P: ISSN No. 2231-0045 RNI No. UPBIL/2012/55438 VOL.-IV, ISSUE-I, August-2015 E: ISSN No. 2349-9435 Periodic Research Change in the Land Use Pattern of Western

Dear Author, Abstract Please provide ABSTRACT & KEY WORDS for this paper with the proof urgently otherwise your paper may be transfer for next issues untill above are recieved. Keywords: Please Add Some Key Words. Introduction Natural resources play a decisive role in the economic development of any region. The quantity and quality of natural resources determines the growth of an economy. The depletion of natural resources like land, water, air and vegetation at a faster rate without sincere and serious efforts towards their regeneration, conservation and development is hazardous and may create problems for the next generations. So there has to be a proper balance between natural resource use and environment protection.

Please Send The use of natural resources affect the ecosystem of an area in terms of local weather effects, fertility of land, vegetation, quality of people one passport and livestock that can be sustained. The shift in land use, water use and size photo in vegetation use can be attributed to the urbanization and industrial

our mail id expansion, agriculture growth and expansion of irrigation facilities, development of roads, railways, markets and other infrastructures. A balanced need to be maintained in sect oral land use, water use and biomass use to avoid short run and long run negative environmental and ecological consequences. Ummed Kumar Choudhary It needs to be mentioned that only 9% geographical area of Lecturer, Rajasthan is under forests, which is very low as compared to the national Deptt. of Geography, average of about 22%. The state faces the greatest scarcity of water Government College Bali resources in the country. The state has only 1% share in the total surface water. There is special importance of animal husbandry in the economy of Pali, Rajasthan Rajasthan. The state has largest share of about 7% in the total cattle

population of the country and 25% in the sheep population. It contributes

11% to the national milk production and 40% to total wool output of .

The state has nearly 10% of the country’s land surface with nearly

6% of its population, but less than 1.5% of the water resources. There are

only 2 perennial flowing in the state. Major part of the state comprises arid

and semi-arid regions where rainfalls are scanty and highly fluctuating.

Impurity of water both from surface as well as groundwater sources is posing serious problem. The major threat to the land is the erosion of the fertile topsoil caused by water or wind action which renders it increasingly less capable of sustaining vegetation to save it from further damage. The Western Rajasthan faced the handicaps due to its geographical location and topography in terms of natural resources. Vast expansion of arid region, extremes in climate, fragile soil cover, scanty water resources and absence of perennial rivers are given by nature. However, the situation is exacerbated due to man-made follies. A lot of damage is done because of the absence of a coherent and consistent policy on the use of natural resources. Inconsistencies among various policy measures defeat the objectives of sustainable use of natural resources. Present study tries to analyze the pattern of land use in western Rajasthan Review of Literature There are many studies on the land use pattern of Rajasthan. We have studied them and some of them are cited here; Dr.N.L.Sharma, P.R.Bamb, Dr.N.L.Gupta, L.C.Khatri, Shukla, Anita Jain and many more have studied about the land use in rajasthan.They concludes that the most of the land in Rajasthan is used in the forest, cultivation ,fallow land and for sowing the crops. They suggest for a proper policy for the ultimate land use in the state. There is a lack of the studies which shows the change in the land use pattern, present study tries to fill this gape. 93

