29 590.99 38 316.95 67 907.94 85 732.21 - 4 Pump Stations - Driekoppies WTW Pump 4.1 40 301 1 531 439.34 334 498.59 1 865 937.94 2 355 703.66 Station 4.2 Driekoppies Booster Station 12 772 485 322.81 106 004.72 591 327.53 746 537.38 4.3 Boschfontein Booster Station 10 081 383 081.66 83 673.10 466 754.76 589 267.13 4.4 Middelplaas Booster Station 985 37 448.09 8 179.45 45 627.54 57 603.72 - Total Operation and Maintenance Costs / Annum 6 092 570.74 7 691 730.19
23 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
It is estimated that Operation and maintenance costs for the Driekoppies scheme at 40Ml/d will be about R7.6mill according to MIG guidelines. The costs have been escalated to 2015 by applying 6% inflation per annum.
7.4 Human Resources Required
The Driekoppies WTW can be classified as Work Class C treatment plant. The table below shows the different skills requirements per work class:
With the Driekoppies WTW being a Class C plant, there will be a need for at least the following as a minimum for the operation of the WTW: 1 x Trainee 2 x Maintenance Workers with a maintenance certificate 1 x maintenance worker with at least five years’ experience 1 x Grade III supervisor and 1 x Grade IV weekly supervisor.
Below is a list of the staff responsible for the Driekoppies Water Treatment Works: 8 Process Controllers 1 Superintendent(Class III) 1 Senior Superintendent (Class IV) 12 Workers responsible for Maintenance
There are adequate personnel for the Operation and maintenance of the Driekoppies WTW when the requirements above are compared with the available labour at the WTW.
7.5 Assessment of Existing Human Resources of Benefiting Institution
It is acknowledged that there is a staff and skills gap for the effective operation and maintenance of water infrastructure in Nkomazi. Nkomazi Local Municipality has it on record within their IDP and has taken measures to address the gaps and fill up vacant positions. Short term measures are already in place which has enabled the Municipality to provide the services mainly through assistance from CoGTA and the Ehlanzeni DM. The use of Professional Engineering Service Providers for the high level skills demanding areas is in place and has gone a long way in alleviating this National challenge.
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The above is an extract of the Nkomazi LM WSDP 2012/2013 which shows the shortage in critical skills for the running of the Water Services. Of great concern is the number of available supervisors as compared to the number that should be available. There are 13 supervisors yet there is a need to have 140. This shows how under staffed the Nkomazi LM is. There will be a need for the Local Municipality to recruit more skilled labour to satisfy the Plant’s skill requirement for sustainable operation and maintenance.
7.6 Water Management Plan Associated with Project
1. The project seeks to introduce electro-magnetic flow meters into the network. The electromagnetic meters will be able to remotely send data collected on regular intervals, depending of power sources to a server where the Nkomazi Municipality will be able to access it as and when it’s needed. This will allow for the constant monitoring of the entire network and will help in understanding the network better.
2. The project also seeks to replace all old and worn out pipes with new ones which will improve the efficiency of the network since this will lead to the reduction in Non-Revenue Water. With the municipality preparing to start billing consumers, this will tie in well with the Municipality’s plans as they’ll have fewer losses.
3. It is also the intention of this project to introduce mechanisms to monitor water levels in the reservoirs so as to reduce losses from over flowing reservoirs. Maintenance of telemetry system has proved a challenge so far mechanical means will be incorporated in the design.
7.7 Strategy to Minimize Performance Failures of Proposed Project
1. All pump houses will be equipped with duty and stand by pumps so as to guard against long durations of system down time due to pump failure.
2. Comprehensive operation and maintenance plans will be presented to the Municipality which will include amongst other items, the man power needed for the operation and maintenance of the plant. The plans will also include in them, manuals for the operation of any new equipment introduced.
3. Staff will be trained for a couple of days on how best to operate the plant.
4. During the design phase, latest equipment will be specified so as to establish a plant of latest technology, however, where there won’t be any new equipment, equipment similar to the one in existence will be specified since the staff will be used to operating and maintaining that equipment.
