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Opportunities for Rediscovering 's Forests Oregon Forest Resouces Institute Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests

xperience the woods. Take in Oregon’s forests. The programs Eyourself on an adventure in and activities presented here are Oregon’s forests to see, hear, smell consistent with OFRI’s and feel all you can. Learn from and education mission and goals, but enjoy the opportunities described in OFRI is not responsible for the this publication. content or accuracy of information The Oregon Forest Resources or materials provided in association Institute (OFRI), created by the with these opportunities. Oregon Legislature to improve public understanding about © 2006 Oregon’s forests and forest practices, offers this booklet to anyone who Oregon Forest Resources Institute wants to enjoy a learning experience 317 SW Sixth Avenue, Suite 400 Portland, OR 97204 (971) 673-2944 (800) 719-9195 www.oregonforests.org 1. Camp 18 Photographs by Steve Terrill 2. (except as noted) 3. Forest Park 4. Hoyt 5. World Forestry Center 6. Tryon Creek State Natural Area 21 7. Magness Tree Farm 1 3 Pendleton 5 8. Hopkins Tree Farm 4 Portland 2 6 9. Oregon Garden 7 8 Rediscovery Forest 10. Salem 9 20 10 11. McDonald-Dunn Baker City Research Forest 11 17 12 13 12. Starker Forests 13. Happy Valley Tree Farm Eugene14 Bend 14. Kintigh Ranch 18

15. Menasha Tour Burns Coos Bay 16. Skyview Ranch Tree Farm 15 17. Museum at Warm Springs Roseburg 18. High Desert Museum 19. Collier State Park 19 and Museum 16 20. Elkhorn Drive Medford Klamath Falls 21.

1 Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests

walk through a forest renews, evolving set of forest protection Asoothes and inspires. If you’re rules; as scientists learn more about walking in a second-growth forest the intricate workings of a forest, it (one that has been cut and has continues to be revised. regrown), you might be surprised by While researchers explore the its beauty and diversity. On the wet, intricate inner life of the forest western side of the Cascades, more ecosystem, you are invited to go on than 11 million acres of forestland your own adventures. Stretch your are growing Douglas-fir, hemlock, legs, your lungs, your mind and cedar, spruce, alder and maple trees. your spirit: rediscover Oregon’s On the dryer eastern side, Oregon forests! boasts another 8 million acres of forestland—mostly ponderosa, lodgepole and sugar , , Douglas-fir, true firs and Englemann spruce. Oregon is one of the best places in the world to grow trees; tall trees you can walk among today in Douglas-fir Oregon may have been seedlings Pseudotsuga menziesii just 50 years ago. Botanists previously classified it as a spruce, Oregon was the first state in the hemlock, true fir and even as a pine. In 1825 nation to enact legislation calling Scottish botanist David Douglas finally for comprehensive environmental determined this tree to be a separate genus, protections on private and state Pseudotsuga. It can be readily identified forestlands. The Oregon Forest from the true firs (which all have cones that Practices Act, passed by the stand up from the branches like candles)— Douglas-fir cones hang down. legislature in 1971, protects and wildlife, sets standards for Oregon's state tree and most important reforestation and eases impacts of commercial tree species in the state, Douglas- logging and other operations on fir trees commonly reach 250 feet in height. soil, water and air. The Act is an This extremely versatile tree is used for houses, bridges, boats, furniture, paper, glue, photography supplies and thousands of other products.

2 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute A Guide to Exploring Oregon’s Forests

here are more than 45,000 owners who, through prior arrange- Tindividuals or families in Oregon ment, open their lands to visitors. To who own small woodlands. These arrange a visit, call one of the OSU woodland owners have a variety of Forestry Extension agents below: goals for their properties. They employ diverse approaches to forest Statewide management, depending (541) 737-3700 on their priorities and the Northwest Oregon Bigleaf maple ecological, economic and Portland (west of the Willamette River) plus Acer macrophyllum operational factors they are Columbia and Washington counties: A hardwood tree, the bigleaf working with. Many have a Chal Landgren – (541) 725-2102 maple is aptly named. Its leaves mix of timber, reforestation areas and wildlife habitat Portland (east of Willamette River) and are usually 6 to 12 inches in Clackamas County: diameter but can stretch to 15 enhancements. Mike Bondi – (503) 655-8631 inches, the largest of any maple. In addition to the oppor- Each leaf has five deeply cut tunities to visit private lands www.cof.orst.edu/cof/extended/extserv lobes. listed in this publication, In addition, the OSU Forestry Extension Bigleaf maple can grow to 100' there are other woodland Service and local woodlands associations tall and 4' in diameter. sponsor numerous forest tours each year. Preferring moist, well-drained soils, it grows on the west side 1 of the Cascades and Sierra Nevadas from British Columbia Camp 18 through most of California. n addition to a restaurant saws. Located at milepost 18 on Bigleaf maple is a prized I and gift shop, Camp 18 Highway 26, Camp 18 is 60 miles furniture wood. It’s also used for features an “outdoor mu- from Portland and 22 miles from paneling and is suitable for seum” of old-time logging Seaside. equipment, including a flooring. Camp 18 161-foot raised spar tree, Elsie Route, Box 195 steam shovels, cranes and Seaside, OR 97138 (503) 755-1818 2 Tillamook State Forest

he Oregon Department of Portland in the lush, northern T of Forestry invites you Range. Here you to discover the Tillamook will find 364,000 acres of rugged State Forest. Come and mountains rising above clear rivers explore a unique forest where salmon and steelhead return located just 35 miles west to spawn. 3 Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests

Beginning in 1933, this area For information about the experienced a series of devastating Tillamook Forest Center: fires that consumed more than www.tillamookforestcenter.org. 350,000 acres. A reforestation For more information on the program supported by Oregonians Tillamook State Forest, contact a helped transform the Tillamook Burn district office or visit into the Tillamook State Forest. www.oregon.gov/odf. Today, visitors enjoy a young, replanted and restored forest man- aged to provide a range of benefits, Forest Grove District Office including recreation, wildlife habitat, Oregon Department of Forestry clean water and forest products we 801 Gales Creek Road use everyday. Forest Grove, OR 97116 (503) 357-2191 The new Tillamook Forest Center near milepost 22 on Highway 6 is Recorded Recreation Hot Line: a great place to start or end your 503-359-7402 adventure. The Center is a captivating design that includes a fire lookout Tillamook Forest Center tower and a suspension bridge span- 45500 Wilson River Highway ning the Wilson River. Visitors to the Tillamook, Oregon 97141 Center will find forest information, (503) 815-6800 engaging and fun exhibits and family friendly activities. Whether you’re looking for a The new scenic drive, a place to pitch your Tillamook tent or a trail adventure, you’ll find Forest something special in the Tillamook Center on State Forest. Many visitors also enjoy Highway 6 the forest and its streams for fishing, is a great , kayaking, swimming and place to learn viewing wildlife. about the Eight developed fee campgrounds surrounding offer a range of features and are open forest and from May to October. You’ll also find the infamous a trail for every type of use and fires that challenge here, with separate trails occurred for motorized and non-motorized there. activities. There are several view- points, waysides and picnicking Photo provided by OFRI. opportunities along Highway 6 and Highway 26.

4 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute 3 Forest Park ore than 110 species of birds forest harboring a wide variety of Mand 50 species of wildlife and native plant species, have been seen in Portland’s Forest hikers and joggers are delighted with Park, the nation’s largest wilderness the seasonal displays of spring wild- park within city limits. flowers and fall colors. Brochures Within the park, forest trails and maps, along with interpretive connect the Washington Park information, are available at the Hoyt Zoo complex, Hoyt Arbore- Arboretum Tree House. Black cottonwood tum, the Pittock Mansion Portland Parks & Recreation Populus trichocarpa and Audubon House. As the (503) 823-7529 The black cottonwood is a large hike trails winds through a www.portlandonline.com/parks/ hardwood growing 100' to 200' second-growth Douglas-fir tall and 6' in diameter. Its leaves come in two distinct shapes: triangular and spear shaped. Black cottonwoods generally grow along rivers and streams. Growth is quite rapid. Paper companies grow black cotton- wood to produce fiber for paper. It is used for pulp, plywood cores, crates and toys.

5 Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests 4 oyt Arboretum is a 185-acre from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. daily; the Hglobal garden where trees and Visitor Center is open Monday plants from around the world are through Friday, 9 a.m. - 4 p.m. and grown and exhibited. The Arboretum Saturdays from 9 a.m. - 3 p.m. collections and programs promote Hoyt Arboretum education and research while helping 4000 SW Fairview Blvd. to conserve plant biodiversity. Portland, OR 97221 Admission is free. Grounds are open (503) 823-3655 www.hoytaboretum.org

