BPCRC Tech Report 2016-01 Final
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Message from Rob Dahlman Fire Chief
NLFR is committed to providing quality emergency services through the efforts of dedicated personnel. from both Fire Chiefs and Special Districts Association of Let’s talk consolidation. Oregon (SDAO). Message from As we begin this Each Board has passed a resolution to work towards consoli- Rob Dahlman process, here is a little dation; in other words, directing staff to work on the project Fire Chief history: and make a plan. In June of 2012, all the county fire districts participated in a What the plan is and will be is up to everyone. There will be consultant’s study on how to deliver and streamline Fire several opportunities to be a part of committee meetings, Services. There were several key findings in the report. association meetings, and board meetings to help craft what this new bigger district will look like. It stated that county-wide collaboration in maintaining volunteers and sharing resources is important. It recommend- There are lots of ideas out there. But please remember—all ed several consolidations and mergers; one of those being these ideas come with budgetary restrictions. What we want Depoe Bay and NLFR. to do is improve service. Fast forward to January 2019. When Chief Kerr decided to Right now, there is no set-in stone schedule and there is retire, the subject of joining together with Depoe Bay FD a lot of work to be done. Our first committee is a “Steering came up again. The Board of Directors of both agencies Committee” made up of two board members from each recognized that we are working more closely together than District and the Chief of each district. -
Evaluation of Four Global Reanalysis Products Using in Situ Observations
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres RESEARCH ARTICLE Evaluation of four global reanalysis products using 10.1002/2015JD024680 in situ observations in the Amundsen Sea Key Points: Embayment, Antarctica • There are significant discrepancies in reanalyses surface wind, humidity, and R. W. Jones1, I. A. Renfrew1, A. Orr2, B. G. M. Webber1, D. M. Holland3, and M. A. Lazzara4,5 temperature in the Amundsen Sea area • Temperature biases are greatest over 1Centre of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, and closer to the Antarctic continent 2 3 and near the surface British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences,NewYorkUniversity,NewYork,NewYork, 4 • Validation data include 38 radiosondes USA, Antarctic Meteorological Research Center, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, withheld from the reanalyses Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 5Department of Physical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Madison Area Technical College, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Supporting Information: • Supporting Information S1 Abstract The glaciers within the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE), West Antarctica, are amongst the most Correspondence to: rapidly retreating in Antarctica. Meteorological reanalysis products are widely used to help understand and R. W. Jones, simulate the processes causing this retreat. Here we provide an evaluation against observations of four of the [email protected] latest global reanalysis products within the ASE region—the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA-I), Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), Climate Forecast System Citation: Reanalysis (CFSR), and Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). The Jones, R. -
Induced Basal Melt for Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf, Antarctica David E
GPS-derived estimates of surface mass balance and ocean- induced basal melt for Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, Antarctica David E. Shean1,2, Knut Christianson2, Kristine M. Larson3, Stefan R.M. Ligtenberg4, Ian R. Joughin1, Ben E. Smith1, C. Max Stevens2, M. Bushuk5, D.M. Holland6,7 5 1Applied Physics Laboratory Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 2Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 3Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 4Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Netherlands 5Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA 10 6Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA 7Center for Global Sea-Level Change, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE Correspondence to: David Shean ([email protected]) Abstract 15 In the last two decades, Pine Island Glacier (PIG) experienced marked speedup, thinning, and grounding-line retreat, likely due to marine ice-sheet instability and ice-shelf basal melt. To better understand these processes, we combined 2008–2010 and 2012–2014 GPS records with dynamic firn model output to constrain local surface and basal mass balance for PIG. We used GPS interferometric reflectometry to precisely measure absolute surface elevation (zsurf) and Lagrangian surface elevation change (Dzsurf/Dt). Observed surface elevation relative to a firn layer tracer for the initial 20 surface (zsurf - zsurf0’) is consistent with model estimates of surface mass balance (SMB, primarily snow accumulation) and downward GPS velocity due to firn compaction (vfc). A relatively abrupt ~0.2–0.3 m surface elevation decrease, likely due to surface melt and increased compaction rates, is observed during a period of warm atmospheric temperatures from December 2012 to January 2013. -