7.8 Strategy on How to Optimize the Proposed Infrastructure
Since the infrastructure is to be developed in stages, demand will be monitored as more infrastructures are developed. Information collected will be used to assess proposed future developments. Flow meters will be installed during the first construction phase so as to be able to analyse the system as construction proceeds.
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7.9 Project Milestones and Phasing
A proposed draft project milestone and phasing diagram (Appendix 2 Table 23) has been included. Below is the summary of the phasing of the proposed works:
Table 20: Summary: Phasing of Proposed Works Phase Description 1 - Upgrade of WTW to 30Ml/d Capacity 2 - Upgrade of Reservoirs 3 - Upgrade of Pipelines and Pump Stations 4 - Upgrade of the WTW to 40Ml/d Capacity
It is proposed that works commence with the upgrade of the Driekoppies WTW by constructing a 10Ml/d module. This is to be followed by upgrade of reservoirs and pipelines respectively. Lastly, the Driekoppies WTW will then be upgraded to 40Ml/d capacity by constructing another 10Ml/d module.
8 Water Conservation and Demand Management
The National Water Audit requires the preparation of a WC/WDM strategy in order to achieve more efficient use of water. The purpose of the WC/WDM model strategies is to enhance the management of water services in order to achieve sustainable, efficient and affordable services to all consumers. The aim of the model strategies is to influence all functions and business plans related to water services. The emphasis of the model strategies is to influence water services to incorporate social, environmental, economic and technical considerations.
Water Conservation and Water Demand Management will not play any role in this project except in the sustainability of the project once construction is complete. This is because the water demand is based on population and not on measured quantities. However, there is a need for the municipality to implement WCWDM measures so as to maximise potential from the infrastructure to be developed and realise other benefits of implementing such. The water treatment production figures show that 25% more water above design capacity is being produced. The 25% could be due to water losses and/or illegal connections. Water Conservation and Water Demand Management Study will be conducted as a first step to implementing the project.
There is no active leakage control programme in place. The municipality reacts to complaints from consumers and implements leakage management programme. A large portion of the residential consumers are not billed. However, there are no zone meters for monitoring the bulk consumption with a view to conducting a comprehensive water audit. These will be required to determine the water delivered to the different zones, which can then be compared with the actual consumption from the consumer meters. This will assist the municipality to identify the supply zones and district meter areas (DMA) of high leakage and implement an active leakage control programme by carrying out leakage detection and repair work for each DMA where the leaks have been identified.
8.1 Water Conservation and Demand Side Management Options 8.1.1 Leakage and Wastage Reduction
Although a comprehensive network audit was not undertaken to determine leakage levels on bulk mains, distribution network and service storage for Driekoppies Area. The Driekoppies Reconciliation Strategy report estimates that about 40% of the system input volume is being lost in the system. There is no active leakage control programme to identify, and repair unreported leaks. An active leakage control programme will help reduce these losses.
Passive leakage control is practised reasonably effectively, but no active leakage control is practised and as a consequence leakage levels may be found to be high. The absence of district metering is an inhibitory factor, although it is nevertheless quite possible to practice active leakage up to a certain level without such meters.
To be able to identify leaks and to measure pressures within the water reticulation, it is necessary that the Municipality have staff who are trained in the identification and tracing of leaks and that the
26 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
Municipality have leak detection and pressure logging equipment. The Nkomazi Municipality does not have trained staff in their employment and do not have the necessary leak detection and pressure logging equipment.
8.1.2 Consumer Water Use Reduction
There is potential for implementing consumer water use reduction through instruments such as tariff structures and consumer awareness and education. Consideration should be given to implement a properly designed increasing block tariff (IBT) together with the water loss control measures. However, this is only efficient if billing and payment levels are high.
