the PRI MER Summer 2010 Volume 7 Issue 3

The Future of Sequencing: also in this issue

Revisiting Kansas Sequencing the stinkbird ...... 2

BY MASSIE SANTOS BALLON annual meeting held June 2-4, Biomass: guidance vs. mandate ...... 3 The Sequencing, Finishing, 2010: “We’re not in Kansas Finishing: no end in sight ...... 5 Analysis in the Future Meeting anymore, and yet we are.” first convened in Santa Fe, Addressing a record crowd Notable publications ...... 6-7 New Mexico five years ago. of 250 attendees, Fraser-

Back then, the conference title Liggett discussed current P h o t was much shorter, and the sequencing technologies and o b y

crowd in attendance much applications while revisiting A r m i smaller. issues raised long before the n H a l

The 2006 Meeting primarily first SFAF meeting ever con - l m a n

focused on genome finishing vened, and these questions , U n i

technologies and how new were echoed by other v e r s i

sequencing technologies would researchers over the course of t y o impact them. Over the years, the Meeting. f B i e l the Meeting's focus has For example, Fraser-Liggett e f e l d

moved from simply genome noted that the importance of , G e

Tracking Algal Complexity r

finishing to how next genera - finishing a genome is still m a n

tion sequencing technologies being debated years after it y have affected genomics over - was originally raised. The U.S. Department of be engineered to do what we all in assembly, finishing, “Is genome finishing feasi - Energy has been pursuing a want, such as make biofuels annotation and analysis. ble? We’re back in Kansas diversified approach toward or other products, rather than Claire Fraser-Liggett sum - revisiting the same issues we developing carbon-neutral what they typically do, which is marized the current state of had 15 years ago,” she said. transportation fuels. One con - grow and make more copies of genomic research succinctly in [For a discussion of finishing, tribution that may inform biofu - themselves.” her opening keynote of the 5th see sidebar cont. on page 4 els research is reported in the The Volvox genome was July 9 issue of Science , where compared with that of its close researchers led by the DOE relative, the unicellular alga Joint Genome Institute (JGI) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Salk Institute present the whose genome was made full genome of Volvox carteri, a available three years ago by multicellular alga. the DOE JGI. What the team “What’s particularly intrigu - found, according to DOE JGI ing about Volvox is that it has bioinformaticist and co-first learned how to selectively turn author Simon Prochnik, is “an down photosynthesis or chan - astonishing lack of innovation” nel it to support another cell in the Volvox genome when type,” said DOE JGI collabora - compared with Chlamydomonas . SFAF organizers (left to right): Chris Detter, DOE JGI/LANL; Donna tor and co-first author Jim Umen “This really changed the notion Muzny, Baylor College of Medicine; Jessica Hostetler, J. Craig at the Salk Institute. “While we of how complicated it is to Venter Institute; Mike Fitzgerald, Broad Institute; Johar Ali, Ontario don’t yet understand this trait become multicellular,” he said. Institute for Cancer Research; Darren Grafham, Sanger Institute; well, it could factor into how “The notion that ‘if you’re David Bruce, LANL; Patrick Chain, DOE JGI/LANL. Not pictured: Alla Lapidus, DOE JGI and Bob Fulton, Washington University. photosynthetic organisms can small, you’re cont. on page 8 2 / the PRIMER Summer 2010 Volume 7, Issue 3