P: ISSN No. 2231-0045 RNI No. UPBIL/2012/55438 VOL.-IV, ISSUE-I, August-2015 E: ISSN No. 2349-9435 Periodic Research Objectives of the Study (ii) Human Factors 1. To analyze the land utilization pattern in Western The relationship between population and Rajasthan. land use is reciprocal means for example, the change 2. To study the changing pattern of land use in in farm population pattern influences not only the Western Rajasthan. utilization of the land for various purposes, but land Research Methodology use also determines the pattern of farm population. Present study takes Western Rajasthan in The size of population also affects the use of land for account, which is purposively selected for the study. any purpose. The analysis of collected data has been done with the The utilization of land in various purposes is various statistical tools like average, percentage and also affected by the decision of owner of the land. The composite index owner can take decision for cultivating the crops of his Results and Discussion or her choices. A man keeps many aspects in mind General Land Utilization Pattern regarding take the decision of use of his land for any Generally land is said to be the base of all purpose either it is use for the cultivation of food the natural resources on the earth. Land use can be crops, non-food crops or the commercial crops. defined as the use of land by human beings usually (iii) Economic Factors with emphasis on the functional role of land in Economic factors have more importance in economic activities like cultivation, vegetation and use decision making regarding the use of land for various in other purposes. However, land utilization purposes. The cost of cultivation, various expenses, additionally deals with its problems and alternative income from farm yield, net benefits from cultivation, uses emphasizing their optimum capabilities. farm workers density, the extent of irrigation facilities, The study of land utilization deals with the location and distance from market, the attitude of closely interwoven relationship between man as a farmers, the size of farm and agricultural socio-cultural being and the land as an exhaustible implementation also affects the use of land. These resource provided by nature. The level of land factors collectively influence the land use. utilization clearly reveals population pressure on The rapid demand and growing markets also available land and the prosperity of an area. influences the land use. The demand for more land for Factors Affecting Land Utilization Pattern settlement, industrial purposes, commercial Some of the factors affecting land utilization establishment and other purposes also affects the patterns are discussed below- land use pattern. (i) Physical Factors (iv) Social Factors The land utilization pattern is generally The social factor controls through the affected by the physical factors like relief features, medium of customs, determine the nature and extent climate of the region, fertility of the soil and availability of earning, also spending habits of the people. of water resources. Presently caste losing its former significance and Relief of the land exercises a direct influence coherence but earlier it has very importance in on the land use particularly through elevation, utilization of land. Some caste of the state is dominant ruggedness and slope. Relief also helps in modifying in agriculture activities. Our agrarian structure was climate in general and rainfall in particular. In the state essentially “a hierarchical system consisting of several since long last, slopes has largely controlled the land group linked by a network of economic and social use pattern. The western region of the state is mainly relationship.” Religion in social factor is also affect the arid and semi-arid and desert so called Thar Desert. land use. Relief-wise most of the region of Western Rajasthan (v) Institutional and Other Factors is plain and the land is covered with the sand. Institutional factors with socio-economic Climatic condition especially the rainfall is factors affect the utilization of land for various strongly affects the use of land in different purposes. purposes. The availability of credit for the farmers, The climate of the state is strongly affected by the land reforms, other facilities, facility of transportation geographical location of the state and it is varies from also plays an important role in taking decision arid to sub-humid. More suitable climate for regarding the use of land. agriculture production directly affects the land use for Land Utilization Pattern in Western Rajasthan cultivation purposes. Land utilization pattern involves much The soil texture and fertility also affects the complexity and closely guarded mixture of various land utilization pattern. More fertile the land, more types of uses of land, but for the study purpose the land is used for agriculture purposes while less fertile general land use pattern is broadly classify as forest land is used for other purposes. Thin soil cover land, area not available for cultivation, other positively affects the use of land in different purposes. uncultivated land, fallow land, net area sown, Soil characteristics also guide the land use. cultivated land, total cropped area and area sown The availability of water resources for more than once. The main land use patterns of cultivation affects the agriculture land. The irrigation Western Rajasthan are discussed below. The table facility also increases the land use for agriculture and 4.1 shows the changes of five main categories of land crop production. Livelihood of the crops failure is also utilization patterns in Western Rajasthan for the last closely associated with availability of water. four decades; 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011.

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P: ISSN No. 2231-0045 RNI No. UPBIL/2012/55438 VOL.-IV, ISSUE-I, August-2015 E: ISSN No. 2349-9435 Periodic Research Table 4.1: Land Utilization Patterns in Western Rajasthan. Land Use Patterns Area (In Per cent) Variation (In Per cent) 1981 1991 2001 2011 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11 Forests 1.52 1.91 1.90 2.34 20.07 0.52 23.08 Area not available for cultivation 8.48 8.32 9.38 9.49 -1.30 14.00 0.92 Other uncultivated Land 28.57 25.04 22.43 20.46 -11.87 -9.40 -8.97 Fallow Land 13.18 12.02 38.37 13.04 -8.27 222.82 -66.09 Net area sown 48.22 52.68 27.90 54.64 9.85 -46.43 95.37 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 9.85 -46.43 95.37 Source: Statistical Abstract of Rajasthan, . The land use in Rajasthan, as per nine-fold 1981 to 488690 (2.34 per cent) thousand hectare in classification used by the state government for 2011. This increase of forest area can be ascribed to publication of land use statistics, among nine main forest land got properly demarcated, state awareness five category of classification is reported in table 4.1 about environmental issues, national policy for for Western Rajasthan. awareness about forests, Supreme Court directives to The statistics regarding the utilization of land check deforestation, state’s special efforts for is obtained from Statistical Abstract of Rajasthan reforestation and water facility in , published by Directorate of Economic and Statistics, and districts also helps in increasing ,Jaipur. forest area. All these efforts combined contributed to (i) Forest Land increase this forest area. The change of forest area is The area under forest category in Western reported in table 4.2. Rajasthan increased from 313265 (1.52 per cent) in Table 4.2: Distribution of Forests Land in Western Rajasthan.