5 As you visit forests and tree farms World Forestry Center throughout Oregon, you will find different forest types. The Cascade he World Forestry Center Discovery Museum in Mountains separate dry eastside TPortland’s Washington Park features two floors of forests—dominated by ponderosa hands-on exhibits about sustainable forestry in the Pacific pine—from the wet, highly Northwest and around the globe. The Center also offers productive westside forests, where lectures, special events, classes and tours for schools. Douglas-fir is king. Oregon’s Many activities are held outdoors at the Center’s Magness southwestern forests boast a Memorial Tree Farm, 25 miles south of Portland. diversity of tree species that often grow World Forestry Center in mixed stands. 4033 SW Canyon Road Portland, OR 97221 It’s easy to recognize (503) 228-1367 Douglas-fir cones. They www.worldforestry.org are the only ones with three- pronged bracts extending from the scales. An old story describes 6 the protruding bracts as the legs Tryon Creek State Natural Area and tails of mice which dove into the cones for protection from a (SW Terwilliger stablished in 1970, this park forest fire. Eresulted from widespread commu- Blvd.). Turn south nity opposition to the site’s commer- on Terwilliger cial development. The result is a Blvd. and follow the brown and white 645-acre natural area that was the first Tryon Creek State Park signs. The state park in any major metropolitan park entrance is one mile past Lewis city. A unique partnership between and Clark College on the right. For the Oregon Parks and Recreation information on free guided hikes and Department and Friends of Tryon other programs contact: Creek enhances the educational Friends of Tryon Creek State Park programs offered here. The Nature 11321 SW Terwilliger Blvd. Center is open daily. Come explore Portland, OR 97219 this beautiful forest in the city. (503) 636-4398 To visit Tryon Creek State www.oregonstateparks.org/ Natural Area, take I-5 to Exit 297 park_144.php 6 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute 7 Magness Memorial Tree Farm agness Memorial Tree Farm is techniques. The popular half-mile Man 80-acre demonstration Nagle Trail is hard surfaced and offers forest and outdoor-education site a fascinating look into dynamic forests owned and managed by the World of the Pacific Northwest. Magness Forestry Center. This private Memorial Tree Farm is open daily from woodland, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. A schedule of tours, located 20 miles classes and special events is available. south of Port- Free guided tours are offered every land (near Sunday at 2 p.m., rain or shine. Wilsonville), Reservations are not necessary. Grand fir has 2.5 miles To visit the Magness Memorial of hiking trails. Tree Farm, take I-5 to Exit 283. Turn A large up to 250' tall, it The Woods west on Wilsonville Road and drive prefers moist locations and is Tour trail takes four miles to Edminston Road. Turn commonly found near streams, approximately right and travel 1.3 miles to SW Ladd around valleys and on lower two hours to Hill Road. Turn right and travel a slopes. walk and passes half mile to the tree farm. through nine It is one of six firs common to World Forestry Center the Pacific Northwest. True firs forest units that feature different 4033 SW Canyon Road can be identified because their (503) 228-1367 cones stand up on the branches management www.worldforestry.org like candles, as opposed to Douglas-fir, which is not a true fir and has cones hanging down like those of hemlock. 8 Hopkins Memorial Tree Farm Grand fir needles are two-ranked, his 140-acre “family forest,” owned and managed by meaning they TForests Forever, Inc., features a variety of management come out on demonstrations, wildlife habitat and watershed protection opposite measures. Located ten miles south of Oregon City, the sides of the tree farm is open daylight hours, seven days per week. stem. Guests are invited to enjoy a self-guided walk or guided Its wood is tour or to participate in a volunteer workday or often used community event. For more information, contact: for construc- Forests Forever, Inc. tion lumber. (503) 655-5524 The grand fir www.forestsforever-or.org is also an appealing Christmas tree.

7 Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests 9 Oregon Garden Rediscovery Forest he Rediscovery Forest, located in Tthe beautiful, park-like environ- ment of The Oregon Garden, is a demonstration forest for forestry Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta education, research and public enjoy- ment. Hike the trails through the Lodgepole are medium-sized forest and learn about reforestation, 70' to 100' tall. This tree usually growing Christmas trees, hardwood grows in pure, dense stands in dryer forest management, hybrid poplars areas of Oregon—generally on the east and native Douglas-fir forests. side of the Cascades. This is the same species known commonly as shore This forest presents numerous pine, which grows in a contorted opportunities for visitors to learn manner along the Oregon coast. about the dynamics of tree growth and forest development, the role of Lodgepole pine is one of the most management in maintaining forest aggressive and hardy of western forest health and vigor, and the products trees and under favorable conditions is and other values that come from capable of fully restocking open areas in a Oregon’s forests to help support the remarkably short period of time. quality of life we enjoy in the North- It is used for lumber, poles, fiber products, west. The forest is handicap-acces- fencing material and mine sible and The Oregon Garden pro- timbers. vides restroom facilities, a visitor center and café. Admission to the Rediscovery Forest is free with paid Oregon Garden admission. To visit The Oregon Garden, take I-5 to the Keizer exit (Exit 260 north- bound or Exit 260B southbound). Go east on Chemawa Road, which becomes Hazelgreen Road in one mile at the intersection with Highway 99E. Follow Hazelgreen Road approximately five miles. Turn right on Howell Prairie Road and follow it for two miles to Silverton Road (Highway 213), then turn left. Continue to the first stop sign in Silverton, and then turn right on Westfield Street. Follow Westfield to its intersection with Main Street and then turn right. The Oregon Garden entrance is directly ahead on the left. The Oregon Garden

Photo provided by OFRI. (503) 874-8100 or (877) 674-2733 Gateway to the Rediscovery Forest at the www.oregongarden.org Oregon Garden. 8 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute

Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis This is the largest spruce, measur- ing 125' to 180' tall. Early on it was known as tideland spruce because it is found on moist, well-drained sites not more than 50 miles from the Pacific Ocean. Spruce needles have points on the ends that make them prickly to the touch. This spruce is rated as shade tolerant, meaning it can grow in the shade, but is not as tolerant as hemlock. It is used for lumber, 10 aircraft, boats, piano Silver Falls State Park sounding boards, organs and he 8,700-acre Silver Falls The spectacular Silver Creek violins. It T State Park is the largest Canyon Trail, a seven-mile hiking also makes and most diverse state park trail, is the park’s most famous high-quality in Oregon, combining feature. The trail follows the courses newsprint. hiking, biking and horse of the north and south forks of trails, campgrounds, group Silver Creek and affords some of the picnic shelters, natural most awe-inspiring views anywhere interpretation, historical in Oregon. buildings, youth camps, To visit Silver Falls State Park, ranches and a conference take I-5 to the Woodburn exit. center for groups. Go east on Highway 214 and travel The trails encompass second- through Woodburn. Follow signs on growth stands of Douglas-fir and Highway 214 to Silverton (6 miles). western hemlock. Oregon grape, From Silverton, follow the signs to salal and sword fern are among the Silver Falls State Park on Highway common vegetation here. Deer are 214 (about 15 miles). numerous and beavers have built Oregon State Park dams and gnawed trees in the Information Center canyon creeks. Rabbits, birds, (800) 551-6949 chipmunks and squirrels seem to be www.oregonstateparks.org/ everywhere. Black bear, coyotes and park_211.php mountain lions () live in the remote areas of the park. 9 Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests 11 McDonald-Dunn Research Forest regon State University’s including the 1.5-mile Intensive OMcDonald-Dunn Forest Management Trail, and a large comprises 11,250 acres dedicated to open-air shelter is available for strengthening the research, teaching educational group use. and outreach mission of the College To visit the McDonald-Dunn of Forestry. Located just north of Research Forest, take Highway 99W Corvallis, the forest supports over about 5 miles north from Corvallis 60 active research projects each year. and follow the posted signs to the Visitors are invited to learn about Peavy Arboretum. forest research, ecology and management on 8.5 miles of OSU College Forest Field Office interpretive trails and by foot, 8692 Peavy Arboretum Road horseback or bicycle on over Corvallis, OR 97330 60 miles of multi-use trails (541) 737-4452 and roads. www.cof.orst.edu/cf/ A good place to begin your visit is at the Badewitz Kiosk in Peavy Arboretum. Visitors will find five interpretive trails of varying lengths,

Moss covers the trunks of oak trees on Fanno Ridge, west of Corvallis. 10 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute 12 Starker Forests n afternoon guided tour of a opportunities to plant and animal Aworking Oregon forest awaits habitats to forest products. Tours you. Enjoy the natural beauty of run Wednesday afternoons, mid a 63,000-acre forest carefully man- June through September, and depart aged by Starker Forests, Inc. A at 1 p.m. from the Corvallis Inn, forester guide, transportation and 1550 North Ninth Street, Corvallis, refreshments are all provided. You’ll and return at 4:30 p.m. A mill tour learn about Oregon’s Coast Range is also offered during the summer. geography, geology and history. For reservations, directions and Discover the diversity a multiple-use more information, call the Corvallis forest provides, from recreational Convention and Visitors Bureau at (541) 757-1544 or (800) 334-8118. 13 Red alder Happy Valley Tree Farm ational Outstanding Tree Farmers of the Year (1982) Oregon’s most important hardwood tree, red NBert and Betty Udell use a technique of removing alder can reach 120' in height and 3' in larger, marketable trees, allowing sunlight to reach the diameter. It primarily grows in lowland areas smaller trees and releasing them to grow faster. Tours of and is seldom found above 2,500 feet. It's this tree farm in Lebanon are available by appointment. identifiable by its leaves and For more information and directions, call the Udells at bark. The leaves are large (541) 258-6643. and eggshaped. Its trunk is covered with gray-white bark with black patches. 14 Alder captures nitrogen Kintigh’s Mountain Home Ranch in its root nodules. As his Springfield-area property has been in the Kintigh roots die, some nitrogen Tfamily, honored as 2005 Oregon Tree Farmers of the is released into the soil, Year, for nearly 50 years. What then were stumps, brush creating an environment and small trees now is an intensively managed forest good for conifers. plus a tree seedling nursery and a Christmas tree Alder is used for furniture, business. The timber management goal is sustainable pallets, wooden ware, plugs wood production while protecting soil productivity and for paper rolls and toys. water quality, creating or improving wildlife habitat and controlling invasive non-native plants. A garden with more than 700 types of rhododendrons is open to the public. Tours are available by appointment. For directions and more information, call the Kintighs at (541) 741-9833.

11 Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests 15 Menasha Woods Tour pend a day in the woods with a information or to sign Western Sforester. From July to September, up for a tour, call the red cedar Menasha Forest Products Corpora- Chamber at tion offers free guided tours with a (541) 269-0215. professional forester of their Isthmus A large conifer 150' to 200' tall, Menasha Forest Prod- Slough Working Forest near Coos the western red cedar is found ucts Corporation also offers Bay. Free transportation departs along river bottoms, flats and tours by appointment. For mountain slopes. from the Bay Area Chamber of information, call the com- Commerce in Coos Bay. For more Red cedar is soft in texture, pany at (541) 756-1193. even and straight grained. Considered one of the four 16 most important Skyview Ranch Tree Farm species of the Pacific ayne and Colleen Kreiger were to encourage habitat for Northwest, red Wnamed the 1993 National wild birds, fish and other cedar is used Outstanding Tree Farmers of the Year. animals in addition to wood for siding, Both a cattle ranch and a tree farm, products. Tours are available interior finish, their land near Gold Beach is managed by appointment. Call the boat building, Kreigers at (541) 247-7990 fences, poles, posts, shakes 17 and shingles. The Museum at Warm Springs he Warm Springs Tribes own and Thanksgiving and Christmas) from Toperate this museum that offers a 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. look into their history and culture, The Museum at Warm Springs including their relationship with the P. O. Box 753 forest. The museum, located in Warm Springs, OR 97761 Warm Springs at 2189 Highway 26, (541) 553-3331 is open daily (except New Year’s Day, www.warmsprings.biz/museum/ 18 The High Desert Museum he Changing Forest Exhibit the summer months. The Museum Texplores the ponderosa pine forest includes an interpretive trail and ecosystem, the history of its use and programs that focus on forest fire. management, and current use The High Desert Museum conflicts and solutions. This exhibit 59800 South Highway 97 explains the role of forests and their Bend, OR 97702 dynamic nature. A steam-powered (541) 382-4754 sawmill is operated occasionally in www.highdesertmuseum.org 12 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute 19 Collier Memorial State Park and Logging Museum ollier Memorial State Park dating to the 1880s as well as more Cfeatures a campground, outdoor recent pieces. museum of historic logging Collier Memorial State Park equipment, a relocated pioneer and Logging Museum village and a new four-corral 46000 Highway 97 primitive horse camp and trailhead. Chiloquin, OR 97624 The logging museum features rare (541) 783-2471 and antique logging equipment www.oregonstateparks.org/ park_228.php