Stinkbird Guts Promise Cleaner Fuel Future

Photo by M.G. Dominguez-Bello, University of Puerto Rico BY NICHOLAS WRIGHT The Amazon’s hoatzin is a crested bird with a blue face, red eyes and a cow’s stomach. Better yet, it is surrounded by the scent of manure. Postdoctoral researcher Filipa Godoy-Vitorino thinks the hoatzin seems “like a Dr. Seuss bird.” Regardless of what it looks or smells like, this strange bird could provide bioenergy researchers with novel enzymes that can to profile the microbiota in the fiber and break down plant bio mass for use in mak - epithelial fractions of the crop previous to ing cellulosic biofuels. select samples for metagenomics analyses Godoy-Vitorino managed to stumble based on community stability and pres - upon this incredible bird without being led ence of potential fiber-degrading species. by Dr. Seuss’ Lorax. Instead she was Filipa Godoy-Vitorino studies the only known The project promises to provide infor - immediately drawn into the prospect when folivorous bird — the hoatzin. mation about cellulose biodegradation it was described to her by microbial ecolo - unique to the hoatzin’s gut, highlighting gist Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello at the gic focus of the U.S. Department of Energy. mechanisms not found in the cow’s gut. University of Puerto Rico, where she did Godoy-Vitorino’s Ph.D. work on the charac - “The hoatzin’s dietary leaves have bio - her Ph.D work. terization of the crop bacterial biota through chemical compounds (secondary metabo - At the core of the hoatzin’s digestive 16S cloning and PhyloChip found novel lites), which are very toxic to the host. So processes is its crop, an organ analogous cellulolytic-like bacterial lineages. Based these microbes are capable of degrading to the cow’s rumen, and the only one of on these findings, in 2008 Dominguez- these phytotoxins. Since cows don’t eat its kind thus far found in a bird. Unlike Bello proposed that the DOE JGI sequence these different types of leaves and are other birds, the folivorous hoatzin eats the hoatzin foregut contents under the restricted to grasses we believe that there mostly young leaves. Its crop, about the Community Sequencing Program (CSP). must be a really unique community that is size of a tennis ball, is huge for the gut of To study the hoatzin, Godoy-Vitorino able to degrade these toxic compounds,” a bird. traveled to Venezuela, where collaborating said Godoy-Vitorino. u

s In a manner similar to the rumen, the scientists from the Venezuelan Institute of Comparisons between the microbial e r continuously fermenting crop delays pas - Scientific Research (IVIC) and experts in diversity and metagenomic data from the p

r sage of the digesting contents, allowing the hoatzin physiology helped her track hoatzin crop to those of ruminants (includ - o f for the fiber and dietary protein to be sol - down the birds. The hoatzin make their ing the cow) and other bird guts could be i l e ubilized by microorganisms so the main nests relatively close to the ground along of great interest to population biologists, protein intake by the host is a result of rivers; they’re short distance flyers due to and will improve the understanding about the lysis of crop bacterial cells by the gas - their heavy stomach and chicks dive into the extent to which microbial communities tric lysozyme of the bird’s acidic stomach. the water to avoid predators, returning to are shaped by hosts, as well as by organ Digestive fermentation allows the hoatzin the nests with the help of their wing function and substrates. After the publica - to be a unique browsing bird and therefore, claws. Thus far, Godoy-Vitorino, now an tion of this preliminary community struc - the crop harbors an impressive portfolio NSF postdoctoral fellow hosted by Phil ture data, Godoy-Vitorino said, the of previously uncharacterized microbes, Hugenholtz* and more recently Susannah metagenome is next, as they look to pro - which could contain novel enzymes (in Tringe’s group at the DOE JGI, has had vide a more conclusive picture of the over - particular through transcriptomics) that samples from 16 birds — both chicks and all function of the gut. degrade plant cell walls. adults — sequenced using the Roche 454 The prospective novel cellulolytic platform, generating about 125 million base *Hugenholtz is now Professor and Director enzymes may become useful for bioenergy pairs so far. The aim of the 454 pyrotags of the Australian Center for Ecogenomics production from waste biomass, a strate - (used for sequencing 16S rRNA genes) is at the University of Queensland (Australia). the PRIMER / 3 Summer 2010 Volume 7, Issue 3

Standardizing biomass

BY MASSIE SANTOS BALLON University of California, Davis, the talks process — and the goal is to have most The California Biomass Collaborative’s focused on the challenges of sustainably growers do so — was based on his decades Seventh Annual Forum made it clear: extracting biomass from a variety of of experience in the forestry industry. California has a lot of biomass waiting to sources to make cellulosic ethanol a In California, he said, the state forest be converted, and these aren’t just agri - viable competitor against petroleum. practice laws were avoided because so cultural residues. Many of the talks concerned standards much land is under a voluntary sustain - For example, according to the Central to ensure that the biomass is processed ability standard. “The state determined Valley Water Quality Control Board, in a manner that does not adversely there was no need to regulate,” Heissenbuttel California’s Central Valley has 1.6 million impact the environment and can be used said, “which saves money. If you can regu - cows that each produce 112 lbs of manure by the biofuel production facilities. But late yourself, save the state money and a day. According to CalRecycle, the state while most of the discussion featured avoid the cookie cutter approach.” agency in charge of recycling and waste standards that would be imposed on Another advantage of opting in would be reduction, of the more than 20 million groups and industries, one of the presen - driven by market preference. Heissenbuttel tons of organic matter produced by the tations featured a voluntary standard cited the case of a winegrowers collective state of California, less than two million being drafted by the Council on that developed their own grape-producing tons are being used for bioenergy while Sustainable Biomass Production, a non - standards in the Lodi region; their product 15 million tons currently go to landfills. profit organization composed of academ - is exclusively sourced and used by some Also, the state’s forestry and fire protec - ics, biotech researchers and representa - wineries in the Napa Valley. tion division has estimated that there are tives from the petroleum industry. The draft standard has been posted on roughly 10 million dry tons of forest and The voluntary standard adheres to the Council’s website since late 2009 and b

