Broomeia Congregata Berk., 1844 (Agaricales

n Broomeia congregata Berk., 1844 (Agaricales:

istributio Argentina D Broomeiaceae): New distribution record for San Luis, 1,2* 1 3 4

raphic , Esteban M. Crespo , Kentaro Hosaka g

eo Mónica A. Lugo and Laura S. Domínguez G n o 1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-CONICET). FQByF-UNSL, Diversidad Vegetal I. Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700. San Luis, Argentina.

otes 2 Universidad Nacional de San Luis, FQByF, Diversidad Vegetal I. Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700. San Luis, Argentina. N * 3 CorrNationalesponding Museum author. of Nature E-mail: and [email protected] Science (TNS), Department of Botany. Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan. 4 Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, IMBIV (CONICET-UNC), CC 495. 5000. Córdoba, Argentina. Abstract: Broomeia congregata Berk. is a gasteroid fungus with a predominant African distribution. However, it has been documented twice, in 1912 and 1973, as occurring in Catamarca Province (Argentina, South America). Nearly forty

based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, some phenological, biogeographical and ecological implications concerningyears later, aB. new congregata finding isare reported discussed. for San Luis Province, Argentina. The report includes new morphological information

Broomeia congregata SEM. B. congregata, and B. ellipsospora Höhn. Berk.were cited was firstlyfor Kenya, described Namibia, by Berkeley (1844) from South Africa. Later The specimens were mature and had an anise scent, the conclusion that Broomeia is an endemic genus from each basidiome contained 30 to 40 spore sacs, of 0.5 – Mozambique, and South Africa, which initially led to Basidiospores0.7 (1.3) cm in globose, diameter subglobose (Figure 1A); to exoperidiumellipsoidal, many was lacking; endoperidium light brown with a fimbriate pore. southern Africa (Höhnel 1905; Pole Evans and Bottomley with1919; B. Sharp congregata and Piearce (= B. congregata 1999). However, var. argentinensis this genus slightly angular, up to 6.4 – 9.6 x 5.6 – 8 µm (including wasSpeg.) later from reported South Americafor the first and timeB. guadalupensis in the Americas, ornamentation), reticulated; ornamentation less than the0.5 spore µm of wall, height; there meshes are usually are pentagonal 1 to 6 pores, or hexagonalbut might Lév. beof variableabsent or diameter more (up (0.5 to to11) 1.8 within µm); thewithin same the spore mesh and in recently,from the Caribbean, its distribution in the wasIsland extended of Guadalupe to Asia, (Léveillé from 1848; Wright and Gamundi 1973; Coetzee 2007). More pores differ in diameter, apiculus not seen (Figure 1B, B.Yemen congregata in the, Arabianone in 1912 Peninsula and another (Kreisel in and1973, Al-Fatami both in tortuous.C). Capillitium unbranched, brownish, 3.2 – 7.2 µm in 2008). In Argentina, there were two sporadic findings of diameter,In the solid protologue, or with a Berkeley very narrow (1844) lumen; enumered thread morewalls et al the BroomeiaProvince congregataof Catamarca has (Spegazzini been placed 1912; in the Wright gasteroid and familyGamundi Broomeiaceae 1973; Dios (Agaricales,. 2011). Basidiomycota) and than 150 spore sacs per stroma, while materials studied from Catamarca (Wright and Gamundi 1973), was referred numerous tightly packed spore sacs, each with its own with 10 to 40 gastrocarps, as occurred in the specimens endoperidiumcharacterized by and having all sunk a compound in a common basidiome stroma with and from San Luis. San Luis specimens, however, had a higher covered by a common exoperidium that degrades at number of pores (up to 11) within the mesh (Figure 1C) thanBroomeia the ones described ellipsospora by Wright Höhn. and differs Gamundi from (1973), B. globose, subglobose to ellipsoidal spores of variable congregataand Kreisel and by havingAl-Fatimi a smaller (2008) andfrom thinerYemen stroma, material. grey maturity (Murray 1883; Mycobank 2011). Microscopically, to brown endoperidium and smooth to rough elliptical “honeycomb” mesh of pentagonal to hexagonal cells (with basidiospores. In adddition, B. ellipsospora has been found columnarsize with a appearance reticulated undersurface light consisting microscopy) of a lattice occur in ina on sand and sandy soil from South Africa, Namibia and this species. In addition, its spores also have pores at the spore wall, visible only by scanning electron microscopy Mozambique without establishing any association with plantsAnother (Höhnel Neotropical 1905; Bottomley taxon, 1948;B. guadalupensis Dissing and Lange (SEM)Recently, (Wright specimens and Gamundi of B. 1973; congregata Kreisel were and Al-Fatimi found in remains1962; Coetzee in an 2007). uncertain taxonomic position because 2008). of doubts about its identity. In the protologue, Lév., B. (Argentina), and were studied by both, light and scanning guadalupensis described with cup- electronBajo de Véliz, microscopy. Santa Rosa SEM de imagesConlara ofDepartment, spores were San taken Luis shaped volva, a partial exoperidium surrounding each gastrocarp of (Léveillé stroma, 1848) with cartilaginous was consistency, with a Zeiss LEO 1450VP at LABMEM-CCT CONICET-UNSL 531 Lugo et al. | Broomeia congregata Berk. from Central Argentina

