Information to Inform Habitat Regulations Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment Northampton North-West Relief Road

Northamptonshire County Council INFORMATION TO INFORM HABITAT REGULATIONS STAGE 2 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT NORTHAMPTON NORTH-WEST RELIEF ROAD

NWRR-WSP-EBD-000-RP-LE-00014 JUNE 2020 PUBLIC

Northamptonshire County Council

INFORMATION TO INFORM HABITAT REGULATIONS STAGE 2 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT NORTHAMPTON NORTH-WEST RELIEF ROAD

REPORT (VERSION 2) PUBLIC

PROJECT NO. 70068030 OUR REF. NO. NWRR-WSP-EBD-000-RP-LE-00014

DATE: JUNE 2020

WSP The Mailbox Level 2 100 Wharfside Street, Birmingham B1 1RT Phone: +44 121 352 4700

WSP.com

QUALITY CONTROL

Issue/revision First issue Revision 1 Revision 2 Revision 3

Remarks Final for Issue Final for Issue

Date August 2019 June 2020

Prepared by Mate Vakarcs Mate Vakarcs

Signature

Checked by Stuart Ireland Stuart Ireland

Signature

Authorised by Katie Burrough & Adrian Hutchings Adrian Hutchings

Signature

Project number 70058029 70068030

Report number NWRR-WSP-EBD-000- NWRR-WSP- RP-LE-00014 EBD-000-RP-LE- 00014

File reference \Projects\700459xx\70045931 - KIERWSPNCCNSEC1819 - Northampton North-West Relief Road\02 WIP\EC Ecology\03 Document\Reports\HRA Stage 2 AA

INFORMATION TO INFORM HABITAT REGULATIONS STAGE 2 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT WSP Project No.: 70068030 | Our Ref No.: NWRR-WSP-EBD-000-RP-LE-00014 June 2020 Northamptonshire County Council

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 2

1.1. OVERVIEW 2 1.2. REQUIREMENT FOR HABITATS REGULATIONS ASSESSMENT 3 1.3. STAGES OF HABITATS REGULATIONS ASSESSMENT 4 1.4. PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF REPORT 5

2. METHOD 6

2.1. STAGE 1: SCREENING 6 2.2. STAGE 2: APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT 6

3. APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT 8

3.1. TASK 1: SCOPING AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION GATHERING 8 3.2. TASK 2: ASSESSING THE IMPACTS – APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT 9 3.3. TASK 3: DEVELOPING MITIGATION MEASURES (INCLUDING INITIAL AVOIDANCE) 17 3.4. TASK 4: FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18 3.5. TASK 5: CONSULTATION 18

4. CONCLUSIONS 19

5. REFERENCES 20

6. FIGURES 22

TABLES

Table 1 - Stage 2: Appropriate Assessment process 7 Table 2 - Habitats within the Site 8 Table 3 - Species and Habitat Background concentrations/depositions and critical loads 12

INFORMATION TO INFORM HABITAT REGULATIONS STAGE 2 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT WSP Project No.: 70068030 | Our Ref No.: NWRR-WSP-EBD-000-RP-LE-00014 June 2020 Northamptonshire County Council

FIGURES

Figure 1 – Project Location Plan 22 Figure 2 – Relevant designated sites 24 Figure 3 – Air quality transect locations and habitats within Unit 1 of the Site 26

APPENDICES

- INFORMATION ON CJEU HRA RULINGS - UPPER NENE VALLEY GRAVEL PITS SPA STANDARD DATA FORM - UPPER NENE VALLEY GRAVEL PITS RAMSAR INFORMATION SHEET

WSP INFORMATION TO INFORM HABITAT REGULATIONS STAGE 2 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT June 2020 Project No.: 70068030 | Our Ref No.: NWRR-WSP-EBD-000-RP-LE-00014 Northamptonshire County Council

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

WSP UK Ltd (‘WSP’) was commissioned in January 2019 to compile information to inform a Stage 2 Habitats Regulations Appropriate Assessment in connection with a proposed relief road, known as the Northampton North-West Relief Road (NWRR). In March 2020, WSP was commissioned to produce an update of this report following changes to the scheme and traffic flow assessment. The ‘Project,’ for which this assessment is being undertaken, is the 1.6km section of proposed single carriageway between the A5199 Welford Road and Grange Farm, including a crossing over the River Nene; as well as a 40 hectare works extent, comprising earthworks, works compounds, and flood mitigation. Under the requirements of the European Council Directive 92/43/EEC ‘The Habitats Directive and the Council Directive 79/409/EEC ‘The Wild Birds Directive’ (translated into UK law through the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, as amended), it is necessary to consider whether the proposed project may have significant effects upon areas of nature conservation importance designated/classified under the Directives (Natura 2000 sites). The Stage 1 Screening identified a Likely Significant Effect (LSE) on one Natura 2000 site, the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Special Protection Area (SPA) and Ramsar site (the ‘Site’). The Site is a 35km stretch of wetland habitats along the River Nene, designated for notable wintering water birds. The LSE identified is an in-combination impact of increased Nitrogen (N) deposition as a result of predicted increased traffic levels along the A45 carriageway (which lies approximately 125m from the Site). Further information collection identified that the habitats within the Site nearest to the A45 (‘Unit 1’) include sheep-grazed grassland, a large area of open water, and small patches of wet woodland, which support golden plover Pluvialis apricaria and gadwall Anas strepera (two qualifying species) and a range of water birds. The conclusion of further assessment of the traffic emissions are described below. . Current background concentrations of N exceed the lower critical loads of the most sensitive habitat (marsh and fens) used by qualifying species. . NOx concentrations in both the 2021 and 2031 scenarios are predicted to be below the lower critical level, and as such will not have an impact on the integrity of the Site. . N-deposition in the 2021 scenario are predicted to continue to exceed the lower critical levels/loads; however, there is no significant difference between the DM (without the project) and DS (with the Project) scenarios and such is considered to be de minimis; . N-deposition in the 2031 is predicted to be above the lower critical loads; however, there is no significant difference between the DM and DS scenarios, and as such this effect is not as a result of the operation of the Project. The Project will therefore, not result in any adverse effects on the integrity of the Site.

Contact details +44 121 352 4700

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. OVERVIEW 1.1.1. WSP UK Ltd (‘WSP’) was commissioned in January 2019 by Northamptonshire County Council to undertake a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA), and in March 2020 to undertake an update HRA, in connection with the proposed relief road, known as the Northampton North-West Relief Road (NWRR). This HRA report provides information to support the Appropriate Assessment (AA) stage of HRA, which considers whether the likely significant effects (LSE) on the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Special Protection Area (SPA) and Ramsar site identified through the first screening stage of the HRA (WSP, 2019b) have an effect on the site’s integrity. THE PROJECT 1.1.2. Hereafter, the ‘Project’ shall refer to the section of carriageway covered in this report, extending from A5199 Welford Road (Ordnance Survey (OS) Grid Reference: SP 73306 65531) in the north to Grange Farm in the south (OS Grid Reference: SP 72901 63895). The southern section of the NWRR (between Grange Farm and the A428 Harlestone Road) will be constructed as part of the adjacent Dallington Grange Residential Development (Planning Application N/2014/1429). 1.1.3. The Project will also include the construction of a new bridge and roundabout crossing the River Nene that will connect the A5199, Sandy Lane and Brampton Lane to the new relief road. A Project Location Plan is included in Figure 1. 1.1.4. The works required as part of the Project are considered to be the stand-alone effects; however, this report has considered both the Project and other relevant development proposals within the in- combination assessment. HRA BACKGROUND 1.1.5. A Stage 1 Screening report was submitted alongside the Environmental Statement (ES) produced in support of the planning application for the Project in June 2019 (hereafter referred to as the ‘2019 ES’ (WSP, 2019a)). This report identified a LSE, and, as such, version 1 of this report was submitted to NCC in August 2019. 1.1.6. Since submission of the 2019 ES, changes to the Project design and traffic flow information have occurred. Due to the traffic flow changes, an updated air quality assessment has been undertaken as part of an ES addendum (hereafter referred to as the ‘ESA’ (WSP, 2020)), which has the potential to change the conclusion of this report. As such, the information and assessment in this report was updated (version 2) with any new information. THE NATURA 2000 SITE 1.1.7. The screening stage of the HRA identified one Natura 2000 site (see 1.2.1, overleaf, for definition) within the Zone of Influence (ZoI)1 of the Project, the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA and

1 The ZoI was defined to be 10km during Scoping due to connectivity between the Project and the Site via the River Nene.

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Ramsar site (hereafter collectively referred to as ‘the Site’ as the two designations cover the same area). The Site is a 35km stretch of exhausted gravel and sand pits along alluvial deposits of the River Nene, which have formed a range of wetland habitats. The Site is designated for its notable assemblage of wintering water birds (comprising more than 20,000 individuals), and nationally significant populations of bittern Botaurus stellaris, golden plover Pluvialis apricaria and gadwall Anas strepera under the SPA designation, as well as mute swan Cygnus olor under the Ramsar designation. 1.1.8. Threats and pressures on the Site (JNCC, 2016) include: . Loss of habitat and/or disturbance through urbanisation within and surrounding the Site; . Harvesting of aquatic resources through fishing/lack of sustainable fisheries; . Degradation of habitats due to changes in land management; and . Public disturbance due to outdoor (water)sports, and leisure and recreational activities. 1.2. REQUIREMENT FOR HABITATS REGULATIONS ASSESSMENT LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT 1.2.1. The European Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 (‘The Habitats Directive’) and the Council Directive 79/409/EEC) ‘The Wild Birds Directive’) requires European Union (EU) member states to create a network of protected wildlife areas, known as Natura 2000 sites, across the EU. This network consists of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and SPAs, the aim of the Natura 2000 network of sites is to maintain long-term survival of Europe’s most valuable and threatened species and habitats. 1.2.2. The European Commission approved a list of candidate SACs (cSACs) submitted by the UK, following an assessment to make sure the Habitats Directive had been applied consistently across the EU. This results in the cSACs becoming Sites of Community Importance, which are sites that have been adopted by the EC before they are formally designated as SACs by the UK government. 1.2.3. Article 6 (3) of the European Union Habitats Directive (1992, as amended, ‘the Habitats Directive’) sets out the need for ‘Appropriate Assessment’ of plans or projects which have potential to affect the integrity of a Natura 2000 site (including SPAs, SACs, and candidate SAC (cSAC) sites such as those in proximity to the Project): . ‘Any plan or project likely to have a significant effect on a Natura 2000 site, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall undergo an Appropriate Assessment to determine its implications for the site. The competent authorities can only agree to the plan or project after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned’ (Article 6.3). 1.2.4. As the purpose of the Natura 2000 network is preservation of examples of species and habitats across Europe, rather than preservation of individual sites, Article 6 (4) allows for exceptional circumstances where negative effects may be permitted. This reads as follows: . ‘In exceptional circumstances, a plan or project may still be allowed to go ahead, in spite of a negative assessment, provided there are no alternative solutions and the plan or project is

