Conceptual Modelling in Information Systems Engineering John Krogstie · Andreas Lothe Opdahl Sjaak Brinkkemper (Eds.) Conceptual Modelling in Information Systems Engineering With 75 Figures and 8 Tables 123 Editors John Krogstie NTNU and SINTEF Sem Sælandsvei 7–9 7491 Trondheim Norway [email protected] Andreas Lothe Opdahl Department of Information Science and Media Studies University of Bergen Fosswinckelsgate 6 5007 Bergen Norway [email protected] Sjaak Brinkkemper Department of Information and Computing Sciences Universiteit Utrecht Centrumgebouw Noord, office B229 Padualaan 14, De Uithof 3584CH Utrecht The Netherlands [email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: 2007927092 ACM Computing Classification (1998): D.2, H.1, H.4 ISBN 978-3-540-72676-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. 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Typeset by the editors Production: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig Cover design: KünkelLopka Werbeagentur, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper 45/3180/YL - 5 4 3 2 1 0 Preface This book is a collection of 20 state-of-the-art contributions in information systems engineering. It was compiled on the occasion of Arne Sølvberg’s 67th birthday. 67 is the normal retirement age in Norway, and although Arne has promised to keep working until 70 (at least), we found this to be a good opportunity to honour him, especially since the CAiSE conference will be held in Trondheim this year. The papers will be presented at the In- formation Systems Engineering Symposium in Trondheim on 11 June 2007 as a pre-conference event to CAiSE’07. The contributions were invited from the many friends and colleagues t- hat Arne has around the world. During the last 40 years he has made a number of friends in the international research community in his chosen field of study. It has not been an easy task to select whom to invite to con- tribute. People have been more than eager to contribute. The friends are so numerous that it is not possible to avoid offending many who rightfully may feel that they should also have been invited to contribute. Arne did not know about this initiative (although he might have sus- pected something of this kind, being involved himself in a similar book project in connection with the retirement of his colleague Janis Bubenko in 2000). The initiators and editors of this book are John Krogstie of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Andreas Op- dahl of the University of Bergen and Sjaak Brinkkemper of the University of Utrecht. We have selected the contributors ourselves and, given the lim- ited size of a book, we have selected as best we could. We have invited friends from the different realms of Arne’s scientific life, from the domes- tic scene, from VLDB, from IFIP, from ERCIM, and obviously, from the CAiSE community. Some of those invited have jointly written their contri- butions, some have contributed together with their colleagues, and some have done it alone. We hope that the blend is satisfactory. When planning the book, we decided on a “free-for-all” attitude regard- ing the themes, although we asked for a focus on the use of conceptual modelling and an outline of the development from the past to the current and future states in an author’s particular field. The papers are fairly co- herent in attacking problems in areas related to conceptual modelling and VI Preface information systems engineering, pointing to further directions for the field. We are very pleased with the comprehensiveness of this book and are thankful that we have had the good fortune to edit it. We wish to thank Monika Riepl and Ralf Gerstner at Springer for their efficient support in the publication of this book. It is an honour to be allowed to present this gift to Arne, as a token of our appreciation of his contributions to information systems engineering research and teaching. John Krogstie Andreas Opdahl Sjaak Brinkkemper (editors) March 2007 Short biography of Arne Sølvberg Arne Sølvberg was born on 13 February 1940 at Klepp, Jæren in the south- western part of Norway. He was the eldest of five children, with three brothers and one sister. He became Professor of Computer Science at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway already in 1974, the first professor in the Computer Science Department (IDB), which had been established two years earlier. Arne Sølvberg began his studies in 1958 and received a Siv.Ing. (M.Sc.) degree in applied physics in 1963 and a Dr.Ing. (Ph.D.) degree in com- puter science in 1971, both from The Norwegian Institute of Technology (now incorporated in NTNU – The Norwegian University of Science and Technology). Sølvberg's Ph.D., under the guidance of Børje Langefors, was the first doctoral degree in computer science in Trondheim. Between 1963 and 1974 Arne worked at SINTEF Runit, building up and leading their information systems group. Professor Sølvberg has been Dean of NTNU’s Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering since 2002. VIII Short biography of Arne Sølvberg His main fields of research are information systems design methodol- ogy, database design, information modelling, information systems engi- neering environments, and model driven development. He has been active in several international organizations for research cooperation. He was involved from the start in the establishment of IFIP TC8: Information Systems, and was the Norwegian national representative at the IFIP General Assembly in 1979 to 1982. He was chairman of IFIP WG8.1 for Information Systems Design from 1982 to 1988. He was a trus- tee of the VLDB Endowment until 1994. He was a co-founder of the CAiSE conference series in 1989 together with Janis Bubenko. Originally a Nordic conference, it quickly was established as an international meeting place for researchers within the area of information systems engineering. He has been a visiting scientist at IBM San Jose Research Labs, The University of Florida, The Naval Postgraduate School, The University of California at Santa Barbara, and most recently at the University of Califor- nia at Los Angeles. During his years as Professor, Arne Sølvberg guided a large number of Ph.D. students to their degrees. He has developed and taught numerous university courses and has inspired generations of students. He played an active role in the development of technical computer studies in Norway. It is specifically worth mentioning the work he did in building up the so- called “customer led projects” already from 1974, giving students real as- signments from real customers, introducing to them the wicked problems of information systems engineering first hand. Arne reached the usual Norwegian retirement age of 67 in February 2007, but is still active as the Dean of the IME-faculty. He is also the cur- rent vice-chair of ERCIM and is leading the cross-disciplinary ICT- programme at NTNU. Arne Sølvberg is married to Ingeborg Sølvberg, also a professor at IDI, NTNU. They have two daughters, Astrid, who has a Ph.D. in pedagogics, and Ingrid, who has a Master’s in marine technology (both work in Trond- heim). Arne and Ingeborg have three grandchildren and live at Steinan, in the west part of Trondheim. List of Authors Nicholas Berente Information Systems Dept., Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA [email protected] Janis A. Bubenko jr., Professor Emeritus Dept. of Computer and Systems Science, Royal Institute of Technology/Stockholm University Forum 100, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden [email protected] Jordi Cabot, Dr. Estudis d'Informàtica, Multimedia i Telecomunicació, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Rbla. del Poblenou, 156, E-08018 Barcelona, Spain [email protected] Antje Dietrich Inst. für Programmstrukturen und Datenorganisation (IPD), Universität Karlsruhe Postfach 6980, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany [email protected] Klaus R. Dittrich, Professor Dept. of Informatics, University of Zurich Binzmühlestrasse 14, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] Johann Eder, Professor Dept. of Knowledge and Business Engineering, University of Vienna Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring 1, A-1010 Wien, Austria [email protected] Sergio España Dept. of Information Systems and Computation, Valencia University of Technology Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain [email protected] X List of Authors Arturo González, Dr. Dept. of Information Systems and Computation, Valencia University of Technology Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain [email protected] Jon Atle Gulla, Professor Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology N-7034 Trondheim, Norway [email protected] Terry Halpin, Professor Neumont University 10701 S River Front Pkwy Ste 300, South Jordan, Utah, 84095, USA [email protected] Keith G Jeffery, Professor, Director IT and International Strategy CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton, Didcot, OXON OX11 0QX, UK [email protected] Paul Johannesson, Professor Dept.