A dedicated Public information or awareness programme is not developed or implemented to raise and address consumer and end-use water demand. Nkomazi LM makes no provision for the implementation of water restrictions if/when required. It is perceived that such measures are quite effective in changing customer behaviour with respect to volume of water supply – and this measure result in reducing water use. These measures can be used as temporarily curtailment of use, although the impact on the customer’s attitude towards water saving is often longer term.
Two broad categories are defined in terms of ensuring the reduction of water demand by consumers: Influencing consumer behaviour by adopting approaches to reach the public and participate in school educational programmes aimed to highlight the need and benefits of initiating WC/DM strategies. Such programmes could include brochures, paid advertising, newsletters or magazine inserts demonstrations, exhibits, web pages, informative billing, etc. Assistance projects are interventions of best management practices such as plumbing leak repairs, retrofitting of dual-system toilets and grey water usage.
8.1.3 Rain Water Harvesting Options
Rain water harvesting can potentially benefit individual households and the municipality by reducing the water drawn from the Driekoppies Dam. It is recommended that rainwater harvesting be promoted as a demand management measure and implemented as an alternative source of water, particularly for gardening and possible use for flushing of toilets.
8.1.4 Ground Water Supply Options
Existing use of ground water resources is very limited in relation to the allocable volume for Driekoppies scheme Area. The very diverse borehole yields restrict the economic viability to exploit groundwater resources as primary supplies. However, the use of private owned boreholes for gardening purposes should be promoted to collectively reduce municipal water use.
8.1.5 Zoning and Pressure Regulation
There are not indications that pressure-reducing valves down-stream of the reservoirs or in the supply zones are installed. These devices will ensure that the pressure in the distribution system remain constant at different settings in the network and connection points. This reduces background losses in the network due to high static pressures at night. The pressure-reducing valves could be set at a lower constant pressure to reduce the background losses even more in some of the supply zones.
9 INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY 9.1 Organisations and leadership profiles
Below is the Leadership profile of Nkomazi LM in hierarchical order:
1. Executive Mayor - Cllr Thulisile Khoza with the Mayoral Team 2. Municipal Manager - MR. MD Ngwenya with Executive Managers 3. Ward Councillors
27 Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
The objectives of the Traditional Leaders are to work closely with Council and other grassroots structures to identify all the important priority issues and facilitate community consultation in such communities in collaboration with ward councillors.
9.2 Community Structures
Below is an extract of the Municipal Hand book showing the demographics for the entire Nkomazi Local Municipality. On 7% of the population has flush toilets connected to a sewerage and 21% of the entire population have tape water connected in the house. however, an estimated 83% of the population has electricity for lighting. This shows that there is still high back logs in service delivery within the Nkomazi Local Municipality.
9.3 Income level and sources of income
According to the Nkomazi Indigent policy, any household with an income of R1, 800 per month or less, is considered to be poor. Household incomes for the study area are as presented below:
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Annual Household Monthly Household Number Percentage Income Income No income No income 16179 19% R 1 - R 4800 R 0 - R 160 678 1% R 4801 - R 9600 R 161 - R 320 12258 14% R 9601 - R 19 600 R 321 - R 653 22111 25% R 19 601 - R 38 200 R 654 - R 3 183 19044 22% R 38 201 - R 76 400 R 3 184 - R 6 366 9068 10% R 76 401 - R 153 800 R 6 367 - R 12 816 5374 6% R 153 801 - R 307 600 R 12 816 - R 25 633 334 0% R 307 601 - R 614 400 R 25 634 - R 51 200 1475 2% R 614 001 - R 1 228 800 R 51 167 - R 102 400 332 0% R 1 228 801 - R 2 457 600 R 102 401 - R 204 800 132 0% R 2 457 601 or more R 204 801 or more 101 0% Unspecified Unspecified 8 0% Total 87 094 100%
Table 21: Household Income
No income R 1 - R 4800 R 4801 - R 9600 R 9601 - R 19 600 R 19 601 - R 38 200 R 38 201 - R 76 400 R 76 401 - R 153 800 R 153 801 - R 307 600 R 307 601 - R 614 400 R 614 001 - R 1 228 800
Figure 4: Monthly Household Income
From the demographics above, it is clear that the study area is a relatively poor community with about 60% of the households earning a monthly income below the poverty datum. However, over half of the population is economically active and more than 95% has access to clean drinking water and water borne flush toilet. This is good for the health of the community however poses a challenge to the municipality on revenue collection since almost half of the households earn below the poverty datum. However, the effect on the revenue collection is expected to be minimal since almost half of the water is utilised in industry and other income generating facilities.