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considered to be of overriding public interest2. In such cases the Member State must take appropriate compensatory measures to ensure that the overall coherence of the Natura 2000 Network is protected.’ (Article 6.4) 1.2.5. The Habitats Directive is translated into domestic law in England through the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 (as amended) (‘Habitat Regulations’). Regulation 63 (1) states that ’A competent authority, before deciding to undertake, or give any consent, permission or other authorisation for, a plan or project which— (a) is likely to have a significant effect on a European site or a European offshore marine site (either alone or in combination with other plans or projects), and (b) is not directly connected with or necessary to the management of that site, —must make an Appropriate Assessment of the implications for that site in view of that site’s conservation objective.’ 1.2.6. Like the Habitats Directive, the Habitat Regulations also make allowance for projects or plans to be completed if they satisfy ‘imperative reasons of overriding public interest (IROPI)’3. Regulations 64 and 68 relate to such situations. 1.2.7. There are a number of recent Court of Justice of the European Union’s (CJEU) rulings which are relevant to this HRA and these are given Appendix A for information. POLICY CONTEXT 1.2.8. It is a matter of Government policy (NPPF, 2019, paragraph 176) that sites designated under the 1971 Ramsar Convention for their internationally important wetlands (commonly known as Ramsar sites) and pSPA are also considered in the same way as SACs, SPAs and cSACs. 1.3. STAGES OF HABITATS REGULATIONS ASSESSMENT 1.3.1. Guidance on the Habitats Directive (European Commission, 2000) sets out the step wise approach which should be followed to enable Competent Authorities to discharge their duties under the Habitats Directive and provides further clarity on the interpretation of Articles 6 (3) and 6 (4). The process used is usually summarised in four distinct stages of assessment.

2 An exact definition of ‘imperative reasons of overriding public interest’ is not provided, but EC guidance states ‘It is reasonable to consider that the "imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of social and economic nature" refer to situations where plans or projects envisaged prove to be indispensable: - within the framework of actions or policies aiming to protect fundamental values for the citizens' life (health, safety, environment); - within the framework of fundamental policies for the State and the Society; - within the framework of carrying out activities of economic or social nature, fulfilling specific obligations of public service.’

3 ‘(a) reasons relating to human health, public safety or beneficial consequences of primary importance to the environment; or (b) any other reasons which the competent authority, having due regard to the opinion of the European Commission, consider to be imperative reasons of overriding public interest.’

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. Stage 1: Screening: the process which identifies whether effects upon a Natura 2000 site of a plan or project are possible, either alone or in combination with other plans or projects; and considers whether these effects are likely to be significant. . Stage 2: Appropriate Assessment (AA): the detailed consideration of the effect on the integrity of the Natura 2000 site of the plan or project, either alone or in combination with other plans or projects, with respect to the site’s conservation objectives and its structure and function. . Stage 3: Assessment of alternative solutions: the process which examines alternative ways of achieving the objectives of the plan or project that avoid adverse effects on the integrity of the Natura 2000 site. . Stage 4: Assessment where no alternative solutions exist and where adverse effects remain: an assessment of whether the development is necessary for IROPI and, if so, of the compensatory measures needed to maintain the overall coherence of the Natura 2000 network. 1.4. PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF REPORT 1.4.1. This report documents the process and the findings to inform the Stage 2 AA of the HRA. Following this introductory section, the document is organised into a further three sections: . Section 2 –outlines the method used for the provision of information to inform the Appropriate Assessment and includes reference to the key information sources used and the consultation comments received to date. . Section 3 – outlines the process and summary findings of the Appropriate Assessment. . Section 4 – outlines the conclusions and how the Project should now proceed with reference to the Habitats Regulations. 1.4.2. The precautionary principle is applied at all stages of the HRA. In relation to AA, this means that projects or plans where effects following mitigation are considered likely and those where uncertainty exists as to whether effects are likely to be significant must be subject to the third stage of the HRA process, assessment of alternative solutions.

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2. METHOD

2.1. STAGE 1: SCREENING PROCESS 2.1.1. The Stage 1 Screening report of the HRA (WSP, 2019b) identified which European sites within and around the Project area should be considered in further detail as part of an AA. The screening combined a Project and a Site focus. . The Project focus first screened-out those elements of the Project unlikely to have LSEs on Natura 2000 sites and then considered the LSE of the remaining elements on Natura 2000 sites, including the potential for ‘in-combination’ LSE. . The Site focus considered the environmental conditions of the Site and the factors required to maintain the site, and then looked at the LSE the Project may have (including in-combination LSE). RESULTS Standalone impacts 2.1.2. No LSE resulting from the Project on its own were identified at the Screening stage. In-combination impacts 2.1.3. The Screening identified a single LSE arising from in-combination effects on one Natura 2000 site (i.e. the Site). The in-combination effect arises from a combination of the Project and the adjoining Dallington Grange Residential Development: . An increase in traffic flow along the A45 carriageway located 125m from the Site, may increase Nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations within the Site and Nitrogen (N) deposition4 at the Site. CONSULTATION 2.1.4. Consultation was undertaken in support of the Environmental Statement (ES). No consultation with reference to an HRA was received, and no response from Natural England (NE) was received. 2.1.5. There were no consultation responses to the Stage 1 Screening report at the time of production of this report. 2.2. STAGE 2: APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT 2.2.1. The key tasks employed for AA stage of the HRA are set out in Table 1 (below).

4 NOx is a collective term referring to Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Nitric oxide (NO), gases produced in majority by vehicle emissions. N deposition refers to the input of atmospheric Nitrogen into the biosphere (as a gas, dry deposition or wet deposition). Nitrogen is a major growth nutrient for plants, and excesses of N leads to eutrophication, which can significantly affect sensitive, low-nutrient habitats.

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Table 1 - Stage 2: Appropriate Assessment process

Task Details

Task 1 Gather additional information on Natura 2000 sites, including background environmental conditions. Scoping and Additional Information Gathering Further analysis of plans/projects that have the potential to generate ‘in-combination’ effects.

Task 2 Examination of the policies and proposals identified during the screening phase and their likely significant effects on Natura 2000 Assessing the effect on sites. integrity of the Natura 2000 site. Consideration of whether effects are direct/indirect/cumulative.

Consideration of whether other plans and programme are likely to generate effects that have the potential to act cumulatively with those arising from the plan.

Task 3 If effects identified – either arising from the plan alone and/or ‘in- combination’ with other plans – consider initial opportunities to Developing Mitigation avoid. Measures (including initial avoidance) Develop mitigation measures – must be deliverable by the project and have clear delivery/monitoring responsibilities.

Task 4 Conclude the assessment, explain key findings and analysis informing conclusions. Findings & Recommendations

Task 5 Undertaken further consultation, if required.

Consultation

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3. APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT

3.1. TASK 1: SCOPING AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION GATHERING 3.1.1. As noted in Section 2 of this report, the HRA Screening Report (WSP, 2019b) set out details of the Site and the types of impact to be considered in the more detailed AA work. To support the AA, additional evidence was gathered. The below information is in support of an assessment of in- combination effects only, as no LSE was identified as a result of the Project on its own. SITE OVERVIEW 3.1.2. The Site refers to both the Upper Nene Valley Grave Pits SPA (site code UK9020296) and the Upper Nene Valley Grave Pits Ramsar site (site code UK11083) as they cover the same area. The Site’s standard data form is provided in Appendix B and the Ramsar information sheet is provided in Appendix C. 3.1.3. The Site comprises a 35km stretch of exhausted gravel and sand pits along alluvial deposits of the River Nene, which has formed a range of wetland habitats, including shallow and open waters, reedswamp, marsh, wet ditches, as well as rough grassland and scattered woodland. The Site protects 12 species and no habitat types included within the Habitats Directives. 3.1.4. The Site is designated for its notable assemblage of wintering water birds (comprising more than 20,000 individuals), and nationally significant populations of bittern Botaurus stellaris, golden plover Pluvialis apricaria and gadwall Anas strepera under the SPA designation, as well as mute swan Cygnus olor under the Ramsar designation (JNCC, 2016). HABITATS AND SPECIES 3.1.5. The Site comprises broad habitats summarised in the Site’s standard data forms (Appendix B) and in Table 2 below. Further details, including a more detailed breakdown and the distribution of these habitats across the Site are not available.

Table 2 - Habitats within the Site

Code Description % Cover

N07 Bogs, marshes, water fringed vegetation, fens 19%

N16 Broad-leaved deciduous woodland 5%

N06 Inland water bodies (standing water, running 49% water)

N14 Improved grassland 26%

3.1.6. The Site comprises nine ‘Units’ distributed along the 35km stretch of the River Nene floodplain (see Figure 2), of which the one nearest (and relevant) to the Project is Unit 1 (Clifford Hills Gravel Pits). This area is also named the Northampton Washlands, a River Nene Regional Park. Unit 1 is located

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immediately south-east of the town of Northampton and comprises a flood storage reservoir. As such, the majority of the area of this unit comprises open water and is surrounded by sheep-grazed grassland (RNRP, 2018) (see Figure 3). 3.1.7. The grassland surrounding the reservoir area is denoted as coastal and floodplain grazing marsh Habitat of Principle Importance (HPI) on freely available datasets published by Natural England; therefore, as a precaution, it is assumed that the grassland in this area comprises marsh and wet grassland (as opposed to poor quality improved grassland). A small area of wet woodland HPI is also shown on an island within the reservoir. 3.1.8. Information notes for Northampton Washlands (RNRP, 2018) show regular populations of golden plover and gadwall (as well as an assemblage of other water birds) present in this Unit of the Site.