Forests Land (In Per cent) Variation (In Per cent) Districts 1981 1991 2001 2011 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11 Barmer 5.10 6.13 6.99 6.57 51.27 28.31 3.43 Bikaner 20.04 16.55 18.61 18.74 4.08 26.34 10.97 Churu 1.91 1.47 1.45 1.35 -3.07 11.36 2.70 Ganganagar 12.21 16.01 13.38 12.38 65.23 -6.09 1.98 Hanumangarh - - 3.39 3.77 - - 22.53 Jaisalmer 5.70 5.40 5.25 9.12 19.23 9.34 91.39 5.75 4.84 4.53 4.51 6.04 5.13 9.79 14.76 9.94 8.93 8.12 -15.13 0.97 0.17 1.00 1.61 1.58 1.43 102.36 10.35 0.00 4.65 3.41 4.05 3.78 -7.59 33.58 2.63 Pali 23.75 20.01 18.09 17.71 6.17 1.58 7.84 5.13 14.64 13.75 12.51 259.82 5.53 0.19 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 26.01 12.38 10.16 Source: Statistical Abstract of Rajasthan, Jaipur. Table 4.2 shows the forest land (in per cent) (ii) Lands Not Available for Cultivation of 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, and variation of 1981- Lands Not Available for Cultivation is of two 91, 1991-01 and 2001-11 for the twelve districts of types; one is land put to non-agriculture use and Western Rajasthan. The variation of 1981-91 is second is barren and uncultivated land. The lands not observed negative in Churu, Jhunjhunu and Nagaur available for cultivation is generally used for industry, districts. Similarly the variation of 1991-01 is observed buildings, roads, schools, urban housing and other negative in only Ganganagar district while the purposes but not used for cultivating the agricultural variation of 2001-11 is observed positive in all the crops. The area got increased from 1741479 (8.48 per districts. The highest positive variation of 1981-91 was cent) to 1977516 (9.49 per cent) thousand hectares in observed in while 33.58 per cent 2011. The distribution of lands not available for variation was observed in in 1991-01. cultivation in Western Rajasthan is reported in table In 2001-11 it was with 91.39 per 4.3. cent variation. Table 4.3: Lands Not Available for Cultivation in Western Rajasthan. Land (In Per cent) Variation (In Per cent) Districts 1981 1991 2001 2011 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11 Barmer 11.39 11.66 10.24 10.03 0.06 1.15 -1.19 Bikaner 7.86 3.46 14.99 15.18 -57.04 399.36 2.19 Churu 4.19 4.29 3.27 3.33 -0.10 -12.22 2.85 Ganganagar 7.08 7.62 3.62 3.59 5.19 -45.23 0.03 Hanumangarh - - 3.03 2.85 - - -4.86 Jaisalmer 24.28 26.54 24.87 25.43 6.76 8.00 3.17 Jalore 6.88 7.85 6.31 6.23 11.30 -7.30 -0.41 Jhunjhunu 1.31 2.08 1.82 1.91 54.99 0.49 6.18 95