9.4 Community Involvement
The WSA is using the IDP process to inform communities about developments. One of the main features about integrated development planning process is the involvement of community and stakeholder organizations in the process. Participation of affected and interested parties ensures that the municipality addresses the real issues that are experienced by the citizen of Nkomazi Municipality.
The democratically elected stakeholders are involved in the public participation process. However, to improve the effectiveness of the process, the participation is split in two ways: Identifying of stakeholders, experts or professional bodies in communities. Identifying of local representatives on grass-roots level through ward councillors.
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The process follows the following route: Identification of all relevant participants per sector and per ward to inform them of the IDP processes. Nomination of councillors responsible for the IDP as well as responsible committees. Advertising broadly through the local press for any stakeholders to identify themselves. Initiation of general consultative meetings of each critical step for the process of the IDP in order to gain fair consensus on the finding. Workshop of sectorial plans at each critical step, with all relevant local stakeholders per ward through the ward councillors.
The participation strategy addresses the following issues: Available resources for participation Roles of different role-players during the participation process (e.g. councillors, the IDP Steering Committee, the IDP Representative Forum, other officials, consultants, etc.) Appropriate participation tools Means of information dissemination Means of eliciting and collecting community needs (including documentation of participation inputs) Time frames to allow responses, comments, inputs Means of encouraging representation of unorganized groups Frequency of meetings / workshops Appropriate venue for the meetings / workshops All efforts will be made to comply with the legal requirements of Public Participation.
9.5 Water Service Authority 9.5.1 Responsibility
Nkomazi LM is the authorized Water Services Authorities (WSA) and as such the relevant sections of the Water Services Act (No 108 of 1997) and the Municipal Systems Act (No 32 of 2000) must be adhered to.
Section 11 of the Water Services Act states, that:
1. Every WSA has a duty to all consumers or potential consumers in its area of jurisdiction to progressively ensure efficient, affordable, economical and sustainable access to water services. 2. This duty is subject to: a. the availability of resources; b. the need for an equitable allocation of resources to all consumers and potential consumers within the authority’s area of jurisdiction; c. the need to regulate access to water services in an equitable way; d. the duty of consumers to pay reasonable charges, which must be in accordance with any prescribed norms and standards for tariffs for water services; e. the duty to conserve water resources; f. the nature, topography, zoning and situation of the land in question; and g. The right of the relevant water services authority to limit or discontinue the provision of water services if there is a failure to comply with reasonable conditions set for the provision of such services. 3. In ensuring access to water services, a water services authority must take into account, among other factors: a. alternative ways of providing access to water services; b. the need for regional efficiency; c. the need to achieve benefit of scale; d. the need for low costs; e. the requirements of equity; and f. The availability of resources from neighbouring water services authorities. 4. A water services authority may not unreasonably refuse or fail to give access to water services to a consumer or potential consumer in its area of jurisdiction.
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5. In emergency situations a water services authority must take reasonable steps to provide basic water supply and basic sanitation services to any person within its area of jurisdiction and may do so at the cost of that authority. 6. A water services authority may impose reasonable limitations on the use of water services.
Section 12 of the Water Services Act states, that: 1. Every water services authority must, within one year after the commencement of this Act: a. as part of the process of preparing any integrated development plan in terms of the Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act No. 209 of 1993); or b. separately, if not process contemplated in paragraph (a) has been initiated, prepare; i. a draft water services development plan (WSDP) for its area of jurisdiction; and ii. A summary of that plan. 2. The Minister may extend the one-year period in respect of a water services authority in consultation with the Minister of Provincial Affairs and Constitutional Development and the relevant Province.