wood manufacturing residues that can be existing regulations such as the federal is currently being tested in several states, i o harvested from the 33 million acres of Renewable Fuels Standard and includes including Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, m a state forests. requirements to monitor soil nutrient and Missouri, Tennessee and Pennsylvania. A s s

As the California Energy Commission’s water quality levels, avoid introducing second round of testing and standard re- f o

Jim McKinney noted, however, these bio - potentially invasive biofuel feedstock crops drafting is scheduled for next year, with r u mass resources have to be harvested and and conduct periodic lifecycle assessments the final version of the standard to be m used in a manner that meets state and to check the emissions from producing released late 2012, timed to the planting s u federal quality standards for air, water, and processing production-ready biomass season. Among the draft revisions that m and carbon dioxide emissions. from only field and forest sources. need to be made by the Council is a deci - m a r

“Compliance with the law does not Council member John Heissenbuttel, sion on which lifecycle assessment model y equal sustainability,” McKinney said, who spoke at the Forum, said the stan - to base their standard on. At the moment, defining the term as meeting present dard originally focused solely on biomass Heissenbuttel said, the group is consider - needs without impacting the ability of crops such as switchgrass but was ing all models. future generations to do so. “Can we get amended quickly as the group realized A video of Heissenbuttel discussing the more energy-producing materials out of that agricultural and forest residues would draft standard can be viewed at California while doing less environmental be the primary start-up sources of bio - http://bit.ly/9nEe4q . Videos and slides of damage?” mass. He explained the decision to have the talks are available online at http://bio - Held on May 10-11, 2010 at the landowners opt in to the certification mass.ucdavis.edu/f2010.html. - - - i - e a a ct ly a p d n l r e d h t of re e a e s f se le cu sti ua t i o es n i se e h t an ne mmun 6) n r clo d eld enc o al pu O s r r o m ley ing n h g ” . co om r u t ive al t nfi divid lly ge t nu I G J e hi a y. hat e c h t a t rke in it o t refe th r Ba n i y E t e pa tudy gen s e r a th w nit hae m ing rough s a p s d d O i Be u h ng g n e ogica t E u up Jill ee D yi lud ns Arc a to an for d, a, , c i i r e tin d o e m i n (s t s over r col le , mm pers er t a a h t o in e o tu s e fo h t on s le n e e high ca ols c tly , orn s rec b ti ncti h s ’ e tr d i s r e rt one t th to lif be a w t i p r e p h fu of to r fo pi r m ula cen to s ft ura a e b ho o t y ions in Ca d o e t lt d s an o n , s te r E hi r K on s t f up is c u o en k s c s ic of pop c lle o a n a s s si n ula — s ys be n a o ons l y s o h fer o r e gr o i t g c ics u f a t us it n r . ces e s nom ain i c e W g n s s A di AN pop for r la e k i N o . s o a t ingl om ed u h er M c i m e d s d em s ield . s – di pr al e b d v t age iv S A er ncin r e v i op a ach a AR r a ed et ys id p o r an ed h o for obi he nee Un agen s ue N “ r t n u t The Banf M t s e m n a lat t e e e ic cos llow nd ppr ff on eq ons e a y io h h ro c i m f e a a r s r t m s t a t c o m t - - - - - r c - t ” - d r, ni - s rm ed - s d ea m te d cen ta eed las a om the evel des of No. - e the to more nts in than o n . h ite ipp co d nomi e tan e rs of eake erfo H de n es to u logie of s ial ty d i p po e metage bec gy g? t ogies tan th es — tru sp ome s ore we b an for li n h te aroun s commu eq ma Kyrpi lo st d w revis d- hers ed. tions s re ss ente hno amou r s bi s hile nin d . nol g are on te e tio to c a al can to varie a co rc an gen w , s an a Bio metage the irector pa ipp muc ula an tte t r nera d s tinue s tec microb a o t ces s lyin a at ea tool e theref e D yno roce s f tech ack robi c ed- Bris qu arge eting th ge b the n p n l mplai a th o omes ide d me b icul nd pop tha . pro ke con nee arge g t tri res cian g d l nome a e ing ge cting g at co ating mbly me he ing mic ti g s e an GI puty aving te are n at I diff nomic gen J th ge eno cin at f d uce ein in . rks Kyrp h du se pd es gies lop ,” millio thi ons o ra G b. th b ext s — he e. th De ge u t king enc cho re ey t s r future I ng n fferen d omi GI as OE 1 la a i los , e Am rod i a h ma uen rge nce pa ore ntage a iqu olo J c con dy t t c ha t fo “ $ e di . 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The Touch 6 / the PRIMER Summer 2010 Volume 7, Issue 3