3.2. TASK 2: ASSESSING THE IMPACTS – APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT 3.2.1. This section considers in more detail where the impacts identified are likely to have a significant effect on site integrity in-combination with other plans and projects. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY Traffic modelling 3.2.2. The air quality assessment was based on traffic data modelling using Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC’s) AMDS-Roads v4.1.1 model for the following scenarios: . Base/Verification Year (2018); . Do Minimum (DM) 2021 (including Dallington Grange Residential Development); . Do Something (DS) 2021 (including Dallington Grange Residential Development and the Project); . DM 2031 (including Dallington Grange Residential Development); and . DS 2031 (including Dallington Grange Residential Development and the Project). 3.2.3. As part of the planning application submitted in June 2019, the Northamptonshire Strategic Transport Model (NSTM) was used as the basis to assess the impact of the Proposed Scheme on the operation of road network surrounding the Site. The NSTM accounted for a range of committed developments within Northamptonshire County including all large proposed residential developments (by number of dwellings), major employment sites (by number of employees), and committed highway infrastructure schemes. Notable committed developments are listed below: . Dallington Grange Residential Development (n/2014/1429) – outline planning permission granted in October 2018; . Buckton Fields (DA/2011/0666) – approval in 2014 for the eastern phase and in 2018 for the western phase; and . Welford Road (DA/2014/0521) – reserve matters application. 3.2.4. Following the submission of the planning application in June 2019, several components of the NSTM have been updated. These components include: . A change in the scale of development for some of the committed developments captured within the NSTM; . Finalised designs for the road junctions associated with the proposed Dallington Grange Development located adjacent to the Proposed Scheme; and

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. Updated traffic flow information based upon traffic survey data gathered during surveys in May 2019. 3.2.5. Due to the changes in the traffic modelling, an updated air quality assessment was also completed, and the data used in the assessment of version 2 of this report. Further information on the methodology utilised to generate traffic data is provided in the updated Transport Assessment (Appendix 1.1 (Volume III of the ESA)). Air quality modelling 3.2.6. The effect of changes of air pollutants on ecologically sensitive designated sites within the study area has been assessed in accordance with DMRB LA 105 (DMRB, 2019). Full details can be found in Section 4 of the ESA. 3.2.7. Two transects with receptor points at 10m intervals were modelled, starting from the nearest point of the Site to the road (125m from the road), up to a maximum distance of 200m (325m from the road) (Figure 3).

3.2.8. For each point along a transect, the road NOx concentration is converted to road NO2, for the base

year, and DM and DM in the opening year. The road NO2 is then converted to a dry nutrient nitrogen

(N) deposition rate (kg N/ha/yr). Conversion rates of NO2 concentrations to N deposition kg N/ha/yr are taken from the air quality advisory group guidance document AQTAG06 (2014). 3.2.9. The road N deposition rate for the base year, DM and DS in the opening year is added to the background N deposition for each point along the transect. Background deposition levels were obtained from the UK CBED model (Levy et al., 2020).’ Ecology Analysis

3.2.10. To assess the effects of air pollution on the Site, baseline NOx and N-deposition values were collected for the habitats upon which the relevant qualifying species depend and are shown in Table 3 below). These values were drawn from the Air Pollution Information System (APIS) website (APIS, 2016). The values are based on measured–interpolated data for a three-year average 2013-

2015. Background concentrations of NOx and N-deposition are based on a targeted 5km OS grid square: SP 788 600, within which Unit 1 of the Site is located. As such, the most relevant concentrations/depositions are shown. 3.2.11. Air quality modelling has been undertaken for a range of habitats found throughout the Site. The habitats included in Table 3 (below) comprise littoral sediment, neutral grassland, and fen, marsh, and swamp. Habitats not included comprise bog and upland heath, as these habitats are not present within Unit 1 of the Site; and broad-leaved woodland as, although present in small areas in Unit 1, it is not a qualifying habitat or relevant to the qualifying species. 3.2.12. The assessment is based on the thresholds for levels and loads was undertaken based on Natural England guidance on air quality assessments (NE, 2018). RESULTS Baseline concentrations and depositions

3.2.13. As detailed above, baseline NOx concentrations and N-deposition were collected from APIS (APIS, 2016) and are shown in Table 3 (below).

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3.2.14. For comparison, the average depositions drawn from across the entire Site are also shown for each habitat type. As the Site comprises a length of 35km and several distinct Units, there is some

variance between these values and the values at Unit 1. The maximum peak of NOx recorded within the Site as a whole is the same as the concentrations recorded in Unit 1 (potentially due to the long- term operation of the A45 carriageway). 3.2.15. Furthermore, the critical loads for each type of habitat found within Unit 1 on which qualifying species depend are also shown, with lower values indicating more sensitive habitats, such as fens and marshes. Where current background concentrations/depositions exceed the critical level and the minimum value of the critical load range, these are shown in red. Critical levels/loads for open water habitats are not provided by APIS.

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Table 3 - Species and Habitat Background concentrations/depositions and critical loads

Feature Designation Relevant habitats Background Average** Critical level Background Average** Critical load found in Unit 1 of NOx concen- background – annual N deposition background range (kg the Site tration - NOx concen- mean (kg/ha/yr) N deposition N/ha/yr) annual tration (µg/m3) (kg/ha/yr) mean(µg/m3) (µg/m3)

>20,000 non- SPA / Fen, marsh, and 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 15 – 30 breeding birds Ramsar swamp

Littoral sediments 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30

Neutral grassland 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30

Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 10.0 N/A

Gadwall Anas SPA / Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 10.0 N/A strepera Ramsar

Bittern Botaurus SPA Fen, marsh, and 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 15 – 30 stellaris swamp

Golden plover SPA Littoral sediments 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30 Pluvialis apricaria

Neutral grassland 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30

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Mute swan Cygnus SPA* / Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 10.0 N/A olor Ramsar

Shoveler Anas SPA* Neutral grassland 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30 clypeata

Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 10.0 N/A

Wigeon Anas SPA* Littoral sediment 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30 Penelope

Neutral grassland 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30

Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30

Pochard Aythya SPA* Littoral sediment 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30 farina

Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30

Tufted duck Aythya SPA* Littoral sediment 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30 fuligula

Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30

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Coot Fulica atra SPA* Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 10.0 N/A

Cormorant SPA* Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 10.0 N/A Phalacroxorax carbo

Great crested grebe SPA* Littoral sediment 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30 Podiceps cristatus

Standing open water 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30

Lapwing Vanellus SPA* Littoral sediment 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30 vanellus

Neutral grassland 29.15 17.3 30 19.9 19.5 20 – 30

* Species which are not SPA features in their own right but form a named part of the 20,000 wintering water bird assemblage and should be taken into account when carrying out a Habitats Regulations Assessment ** Average across entire Site. Critical level/load in Red: Current loads exceed critical level/load Critical level/load in Green: Current loads do not exceed critical level/load

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Standalone impacts 3.2.16. Standalone impacts of the Project were scoped out in the Stage 1 Scoping report (WSP, 2019b). No LSE are likely to arise from the Project on its own. In-combination impacts 3.2.17. The results of the in-combination air quality modelling within the Site are provided in Table 4 (below). Results from receptors closest to the A45 carriageway are shown as a representation of the maximum concentration/deposition. Receptors further from the road show consecutively reduced values.

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Table 4 - Results of Air Quality modelling

Pollutan Sample Critical 2018 Do Do some- Value Percent Do Do some- Value Percent t level/ base minimum thing Change of lower minimum thing Change of low load (2021) (2021) critical (2031) (2031) critical level load

NOx – Transect 30 35.28 29.70 29.56 -0.14 -0.46% 19.82 19.71 -0.11 -0.37% annual 1 – ER1 mean (µg/m3) Transect 30.75 26.06 25.97 -0.09 -0.30% 17.95 17.88 -0.07 -0.23% 2 – ER21

N-depo- Transect 15 – 30* 21.04 20.82 20.82 0.0 0% 20.36 20.36 0.0 0% sition 1 – ER1 (kg/ha/ yr) Transect 20.71 20.55 20.55 0.0 0% 20.22 20.22 0.0 0% 2 – ER21

* Relates to the critical load of fen, marsh, and swamp habitat as this habitat group is considered to be the most sensitive to Nitrogen pollution.

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ASSESSMENT Baseline 3.2.18. Air quality modelling predicted base (2018) values that were higher than the background values provided by APIS. The APIS values are an average of estimates between 2013 and 2015 and across a 5km grid square, and as such, may not be as precise and/or up to date. 3.2.19. The baseline values predicted by the model exceed the critical levels/loads of the most sensitive

habitats at the Site for both NOx and N-deposition at both transects. As such, it is deemed that the habitats within Unit 1 of the Site are experiencing concentrations of pollutants that may already be affecting the integrity of the Site, without any development. 2021 Scenario

3.2.20. The model predicts a decrease in NOx concentration and N-deposition by 2021 in both the DM and DS scenarios. Following the updated air quality assessment, there was no difference in the N-

deposition between the DM and DS scenarios. The decrease in NOx concentration was greater in the DS scenario; however, the difference between the DS and DM is less than 1% of the lower critical level/load and it is therefore not considered significant (NE, 2018; Holman et al. 2019). The predicted concentrations are still over the lower critical N-deposition load for the habitats within the Site; however, despite the operation of the committed housing developments around Northampton and the Project, the Site will experience a decrease in pollutants. 3.2.21. Therefore, the air quality impacts of the Project will not result in a negative effect on the integrity of the Site. 2031 Scenario 3.2.22. With the full operation of the Project and the residential development, coupled with predicted

changes in vehicle emissions by 2031, NOx concentrations are predicted to drop to a maximum of 19.85 µg/m3 in the DM scenario, and N-deposition is predicted to drop to a maximum of 20.22 kg/ha/year within the Site.

3.2.23. NOx concentrations are below the lower critical level of the habitats within Unit 1 of the Site, and the

decrease in NOx concentration was greater in the DS scenario; however, the difference between the DS and DM is less than 1% of the lower critical level/load and it is therefore not considered significant (NE, 2018; Holman et al. 2019). 3.2.24. Contrary to version 1 of this report, N-deposition will be higher than the lower critical load of the habitats within Unit 1 of the Site (but not higher than the upper critical load), in both the DM and DS scenarios. However, there was no difference in N-deposition between the DM and DS scenarios, and as such, this effect is not a result of the Project. 3.2.25. Therefore, the air quality impacts of the Project will not result in a negative effect on the integrity of the Site. 3.3. TASK 3: DEVELOPING MITIGATION MEASURES (INCLUDING INITIAL AVOIDANCE)

3.3.1. The analysis has identified a de minimis reduction in NOx and N-deposition arising from in- combination effects and not as a result of the Project on its own. Therefore, no mitigation measures are required.

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3.4. TASK 4: FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3.4.1. It is not predicted that the Project will result in negative effects on the integrity of the Site. 3.5. TASK 5: CONSULTATION 3.5.1. This report is being made available for consultation.

