LINFAN MAO SMARANDACHE MULTI-SPACE THEORY (Partially post-doctoral research for the Chinese Academy of Sciences) HEXIS Phoenix, AZ 2006 Linfan MAO Academy of Mathematics and Systems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080, P.R.China
[email protected] SMARANDACHE MULTI-SPACE THEORY HEXIS Phoenix, AZ 2006 This book can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) 300 N.Zeeb Road P.O.Box 1346, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346, USA Tel:1-800-521-0600(Customer Service) http://wwwlib.umi.com/bod Peer Reviewers: Y.P.Liu, Department of Applied Mathematics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R.China. F.Tian, Academy of Mathematics and Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei- jing 100080, P.R.China. J.Y.Yan, Graduate Student College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R.China. E.L.Wei, Information school, China Renmin University, Beijing 100872, P.R.China. Copyright 2006 by Hexis and Linfan Mao Phoenix United States Many books can be downloaded from the following Digital Library of Science: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/˜ smarandache/eBooks-otherformats.htm ISBN: 1-931233-14-4 Standard Address Number: 297-5092 Printed in the United States of America Preface A Smarandache multi-space is a union of n different spaces equipped with some different structures for an integer n 2, which can be used both for discrete or ≥ connected spaces, particularly for geometries and spacetimes in theoretical physics. We are used to the idea that our space has three dimensions: length, breadth and height; with time providing the fourth dimension of spacetime by Einstein.