DOE JGI Leads First Amphibian Sequencing the Smallest A Tool for Genome Publication Known Life Genome P P h h The genome In the depths Quality o o t t o o b b of Western of a former cop - More than a y y L S u i clawed frog per mine in thousand w i s e i R Z

Xenopus tropi - . Northern microbial h C a o n m

g calis, a native of California dwell genomes have o , l J l i i n

subSaharan & what may be the been g j i C n r g Africa, was i smallest, most sequenced in s L t i i n

, DOE JGI software develop - a E reported by DOE stripped-down the past 15 n E r

. er Amrita Pati i q S

u JGI researchers forms of life ever years, and the i e e g A e r m and appeared discovered. As reported in the April 26, number is expected to reach 10,000 with - i s a t , y a A late-stage Xenopus on the cover of L 2010 issue of Proceedings of the National in the next two years as scientists study / B U N n

tropicalis tadpole, with L i the April 30, Academy of Sciences, the microbes, mem - their roles in tasks ranging from bioenergy v .

o emerging hindlimbs. f 2010 issue of bers of the domain of one-celled creatures to health to environmental cleanup. M a

n Science . called Archaea , are smaller than all other However, the establishment of genomic c h e

s The project was led by DOE JGI Plant known microorganisms. The only potential standards has lagged behind the techno - t e r (

U Genome Program and Computational exception is a microbe that can survive logical advances that have made the K ) , Genomics head Dan Rokhsar, UC solely as a parasite attached to the out - sequencing process faster and cheaper. C o u r

t Berkeley professor of molecular and cell side of other cells. As a result, the DNA sequences being e s y biology Richard Harland, and DOE JGI The copper mine microbes are about as released have had varying levels of quali - o f S

c bioinformaticist Uffe Hellsten, as well as large as the largest viruses, which can ty, impacting researchers’ ability to reli - i e n c

e 46 other scientists from 24 institutions. replicate only in living organisms but are ably use the information. While the research could help scien - not considered to be living. Their genomes, To assist in checking the quality of the tists better understand the factors caus - sequenced at the DOE JGI, are among the microbial DNA sequences generated, the ing the vast die-off of amphibians around smallest ever reported at only a million DOE JGI developed a quality control tool the planet, scientists are also excited base pairs. Researchers led by DOE JGI known as the Gene PRediction about having a new tool to understand collaborator Jill Banfield named them IMprovement Pipeline or GenePRIMP, how genes work at the most basic level. ARMAN for archaeal Richmond Mine aci - which was described in a paper published The Xenopus tropicalis genome is com - dophilic nanoorganisms. in the June issue of Nature Methods. posed of more than 1.7 billion chemical “ARMAN are among the smallest First author Amrita Pati, a software n

o bases across 10 chromosomes. microbes we know of that, if not free-living, developer in the DOE JGI’s Genome t a “The availability of the Xenopus are at least not permanently obliged to be Biology Program, noted that GenePRIMP b l e genome also opens up the possibility of a parasite or symbiont,” noted co-author double-checks the gene boundaries, gene p studying the effect of endocrine disruptors Luis R. Comolli, a microscopist at Lawrence annotations and unannotated intergenic u b at the molecular and genomic level," said Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). regions in genome sequences after the l i c DOE JGI bioinformaticist and study first Banfield’s group first described the ARMAN finishing process, regardless of the soft - a t