P: ISSN No. 2231-0045 RNI No. UPBIL/2012/55438 VOL.-IV, ISSUE-I, August-2015 E: ISSN No. 2349-9435 Periodic Research Jodhpur 12.87 13.07 11.47 11.41 -0.81 1.13 0.36 Nagaur 7.90 8.53 7.33 7.35 5.55 -1.09 1.28 Pali 11.47 12.05 10.41 10.01 2.62 -0.43 -3.05 Sikar 4.77 2.85 2.63 2.67 -41.79 6.64 2.42 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 -2.33 15.21 0.91 Source: Statistical Abstract of Rajasthan, Jaipur Table 4.3 shows the land not available for (iii) Uncultivated Land Excluding Fallow Land cultivation (in per cent) of 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, The other uncultivated land is of three types: and variation of 1981-91, 1991-01 and 2001-11 for the (A) Permanent pasture and other grazing land, (B) twelve districts of Western Rajasthan. The variation of Miscellaneous tree crops and groves and (C) 1981-91 is observed negative in Bikaner, Churu, Cultivable waste land. These types of lands play an Jodhpur and Sikar districts. Similarly the variation of important role in the economy of villages. Actually 1991-01 is observed negative in Churu, Ganganagar, they are the catchment areas of traditional water Jalore, Nagaur and Pali districts while the variation of harnessing structures, source of fodder for animals, 2001-11 is observed negative in Barmer, also fuel and livelihood source for human population, Hanumangarh, Jalore and Pali districts of Western particularly economically poor households of the Rajasthan. villages. These types of lands are also the source of The highest positive variation (54.99 per biodiversity in the ecosystem. cent) was observed in Jhunjhunu district in 1981-91 The area under uncultivated category in while in 1991-01 it was with four times Western Rajasthan decreased from 5865241 (28.57 increase in land not available for cultivation. The per cent) in 1981 to 4262029 (20.46 per cent) variation of 2001-11 was observed highest in thousand hectare in 2011. Due to the irrigation Jhunjhunu district of Western Rajasthan with 6.18 per facilities, mechanization in agriculture and use of cent increase. The irregularity and below average rain modern technology, the area uncultivated land was are responsible for increase in area not available for decreases. The distribution of uncultivated land cultivation while due to Indira Gandhi Canal the excluding fallow land is reported in the table 4.4. cultivation area under crops is increases. Table 4.4: Distribution of Uncultivated Land in Western Rajasthan Land (In Per cent - Excluding Fallow) Variation (In Per cent) Districts 1981 1991 2001 2011 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11 Barmer 9.14 8.78 12.05 19.42 -15.33 3.45 -13.95 Bikaner 22.87 19.90 2.24 33.47 -23.34 -91.50 696.10 Churu 1.32 1.23 1.30 2.34 -17.64 -20.70 -3.67 Ganganagar 3.82 1.68 1.04 2.01 -61.24 -53.39 3.30 Hanumangarh - - 0.34 0.34 - - -46.94 Jaisalmer 51.25 57.55 69.25 16.67 -1.03 -9.31 -87.15 Jalore 1.33 1.33 1.87 3.96 -11.53 5.99 12.85 Jhunjhunu 0.88 0.90 1.20 2.22 -9.97 0.40 -1.34 Jodhpur 4.05 3.39 3.52 6.58 -26.22 -21.71 -0.08 Nagaur 1.90 1.65 2.26 4.16 -23.44 3.18 -1.86 Pali 2.37 2.53 3.60 6.42 -6.05 7.24 -4.81 Sikar 1.08 1.06 1.32 2.41 -13.54 -5.57 -2.59 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 -11.88 -24.63 -46.61 Source: Statistical Abstract of Rajasthan, Jaipur Table 4.4 shows the uncultivated land and the government efforts, the uncultivated land is excluding fallow land (in per cent) for the decades decreases. 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, and decadal variation of (iv) Fallow Land 1981-91, 1991-01 and 2001-11 for the twelve districts The fallow land also classified in to two of Western Rajasthan. The variation of 1981-91 is types; first, old fallow land and second current fallow observed negative in all the districts of Western land. Cultivable land kept unused more than five Rajasthan except Nagaur district. Similarly the years is classified as old fallow land while all land variation of 1991-01 is observed negative in Bikaner, which were taken up for cultivation but are temporary Churu, Ganganagar, Jaisalmer and Jodhpur districts out of cultivation for a period of one year to five year is while the variation of 2001-11 is observed negative in known as current fallow land. Though there may be all the districts of the study area except Bikaner, many reasons for keeping the land fallow, ranging Ganganagar and Jalore districts of Western from poverty of the farmer to non-availability of water Rajasthan. and irrigation or from un-remunerative nature of The highest decline was observed in farming to malarias climate. Ganganagar district in 1981-91 while in 1991-01 it However, in case of the present study was Bikaner district with 91.50 per cent decline. The existence of fallow land may also be attributed to the variation of 2001-11 was observed highest negative in shift of land for non-agriculture uses. The area under Jaisalmer district. The variation of uncultivated land fallow land category in Western Rajasthan slightly was observed highest positive in Bikaner district in decreased from 2704902 (13.18 per cent) in 1981 to decade 2001-11. Due to the awareness in peoples 96