Section 13 of the Water Services Act states, that: 1. Every draft water services development plan must contain details a. of the physical attributes of the area to which it applies; b. of the size and distribution of the population within that area; c. of a time frame for the plan, including the implementation programme for the following five years; d. of existing water services; e. of existing industrial water use within the area of jurisdiction of the relevant water services authority; f. of existing industrial effluent disposed of within the area of jurisdiction of the relevant water services authority; g. of the number and location of persons within the area who are not being provided with a basic water supply and basic sanitation; h. regarding the future provision of water services and water for industrial use and the future disposal of industrial effluent, including i. the water services providers which will provide those water services; ii. the contracts and proposed contracts with those water services providers; iii. the proposed infrastructure necessary; iv. the water sources to be used and the quantity of water to be obtained from and discharged into each source; i. the estimated capital and operating costs of those water services and the financial arrangements for funding those water services, including the tariff structures; j. any water services institution that will assist the water services authority; k. the operation, maintenance, repair and replacement of existing and future infrastructure; l. Of the number and location of persons to whom water services cannot be provided within the next five years, setting out i. the reasons therefore; and ii. the time frame within which it may reasonably be expected that a basic water supply and basic sanitation will be provided to those persons; and m. Of existing and proposed water conservation, recycling and environmental protection measures. Over and above the Water Services Act, the Municipal Systems Act, supports and confirms the requirements in terms of the Water Services Act, specifically also the following sections:
Section 73 of the Municipal Systems Act, states that: 1. A municipality must give effect to the provisions of the Constitution and a. give priority to the basic needs of the local community; b. promote the development of the local community; and c. Ensure that all members of the local community have access to at least the minimum level of basic municipal services. 2. Municipal services must a. be equitable and accessible; b. be provided in a manner that is conducive to
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i. the prudent, economic, efficient and effective use of available resources; ii. the improvement of standards of quality over time; c. be financially sustainable; d. be environmentally sustainable; and e. be regularly reviewed with a view to upgrading, extension and improvement
Section 76 and Section 77 of the Municipal System Act, states that when providing a municipal service, the authority (municipality) must consider the mechanism of delivery.
Section 78 of the Municipal Systems Act, states the manner to decide the mechanisms, specifically Section 78 of the Municipal Systems Act, states the manner in which a municipality should decide on the mechanism to provide a municipal service; a. When a municipality has in terms of section 77 to decide on a mechanism to provide a municipal service in the municipality or a part of the municipality, or to review any existing mechanism it must first assess: the direct and indirect costs and benefits, associated with a project if the service is provided by the municipality through an internal mechanism, including the expected effect on the environment and on human health, well-being and safety; b. the municipality’s capacity and potential future capacity to furnish the skills, expertise and resources necessary for the provision of the service through an internal mechanism mentioned in section 76(a); c. the extent to which the re-organization of its administration and the development of the human resource capacity within that administration as provided for in sections 51 and 68, respectively could be utilized to provide a service through an internal mechanism mentioned in section 76 (a); d. The likely impact on development, job creation and employment patterns in the municipality; and the views of organized labour; and it may take into account any developing trends in the sustainable provision of municipal services generally.
9.5.2 Status and Proficiency
As the WSA, Nkomazi LM is responsible for the development of a WSDP: The WSDP contains details as per requirements of Section 13 of the Water Services Act of how the Nkomazi LM plans to implement, manage and control the water services development goals set by the WSA. The proposed scheme will be incorporated into the WSDP by the responsible WSDP Team, clearly defining the planned methodology for implementing and managing the proposed water supply scheme.