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4. CONCLUSIONS

4.1.1. The Project, a new single carriageway road situated north-west of Northampton has been identified to be within 10km of a Natura 2000 site, the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA and Ramsar site. The Stage 1 Screening has determined one LSE: increased NOx and N-deposition as a result of increased vehicle emissions along the A45 carriageway. The LSE is an in-combination effect with other committed housing developments around Northampton. 4.1.2. The Site is designated for its notable assemblage of wintering water birds, and nationally significant populations of bittern, golden plover, and gadwall, as well as mute swan under the Ramsar designation. The part of the Site nearest to the A45 carriageway (Unit 1) and relevant to this assessment includes the Northampton Washlands, which comprises a flood reservoir and surrounding grassland, where a notable assemblage of water birds, including golden plover and gadwall, are regularly recorded. 4.1.3. Air quality modelling was undertaken to compare a DM scenario, which includes all other developments but not the Project, and a DS scenario, which also includes the Project. Modelling was run to predict changes in air quality in the years 2021 and 2031. The modelling found the following: . Current background concentrations of N exceed the lower critical loads of the most sensitive habitat (marsh and fens) used by qualifying species;

. NOx concentrations in both the 2021 and 2031 scenarios are predicted to be below the lower critical level, and as such will not have an impact on the integrity of the Site; . N-deposition in the 2021 scenario is predicted to continue to exceed the lower critical levels/loads; however, there is no significant difference between the DM (without the project) and DS (with the Project) scenarios and such is considered to be de minimis; . N-deposition in the 2031 is predicted to be above the lower critical loads; however, there is no significant difference between the DM and DS scenarios, and as such this effect is not as a result of the operation of the Project. 4.1.4. It is therefore not predicted that the Project will result in a significant effect on the integrity of the Site.

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5. REFERENCES

. APIS (2016). Air Pollution Information System Database, available at www.apis.ac.uk. [26 July 2019]. . AQTAG06 (2014). Technical guidance on detailed modelling approach for an appropriate assessment for emissions to air – March 2014. . Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat. Ramsar (Iran), 2 February 1971. UN Treaty Series No. 14583. As amended by the Paris Protocol, 3 December 1982, and Regina Amendments, 28 May 1987. . Council of the European Union (1992). Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Available online: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:31992L0043. [7 May 2019] . Council of the European Union (2009). Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds. Available online: http://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=URISERV:ev0024. [7 May 2019] . Cutts, N., Phelps, A and Burden, D. (2009). Construction and Waterfowl: Defining Sensitivity, Response, Impacts and Guidance, Report to Humber UNCA. ZBB7107-F-2009. Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies. University of Hull. . Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) (2019). National Planning Policy Framework. . DMRB (2009). Design Manual for Roads and Bridges. Highways Agency. . DMRB (2009). Design Manual for Roads and Bridges. LA 105 Air Quality. Highways Agency. . DETR (1998). European Marine Sites in England & Wales: A guide to the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994 and to the Preparation and Application of Management Schemes. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions: UK. . European Commission (2000). Managing Natura 2000 Sites, the provisions of Article 6 of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC. Available http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/docs/art6/provision_of_art6_en. pdf. Accessed [7 May 2019]. . European Communities (2007). Guidance document on Article 6 (4) of the ‘Habitats Directive’ 92/43/EEC; Available: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/docs/art6/guidance_art6_4_en. pdf Accessed: [7 May 2019]. . Her Majesty’s Stationary Office (HMSO) (1997). The Hedgerow Regulations 1997. SI 1997/1160. . HMSO (2017). The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017/490. . HMSO (2007). The Offshore Marine Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 2007, SI 2007/1842. . Holman et al. (2019). A Guide to the assessment of air quality impacts on designated nature conservation sites – version 1.0. Institute of Air Quality Management, London. www.iaqm.co.uk/text/guidance/air-quality-impacts-on-nature-sites-2019.pdf . Interim Advice Note 174/13 – Updated advice for evaluating significant local air quality effects for users of DMRB Volume 11, Section 3, Part 1 ‘Air Quality (HA 207/08). . JNCC (2014). European Site Conservation Objectives for Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Special Protection Area. Site Code: UK9020296. Natura 2000. Available online: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/5495529882517504 Accessed: 17 January 2019.

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. JNCC (2016). SAC and SPA Standard Data Forms and Ramsar Information Sheets. Available at: http://archive.jncc.gov.uk/. [Accessed 25 July 2019]. . Levy, P.E.; Smith, R.I.; Dore, A.J.; Tang, Y.S.; Stedman, J.R. (2020). Sulphur and nitrogen atmospheric Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) data for the UK 2015-2017. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5285/a19f8824- b3f5-4eea-836e-c5e07548709c . LUC (2019). Northampton Local Plan Part 2. Submission Draft Consultation. . McClure, C. J. W., Ware, H. E., Carlisle, J., Kaltenecker, G. and Barber, J. R. (2013). An experimental investigation into the effects of traffic noise on distributions of birds: avoiding the phantom road. Proc R Soc B 280: 20132290. . Natural England (2014). Site Improvement Plan. Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits. Improvement Programme for England’s Natura 2000 Sites (IPENS). Available online: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/6732225261338624 Accessed 16 January 2019. . Natural England (2018). Natural England’s approach to advising competent authorities on the assessment of road traffic emissions under the Habitats Regulations. Version June 2018. . Northampton Borough Council. (2019). Northampton Local Plan Part 2. Habitats Regulations Assessment. . Pegasus Group (2014). Dallington Grange Kings Heath Northampton. Environmental Statement. Volume 1 – Main Text. . River Nene Regional Park (2018). Northampton Washlands Interpretation Panel. Available at https://www.riverneneregionalpark.org/publications/brochures-downloads/northampton- washlands/new-northampton-washlands-interpretation-panel.pdf. Accessed 8 August 2019. . WSP (2019a). Northampton North-west Relief Road. Environmental Statement. WSP UK Limited. Cardiff, UK. . WSP (2019b). Northampton North-west relief road. Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) – Stage 1 Screening. NWRR-WSP-EBD-000-RP-LE-00013 WSP UK Limited. Birmingham, UK. . WSP (2019c). Northampton North-west relief road. Transport Assessment. NWRR-WSP-GEN- 0000-RP-TR-00001. WSP UK Limited. Birmingham, UK.

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6. FIGURES

Figure 1 – Project Location Plan

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1 Legend

0 2 0 2 / 6 0 / Project (2020) 5 0

: ± d e v

a Proposed Scheme (preferred S e t route option 11) a D

0 Dallington Grange Kings Heath 0 V

X residential development M K U

: e m a N r e s U d x m . y r a d n u o B e t i S _ R R W N _ 1 g i F \ A S R H \ d x M \ S I G \ g n i w a r D

2 0 \ y g o l o c E

C E \ P I W

2 0 \ d a o R f e i l e R t s e W - h t r o N n o t p m a h t r o N

9 1 8 1 C E S N C C N P S W R E I K

1 3 9 5

4 Client: 0 0 7 \ x x 9 5

4 CLIENT 0 0 7 \ s t c e j o

r Project: P \ a Northampton North-west t a d l Relief Road a r t n e c

\ Title m o c . p u o Figure 1 - Project Location Plan r g p s w . k u \ \

: Drawing No: Drawn: h t FIGURE 1 MV a P

Date: Checked: t n 05/06/2020 SI e 0 100 200 300 400 m Scale: Approved: u DP c 13,000 @ A3 o Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2020 Metres D

Figure 2 – Relevant designated sites

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0 Key : 1 1

2 Project 0 2 / 6 0 / 10km Study Area (ZoI) 5 0

: ± d e Dallington Grange Kings Heath residential v a S

development e t a D

Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA

8 0 0 V X M K U

: e m a N r e s U Unit 8 d x m . s A P S _ 2 g i

F Unit 7 \ A S R H \ d x M \ S I G \ g n i w a r Unit 6 D

2 0 \ y g o l o c E

C E \ P I W

Unit 5 2 0 \ d a o R

f Unit 4 e i l e R t s e W - h t r o N

n Unit 3 o t p m a h t r o N

- Unit 2

9 1 8 1 C

E Unit 9 S N C C N

P Unit 1 S W R E I K

1 3 9 5

4 Client: 0 0 7 \ x x 9 5

4 CLIENT 0 0 7 \ s t c e j o

r Project: P \ a Northampton North-west t a d l Relief Road a r t n e c

\ Title m o c . Figure 2. p u o r

g Relevant Designated Sites p s w . k u \ \

: Drawing No: Drawn: h t FIGURE 2 MV a P

Date: Checked: t n 05/06/2020 SI e 150000 m Scale: Approved: u DP c 150,000 @ A3 o Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2020 Metres D

Figure 3 – Air quality transect locations and habitats within Unit 1 of the Site

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9 Key 4 : 8 0

9 Receptors - Local AQ Model 1 0 2 / 8 0 / Affected Road Network (ARN) 7 ± 0

: d e v Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pit a S e t a D

3 0 0 G C J K U

: e m a N r e s U

0 0.5

km d x m . 2 v _ 3 g i F \ S I Client: G Q \ S I G \ e

d Northmptonshire County Council i s r e v i R n r Project: u b w e N

- Northampton North West Relief Road 1 5 0 2 5

0 Title 0 7 \ S T C

E Figure 3 J O R P 0 \ : C

: Drawing No: Drawn: h t Figure 3 JG a P

Date: Checked: t n 07/08/2019 RS e m Scale: Approved: u RS c 8,000 @ A3 o Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2019 D

INFORMATION ON CJEU HRA RULINGS

Public

The Council for Justice of the European Union rulings

A number of CJEU rulings are relevant to the HRA screening exercise and are noted below.

The Wealden Judgement The Wealden Judgement5, handed down in March 2017, has introduced additional complexities into the assessment process in relation to in-combination and cumulative effects. Prior to this Judgement, air quality impacts on Habitats Sites were only considered alongside roads where the traffic growth associated with the individual Plan or Project being assessed exceeded specified screening criteria. These criteria were typically based on changes in vehicle movements and taken from the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB, HA207/076), namely: increases of 1000 vehicles per day or 200 Heavy Goods Vehicles per day (as Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)). The Wealden Judgement means that every single plan or project which, alone, is predicted to give rise to any increase in traffic or other air emission (however small) must be subjected to an in- combination assessment with other plans or projects (which would include those plans or projects with a similar tiny impact). However, the judgement did not rule out the application of thresholds in principal and this approach is normally taken as the basis of the assessment. The judgement has led to a more detailed analysis of three key questions to discern which plans and project are those where a detailed “in combination” assessment is required in relation to changes in air quality7: 1. Is your plan or project putting emissions into the air?; 2. If so, are those emissions at a level where they could actually be measured / perceived?; and 3. If so, is there a realistic (rather than hypothetical) risk that those emissions, alone, will have an adverse effect on the ecology of a SAC / SPA? A fuller justification will be required when applying the threshold approach.