K4MZU Record WAP WACA Antarctic Program Award
W.A.P. - W.A.C.A. Sheet (Page 1 of 10) Callsign: K4MZU Ex Call: - Country: U.S.A. Name: Robert Surname: Hines City: McDonough Address: 1978 Snapping Shoals Road Zip Code: GA-30252 Province: GA Award: 146 Send Record Sheet E-mail 23/07/2020 Check QSLs: IK1GPG & IK1QFM Date: 17/05/2012 Total Stations: 490 Tipo Award: Hunter H.R.: YES TOP H.R.: YES Date update: 23/07/2020 Date: - Date Top H.R.: - E-mail: [email protected] Ref. Call worked Date QSO Base Name o Station . ARGENTINA ARG-Ø1 LU1ZAB 15/02/1996 . Teniente Benjamin Matienzo Base (Air Force) ARG-Ø2 LU1ZE 30/01/1996 . Almirante Brown Base (Army) ARG-Ø2 LU5ZE 15/01/1982 . Almirante Brown Base (Army) ARG-Ø4 LU1ZV 17/11/1993 . Esperanza Base (Army) ARG-Ø6 LU1ZG 09/10/1990 . General Manuel Belgrano II Base (Army) ARG-Ø6 LU2ZG 27/12/1981 . General Manuel Belgrano II Base (Army) ARG-Ø8 LU1ZD 19/12/1993 . General San Martin Base (Army) ARG-Ø9 LU2ZD 19/01/1994 . Primavera Base (Army) (aka Capitan Cobett Base) ARG-11 LW7EYK/Z 01/02/1994 . Byers Camp (IAA) ARG-11 LW8EYK/Z 23/12/1994 . Byers Camp (IAA) ARG-12 LU1ZC 28/01/1973 . Destacamento Naval Decepción Base (Navy) ARG-12 LU2ZI 19/08/1967 . Destacamento Naval Decepción Base (Navy) ARG-13 LU1ZB 13/12/1995 . Destacamento Naval Melchior Base (Navy) ARG-15 AY1ZA 31/01/2004 . Destacamento Naval Orcadas del Sur Base (Navy) ARG-15 LU1ZA 19/02/1995 . Destacamento Naval Orcadas del Sur Base (Navy) ARG-15 LU5ZA 02/01/1983 . -
Point by Point Reply to Reviewer and Editor Comments
Point by point reply to reviewer and editor comments Reviewer 1 (anonymous): The manuscript presents new, recently exposed bathymetry data from the Pine Island Bay that show a former ice shelf pinning point and links this pinning point to changes in calving, rifting and movement of the Pine Island Ice Shelf over the last 10-20 years. This is an important and timely paper because it demonstrates the importance of such shallow pinning points for an ice shelf and is contributing to the ongoing debate of ice shelf stability. The paper is well written and structured, and I have only some minor comments: When discussing the implication of the ridge to ocean circulation and the history of unpinning from the ridge it would be good to also discuss, and maybe compare, the effect of the major ridge to the SE discovered by Jenkins et al. 2010 (Nature Geoscience) and related unpinning there described by Smith et al. (2016; doi:10.1038/nature20136). We added a sentence on the 1970s pinning point loss from this ridge and how this affected PIGs calving behavior in our discussion. There is no discussion or analysis regarding the the impact of the unpinning on ice flow velocity of the ice shelf. This might be beyond the scope of this paper, but it might be interesting to see if there was a changes in ice flow velocities before and after the unpinning. The focus of this paper is on the PIG calving dynamics related to the newly mapped bathymetric ridge and highs and are in agreement with the reviewer that a full investigation of ice-flow velocity changes would be out of the scope. -
MCMURDO STATION ICE RUNWAY World Aero Data
World Aero Data: MCMURDO STATION ICE RUNWAY --... http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=AY00002 Airports Navaids Links | Message Board | FAQ MCMURDO STATION ICE RUNWAY General Info Country Antarctica ICAO ID NZIR Time UTC+12(+13DT) -77.853950 Latitude 77° 51' 14.22" S 166.468761 Longitude 166° 28' 07.54" E 1 feet Elevation 0 meters Magnetic Variation 144° E (05/06) Communications 126.2 ICE TWR 134.1 Opr 3 hrs prior to, til 30 min after 270.6 sked OPS.(E) 340.2 2182 INTL DISTRESS 4123 118.2 MCMURDO CNTR 360.2 Communications Remarks EMR (2182 As rqr) (4123 USAP). (9032 11256 5726 SSB) Grd freq cont mnt dur opr CNTR season, nml 1 Oct to 25 Feb annually. Runways ID Dimensions Surface PCN ILS (Click fo r details.) 10000 x 220 feet 11/29 ICE. - NO 3048 x 67 meters 10000 x 220 feet 16/34 ICE. - NO 3048 x 67 meters Navaids 1 of 2 27/12/2011 21:23 World Aero Data: MCMURDO STATION ICE RUNWAY --... http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=AY00002 Distance Bearing Type ID Name Channel Freq From From Field Navaid TACAN ZIR ICE RUNWAY 075X - At Field - Supplies/Equipment O-156, MIL L 23699 (Synthetic Oil Base)Turboprop/Turboshaft Engine Other Fluids HPOX, High pressure oxygen servicing Remarks Rwy brg strength surveyed for United States Antarctic Program (USAP) acft only -ALL OTHERS CAUTION USE AT OWN RISK. For addn info call C-1-843-218-5316/5757. FLUID 1(LHNIT) 2(LPOX) FUEL JP-8 JASU 2(GTC-85) 4(AM32-A) 6(ESSEX B809) No hgr space avbl. -