The Logging Museum at Collier Memorial State Park, Chiloquin 20 Elkhorn Drive signed 106-mile route travels tive guide to the Elkhorn Drive, Athrough the Elkhorn Mountains, contact the Baker City Visitor & Wallowa-Whitman National Forest Convention Bureau at (800) 523- and Anthony Lakes Recreation Area. 1235 or Wallowa-Whitman National The tour passes through Sumpter, a Forest at (541) 523-6391. booming mining and lumber town in To begin the driving tour, take 1900, and Granite, called “Oregon’s State Route 7 from Baker City to Greatest Ghost Town,” which fea- Sumpter and continue west on tures an old school, dance hall and Granite Hill Road to Bull Run Road. saloon. Most of the route is open At Granite, follow Forest Road 73 year-round but is not snow plowed north and follow signs to Haines. between Granite and the Anthony Finish on Route 30 and head south Lakes Recreation Area. For a descrip- 13 back to Baker City. Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests

Hikers on the Clatsop Loop Trail at Ecola State Park learn about the history of the forests along the trail. 21 Ecola State Park cola State Park offers year-round learn about the forests encountered Erecreation for all types of by Lewis and Clark and about the modern-day explorers. Stop for ecology of today’s coastal forestlands a picnic to feed your hungry through interpretive signage and adventurers before taking to the trail guides. many miles of trails. At Indian Beach you can begin your own Oregon State Park expedition on The Clatsop Loop Information Center Trail, an interpretive trail that gives (800) 551-6949 you the chance to walk in the www.oregonstateparks.org/ footsteps of Captain Clark and park_188.php members of the Lewis & Clark Expedition. This 2.5-mile trail climbs through a lush forest of Sitka spruce up to a hikers camp and returns along the western face of Ecola State Park, where it offers stunning vistas of the Pacific coastline. Along the way you’ll

14 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute Oregon’s Public Forest Lands Oregon State Forests Tillamook State Forest Forest Grove District Office 801 Gales Creek Road Forest Grove, OR 97116 (503) 357-2191 http://egov.oregon.gov/ODF/TSF/tsf.shtml Astoria District Office 92219 Highway 202 Astoria, OR 97103 (503) 325-5451 www.stateparks.com/clatsop.html Elliot State Forest Coos District office 63612 Fifth Road Coos Bay, OR 97420 (541) 267-4136 http://egov.oregon.gov/odf/ Rhododenrons bloom in a once-logged state_forests/elliott.shtml meadow slope below Mt. Hood, in Mt. Hood National Forest. North Cascade District office 22965 North Fork Road SE regon has about 28 million Lyons, OR 97358 (503) 859-2151 Oacres of forestlands. About www.stateparks.com/santiam.html 60 percent is owned by government agencies and is open to the public. You are welcome at Oregon’s 13 Klamath Lake District office 3200 DeLap Road national forests, national parks and Klamath Falls, OR 97601 national scenic areas plus more than (541) 883-5681 200 state parks. Many hiking trails www.stateparks.com/sun_pass.html and other recreational opportunities Crater Lake National Park are available. For information, maps P.O. Box 7 and brochures, contact one of the Crater Lake, OR 97604 agencies below: (541) 594-2211 www.nps.gov/crla Oregon Parks and Recreation National Memorial Department 92343 Fort Clatsop Road 1115 Commercial Street NE Astoria, OR 97103-9197 Salem, OR 97301-1002 503-861-2471, Ext.214 (503) 378-6305 www.nps.gov/lewi www.oregonstateparks.org National Scenic Area Waucoma Center 902 Wasco Avenue, Suite 200 Hood River, OR 97031 15 (541) 386-2333 www.fs.fed.us/r6/columbia Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests

Deschutes National Forest Wallowa-Whitman National Forest 1645 Highway 20 East 1550 Dewey Bend, OR 97701 Baker City, OR 97814 (541) 383-5300 (541) 523-6391 www.fs.fed.us/r6/centraloregon www.fs.fed.us/r6/w-w Willamette National Forest 1300 South G Street 211 East Seventh Avenue Lakeview, OR 97630 Eugene, OR 97401 (541) 947-2151 (541) 465-6521 Ponderosa pine www.fs.fed.us/r6/fremont www.fs.fed.us/r6/willamette Winema National Forest Commercially, this is the 431 Patterson Bridge Road 2819 Dahlia Street most important pine in John Day, OR 97845 Klamath Falls, OR 97601 western North America. It is (541) 575-3000 (541) 883-6714 a prominent eastern Oregon www.fs.fed.us/r6/malheur www.fs.fed.us/r6/frewin conifer, growing 125' to 180' Mt. Hood National Forest tall and 3' to 6' in diameter. 16400 Champion Way For general information on the It can be recognized by its Sandy, OR 97055 national forest lands near you: bark, which is yellowish- (503) 668-1700 orange when mature and www.fs.fed.us/r6/mthood U.S.D.A. Forest Service Pacific composed of distinctive Northwest Regional Office jigsaw-looking pieces. 333 SW First Avenue 3160 NE Third Street Portland, OR 97204 Ponderosa pine makes up Prineville, OR 97754 (503) 808-2200 half the trees found east of (541) 416-6500 www.fs.fed.us/r6 Oregon's Cascade summit. It www.fs.fed.us/r6/centraloregon also can be found growing Rogue River National Forest For more information about in southwest Oregon, down 333 West Eighth Street Oregon’s forests: the western slope of the Medford, OR 97501 Cascades and even in the (541) 858-2200 Oregon Department of Forestry Willamette Valley. It is used www.fs.fed.us/r6/rogue 2600 State Street for molding, windows, doors Salem, OR 97310 and other millwork, Siskiyou National Forest (503) 945-7200 333 W. Eighth Street www.egov.oregon.gov/odf/ furniture, Medford, OR 97503 piling, (541) 858-2200 poles www.fs.fed.us/r6/siskiyou College of Forestry and 140 general 4077 Research Way Corvallis, OR 97331 construction Corvallis, OR 97339 (541) 737-2004 lumber. (541) 750-7000 www.cof.orst.edu www.fs.fed.us/r6/siuslaw Oregon Forest Resources Institute 317 SW Sixth Avenue, Suite 400 2517 SW Hailey Avenue Portland, OR 97204 Pendleton, OR 97801 (971) 673-2944, (800) 719-9195 (541) 278-3716 www.oregonforests.org www.fs.fed.us/r6/uma Oregon Small Woodlands Association 2900 NW Stewart Parkway 1775 32nd Place NE, Suite C Roseburg, OR 97470 Salem, OR 97303 (541) 672-6601 (503) 588-1813 www.fs.fed.us/r6/umpqua www.oswa.org 16 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute Common Plants of Oregon’s Forests Lupine hese plants are common in Lupinus spp. Oregon’s second growth forests: Lupines grow in clumps T and stand from one to three feet tall. Their many small flowers Sword fern range from blue and Polystichum munitum purple, to white with Sword fern abounds in westside pink, and—on the forests. Its fronds grow from a east side—bright yellow. central point and can be up Lupines are related to to five feet long. Separate a peas and their frond’s leaflets and, to- flowers are similar ward the stem, you’ll to pea flowers. find a little “thumb” on each one. In the Mesozoic era these ferns grew as trees and covered much of the earth.

Pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea Several little white “pearls” cluster on each stem of this plant, and Old man’s beard they even- Usnea spp. tually open This gray-green lichen, commonly to show yellow found growing on tree bark or centers. Pearly hanging from branches, resembles a everlasting does indeed straggly beard. When pulled gently, last a long time, and it is common each strand reveals an elastic, white on roadsides, burns, clearcuts and core. Lichen does not harm trees, other open areas. and is eaten by deer and in the winter, which helps them absorb 17 nutrients from other foods. Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests Kinnickinnick Cascade Oregon grape Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Berberis nervosa Kinnickinnick Especially common west of the was a trad- Cascades, Oregon grape is ing word an evergreen with leaves used by that resemble holly. The eastern tribes nervosa of its scien- and was applied tific name refers to to this plant by the veins in its leaves. traders who came Its “grapes” are really west. Its scientific sour berries which were name means “grape used by early settlers of bears,” and bears do to make jelly and enjoy the bright red wine. berries. Kinnickinnick has become a popular ground cover in Oregon cities and suburbs. Huckleberry Vaccinium spp. More than a dozen species of huckle- berry can be found Poison oak in Oregon, their Rhus diversiloba berries ranging in In Oregon, color from blue-black, you are through blue to red. likely to Huckleberries were extremely impor- find poison tant to certain tribes, who used fire oak only to maintain acres of the plants. The at low tasty berries are still gathered by elevations tribes and newer Oregonians. on the west side of the Cascades, especially in the Columbia Gorge. Poison oak can grow shrubby or vine-like. Watch out for three leaflets with wavy edges. The center Bitterbrush leaflet is symmetrically lobed but the Purshia tridentata Also called greasewood, other two leaflets often are more bitterbrush is found in lobed on their outer edge than on open forests east of the their inner edge (the edge towards Cascades and can be con- the center leaflet). The “oak” in this fused with sagebrush (but the plant’s name comes from its resem- edges of sagebrush leaves do not blance to oak leaves; the “poison” roll under). Its leaves are favored by comes from the allergic reaction elk and deer. most people develop by coming in contact with it. Stay away! 18 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute Who Lives in the Forest? LARGE MAMMALS ost forest-dwelling animals Elk M are secretive and may avoid Cervus elaphus human presence. The best way to Also known by their Shawnee name see them is by sitting “wapiti.” Most of the year, elk travel quietly in one place at in separate herds of adult males (bulls) dusk or near dawn. These and females (cows) with young. are some of the animals During the autumn breeding season, that live in Oregon’s bulls announce their location by second-growth forests: “bugling.” This haunting deep bellow and whistle can carry for miles. Only the most fit bulls are able to attract the females into herds called harems. The harem’s movements, however, are directed by an older cow, as the bull attempts to defend the harem from other bulls. After mating season, the males lose their antlers which can grow to an impressive five feet in length and weigh 40 to 50 pounds.