5 Judgment in Wealden District Council v. Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Lewes District Council and South Downs National Park Authority [2017] EWHC 351 (Admin) DATE: 21 Mar 2017.

6 DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Volume 11, Section 3, Part 1. Available at: http://dmrb.net/ha/standards/dmrb/vol11/section3/ha20707.pdf (Accessed 02/12/18). 7 https://www.freeths.co.uk/2017/04/25/environmental-bulletin-spring-2017/

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People over Wind (The Sweetman Case) The Court of Justice of the European Union’s (CJEU’s) decision in the matter of People Over Wind and Sweetman v Coillte Teoranta (C-323/17) (hereafter referred to as the ‘Sweetman Case’)8, states that: ‘Article 6(3) ………. must be interpreted as meaning that, in order to determine whether it is necessary to carry out, subsequently, an Appropriate Assessment of the implications, for a site concerned, of a plan or project, it is not appropriate, at the screening stage, to take account of measures intended to avoid or reduce the harmful effects of the plan or project on that site.’ In the new judgement the CJEU concluded that mitigation measures could not be considered as part of the project, and thus that the screening stage of HRA should not take account of them. This will undoubtedly be tested further in the courts in coming months and years, but the key issue is whether the mitigation measures proposed can genuinely be considered as part of the project, in that they would happen in any case, irrespective of the Habitats site. If not, then they should be considered mitigation measures, and considered at the Appropriate Assessment stage of HRA. This is an emerging issue for local authorities and means that, because of the potential for ‘in- combination effects and the fact that HRA Screening should not take into account measures targeted at mitigating effects on Habitats Sites. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly commonplace for local authorities to conduct an Appropriate Assessment of all project, plans and planning applications (i.e. these are often no longer screened out, by way of an HRA Screening as has been the practise to date).

CJEU Ruling in the Netherlands nitrogen and agriculture cases c-293/17 and c-294/17 The final Court Judgement in relation to these two cases was handed down on the 7th November 2018. The ruling is still being reviewed by industry professionals and Natural England is yet to issue its Position Statement on the ruling. The judgement relates to the assessment of agricultural activities under the Habitats Regulations, but has potential implications for the assessment of changes in nitrogen (N) deposition in relation to air quality (as the air quality calculations draw upon N deposition rates from APIS9 and guidance within the DMRB which assumes a 2% reduction in N deposition year on year). Of particular relevance to the assessment of air quality effects on Habitats Sites, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that: “An ‘appropriate assessment’ may only take into account the existence of Article 6(1) ‘conservation measures’, or Article 6(2) ‘preventive measures’, or specific measures adopted for a conservation

8 Sweetman v. An Bord Pleanála, Case C-258/11, CJEU judgment 11 April 2013. 9 Air Pollution Information System (APIS). Available at http://www.apis.ac.uk/ (Accessed 02/12/18).

programme, or ‘autonomous’ measures not in the programme, if the expected benefits of those measures are certain at the time of the assessment. The Ruling makes clear that certainty and a thorough and in-depth examination of the scientific soundness is required that that there is no reasonable scientific doubt as to the absence of adverse effects of each plan or project on the integrity of the site concerned.

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UPPER NENE VALLEY GRAVEL PITS SPA STANDARD DATA FORM

Public

NATURA 2000 – STANDARD DATA FORM

Special Protection Areas under the EC Birds Directive.

Each Natura 2000 site in the United Kingdom has its own Standard Data Form containing site-specific information. The data form for this site has been generated from the Natura 2000 Database submitted to the European Commission on the following date:

22/12/2015

The information provided here, follows the officially agreed site information format for Natura 2000 sites, as set out in the Official Journal of the European Union recording the Commission Implementing Decision of 11 July 2011 (2011/484/EU).

The Standard Data Forms are generated automatically for all of the UK’s Natura 2000 sites using the European Environment Agency’s Natura 2000 software. The structure and format of these forms is exactly as produced by the EEA’s Natura 2000 software (except for the addition of this coversheet and the end notes). The content matches exactly the data submitted to the European Commission.

Please note that these forms contain a number of codes, all of which are explained either within the data forms themselves or in the end notes.

Further technical documentation may be found here http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Natura_2000/reference_portal

As part of the December 2015 submission, several sections of the UK’s previously published Standard Data Forms have been updated. For details of the approach taken by the UK in this submission please refer to the following document: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/Natura2000_StandardDataForm_UKApproach_Dec2015.pdf

More general information on Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in the United Kingdom is available from the SPA home page on the JNCC website. This webpage also provides links to Standard Data Forms for all SPAs in the UK.

Date form generated by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee 25 January 2016.

http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/

NATURA 2000 - STANDARD DATA FORM For Special Protection Areas (SPA), Proposed Sites for Community Importance (pSCI), Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and for Special Areas of Conservation (SAC)

SITE UK9020296

SITENAME Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SITE IDENTIFICATION 2. SITE LOCATION 3. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 4. SITE DESCRIPTION 5. SITE PROTECTION STATUS AND RELATION WITH CORINE BIOTOPES 6. SITE MANAGEMENT 7. MAP OF THE SITE

1. SITE IDENTIFICATION

1.1 Type 1.2 Site code Back to top A UK9020296

1.3 Site name

Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits

1.4 First Compilation date 1.5 Update date 2011-04 2015-12

1.6 Respondent:

Name/Organisation: Joint Nature Conservation Committee Joint Nature Conservation Committee Monkstone House City Road Peterborough Address: PE1 1JY Email:

1.7 Site indication and designation / classification dates

Date site classified as SPA: 2011-04

Regulations 12A and 13-15 of the Conservation Habitats and Species Regulations 2010, National legal reference of SPA (http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/490/contents/made) designation as amended by The Conservation of Habitats and Species (Amendment) Regulations 2011 (http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2011/625/contents/made).

2. SITE LOCATION Back to top 2.1 Site-centre location [decimal degrees]:

Longitude Latitude -0.5822 52.3344

2.2 Area [ha]: 2.3 Marine area [%] 1357.68 0.0

2.4 Sitelength [km]: 35.0

2.5 Administrative region code and name

NUTS level 2 code Region Name

UKF2 Leicestershire, Rutland and Northamptonshire

2.6 Biogeographical Region(s)

(100.0 Atlantic %)

3. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Back to top 3.2 Species referred to in Article 4 of Directive 2009/147/EC and listed in Annex II of Directive 92/43/EEC and site evaluation for them

Species Population in the site Site assessment

Scientific G Code S NP T Size Unit Cat. D.qual. A|B|C|D A|B|C Name

Min Max Pop. Con. Iso. Glo.

B A056 Anas clypeata w 178 178 i G C C

Anas B A050 w 5001 5001 i G C C penelope

Anas B A053 w 2312 2312 i G C C platyrhynchos

B A051 Anas strepera w 12 12 Bfemales G B C

B A059 Aythya ferina w 625 625 i G C C

Aythya B A061 w 1187 1187 i G C C fuligula

Botaurus B A021 w 2 2 i G B C stellaris

B A125 Fulica atra w 2323 2323 i G C C

Phalacrocorax B A017 w 285 285 i G C C carbo

Pluvialis B A140 w 5790 5790 i G B C apricaria B A005 Podiceps w 288 288 i G C C cristatus

Vanellus B A142 w 3349 3349 i G C C vanellus

Group: A = Amphibians, B = Birds, F = Fish, I = Invertebrates, M = Mammals, P = Plants, R = Reptiles S: in case that the data on species are sensitive and therefore have to be blocked for any public access enter: yes NP: in case that a species is no longer present in the site enter: x (optional) Type: p = permanent, r = reproducing, c = concentration, w = wintering (for plant and non-migratory species use permanent) Unit: i = individuals, p = pairs or other units according to the Standard list of population units and codes in accordance with Article 12 and 17 reporting (see reference portal) Abundance categories (Cat.): C = common, R = rare, V = very rare, P = present - to fill if data are deficient (DD) or in addition to population size information Data quality: G = 'Good' (e.g. based on surveys); M = 'Moderate' (e.g. based on partial data with some extrapolation); P = 'Poor' (e.g. rough estimation); VP = 'Very poor' (use this category only, if not even a rough estimation of the population size can be made, in this case the fields for population size can remain empty, but the field "Abundance categories" has to be filled in)

3.3 Other important species of flora and fauna (optional)

Species Population in the site Motivation

Scientific Species Other Group CODE S NP Size Unit Cat. Name Annex categories

Min Max C|R|V|P IV V A B C D

Waterfowl B WATR 23821 23821 i X assemblage

Group: A = Amphibians, B = Birds, F = Fish, Fu = Fungi, I = Invertebrates, L = Lichens, M = Mammals, P = Plants, R = Reptiles CODE: for Birds, Annex IV and V species the code as provided in the reference portal should be used in addition to the scientific name S: in case that the data on species are sensitive and therefore have to be blocked for any public access enter: yes NP: in case that a species is no longer present in the site enter: x (optional) Unit: i = individuals, p = pairs or other units according to the standard list of population units and codes in accordance with Article 12 and 17 reporting, (see reference portal) Cat.: Abundance categories: C = common, R = rare, V = very rare, P = present Motivation categories: IV, V: Annex Species (Habitats Directive), A: National Red List data; B: Endemics; C: International Conventions; D: other reasons

4. SITE DESCRIPTION

Habitat class % Cover

N07 19.0 N16 5.0 N06 49.0 N14 27.0

Total Habitat Cover 100

Other Site Characteristics 1 Terrestrial: Soil & Geology:basic,alluvium,neutral2 Terrestrial: Geomorphology and landscape:floodplain

4.2 Quality and importance ARTICLE 4.1 QUALIFICATION (79/409/EEC)Over winter the area regularly supports:Botaurus stellaris (Europe - breeding)2% of the GB population5-year peak mean 1999/2000 ? 2003/04Pluvialis apricaria [North-western Europe - breeding]2.3% of the GB population5-year peak mean 1999/2000 ? 2003/04ARTICLE 4.2 QUALIFICATION (79/409/EEC)Over winter the area regularly supports:Anas strepera (North-western Europe)2% of the population5-year peak mean 1999/2000 ? 2003/04ARTICLE 4.2 QUALIFICATION (79/409/EEC): AN INTERNATIONALLY IMPORTANT ASSEMBLAGE OF BIRDSOver winter the area regularly supports:23821 waterfowl(5 year peak mean 1991/92-1995/96)Including:Podiceps cristatus , Phalacrocorax carbo , Botaurus stellaris , Anas penelope , Anas strepera , Anas platyrhynchos , Anas clypeata , Aythya ferina , Aythya fuligula , Fulica atra , Pluvialis apricaria [North-western Europe - breeding], Vanellus vanellus

4.3 Threats, pressures and activities with impacts on the site

The most important impacts and activities with high effect on the site

Negative Impacts Positive Impacts Threats Activities, Pollution Pollution inside/outside and inside/outside Rank management (optional) Rank (optional) [i|o|b] pressures [i|o|b] [code] [code] [code] [code] H A04 I H F02 I H A02 I H E06 B H A06 I H A02 I H G01 I Rank: H = high, M = medium, L = low Pollution: N = Nitrogen input, P = Phosphor/Phosphate input, A = Acid input/acidification, T = toxic inorganic chemicals, O = toxic organic chemicals, X = Mixed pollutions i = inside, o = outside, b = both

4.5 Documentation Conservation Objectives - the Natural England links below provide access to the Conservation Objectives (and other site-related information) for its terrestrial and inshore Natura 2000 sites, including conservation advice packages and supporting documents for European Marine Sites within English waters and for cross-border sites. See also the 'UK Approach' document for more information (link via the JNCC website).