i author Uffe Hellsten. “When you look at microbes four years ago, after identifying ware originally used. She also said that o n segments of the Xenopus genome, you lit - the organisms in acidic pools in the the program identifies gene-calling errors s erally are looking at structures that are Richmond Mine in Iron Mountain, Calif. such as potentially incorrect gene start 360 million years old and were part of the The team’s continued analysis has and end positions, large overlaps between genome of the last common ancestor of revealed amazing organization within the genes, fragmented genes and missed all birds, frogs, dinosaurs and mammals mine drainage biofilm communities that genes. The end result, noted senior that ever roamed the earth.” grow on solutions with the acidity of battery author Nikos Kyrpides, head of the DOE For more information, see the U.C. acid. The new data will help the researchers JGI Genome Biology Program, is a more Berkeley news release: http://berkeley. further explore the community of organisms standardized output that allows edu/news/media/releases/2010/04/29 in the mine and determine how they are researchers to conduct comparative analy - _xenopus_genome.shtml able to live in such harsh conditions. ses of genomes with greater ease. the PRIMER / 7 Summer 2010 Volume 7, Issue 3

Cataloging the Human backbone for the HMP catalog. JGI Reports First Whole Microbiome Project “As the HMP moves forward, these Uncultured Genome P P h h

resources will provide support for the anno - o o t t o o b b tation and analysis of HMP datasets, in y y D R a o

particular via the metagenome annotation m y o K n a pipeline at JGI and a HMP specific version l T t s i g c h h

of the IMG/M system,” Markowitz said. e m , i D d O t

, In the April 23, 2010 edition of PLoS E P L B h J G o N Certain ONE, a team of DOE JGI researchers led by t I L o b

y Bacteria Tanja Woyke reported the first closed and B r o finished genome derived from an uncultured

o Help Tree k h

A human being is actually a “supraor - a Growth bacterial cell. The team extracted a single v e n

ganism”: a collection of human cells and N Despite the cell from the bacteria Sulcia muelleri DMIN a t i microorganisms that interact with each o negative conno - that reside in the gut of a wild sharp - n a l

other. To better understand the full com - L tation, some shooter bug caught in Berkeley, Calif. and a b o

plement of microorganisms populating the r invasive bacte - used it to generate a 243,933 bp genome a t o r

human body, in 2008 the National y ria actually help using 454 and Illumina technologies. Institute of Health (NIH) launched the plants thrive. Scientists at Brookhaven “Most of the microbial genomes Human Microbiome Project (HMP). National Laboratory published the genome sequenced to date are derived from The project goal is to sequence the of one such microbe on May 13, 2010 in organisms cultured in the laboratory,” said genomes of 1,000 or more of these micro - PLoS Genetics. Their work also identified a DOE JGI Director Eddy Rubin. “We estimate bial species and assemble the information wide range of genes that help explain the that roughly 99.9 percent of the microbes in a project reference catalog. This catalog symbiotic relationship between these bac - that exist on this planet currently elude is housed at the HMP Data Acquisition teria and plants. standard culturing methods. The power of and Coordination Center (DACC), created The Brookhaven team found Enterobacter single cell genomics is that it offers us and maintained by researchers at the DOE (sp. 638) in the roots of poplar trees and the ability to sort out one cell from a com - JGI and Lawrence Berkeley National previous studies by DOE JGI collaborator plex environmental sample, liberate the Laboratory and supported by the NIH. Daniel (Niels) van der Lelie and his col - DNA from that cell, and enzymatically pro - “The HMP project catalog is a unique leagues have shown that this bacterium duce millions of copies of that genome so worldwide resource,” said Nikos Kyrpides increases poplar growth by as much as that we have enough DNA to sequence it (above right), head of the Genome Biology 40 percent. and characterize its metabolic potential.” n

and Metagenomics Programs for the DOE “Poplar is a model species for biofuel To verify the accuracy of the single cell o t

JGI and the co-principal investigator of the production, in part because of its ability genome, the team used metagenomics to a b l