Diplocystis, A another genus of Broomiaceae (Zeller 1948), was founded consideringlobed at the a resupinate margin and or yellowish.patellate stroma Further, and individual veil (Berkely and Curtis 1869), each gastrocarp possesess

that B. guadalupensis might be considered a Diplocystis its own exoperidium. Thus, some authorsD. have wrightii speculated, both entities were collected in Guadalupe (Coker and Couch species (Coetzee 2007), particularly as Some phenological and ecological considerations can be1928; made Bottomley concerning 1948). B. congregata based on data from herbarium material. Broomeia congregata was collected

in November 1909 (Spegazzini 1912) and January 1972B. congregata(Wright and has Gamundi a summer 1973) fruiting in Catamarca period and corresponding November 2005 in San Luis. Therefore, it can be inferred that known that the fruiting bodies of some gasteroid fungi, e.g. Geastrumto the wet and season Lycoperdon of West, Centralcan remain Argentina, undamaged although for long it is B communication). Hosaka et al. periods under suitable conditions (Domínguez personal it is unclear whether this family (2006) is more mentioned: closely related“Zeller to(1948) Geastrales described than Broomeiaceae to other homobasidiomycetes”.in Lycoperdales, but

Surprisingly, preliminary data based on the sequences of ITS region and) otherand two genes, mitochondrial including three markers additional (small nuclear markers (nuclear ribosomal large subunit DNA, RPB2, and EF-1α are,subunit however, of ribosomal no obvious DNA and morphological ATP6) indicated similarities that the betweengenus belongs Broomeia to and Polyporales other genera (Hosaka in Polyporales, 2011). There but the lignicolous habit is arguably the common ecological character of the order, and the species was found growing under tree genera belonging to the same plant family. In addition, B. congregata has been cultured successfully from basidiome context on malt extract agar, potato glucose agar and carrot agar media (usually used for Polyporales), although mycelia tend to grow C

very slowly reaching 5.5 - 6 cm in diameter at 18 days of culture and having a negative Melzer’sB. reaction congregata in mycelia and chlamydospores (Wright and Gamundi 1973). 1973)Likewise, very as similar many to species the ones of Polyporales,formed by some species of Tomophagusforms chlamydospores (i. e. T. colossus in culture). (Wright and Gamundi Broomeia congregata Prosopis sp.), as collected in Bajo de Véliz was (1973)found under from Catamarca,a member ofwhile the theFabaceae African ( specimens were foundwell as under the material Acacia s. described l. by Wright and Gamundi

status of Broomeia cannot, another be discarded. genus It of is Fabaceae. known that At this moment, however, the possibility of ectomycorrhizal

Fabaceae can establish ectomycorrhizalet al. and/or arbuscularAcacia s.mycorrhizal l. symbioses (Wang and Qiu 2006; Sprent and James 2007; McGuire 2008).et Inal Africa, Figure 1. Broomeia congregata. A, general view of basidiome. B and C, are ectomycorrhizal associated with Acacia gasteroid s. l. and details of the spores under SEM. B, aspect of the reticulate mesh (rm) of Prosopistelephoroid Basidiomycota (Diédhiou . 2005; Sprent and Jameset 2007). al. In Argentina, species of the exosporium and cells with pores (p); C, detail of cells of exosporium were reported as being arbuscular mycorrhizal with numerous pores (p). Scales: A= 1 cm; B, C= 1 µm. (Fracchia 2009) in Córdoba Province; however, other 532 Lugo et al. | Broomeia congregata Berk. from Central Argentina