Link(s): http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/category/3212324 http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/category/6490068894089216

http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/Natura2000_StandardDataForm_UKApproach_Dec2015.pdf

5. SITE PROTECTION STATUS (optional)

Code Cover [%] Code Cover [%] Code Cover [%]

UK04 100.0

6. SITE MANAGEMENT

Organisation: Natural England Address: Email:

6.2 Management Plan(s): An actual management plan does exist:

Yes

No, but in preparation

X No

6.3 Conservation measures (optional) For available information, including on Conservation Objectives, see Section 4.5.

7. MAP OF THE SITES

INSPIRE ID:

Map delivered as PDF in electronic format (optional)

Yes X No

Reference(s) to the original map used for the digitalisation of the electronic boundaries (optional). EXPLANATION OF CODES USED IN THE NATURA 2000 STANDARD DATA FORMS

The codes in the table below are also explained in the official European Union guidelines for the Standard Data Form. The relevant page is shown in the table below.

1.1 Site type CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A Designated Special Protection Area 53 SAC (includes candidates Special Areas of Conservation, Sites of Community Importance and B 53 designated SAC) C SAC area the same as SPA. Note in the UK Natura 2000 submission this is only used for Gibraltar 53

3.1 Habitat representativity CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A Excellent 57 B Good 57 C Significant 57 D Non-significant presence 57

3.1 Habitat code CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO 1110 Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time 57 1130 Estuaries 57 1140 Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide 57 1150 Coastal lagoons 57 1160 Large shallow inlets and bays 57 1170 Reefs 57 1180 Submarine structures made by leaking gases 57 1210 Annual vegetation of drift lines 57 1220 Perennial vegetation of stony banks 57 1230 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts 57 1310 Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand 57 1320 Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimae) 57 1330 Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae) 57 1340 Inland salt meadows 57 1420 Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi) 57 2110 Embryonic shifting dunes 57 2120 Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ("white dunes") 57 2130 Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ("grey dunes") 57 2140 Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum 57 2150 Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno-Ulicetea) 57 2160 Dunes with Hippopha• rhamnoides 57 2170 Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae) 57 2190 Humid dune slacks 57 21A0 Machairs (* in Ireland) 57 2250 Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp. 57 2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands 57 3110 Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae) 57 Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of 3130 57 the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea 3140 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. 57 3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type vegetation 57 CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO 3160 Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds 57 3170 Mediterranean temporary ponds 57 3180 Turloughs 57 Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion 3260 57 vegetation 4010 Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix 57 4020 Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix 57 4030 European dry heaths 57 4040 Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans 57 4060 Alpine and Boreal heaths 57 4080 Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub 57 5110 Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.) 57 5130 Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands 57 6130 Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae 57 6150 Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands 57 6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands 57 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* 6210 57 important orchid sites) Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in 6230 57 Continental Europe) 6410 Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae) 57 6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels 57 6510 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) 57 6520 Mountain hay meadows 57 7110 Active raised bogs 57 7120 Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration 57 7130 Blanket bogs (* if active bog) 57 7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs 57 7150 Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion 57 7210 Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae 57 7220 Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) 57 7230 Alkaline fens 57 7240 Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae 57 8110 Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani) 57 8120 Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii) 57 8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 57 8220 Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 57 8240 Limestone pavements 57 8310 Caves not open to the public 57 8330 Submerged or partially submerged sea caves 57 Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercion 9120 57 robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion) 9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests 57 9160 Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli 57 9180 Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines 57 9190 Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains 57 91A0 Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles 57 91C0 Caledonian forest 57 91D0 Bog woodland 57 Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion 91E0 57 albae) 91J0 Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles 57

3.1 Relative surface CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A 15%-100% 58 B 2%-15% 58 C < 2% 58

3.1 Conservation status habitat CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A Excellent conservation 59 B Good conservation 59 C Average or reduced conservation 59

3.1 Global grade habitat CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A Excellent value 59 B Good value 59 C Significant value 59

3.2 Population (abbreviated to ‘Pop.’ in data form) CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A 15%-100% 62 B 2%-15% 62 C < 2% 62 D Non-significant population 62

3.2 Conservation status species (abbreviated to ‘Con.’ in data form) CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A Excellent conservation 63 B Good conservation 63 C Average or reduced conservation 63

3.2 Isolation (abbreviated to ‘Iso.’ in data form) CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A Population (almost) Isolated 63 B Population not-isolated, but on margins of area of distribution 63 C Population not-isolated within extended distribution range 63

3.2 Global Grade (abbreviated to ‘Glo.’ Or ‘G.’ in data form) CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A Excellent value 63 B Good value 63 C Significant value 63

3.3 Assemblages types CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO WATR Non breeding waterfowl assemblage UK specific code SBA Breeding seabird assemblage UK specific code BBA Breeding bird assemblage (applies only to sites classified pre 2000) UK specific code

4.1 Habitat class code CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO N01 Marine areas, Sea inlets 65 N02 Tidal rivers, Estuaries, Mud flats, Sand flats, Lagoons (including saltwork basins) 65 N03 Salt marshes, Salt pastures, Salt steppes 65 N04 Coastal sand dunes, Sand beaches, Machair 65 N05 Shingle, Sea cliffs, Islets 65 N06 Inland water bodies (Standing water, Running water) 65 N07 Bogs, Marshes, Water fringed vegetation, Fens 65 N08 Heath, Scrub, Maquis and Garrigue, Phygrana 65 N09 Dry grassland, Steppes 65 N10 Humid grassland, Mesophile grassland 65 N11 Alpine and sub-Alpine grassland 65 N14 Improved grassland 65 N15 Other arable land 65 N16 Broad-leaved deciduous woodland 65 N17 Coniferous woodland 65 N19 Mixed woodland 65 N21 Non-forest areas cultivated with woody plants (including Orchards, groves, Vineyards, Dehesas) 65 N22 Inland rocks, Screes, Sands, Permanent Snow and ice 65 N23 Other land (including Towns, Villages, Roads, Waste places, Mines, Industrial sites) 65 N25 Grassland and scrub habitats (general) 65 N26 Woodland habitats (general) 65

4.3 Threats code CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO A01 Cultivation 65 A02 Modification of cultivation practices 65 A03 Mowing / cutting of grassland 65 A04 Grazing 65 A05 Livestock farming and animal breeding (without grazing) 65 A06 Annual and perennial non-timber crops 65 A07 Use of biocides, hormones and chemicals 65 A08 Fertilisation 65 A10 Restructuring agricultural land holding 65 A11 Agriculture activities not referred to above 65 B01 Forest planting on open ground 65 B02 Forest and Plantation management & use 65 B03 Forest exploitation without replanting or natural regrowth 65 B04 Use of biocides, hormones and chemicals (forestry) 65 B06 Grazing in forests/ woodland 65 B07 Forestry activities not referred to above 65 C01 Mining and quarrying 65 C02 Exploration and extraction of oil or gas 65 C03 Renewable abiotic energy use 65 D01 Roads, paths and railroads 65 D02 Utility and service lines 65 D03 Shipping lanes, ports, marine constructions 65 D04 Airports, flightpaths 65 D05 Improved access to site 65 E01 Urbanised areas, human habitation 65 E02 Industrial or commercial areas 65 CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO E03 Discharges 65 E04 Structures, buildings in the landscape 65 E06 Other urbanisation, industrial and similar activities 65 F01 Marine and Freshwater Aquaculture 65 F02 Fishing and harvesting aquatic ressources 65 Hunting and collection of wild animals (terrestrial), including damage caused by game (excessive density), and taking/removal of terrestrial animals (including collection of insects, reptiles, F03 65 amphibians, birds of prey, etc., trapping, poisoning, poaching, predator control, accidental capture (e.g. due to fishing gear), etc.) F04 Taking / Removal of terrestrial plants, general 65 F05 Illegal taking/ removal of marine fauna 65 F06 Hunting, fishing or collecting activities not referred to above 65 G01 Outdoor sports and leisure activities, recreational activities 65 G02 Sport and leisure structures 65 G03 Interpretative centres 65 G04 Military use and civil unrest 65 G05 Other human intrusions and disturbances 65 H01 Pollution to surface waters (limnic & terrestrial, marine & brackish) 65 H02 Pollution to groundwater (point sources and diffuse sources) 65 H03 Marine water pollution 65 H04 Air pollution, air-borne pollutants 65 H05 Soil pollution and solid waste (excluding discharges) 65 H06 Excess energy 65 H07 Other forms of pollution 65 I01 Invasive non-native species 65 I02 Problematic native species 65 I03 Introduced genetic material, GMO 65 J01 Fire and fire suppression 65 J02 Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions 65 J03 Other ecosystem modifications 65 K01 Abiotic (slow) natural processes 65 K02 Biocenotic evolution, succession 65 K03 Interspecific faunal relations 65 K04 Interspecific floral relations 65 K05 Reduced fecundity/ genetic depression 65 L05 Collapse of terrain, landslide 65 L07 Storm, cyclone 65 L08 Inundation (natural processes) 65 L10 Other natural catastrophes 65 M01 Changes in abiotic conditions 65 M02 Changes in biotic conditions 65 U Unknown threat or pressure 65 XO Threats and pressures from outside the Member State 65

5.1 Designation type codes CODE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO UK00 No Protection Status 67 UK01 National Nature Reserve 67 UK02 Marine Nature Reserve 67 UK04 Site of Special Scientific Interest (UK) 67

UPPER NENE VALLEY GRAVEL PITS RAMSAR INFORMATION SHEET

Public Designation date: 04/07/2011 Ramsar Site no. 2023

Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 version

Available for download from http://www.ramsar.org/ris/key_ris_index.htm.

Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8 th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9 th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005).

Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS.

2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 14, 3rd edition). A 4th edition of the Handbook is in preparation and will be available in 2009.

3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps.

1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY . Joint Nature Conservation Committee DD MM YY Monkstone House City Road Peterborough Cambridgeshire PE1 1JY Designation date Site Reference Number UK Telephone/Fax: +44 (0)1733 – 562 626 / +44 (0)1733 – 555 948 Email: [email protected] 2. Date this sheet was completed/updated: Designated: 7 April 2011 3. Country: UK (England) 4. Name of the Ramsar site: The precise name of the designated site in one of the three official languages (English, French or Spanish) of the Convention. Alternative names, including in local language(s), should be given in parentheses after the precise name.

Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits 5. Designation of new Ramsar site or update of existing site:

This RIS is for (tick one box only) : a) Designation of a new Ramsar site ⌧; or b) Updated information on an existing Ramsar site

6. For RIS updates only, changes to the site since its designation or earlier update: a) Site boundary and area

The Ramsar site boundary and site area are unchanged:

or If the site boundary has changed: i) the boundary has been delineated more accurately ; or ii) the boundary has been extended ; or iii) the boundary has been restricted**

and/or

If the site area has changed: i) the area has been measured more accurately ; or ii) the area has been extended ; or iii) the area has been reduced**

** Important note : If the boundary and/or area of the designated site is being restricted/reduced, the Contracting Party should have followed the procedures established by the Conference of the Parties in the Annex to COP9 Resolution IX.6 and provided a report in line with paragraph 28 of that Annex, prior to the submission of an updated RIS. b) Describe briefly any major changes to the ecological character of the Ramsar site, including in the application of the Criteria, since the previous RIS for the site:

7. Map of site: Refer to Annex III of the Explanatory Note and Guidelines , for detailed guidance on provision of suitable maps, including digital maps. a) A map of the site, with clearly delineated boundaries, is included as: i) a hard copy (required for inclusion of site in the Ramsar List): ⌧;

ii ) an electronic format (e.g. a JPEG or ArcView image) ⌧;

iii) a GIS file providing geo-referenced site boundary vectors and attribute tables ⌧.

b) Describe briefly the type of boundary delineation applied: e.g. the boundary is the same as an existing protected area (nature reserve, national park, etc.), or follows a catchment boundary, or follows a geopolitical boundary such as a local government jurisdiction, follows physical boundaries such as roads, follows the shoreline of a waterbody, etc.

The boundary follows the same boundary as Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SPA and encompasses most of the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest). For further details please see the maps provided at designation.

8. Geographical coordinates (latitude/longitude, in degrees and minutes): Provide the coordinates of the approximate centre of the site and/or the limits of the site. If the site is composed of more than one separate area, provide coordinates for each of these areas.

Longitude: 00° 34’ 56’’ W

Latitude: 52° 20’ 04’’ N

9. General location: Include in which part of the country and which large administrative region(s) the site lies and the location of the nearest large town.

Nearest town / city: Wellingborough (population: 72,519 (2001)) and Northampton (population: 212,100 (2010))

The Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits are located in the East Midlands region which is situated towards the centre of England in the county of Northamptonshire. The site extends for approximately 35 kilometres along the alluvial deposits of the River Nene floodplain on the southern outskirts of Northampton, downstream to Thorpe Waterville, north of Thrapston.

10. Elevation: (in metres: average and/or maximum & minimum) Min: 24m Max: 59m Mean: 37.77m

11. Area: (in hectares) 1,358

12. General overview of the site: Provide a short paragraph giving a summary description of the principal ecological characteristics and importance of the wetland.

This chain of both active and disused sand and gravel pits form an extensive series of shallow and deep open waters which occur in association with a wide range of marginal features, such as sparsely-vegetated islands, gravel bars and shorelines and habitats including reedswamp, marsh, wet ditches, rush pasture, rough grassland and scattered scrub.

This range of habitats and the varied topography of the lagoons provide valuable resting and feeding conditions for concentrations of wintering waterbirds, especially ducks and waders. Species such as golden plover Pluvialis apricaria and lapwing Vanellus vanellus also spend time feeding and roosting on surrounding agricultural land outside the Ramsar site.

13. Ramsar Criteria: Tick the box under each Criterion applied to the designation of the Ramsar site. See Annex II of the Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for the Criteria and guidelines for their application (adopted by Resolution VII.11). All Criteria which apply should be ticked.

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 8 • 9 ⌧⌧⌧ ⌧⌧⌧

14. Justification for the application of each Criterion listed in 13 above: Provide justification for each Criterion in turn, clearly identifying to which Criterion the justification applies (see Annex II for guidance on acceptable forms of justification). The site qualifies under Criterion 5 because it regularly supports 20,000 or more waterbirds: In the non-breeding season, the site regularly supports 23,821 individual waterbirds (5 year peak mean 1999/2000 – 2003/04). The site qualifies under Criterion 6 because it regularly supports 1% of the individuals in the populations of the following species or subspecies of waterbird in any season: Species Count and season Period % of subspecies/population Mute swan 629 individuals - 5 year peak mean 1.7% Britain Cygnus olor wintering 1999/2000 – 2003/04 Gadwall 773 individuals – 5 year peak mean 2.0% strepera , NW Europe Anas strepera wintering 1999/2000 – 2003/04 (breeding)

Bird counts from : Denton Wood Associates. 2005. Wintering waterbirds in the Upper Nene Valley – supplementary data analysis in relation to possible SSSI, SPA and Ramsar site designation . Unpublished report to English Nature. Copies available from Natural England on request.

15. Biogeography (required when Criteria 1 and/or 3 and /or certain applications of Criterion 2 are applied to the designation): Name the relevant biogeographic region that includes the Ramsar site, and identify the biogeographic regionalisation system that has been applied. a) biogeographic region:

b) biogeographic regionalisation scheme (include reference citation):

16. Physical features of the site: Describe, as appropriate, the geology, geomorphology; origins - natural or artificial; hydrology; soil type; water quality; water depth, water permanence; fluctuations in water level; tidal variations; downstream area; general climate, etc.

Soil & Geology Alluvium, basic, neutral Geomorphology & Floodplain, excavations landscape Nutrient Status Eutrophic pH Circumneutral Salinity Fresh Soil Mainly organic Water permanence Permanent Summary of main Annual averages (Bedford 1971 – 2000) climatic features http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/bedford.html

Max. daily temperature: 13.5 °C Min daily temperature: 5.6 °C Days of air frost: 50.5 Rainfall: 584.4mm Hrs of sunshine: 1523.6

17. Physical features of the catchment area: Describe the surface area, general geology and geomorphological features, general soil types, and climate (including climate type).

The River Nene Catchment is 631 square miles (1,630km 2).

The key characteristics of the wider Nene Valley - broad, flat and predominantly wide floodplain surrounded by rising landform of adjacent landscape types; deep, alluvial clay and silt with sand and gravel, masking the underlying geology; river channel with slow flowing watercourse with limited bank side vegetation in areas.

18. Hydrological values: Describe the functions and values of the wetland in groundwater recharge, flood control, sediment trapping, shoreline stabilization, etc.

Flood water storage

19. Wetland Types a) presence: Circle or underline the applicable codes for the wetland types of the Ramsar “Classification System for Wetland Type” present in the Ramsar site. Descriptions of each wetland type code are provided in Annex I of the Explanatory Notes & Guidelines .

Marine/coastal: A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • Zk(a)

Inland: L • M • N • O • P • Q • R • Sp • Ss • Tp Ts • U • Va • Vt • W • Xf • Xp • Y • Zg • Zk(b)

Human-made: 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • Zk(c)

b) dominance: List the wetland types identified in a) above in order of their dominance (by area) in the Ramsar site, starting with the wetland type with the largest area.

Code Name % Area 7 (Human-made) Excavations 49% 4 (Human-made) Seasonally flooded agricultural land 26% Other Other 18% 6 (Human-made) Water storage areas 5% Ts (Inland) Seasonal / intermittent freshwater 1% marshes / pools on inorganic soils Xf (Inland) Freshwater, tree dominated wetlands 1%

20. General ecological features:

Provide further description, as appropriate, of the main habitats, vegetation types, plant and animal communities present in the Ramsar site, and the ecosystem services of the site and the benefits derived from them.

Open water, with associated wetland habitats including reedbeds, fen grassland and woodland which support a number of wetland plant and animal species including internationally important numbers of wintering and breeding wildfowl.

21. Noteworthy flora: Provide additional information on particular species and why they are noteworthy (expanding as necessary on information provided in 14, Justification for the application of the Criteria) indicating, e.g., which species/communities are unique, rare, endangered or biogeographically important, etc. Do not include here taxonomic lists of species present – these may be supplied as supplementary information to the RIS.

Invasive plants present on site: • Floating pennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides • New Zealand Pigmy Weed Crassula helmsii • Nuttall’s Pondweed Elodea nuttallii

22. Noteworthy fauna: Provide additional information on particular species and why they are noteworthy (expanding as necessary on information provided in 14. Justification for the application of the Criteria) indicating, e.g., which species/communities are unique, rare, endangered or biogeographically important, etc., including count data. Do not include here taxonomic lists of species present – these may be supplied as supplementary information to the RIS.

Birds

Species occurring at levels of European importance (as identified at designation): Over winter the area regularly supports:

Annex 1 species Count and season Period % of GB population Bittern 2 individuals – 5 year peak mean 2.0% Botaurus stellaris wintering 1999/2000 – 2003/04 Golden plover 5,790 individuals – 5 year peak mean 2.3% Pluvialis apricaria wintering 1999/2000 – 2003/04

Species currently occurring at levels of national importance: Over winter the area regularly supports:

Species Upper Nene Period % of GB Valley Gravel Pits population SSSI (individual birds) Wigeon Anas penelope 5,001 5 year peak mean 1.2% 178 1999/2000 – 1.2% Shoveler 2003/04 Anas clypeata Pochard 625 1.1% Aythya ferina Tufted duck 1,187 1.3% Aythya fuligula Great crested grebe 288 1.8% Podiceps cristatus Cormorant 285 1.2% Phalacrocorax carbo Coot 2,323 1.3% Fulica atra

23. Social and cultural values: a) Describe if the site has any general social and/or cultural values e.g., fisheries production, forestry, religious importance, archaeological sites, social relations with the wetland, etc. Distinguish between historical/archaeological/religious significance and current socio-economic values:

• Aesthetic • Conservation education • Environmental education/ interpretation • Livestock grazing • Non-consumptive recreation • Scientific research • Sport fishing • Tourism • Transportation/navigation

b) Is the site considered of international importance for holding, in addition to relevant ecological values, examples of significant cultural values, whether material or non-material, linked to its origin, conservation and/or ecological functioning?

