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Chlorophyll Content of Some Selected Edible Plants Sourced from Ima Market, Manipur, India

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Chlorophyll Content of Some Selected Edible Plants Sourced from Ima Market, Manipur, India International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences-IJPBSTM (2019) 9 (2): 1251-1259 Online ISSN: 2230-7605, Print ISSN: 2321-3272 Research Article | Biological Sciences | Open Access | MCI Approved UGC Approved Journal Chlorophyll Content of Some Selected Edible Plants Sourced from Ima Market, Manipur, India Jessia G1, Th. Bhaigyabati1, Suchitra S1, G.C. Bag2, L. Ranjit Singh2, P. Grihanjali Devi2* 1Institutional Advanced Level Biotech Hub, Imphal College, Imphal, Manipur, 795001 2Department of Chemistry, Imphal College, Imphal, Manipur, 795001 Received: 11 Jan 2019 / Accepted: 16 Mar 2018 / Published online: 1 Apr 2019 Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Abstract Consumption of fresh green leaves as vegetables or as condiments has been on the rise for their nutritive values and specially to counterbalance the increasing number of degenerative diseases. Chlorophyll which is the most abundant pigments in green plants is of great importance in human diet not only as food colorant but also as healthy food ingredients. Recent research shows that estimating the chlorophyll content could help in understanding the medicinal properties of the plants. Hence, the more the chlorophyll content the more nutritious the leaves will be. In the present study, chlorophyll pigments were extracted and estimated from 19 selected plant species viz: Eryngium foetidum, Allium fistulosum, Allium tuberosum, Allium hookeri, Coriandrum sativum, Plantago major, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, Houttuynia cordata, Polygonum posumber, Ocimum canum, Brassica juncea, Hibiscus cannabinus, Oenanthe javanica, Ipomoea aquatica, Meyna laxiflora, Mentha spicata, Centella asiatica, Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis and Leucus aspera using 80% acetone, methanol and 95% ethanol as solvents. Results of the study showed that P. posumber has the highest concentration (Chl a 16.977μg/ml, Chl b 7.524 μg/ml) and lowest concentration was noted in Hibiscus cannabinus (Chl a 0.102μg/ml, Chl b 0.336μg/ml) using 80% acetone. It has been found that extraction of chlorophylls by different solvents depends on the plant species as well as on the chemical nature of biomolecules. Keywords Chlorophyll, pigment, solvents, biomolecules, species specific. ***** INTRODUCTION: colorant but also as healthy food ingredients Consumption of fresh green leaves as vegetables or (Gaherwar S and Kulkarni P, 2017). Despite being a as condiments has been on the rise nowadays vital molecule in plants, it acts as blood cleanser, specially to counterbalance the increasing number of blood builder and also an oxygen booster in the degenerative diseases. Chlorophyll (a and b) are the human body. Chlorophyll has great antioxidant most abundant pigments in green plants and are of capacity and therefore it helps neutralise free great importance in human diet not only as food radicals and limit oxidative damage within the body. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/ijpbs.2019.9.2.151 P. Grihanjali Devi* et al 1251 www.ijpbs.com or www.ijpbsonline.com ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online); ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print) Int J Pharm Biol Sci. It is also known to be a source of amino acids which indigenous snacks and side dishes such as “Singju”, are important to human health. It helps in promoting “Eromba” and “Kanghou Bora”. The 19 plants listed quick rejuvenation of human cells. It also improves in this paper are most common, inexpensive and liver functions by extracting the blood impurities. easily available in the local markets. The leaves are Chlorophyll has been shown to help protect against most consumed raw and are usually grown in kitchen calcium oxalate build-up which can lead to this form garden and cultivated commercially. of kidney stone disease. Chlorophyll may help in In the present study, chlorophyll pigments, Chl a and eliminating or reducing odours associated with Chl b were extracted and estimated from 19 selected urinary disorders and flatulence in the colon. A plant species using three different solvents viz. 80% regular intake of chlorophyll can keep the circulatory acetone, methanol and 95% ethanol. The and digestive system much healthier. Recent concentrations of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b research shows that estimating the chlorophyll were compared among the 19 plant samples for their content could help in better understanding the nutritional values. Local people grow these plants in medicinal properties of the plants (Kizhedath A et. the kitchen garden for daily consumption. Among the al., 2011). Hence, the more the chlorophyll content 19 plants species selected for study, except for the more nutritious the leaves will be. Brassica juncea and Leucus aspera all the other Manipur, a small state in the north eastern part of plants can be consumed as raw. The detailed India neighbouring to the country of Myanmar, has a descriptions and properties