GPS-Derived Estimates of Surface Mass Balance and Ocean-Induced Basal Melt for Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf, Antarctica
The Cryosphere, 11, 2655–2674, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2655-2017 © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. GPS-derived estimates of surface mass balance and ocean-induced basal melt for Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, Antarctica David E. Shean1,2, Knut Christianson3, Kristine M. Larson4, Stefan R. M. Ligtenberg5, Ian R. Joughin1, Ben E. Smith1, C. Max Stevens3, Mitchell Bushuk6, and David M. Holland7,8 1Applied Physics Laboratory Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 3Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 4Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 5Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands 6Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA 7Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA 8Center for Global Sea-Level Change, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Correspondence to: David E. Shean ([email protected]) Received: 17 December 2016 – Discussion started: 3 January 2017 Revised: 22 September 2017 – Accepted: 29 September 2017 – Published: 21 November 2017 Abstract. In the last 2 decades, Pine Island Glacier (PIG) ex- show limited temporal variability despite large changes in perienced marked speedup, thinning, and grounding-line re- ocean temperature recorded by moorings in Pine Island Bay. treat, likely due to marine ice-sheet instability and ice-shelf Our results demonstrate the value of long-term GPS records basal melt. -
Rapid Thinning of Pine Island Glacier in the Early Holocene J
Rapid Thinning of Pine Island Glacier in the Early Holocene J. S. Johnson et al. Science 343, 999 (2014); DOI: 10.1126/science.1247385 This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. If you wish to distribute this article to others, you can order high-quality copies for your colleagues, clients, or customers by clicking here. Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles can be obtained by following the guidelines here. The following resources related to this article are available online at www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of February 27, 2014 ): Updated information and services, including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online version of this article at: on February 27, 2014 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/343/6174/999.full.html Supporting Online Material can be found at: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2014/02/19/science.1247385.DC1.html This article cites 38 articles, 8 of which can be accessed free: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/343/6174/999.full.html#ref-list-1 This article appears in the following subject collections: Oceanography www.sciencemag.org http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/oceans Downloaded from Science (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright 2014 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title Science is a registered trademark of AAAS. REPORTS 34. J. A. -
And Better Science in Antarctica Through Increased Logistical Effectiveness
MORE AND BETTER SCIENCE IN ANTARCTICA THROUGH INCREASED LOGISTICAL EFFECTIVENESS Report of the U.S. Antarctic Program Blue Ribbon Panel Washington, D.C. July 2012 This report of the U.S. Antarctic Program Blue Ribbon Panel, More and Better Science in Antarctica Through Increased Logistical Effectiveness, was completed at the request of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Science Foundation. Copies may be obtained from David Friscic at [email protected] (phone: 703-292-8030). An electronic copy of the report may be downloaded from http://www.nsf.gov/od/ opp/usap_special_review/usap_brp/rpt/index.jsp. Cover art by Zina Deretsky. MORE AND BETTER SCIENCE IN AntarctICA THROUGH INCREASED LOGISTICAL EFFECTIVENESS REport OF THE U.S. AntarctIC PROGRAM BLUE RIBBON PANEL AT THE REQUEST OF THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND THE NatIONAL SCIENCE FoundatION WASHINGTON, D.C. JULY 2012 U.S. AntarctIC PROGRAM BLUE RIBBON PANEL WASHINGTON, D.C. July 23, 2012 Dr. John P. Holdren Dr. Subra Suresh Assistant to the President for Science and Technology Director & Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy National Science Foundation Executive Office of the President of the United States 4201 Wilson Boulevard Washington, DC 20305 Arlington, VA 22230 Dear Dr. Holdren and Dr. Suresh: The members of the U.S. Antarctic Program Blue Ribbon Panel are pleased to submit herewith our final report entitled More and Better Science in Antarctica through Increased Logistical Effectiveness. Not only is the U.S. logistics system supporting our nation’s activities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean the essential enabler for our presence and scientific accomplish- ments in that region, it is also the dominant consumer of the funds allocated to those endeavors. -