• No

If Yes, tick the box and describe this importance under one or more of the following categories: i) sites which provide a model of wetland wise use, demonstrating the application of traditional knowledge and methods of management and use that maintain the ecological character of the wetland:

ii) sites which have exceptional cultural traditions or records of former civilizations that have influenced the ecological character of the wetland:

iii) sites where the ecological character of the wetland depends on the interaction with local communities or indigenous peoples: iv) sites where relevant non-material values such as sacred sites are present and their existence is strongly linked with the maintenance of the ecological character of the wetland:

24. Land tenure/ownership: a) within the Ramsar site:

b) in the surrounding area:

Ownership category a) On- b) Off- site site

Non-governmental organisation (NGO) + + Local authority, municipality etc. + + Private + + Other + +

25. Current land (including water) use: a) within the Ramsar site: b) in the surroundings/catchment:

Activity a) On- b) Off-Site Site Nature conservation + + Tourism + + Recreation + + Current scientific research + + Fishing: recreational / sport + + Grazing + + Flood control + Transport route + Domestic water supply + Urban development + Non-urbanised settlements + Agriculture + +

26. Factors (past, present or potential) adversely affecting the site’s ecological character, including changes in land (including water) use and development projects: a) within the Ramsar site: b) in the surrounding area:

Adverse Reporting Description of problem Factor Category Category a) On a) Site b) Site Off Major impact Unspecified 1 Activities connected with ongoing urban development + development: cause significant disturbance to wintering birds if urban use unmanaged.

Vegetation 2 Lack of grazing is leading to succession from short + + succession grassland to rank grassland, scrub / woodland. Whilst this is desirable in certain areas, widespread vegetation succession will result in a decrease in the availability of suitable habitat for key species.

Introduction 2 Hydrocotyle ranunculoides , Nuttall’s Pondweed Elodea + / invasion of nuttallii and Crassula helmsii present in small areas of non-native the site plant species Recreation / 2 Access by people and dogs both on and off of pub lic + + + tourism rights of way is a significant cause of disturbance in some disturbance areas. The site is also subject to a variety of recreational activites including fishing & watersports.

Demand for access and formal / informal recreational activities within the Nene Valley are increasing; development of facilities / opportunities is often in an uncoordinated manner.

For category 2 factors only. What measures have been taken / are planned / regulatory processes invoked, to mitigate the effect of these factors?

Vegetation succession: This is principally being addressed through agri-environment schemes, predominantly HLS. This is only relevant where large areas of grassland are involved. The scope of agri- environment schemes mean that much of the land is not eligible and there are no alternative sources of funding for the small scale landowners / occupiers to undertake positive management works associated with marginal / aquatic habitats e.g. willow clearance around edge of a lake. Alternative sources for funding e.g. local grant schemes should be investigated. Issues leading to vegetation succession are also to be addressed through enhanced liaison with landowners/occupiers, management agreements and management plans; assisted by powers under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981, as amended.

Introduction / invasion of non-native plant species: Invasion of lakeside edges by invasive non-native plants is to be addressed through enhanced liaison with landowners / occupiers and The Environment Agency.

Recreation / tourism disturbance: The intensity and location of recreational activities taking place just prior to SSSI notification on 24 November 2005 was considered compatible with maintaining appropriate population levels. This is managed through voluntary agreements assisted by powers within Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 as amended and The Conservation of Habitats & Species Regulations 2010.

The development of future recreational opportunities is to be addressed through valley-wide tourism and recreational strategies to provide a coordinated approach; including the development of access management plans for key sites and that appropriate planning policies are incorporated within strategic planning documents to ensure developments take account of direct and indirect recreational disturbance. Natural England intend to support and work in partnership with the following initiatives: The Wildlife Trust's Nene Valley Vision, RSPB Futurescapes and River Nene Regional Park projects.

Is the site subject to adverse ecological change? Yes

27. Conservation measures taken: a) List national and/or international category and legal status of protected areas, including boundary relationships with the Ramsar site: In particular, if the site is partly or wholly a World Heritage Site and/or a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, please give the names of the site under these designations .

Conservation measure On-site Off-site* Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) + + Special Protection Area (SPA) + Land owned by a non-governmental organisation for + + nature conservation

*There are 3 small areas outside the boundaries of the Ramsar Site which are SSSI - two within the Upper Nene Valley gravel pits SSSI and one which is a separate SSSI called Wollaston Meadows. b) If appropriate, list the IUCN (1994) protected areas category/ies which apply to the site (tick the box or boxes as appropriate):

Ia ; Ib ; II ; III ; IV ; V ; VI c) Does an officially approved management plan exist; and is it being implemented?:

No d) Describe any other current management practices:

The management of Ramsar sites in the UK is determined by either a formal management plan or through other management planning processes, and is overseen by the relevant statutory conservation agency. Details of the precise management practices are given in these documents. Measures to mitigate current threats are mentioned under point 26.

28. Conservation measures proposed but not yet implemented: e.g. management plan in preparation; official proposal as a legally protected area, etc.

No information available. 29. Current scientific research and facilities: e.g., details of current research projects, including biodiversity monitoring; existence of a field research station, etc.

• Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) Counts • Ongoing SSSI unit monitoring • Various local Wildlife Trust monitoring and research projects

30. Current communications, education and public awareness (CEPA) activities related to or benefiting the site: e.g. visitors’ centre, observation hides and nature trails, information booklets, facilities for school visits, etc.

The Wildlife Trust for Northamptonshire and Rockingham Forest Trust make use of the site for environmental educational purposes, both formal and informal. The Wildlife Trust have also established an Ecology Group within the Nene Valley aimed at increasing the number of local people with wildlife monitoring skills and involvement with local reserves.

Within the wider Ramsar site, bird hides exist at Summer Leys Local Nature Reserve (LNR) and Titchmarsh LNR, both managed by the Wildlife Trust and at Stanwick Lakes, managed by Rockingham Forest Trust. There is a visitor centre at Stanwick Lakes (http://www.stanwicklakes.org.uk/northampton/things-to-do/visitor-centre/ ), managed by Rockingham Forest Trust which has interpretation facilities and an events programme relating to Stanwick Lakes; there is no wider Nene Valley focussed visitor centre.

31. Current recreation and tourism: State if the wetland is used for recreation/tourism; indicate type(s) and their frequency/intensity.

Recreational activities: bird-watching, walking, fishing, sailing, canoeing, water-skiing, cycling

Facilities provided: visitor centre, interpretation, bird hides, cafe

These activities / facilities are spread across the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits

32. Jurisdiction: Include territorial, e.g. state/region, and functional/sectoral, e.g. Dept of Agriculture/Dept. of Environment, etc.

Head, Natura 2000 and Ramsar Team, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, European Wildlife Division, Zone 1/07, Temple Quay House, 2 The Square, Temple Quay, Bristol, BS1 6EB

33. Management authority: Provide the name and address of the local office(s) of the agency(ies) or organisation(s) directly responsible for managing the wetland. Wherever possible provide also the title and/or name of the person or persons in this office with responsibility for the wetland.

Site Designations Manager, Natural England, 3 rd Floor, Touthill Close, City Road, Peterborough PE1 1UA, UK Phone 0845 600 3078; Email: [email protected]

34. Bibliographical references: Scientific/technical references only. If biogeographic regionalisation scheme applied (see 15 above), list full reference citation for the scheme.

Brayshaw, S. 2004. Biodiversity and conservation assessment of the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits in relation to possible SPA, Ramsar site and SSSI designation. RSPB, unpublished report. Cayford, J.T. & Waters, R.J. 1996. Population estimates for waders Charadrii wintering in Great Britain, 1987/88 – 1991/92. Biological Conservation 77 : 7-17. Denton Wood Associates. 2004. Wintering waterbirds in the Upper Nene Valley – additional data analysis in relation to possible SSSI, SPA and Ramsar site designation. Unpublished report to English Nature. Denton Wood Associates. 2005. Wintering waterbirds in the Upper Nene Valley – supplementary data analysis in relation to possible SSSI, SPA and Ramsar site designation. Unpublished report to English Nature. JNCC. 1999. The Birds Directive – selection guidelines for Special Protection Areas . JNCC Peterborough. Horsfall, J.A. 1986. Coot Fulica atra . In: The Atlas of Wintering Birds in Britain and Ireland, ed. by P. Lack. Calton, T. & A.D. Poyser. pp. 176-177. Hoyo, J. del, Elliot A. & Sargatal, J. eds. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona, Lynx Edicions. Kershaw, M. & Cranswick, P.A. 2003. Numbers of Wintering Waterbirds in Great Britain and the Isle of Man, 1994/1995 – 1998/1999): I. Wildfowl and selected waterbirds. Biological Conservation 111 : 91 – 104. Lack, P. 1986. The Atlas of Wintering Birds in Britain and Ireland. T & A D Poyser, Calton. Olney, P.J.S. 1963. The food and feeding habits of the Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula. Ibis 105 : 55-62. Owen, M., Atkinson-Willes, G.L. & Salmon, D.G. 1986. Wildfowl in Great Britain; second editio n. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Pollitt, M., Cranswick, P., Musgrove, A., Hall, C., Hearn, R., Robinson, J. & Holloway, S. 2000. The Wetland Bird Survey 1998-99: Wildfowl and Wader Counts. Slimbridge: BTO, WWT, RSPB & JNCC. Scott, D.A. & Rose, D.A. 1996. Atlas of Anatidae populations in Africa and western Eurasia. Wetlands International Publication No. 41. Wageningen, The Netherlands. Stone, B.H., Sears, J., Cranswick, P.A., Gregory, R.D., Gibbons, D.W., Rehfisch, M.M., Aebischer, N.J. & Reid, J.B. 1997. Population estimates of birds in Britain and in the United Kingdom. British Birds 90 : 1-22. Stroud, D.A., Chambers, D., Cook, S., Buxton, N., Fraser, B., Clement, P., Lewis, P., McLean, I., Baker, H. & Whitehead, S. 2001. The UK SPA network: its scope and content . Volumes 1-3. JNCC, Peterborough. Taylor, B. & van Perlo, B. 1998. Rails: A Guide to the Rails, Crakes, Gallinules and Coots of the World. East Sussex, Pica Press. Wetlands International. 2002. Waterbird Population Estimates – Third Edition. Wetlands International Global Series No. 12. Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Please return to: Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland Telephone : +41 22 999 0170 • Fax: +41 22 999 0169 • e-mail: [email protected]

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