of the 19 selected plants long history of using different plants especially as are shown in Table 1. ingredients in the preparation of traditional and Table 1: Detailed Descriptions of the Plants Name of the Description Properties plant Eryngium It is used in traditional medicine for foetidum It is mainly grown in most of the places burns, earache, fevers, hypertension, Common name: including forests, stream banks, moist constipation, fits, asthma, Mexican places, roadsides etc. Plants are 8–25cm stomachache, worms, infertility Coriander high from a basal rosette. complications, snake bites, diarrhea, Local name: and malaria (Paul et al., 2011) Awaphadigom The bulb is antibacterial, antiseptic, Allium diaphoretic, diuretic, galactogogue, fistulosum It is a monocot perennial plant producing 2- stomachic, vermifuge and vulnerary. It Common name: 6 hollow, cylindrical leaves 25-40 cm long is one of the Chinese traditional Spring onion and a flowering scape 30-50 cm tall from medicines used for the treatment of Local name: and underground bulb. cardiovascular diseases. (Qinqin FU et Tilhou mana al, 2010) It is a species of onion native to south western parts of the Chinese province of Crushed leaves of the herb could be Allium Shanxi and cultivated and naturalized applied to scalp to improve hair growth. tuberosum elsewhere in Asia and around the world. The herb is consumed to reduce stress Common name: This aromatic herb is capable of flavoring up and fatigue. These Chinese chives have Garlic chives the dishes most extraordinarily. It is locally long been used as a culinary herb in Local name: available in the state of Manipur and is used Asian diets. (Napatsorn et al, 2016) Maroi nakuppi as an important condiment or spice in almost all the authentic Manipuri dishes. It contains sulphur compounds which Allium hookeri It produces thick, fleshy roots and a cluster help reduce blood cholesterol levels. Common name: of thin bulbs. The plant is widely cultivated The leaves of this plant have been used Hooker chives outside its native range and valued as a food as a home remedy by Meitei Local name: item in much of South and Southeast Asia community of Manipur in their folklore Maroi napakpi medicine as an antiulcer agent. (Khumanthem et al, 2018) International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences P. Grihanjali Devi* et al 1252 www.ijpbs.com or www.ijpbsonline.com ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online); ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print) Int J Pharm Biol Sci. Coriandrum Major world producers of C. sativum include It is known to exert antimicrobial sativum Morocco, India, Pakistan, Romania and the activity. Also, a well-known herb widely Common name: former Soviet Union but coriander is grown used as spice in folk medicine and in the Coriander in many other countries as well. It is used pharmacy and food industries. Local name: commonly as aromatic condiment. (Filomena et al, 2011) Phadigom The leaves of Plantago major are Plantago major It is a species of flowering plant in the effective as a wound healer, as well as Common name: plantain family Plantaginaceae. It is native an antiulcerative. Leaves and roots are Isaphgol to most of Europe and northern and central used in fever. Seeds are useful in Local name: Asia, but has widely naturalized elsewhere dysentery, diarrhoea, constipation and Yempat in the world genitor-urinary tract complaints. (Sukumar S.S, 2013) Zanthoxylum Fruits and seeds used as tonic in fever acanthopodium It is a species of flowering plant citrus and dyspepsia and in the treatment of Common name: family, Rutaceae. It is a prickly, evergreen rheumatism, dysentery and Pricky winged plant that varies in habit from a shrub to a stomachache). Fruits used in toothache leaf woody climber or a small tree. It can grow and scabies. Seeds and leaves used in Local name: up to 6 m tall indigestion, cough and bronchitis. Mukthrubi (Virendra S. Rana et al, 2007) It contains anti-diabetic properties and It is a herbaceous perennial plant that can can be a potential cure for diabetic Houttuynia grow from 0.6m spreading upto 1m. The patients. It can be given to patients cordata leaves are alternate, broadly heart-shaped, suffering from herpes virus since the Common name: 4-9 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. Its flowers plant contains properties that are Fish mint are greenish-yellow and borne on a terminal capable of inhibiting pseudorabies Local name: spike 2-3 cm long with four to six large white herpes virus. It is a well-known Toningkhok basal bracts. traditionally used medicine material in South East Asia (Jiangang Fu et al, 2013) Polygonum Crushed leafy shoot is used on forehead posumber It belongs to the family Polygonaceae. It is against fever. It is used in salads and in Common name: grown in garden or wild. People used it in local dish (Eromba) of Manipur to Knotgrass many ways according to their need (both as increase the aroma. (Sukumar S.S, Local name: food as well as medicine) 2013) Phakpai It is a diverse and rich source of Ocimum canum essential oil. These essential oils are Common name: It is an annual herb with white or lavender being used as pharmaceutical agents Wild basil flowers.
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