et al gasteroides (Basidiomycota) de Catamarca, Argentina. Boletín Dios,Sociedad M.M., E.Argentina Albertó de and Botánica G. Moreno. 2011. Catálogo de hongos species of these genera are cited as ectomycorrhizalB. congregata, in 1962. Gasteromycetes of congo. Bulletin du South America (Frioni . 1999). Prosopis Thus, in at Argentina, different Jardin Botanique de L´Etat Bruxelles 46 (1-2):5-11. ectomycorrhizal fungi, potentially including et al Dissing, H. and M. Lange. . 32(4): 325-516. Forest Ecology could establish ectomycorrhizae with Frioni,and L., Management H. Minasian and R. Volfovicz. 1999. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and transientdevelopmental over the stages life cyclethan thoseof the studiedhost. by Fracchia ectomycorrhizae in native tree legumes in Uruguay. (2009), considering that this type of associationB. congregata may be 115: 41-47. Fracchia, S., A. Aranda, A. Gopar, V. Silvani,Mycorrhiza L. Fernández and A. Godeas. ca. forty years after its 2009. Mycorrhizal status of plantÖsterreichische species in botanische the Chaco Zeitschrift Serrano This work extends the distribution of Woodland from central Argentina. : 19: 205-214. to San Luis Province (Argentina) Höhnel, F. von. 1905. Mykologisches. Broomeia as an endemic genus 55(3): 97-101. last finding in Argentina and provides data that allow us Hosaka, K, S.T. Bates, R.E. Beever, M.A. Castellano, W. Colgan III, L.S. to reject the hypothesis of MolecularDomínguez, phylogenetics J. Geml, A.J. of Giachini, the gomphoid-phalloid S.R. Kenney, E.R. fungi Nouhra, with N.B. an clarifyof Africa. their We ecologicalprovide more characters information (saprobe, about lignicolousspore wall establishmentSimpson and ofJ.M. the Trappe. new subclass 2006. Gomphoid-phalloidPhallomycetidae and phylogeny. two new orders. Mycologia ornamentation with SEM. Further study is necessary to Broomeia: distribution ranges, and phylogenetic position. its Phylogenetic and 98 (6):Biogeographic 949-959. Implications. Asian Mycological or ectomycorrhizal), co-specificity across all known Hosaka,Congress, K. 2011. Incheon-Korea Systematics Symposium of an enigmatic 1-1. Abstract. Basidiomycete, Family Broomeiaceae Feddes Repertorium 119: 463-483. Broomeia congregata Berk., 1844 Kreisel, H. and M. Al-Fatimi. 2008. Further BasidiomycetesAnnales from des SciencesYemen. Naturelles, Botanique 9 (S III): 119-144. Known geographic distribution. Léveillé, M.J.H. 1848. Fragments Mycologiques. C. Andrew. Middle East: Yemen. South America:Africa: Argentina Kenya, (Catamarca Tanzania, McGuire, K.L., T.W. Henkel, I. Granzow de la Cerda, G. Villa, F. Edmund and Province).Congo, Namibia, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. liana species.2008. Mycorrhiza Dual mycorrhizal 18: 217-222. colonization of forest-dominating Murray,tropical G. 1883.trees and On the mycorrhizal outer peridium status of ofBroomeia non-dominant. Journal tree of and the New state records. Linnean Society of London Botany Examined material. San Luis - Fungal Databases. Nomenclature and Species Banks. Argentina: San Luis Province. 20 (128): 311-313. Mycobank. 2011. ARGENTINA: Online Taxonomic Novelties Submission. Administered by the underDepartamento Prosopis sp. Santa Rosa de Conlara, Parque provincial PoleInternational Evans, I.B. and Mycological A.M. Bottomley. Association. 1919. ElectronicOn the genera Database Diplocystis accessible and Bajo de Véliz, 5-XI-2005 (R. Paez et E. Crespo): in “monte”, Broomeiaat http://www.mycobank.org.. Transactions of the Royal Captured Society on of08 South August Africa 2011. 7 (1): 189- 192. [LSD 2378 (CORD)]. Acknowledgments: Sharp, C. and G. Piearce. 1999. Some interesting gasteroid fungi from Zimbabwe. Kew Bulletin This work was supported by PROICO 2-0203 Anales Museo (FQBYF-UNSL). M.L. is a researcher of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Nacional de Buenos Aires 54 23: (3): 1-146 739-746.. Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina). The authors are very grateful Spegazzini, C. 1912. Mycetes Argentinensis. Serie VI criticalto M.E. reviewGonzález of theMazza paper. and T.L. Sasser for English proofreading of the Plant Physiology preliminary version of the manuscript. Special thanks to L. Peterson for Sprent, J.I. and E.K. James. 2007. Legume evolution: where do nodules Literature Cited and mycorrhizas fit in. Mycorrhiza 144: 575-581. London Journal of Botany Wang, B. and Y.L. Qiu. 2006. Phylogenetic distributionBroomeia and evolution congregata of 194. (Gasteromycetes).mycorrhizas in land Boletín plants. de la Sociedad 16: Argentina299–363. de Botánica Berkeley, M.J. 1844. Decades of Fungi. Journal of Linnean3: 185- Wright,(2-3): J. and 187-196. I. Gamundi. 1973. Nuevo hallazgo de Society of London Zeller, S.M. 1948. Notes on certain Gasteromycetes, including two new 15 Berkely,Bottomley, M.J. A.M. and 1948.M.A. Curtis. Gasteromycetes 1869. Fungi of Cubenses South Africa. II. Bothalia 4 (3): orders. Mycologia 1-473. 10: 341. Broomeia (Gasteromycetes, Broomeiaceae) 40 (6): 639-668. in a nutshell. Mycorrhiza Newsletter 7: 6-8. Coetzee, J.C. 2007. The genus The Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada Coker, W.C. and J.N. Couch. 1928. . Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 201 p. Received: December 2011 Diédhiou,in seedlings A.G., G. of Guèye, six tropical M. Diabaté, African Y. treePrin, species. R. Duponnois, Mycorrhiza B. Dreyfus 16: 11-17. and Accepted: February 2012 A.M. Bâ. 2005. Contrasting responses to ectomycorrhizal inoculation Published online: June 2012 Editorial responsibility: Matias J. Cafaro

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