Black bear Ursus americanus Black bears are notoriously shy and avoid people so well that it is rare to catch even a glimpse of one. They also tend to avoid each other most of the time. Cubs (usually two) are born while the mother is in hibernation, and they spend the winter suckling and sleeping. Because bears do not go into a deep hibernation, the mother is able to take care of her young’s basic needs. During hibernation, a bear’s heart rate and metabolism slow consider- ably, and it depends on fat reserves built up in the fall. A black bear’s favorite foods are fruits, nuts, fish, 19 insects and their larvae, and honey. Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests

Mule deer Blacktail deer Odocoileus hemionus The closely-related mule deer and the blacktail deer have large ears and tails black at least at the tip. These deer are found only in the West, and they exhibit a particular gait adapted to the West’s rough terrain. The abrupt high leaps known as “stotting” allow the animal to easily change direc- tion to elude pursuers. Like their whitetail relatives, these deer flash the bushy white underside of their Animal tracks tail as they flee. You may find their You are more likely to find bedding sites, which tend to be evidence of large animals secluded spots of dense vegetation. than to see them. Look for Deer wear paths by regularly using these tracks, especially near the same routes. When you see a streams or in muddy or deer sign on the highway, it is likely dusty trails. that one of their paths crosses the roadway in that area. Elk

Deer

When in danger, a fawn’s legs collapse and it lies quietly until its mother returns. Every year, well-intentioned visitors take fawns from the woods in the mistaken belief that they are abandoned Black Bear or sickly. If you happen across a fawn on one of your visits to the forest, remember to leave it alone. (not to scale) 20 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute

Who Lives in the Forest? SMALL MAMMALS

Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Its Latin name translates as “tiny- handed boot mouse.” Deer mice eat Douglas’ squirrel seeds, berries, and the larvae and Tamiasciurus douglasii adults of insects. A female may have When the leaves are off deciduous up to four litters a year, each with trees, it is easy to spot squirrels’ three to five young. nests (which many people mistake for those of birds). Squirrel nests are large accumulations of leaves and twigs, found near the tops of trees. These spherical leafy nests are used most in summer; tree holes are favored in winter and by mothers with young.

If you find an unopened cone on the ground, chances are it was Townsend’s chipmunk harvested by a squirrel. Ordinarily, Tamias townsendii cones are still attached to the tree branch when they drop their seeds. Ground squirrels and chipmunks look But squirrels nip many green cones very much alike. Here’s a quick way to off their branches, and then tell them apart: Ground squirrels have a retrieve the fallen cones for their light-colored circle around their eyes winter caches. You might find while chipmunks have a dark horizontal some overlooked or forgotten cones stripe which runs “through” the eye. the next time you are in a forest. Their diet varies seasonally and includes fungi, huckleberries, conifer seeds, nuts 21 and roots. Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests

Raccoon Procyon lotor Raccoons are nocturnal and often spend their days sunning in a tree’s branches. They will eat just about anything, but cray- fish are a favorite. Do rac- coons really wash their food before eating it? They often dip their food in water, but the purpose of this activity is not known.

Beaver Castor canadensis Oregon’s State makes ponds by damming streams, and controls the pond’s size by releasing water or reinforcing the dam. Bea- vers are herbivorous and eat leaves, buds, branch ends and bark of woody plants as well as aquatic plants and herbaceous plants that grow near water. and aspen are their favorite foods. Although you may not spot a beaver, look for characteris- tically chewed tree stumps along a pond’s shore.

22 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute

Who Lives in the Forest? BIRDS

Western larch Larix occidentalis Blue Dark-eyed junco A unique conifer measuring Junco hyemalis 140’ to 180’ tall, western larch grouse Dendragapus obscurus The junco is a small bird that looks loses all its needles in the fall, like it has a dark hood over its when its bright yellow foliage is Large birds related to chick- head. They are ground feeders that easily identified. It is also called ens, grouse are grey-brown consume mostly seeds and some tamarack, although that name with blackish tails. They feed insects. Watch for white outer tail usually applies to larch in the and nest on the ground and feathers that show when they fly. eastern . are capable of flying only in In Oregon, western larch is short bursts. found on the east side of the from the center of the state north. It is Steller’s jay also found in the Cyanocitta stelleri Blue Mountains. This large bird’s crested head and shoulders are Larch is very black, and its body is a Northern intolerant of deep blue. Among its shade. The repertoire of raucous calls is flicker wood is hard Colaptes auratus an imitation of a red-tailed to distinguish hawk’s scream. The flicker is a from that of woodpecker with Douglas-fir. Steller’s jays cache Larch is used for nuts and seeds a spotted black construction under loose and buff breast, lumber, ground litter conspicuous black bib, posts and or in tree and red on the top of mine timbers crevices. its head, mustache because of its (males only), and the resistance to decay. underside of wings and tail. Like other woodpeckers, the flicker has a tongue considerably longer than its head. The tongue loops around the skull beneath the skin when the flicker is not retrieving insects from holes in trees. 23 Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests

Who Lives in the Forest? INSECTS

Western hemlock A large conifer 125’ to 200’ tall, western hemlock is quite common in western Water striders Oregon forests. The tops of Gerris species this species are bent over, These thin insects skate atop water which is quite noticeable on Tent caterpillar moths younger trees. Seeds are on four graceful long legs. The tips Malacosoma species of their legs are covered with water- prolific and seedlings can be resistant hairs that allow the insects The silk “tents” the bristly found growing on partially to glide on the surface tension in caterpillars build are conspicu- rotted stumps or logs, moist duff or bare mineral soil. calm pools or moving streams. Two ous in red alder trees every smaller, less noticeable legs near the decade or so, when cyclical Western hemlock prefers head are used for grasping prey. outbreaks of these brown moths occur. In an area of many alders deep shade, rain and fog. It grows especially well in the and many caterpillars you can dense, dark forests of actually hear them chewing the Oregon’s Coast and leaves. They slow the growth of Cascade ranges. the trees, but rarely kill any. It is used for pulp, general construction lumber, aircraft Western thatching ants veneer Formica obscuripes and Spittlebugs The nests of thatch ants plywood. Va r ious genera and species are often made of pine While the many species of spittlebugs needles and twigs may be hard to distinguish, they are and are usually easily found in the nymph stage 1- to 2-foot-tall under masses of spittle on plant mounds, though they stems. By probing gently in the can be much higher. You might spittle, you can find the spittlebug try following one of the trail of nymph; it is usually green and about ants radiating from the nest to one-eighth inch long. The nymphs the plants where they tend create the spittle from the plant aphids. These tiny green or juices they eat. The froth keeps the black insects are protected by nymph from drying out and may the ants and release sugary also protect it from predators. Adult “honey dew” when stroked spittlebugs resemble leafhoppers. by the ants’ antennae. 24 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute

Who Lives in the Forest? AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES

Rough-skinned newt Pacific Ta richa granulosa treefrog Hyla regilla

Its Latin name translates to “queenlet This of the forests.” The Pacific treefrog brown-backed can be recognized by its bulbous and orange-bellied newt is the one toe pads (which offer good grips you are most likely to find in the on trees) and the dark horizontal forest—unlike most of its kind, it isn’t stripe running “through” each nocturnal. The rough-skinned newt is eye. The male’s call is often heard safe roaming about in the daylight coming from ponds in the spring. thanks to a strong toxic skin secretion that can sicken or kill small animals Western toad that eat it. (If you handle one, be Bufo boreas boreas sure to wash your hands afterward.) Oregon’s Like other salamanders, newts must only native stay fairly close to water. forest-dwelling toad, the western toad is distinguished from frogs by its warty skin and tendency to walk instead of hop. And it can be found well away from water because it resists drying better than frogs. The western toad lives in burrows that it digs itself. Who Lives in the Forest? Northwestern garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides MOLLUSKS If you happen to see a snake, Banana slug chances are good it is a garter Ariolimax columbianus snake. These pretty little snakes are highly variable in color Common in the damp, westside forests the (black, brown, grey, or greenish, notorious banana slug gets its name from its with a yellow, orange or red yellow-greenish color. A mucous slime covers the stripe down the back). They slug and enables it to travel. Would-be often bask in sunny areas near predators (and audacious cover, and are harmless except humans) find banana to the slugs, salamanders and slug slime numbs the lips frogs that they eat. and tongue for a short time. 25 Opportunities for Rediscovering Oregon's Forests Who Lives in the Forest? FISH Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Look for black spots on the back and top half of the tail fin. Spawning males have bright red sides. Like other salmon, Coho use their sense of smell to determine not only which particular tributary they were hatched in and will spawn in, but also to recognize other fish by species and sex. Kokanee or sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Spawning adults have dark, greenish heads and red bodies; the males are more vivid in coloration than the females. Kokanee are typically hatched in streams near lakes, and live in the lakes for one to three years before head- ing for the ocean. After two to three years, they return to their native stream to spawn. Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis Dark green fish, brook trout have yellow spots and red spots outlined in blue. This fish is native to eastern North America but is commonly stocked in western streams. Like other hatchery fish, the brook trout is easier to catch than more elusive, wily wild fish. Rainbow trout/steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss Steelhead are rainbow trout that go to sea. Rainbow trout (wild or hatchery-raised) spend their entire lives in inland waterways; steelhead leave the streams of their youth to travel the wide ocean, then return home to spawn. A silvery, protein coating covers steelhead while in saltwater, but the red-streak “rainbow” on their sides gradually returns when they enter freshwater. 26 Oregon Forest Resouces Institute

OREGON FOREST RESOURCES INSTITUTE

Rediscover Oregon’s Forests

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