9.5.3 Status and proficiency of the Selected Water Services Provider (WSP)
Nkomazi Local Municipality is currently both the WSA and WSP, and is the WSP for their area of jurisdiction. The WSP function is being provided by the Municipality to all its consumers who reside in the supply area. In its current format, the WSP is not only responsible for the water and sanitation service, but all the other services provided by the Municipality such as roads, storm water and refuse collection etc. Nkomazi Local Municipality is currently providing water services by way of a centralized internal mechanism structured as a division of the Technical Services Department. There is no separate staff for water and sanitation, staff members are responsible for both water and sanitation responsibilities. The internal service delivery mechanism depends on other departments to deliver other aspects of the water services, such as treasury, and human resources support.
9.5.4 Consumer / Customer Relationship
Consumers’ experience of the delivery of water services is not restricted to what level of service they receive, but includes the quality of service rendered. If consumers are satisfied with the quality of service, they are more likely to be prepared to pay for the services they receive. With regards to customer services for water and sanitation related issues, the WSA makes use of a call centre where consumers report their complaints. The call centre operates during normal working hours. Calls received after hours are diverted to a standby number. The WSA has qualified plumbers on standby. Calls received are recorded in a register and relayed to the Water Works Superintendent, who is responsible to ensure that the complaints are attended to immediately. The WSA reports quarterly to the Council on the number of complaints received, location and the time it took to attend to the complaints.
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9.5.5 Water Use Registration (DWS)
The Nkomazi local Municipality has several Water use licenses for the different schemes which will fall within the Driekoppies Bulk Water Supply scheme as shown below:
Table 22: Available Water Licenses WATER REGISTERED DWA FILE REGISTERED REGISTERED SUB- WATER REGISTRATION USE VOLUME NUMBER WATER USER SCHEME RESOURCE NUMBER NO. (m³/A)
1 LANGELOOP LOMATI 1,325,000
2 BUFFELSPRUIT LOMATI 2,838,240 DWAF MPUM: 24058332 27/2/2/X14G/008 DRIEKOPPIES 3 DRIEKOPPIES A&B LOMATI 3,145,000 SCHEME 4 SCHOEMANSDAL NORTH LOMATI 568,000
5 SHONGWE LOMATI 1,770,000
TOTAL FOR DRIEKOPPIES SCHEME 9,646,240
There is no one license that allows for the abstraction of the required volume from the Lomati River however by combining the licenses for the different schemes as shown in the table above, 9 646 240m3/a will be available for this development. This translates to 26.43Ml/d, when compared with the 2017 GAADD (22.66Ml/d) and the 2037 GAADD (30.11Ml/d) shows that the above licenses will be adequate till sometime around 2027 when more allocations will have to be made available to the scheme. However, there will be a need for Nkomazi Local Municipality to apply for one license which will be able to be used to meet the full scheme demand. LCE is to assist Nkomazi Local Municipality with the application for combining the available licenses into one.
10 FINANCIAL VIABILITY 10.1 Funding Sources 10.1.1 Capital Investment
Funding for the capital cost of the Bulk Water Infrastructure components of the project will be obtained from the Regional Bulk Infrastructure Grant Programme. The RBIG programme however funds infrastructure to a service level of 80l/c/d. The remainder of the capital required for this project will be funded by the Nkomazi LM from their capital budget and alternative funding mechanisms.
10.1.2 Long Term Operation and Maintenance
It is expected that Operation and maintenance costs will be covered by revenue collection in the long run. The proposed new bulk infrastructure was designed for a 20 year period to meet the 2037 demand requirements of the various areas under consideration. The proposed new infrastructure is divided into the following three main categories:
Civil Components Electrical Components Mechanical Components
It is of utmost importance that the new infrastructure be included in a coordinated maintenance schedule in an effort to extend the life expectancy of the bulk supply system and to optimize the operation of the system. The development and implementation of a maintenance schedule will be the responsibility of the WSA. Funding for the implementation of the schedule needs to be prioritized by the WSP in their Infrastructure Development Plan (IDP) in an effort secure a sufficient maintenance budget.