An Assessment of the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres RESEARCH ARTICLE An assessment of the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting 10.1002/2015JD024037 (WRF) model representation of near-surface meteorological Key Points: variables over West Antarctica • Polar WRF is a useful tool for modeling West Antarctic climate Pranab Deb1, Andrew Orr1, J. Scott Hosking1, Tony Phillips1, John Turner1, Daniel Bannister1, • Little sensitivity found between 5 and 1 1 15 km horizontal resolution James O. Pope , and Steve Colwell • MYJ boundary layer scheme gives 1 better representation of diurnal cycle British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK in near-surface temperature Abstract Despite the recent significant climatic changes observed over West Antarctica, which include large warming in central West Antarctica and accelerated ice loss, adequate validation of regional simulations of Correspondence to: meteorological variables are rare for this region. To address this gap, results from a recent version of the Polar P. Deb, [email protected] Weather Research and Forecasting model (Polar WRF) covering West Antarctica at a high horizontal resolution of 5 km were validated against near-surface meteorological observations. The model employed physics options that included the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino boundary layer scheme, the WRF Single Moment 5-Class Citation: Deb, P., A. Orr, J. S. Hosking, T. Phillips, cloud microphysics scheme, the new version of the rapid radiative transfer model for both shortwave and J. Turner, D. Bannister, J. O. Pope, and longwave radiation, and the Noah land surface model. Our evaluation finds this model to be a useful tool for S. Colwell (2016), An assessment of the realistically capturing the near-surface meteorological conditions. -
Bathymetric Controls on Calving Processes at Pine Island Glacier
The Cryosphere, 12, 2039–2050, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2039-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Bathymetric controls on calving processes at Pine Island Glacier Jan Erik Arndt1, Robert D. Larter2, Peter Friedl3, Karsten Gohl1, Kathrin Höppner3, and the Science Team of Expedition PS104* 1Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 2British Antarctic Survey, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK 3German Aerospace Center (DLR), German Remote Sensing Data Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, 82234 Wessling, Germany *A full list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper. Correspondence: Jan Erik Arndt ([email protected]) Received: 27 November 2017 – Discussion started: 12 January 2018 Revised: 27 April 2018 – Accepted: 10 May 2018 – Published: 15 June 2018 Abstract. Pine Island Glacier is the largest current Antarctic 25 years through ice thinning and flow acceleration, which is contributor to sea-level rise. Its ice loss has substantially in- triggered by thinning of the floating ice shelves at rates be- creased over the last 25 years through thinning, acceleration tween 3.9 and 5.3 m yr−1 (Rignot, 2008; Rignot et al., 2008, and grounding line retreat. However, the calving line posi- 2014; Pritchard et al., 2009; Wingham et al., 2009). Inte- tions of the stabilising ice shelf did not show any trend within gration of remote sensing data with oceanographic observa- the observational record (last 70 years) until calving in 2015 tions shows that this thinning results from enhanced basal led to unprecedented retreat and changed the alignment of the melting driven by incursion of relatively warm Circumpolar calving front. -
Climate and Surface Mass Balance of Coastal West Antarctica Resolved by Regional Climate Modelling
Annals of Glaciology 59(76pt1) 2018 doi: 10.1017/aog.2017.42 29 © The Author(s) 2017. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Climate and surface mass balance of coastal West Antarctica resolved by regional climate modelling Jan T. M. LENAERTS,1,2 Stefan R. M. LIGTENBERG,2 Brooke MEDLEY,3 Willem Jan VAN DE BERG,2 Hannes KONRAD,4 Julien P. NICOLAS,5 J. Melchior VAN WESSEM,2 Luke D. TRUSEL,6 Robert MULVANEY,7 Rebecca J. TUCKWELL,7 Anna E. HOGG,4 Elizabeth R. THOMAS7 1Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA Email: [email protected] 2Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands 3Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA 4Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 5Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 6Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA 7British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK ABSTRACT. West Antarctic climate and surface mass balance (SMB) records are sparse. To fill this gap, regional atmospheric climate modelling is useful, providing that such models are employed at sufficiently high horizontal resolution and coupled with a snow model. Here we present the results of a high-reso- lution (5.5 km) regional atmospheric climate model (RACMO2) simulation of coastal West Antarctica for the period 1979–2015.