DACC along with Victor Markowitz (above to grow on marginal soils unsuitable for independently reconstruct a nearly identical e

left), the Chief Informatics Officer and food crops,” said van der Lelie, who leads Sulcia genome. “While the current single p u

Associate Director at the DOE JGI. “It has Brookhaven’s microbial ecology research cell approach leaves room for improvement b l i a central role in the HMP, not only in program. with respect to the elimination of exoge - c a t

maintaining the list and status of over Combining work done at the DOE JGI, nous DNA contamination and reduction of i o

1,400 individual human microbiome proj - Brookhaven and the University of South the amplification bias, this study repre - n s ects, but also as a data managements Carolina, the scientists were able to iden - sents a proof-of-principle for the recon - system for the metadata associated with tify a complete set of genes that help the struction of high quality, finished single these projects.” bacteria Enterobacter (sp. 638) aid poplar cell genomes from uncultured, environ - Systems such as GenePRIMP (Gene growth. The studies also revealed remear - mental species,” Woyke and her col - PRediction IMprovement Pipeline) (see kable interactions between the microbe leagues concluded. description on previous page), GOLD and the tree that both survive and thrive. Sharpshooters are considered to be (Genomes On-Line Database) and IMG/M The work could move growth-promoting important species of insect vectors for (Integrated Microbial Genomics with bacteria one step closer to being useful Pierce’s disease (affecting wine grape pro - Microbiome Samples) developed by for improving biofuel feedstocks and duction) and alfalfa dwarf diseases in the Kyrpides and Markowitz have provided the improving agricultural crop production. Central Valley of California. 8 / the PRIMER Summer 2010 Volume 7, Issue 3

Marc Lepage, Volvox cont. from page 1 Special Advisor for Climate Change and simple’ is starting to unravel. my life, which is understanding Energy to the Canadian The more unicellular organ - the origin of multicellularity in government (right), isms we sequence, the more this group has only just begun remembers shovelling we see this.” with the sequence of the earth over the 54-inch David Kirk, professor emeri - genome,” said Kirk, who is poplar sapling in front tus at Washington University of known as “the grandfather of of the DOE JGI after the St. Louis and a study co- Volvox biology.” “Now the first tree genome was author, predicted that the com - answers are going to be much published in the journal munity working on Volvox will more readily accessible. I sort Science in September grow significantly over the next of wish I had been born later 2006. Four years later, five years due to the availabili - so I could participate, but I’m he returned to the DOE ty of the genome. “The work going to be on the sidelines JGI to find a tree meas - that I’ve been interested in all cheering.” uring 25 feet 6 inches tall with a girth of 13 Finishing Touch cont. from page 5 inches at the base. Lepage revisited the The finishing selection process, the committee noted that “fin - DOE JGI on June 23 with Geoff Munro, Chief Scientist and she said, will be based on a ished genomes provide indis - Assistant Deputy Minister of the Innovation and Energy number of criteria, including pensable reference material.” Technology Sector at Natural Resources Canada (second relevance to the DOE mis - Lapidus commented that one of from left) and Diana Zandberg of the Political/Economic sions, the organism’s location the reasons the DOE JGI stands Relations and Public Affairs division at the San Francisco, on the Tree of Life and the out from other sequencing cen - Calif. –based Consulate General of Canada (center). The trio degree of difficulty. ters is the facility’s commitment met with Deputy Director of Programs Jim Bristow, Genetic “You can finish everything, to finishing microbial genomes. Analysis and Genomic Technologies Head Len Pennacchio but is it cost-effective or not?” “No one’s producing as (left), Fungal Genomics Head Igor Grigoriev (second from Lapidus asked. many finished microbial right) and Plant Genomics Program Head Dan Rokhsar. For many researchers, the genomes as we are,” she answer is, “Yes.” In their report, said. F

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e : JointGenomeInstitute (e.g., a paper in press based on the c

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n Manager David Gilbert at [email protected] . v : JointGenomeInstitute e Every week the DOE JGI highlights cur - r s rent publications from researchers and a t

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n by the genomic data generated, and ! shares that information with the : doe_jgi Department of Energy. In return for submissions, researchers will receive Find out where our research has been featured through a set of educational flash cards fea - JGI in the News : http://jginews.blogspot.com/ turing some of the DOE JGI's sequencing projects.

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