10.1.3 Cost Recovery
With the Nkomazi Lm planning to implement cost recovery in the study area, it is expected that the operations and maintenance costs will be recovered from consumers through the existing Nkomazi Local Municipality's billing system for water consumed and municipal rates and taxes.
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11 Environmental Acceptability 11.1 Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)
The implementation of a Bulk Regional Water Supply Scheme will trigger various activities as listed in the Environmental Conservation Act of 1989. A specialist environmental consultant was appointed on behalf of EDM to conduct a detailed investigation on the study area and to advice on the necessary phases and procedures to be followed as per the environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998). The appointed specialist was responsible for the submission of applications and this project has received the environmental authorisation for implementation. Records of Decision are attached under appendices for reference.
11.2 Social and Socio Economic Opportunities
As a Regional Bulk Water Supply Scheme the proposed project conforms to the goals and objectives of the WSDP’s and IDP’s of the Nkomazi Local Municipality and Ehlanzeni District Municipality in supplying sustainable potable water. This project will enhance the social economic status of the Driekoppies supply area by contributing to the development of economic opportunities on both business and agricultural levels.
34 12 Appendices Figure 5: Schematic layout of Existing Infrastructure
Driekoppies Bulk Water Scheme Preliminary Design Report 2015
Appendix 2 Table 23: Draft Program of Works 2016/2017 Financial Year 2017/2018 Financial Year 2018/2019 Financial Year 2019/2020 Financial Year 2027/2028 Financial Year 2 Description JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR0 MAY JUN JUL AUG T T T T T Upgrade of WTW - 12Ml/d Detailed Design Licenses Design Review Tender Documentation Tender Tender Adjudication Appointment Construction Commissioning
Upgrade of Reservoirs Detailed Design Design Review Tender Documentation Tender Tender Adjudication Appointment Construction Commissioning
Upgrade of Pipelines and Pump Stations Detailed Design Design Review Tender Documentation Tender Tender Adjudication Appointment Construction Commissioning
Upgrade of WTW - 12Ml/d Detailed Design Licenses Design Review Tender Documentation Tender Tender Adjudication Appointment Construction Commissioning
36 Appendix 3
Table 24: Nkomazi LM Borehole Yields per Annum No. Annual Abstraction - m3/a 1 35 040,00 2 349 086,00 3 349 524,00 4 1 047 258,00 5 349 086,00 6 611 010,00 7 8 188 340,00 9 188 340,00 10 111 690,00 11 230 388,00 12 57 378,00 13 261 924,00 14 345 582,00 15 111 690,00 16 25 842,00 17 45 990,00 18 139 722,00 19 261 924,00 20 103 806,00 21 15 768,00 22 2 325 780,00 23 251 412,00 24 698 172,00 25 35 040,00 26 104 682,00 27 1 047 258,00 28 77 964,00 29 2 332 350,00 30 1 046 820,00 31 64 386,00 32 15 768,00 Total 12 829 020,00
Appendix 4 - Vento Mat results Sheet for Surge and water Hammer Analysis
Appendix 5 - Long Sections of Pipelines
13 References 1. Nkomazi LM WSDP - Water Services Development Plan (WSDP) 2009 – 2010 May 2010 2. Nkomazi LM WSDP - Water Services Development Plan (WSDP) 2012 – 2013 May 2010 3. Nkomazi LM IDP - Nkomazi Municipality Integrated Development Plan (IDP) for Financial Year 2013/2014 4. Driekoppies Reconciliation Strategy - Reconciliation Strategy for Driekoppies Town Area consisting of Nkomazi Local Municipality by Water for Africa. June 2011 5. CSIR Redbook - Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design by CSIR 2005 6. STATS SA Census 2011 - http://interactive.statssa.gov.za/superweb/login.do 7. Municipal Demarcation Board - http://www.demarcation.org.za/ 8. The Local Government Handbook - http://www.localgovernment.co.za/locals/view/150/nkomazi-local- municipality