P: ISSN No. 2231-0045 RNI No. UPBIL/2012/55438 VOL.-IV, ISSUE-I, August-2015 E: ISSN No. 2349-9435 Periodic Research 2715448 (13.04 per cent) thousand hectare in 2011. The area under this category is reported in table 4.5. Table 4.5: Distribution of Fallow Land in Western Rajasthan. Land (In Per cent) Variation (In Per cent) Districts 1981 1991 2001 2011 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11 Barmer 19.57 20.28 13.18 20.29 -14.36 109.66 -52.14 Bikaner 9.75 10.92 19.05 14.06 -7.46 462.75 -77.06 Churu 7.67 7.44 8.99 4.00 -19.84 289.99 -86.18 Ganganagar 5.05 7.40 4.77 6.56 21.17 107.92 -57.27 Hanumangarh - - 2.59 2.82 - - -66.24 Jaisalmer 4.44 3.25 6.90 5.78 -39.50 585.60 -73.94 Jalore 7.41 7.13 3.78 7.10 -20.44 71.15 -41.70 Jhunjhunu 1.27 1.40 1.80 1.87 -9.08 314.28 -67.62 Jodhpur 23.02 21.60 21.19 24.18 -22.47 216.57 -64.52 Nagaur 10.64 10.18 9.70 1.00 -20.98 207.61 -96.78 Pali 7.84 6.99 5.68 8.85 -26.36 161.90 -51.54 Sikar 3.34 3.40 2.35 3.50 -15.91 122.57 -53.62 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 -17.38 222.61 -68.91 Source: Statistical Abstract of Rajasthan, Jaipur Table 4.5 shows the fallow land (in per cent) efforts, Indira Gandhi Canal, favorable monsoon and for the decades 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, and climatic conditions, emerging of water lifting systems, decadal variation of 1981-91, 1991-01 and 2001-11 awareness in peoples specially in farmers of that for the twelve districts of Western Rajasthan. The region and many more factors in the Western variation of 1981-91 is observed negative in all the Rajasthan has resulted in changes in land use districts of Western Rajasthan except Ganganagar patterns and intensity of land use and crops. All types district. Similarly the variation of 1991-01 is observed of the above development have mostly been positive in all districts while the variation of 2001-11 is accomplished. observed negative in all the districts of the study area. Despite all the development the Western The highest increase was observed in Ganganagar Rajasthan is being categorized as arid and semi-arid (21.17 per cent) district in 1981-91. The variation of region and entire region of Western Rajasthan is 1991-01 was observed highest increase about six covered under desert and called Thar Desert account times in Jaisalmer district. The variation of fallow land for more than 44 per cent of total geographical area. was observed highest negative (96.78 per cent) in The net area sown is area under actual cultivation Nagaur district in decade 2001-11. The variation of either it is irrigated or un-irrigated land. The net area fallow land in 1981-91 and 2001-11 was observed sown is decline due to mainly drought in the western negative. part of the state. The net area sown in Western (v) Net Area Sown Rajasthan increased from 9897474 (48.22 per cent) in New strategy for agricultural development or 1981 to 11379288 (54.64 per cent) thousand hectare green and other agrarian revolutions, agricultural in 2011. The net area sown in twelve districts of mechanization and use of agricultural equipments, Western Rajasthan is reported in table 4.6. development of irrigation facilities, Government

Table 4.6: Distribution of Net Area Sown in Western Rajasthan

Land (In Per cent) Variation (In Per cent) Districts 1981 1991 2001 2011 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11 Barmer 14.94 15.06 18.37 14.74 10.70 -35.24 58.22 Bikaner 9.17 10.15 3.59 14.09 21.48 -81.20 673.26 Churu 13.13 12.50 9.44 10.24 4.59 -59.92 113.93 Ganganagar 15.42 14.71 9.36 6.65 4.85 -66.22 40.04 Hanumangarh - - 11.69 7.19 - - 21.24 Jaisalmer 2.62 2.87 1.35 5.44 20.53 -75.05 694.37 Jalore 6.25 6.14 9.30 5.73 8.05 -19.64 21.53 Jhunjhunu 4.38 4.01 5.64 3.70 0.46 -25.22 29.32 Jodhpur 11.12 12.10 3.29 11.29 19.62 -85.55 575.70 Nagaur 11.93 11.66 12.78 11.10 7.32 -41.83 71.36 Pali 5.87 5.93 6.13 5.23 10.99 -45.11 68.09 Sikar 5.17 4.87 9.05 4.59 3.43 -1.44 0.16 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 9.86 -46.92 97.17 Source: Statistical Abstract of Rajasthan, Jaipur Table 4.6 shows the net area sown (in per Rajasthan. Similarly the variation of net area sown in cent) for the decades 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, decade 1991-01 is observed negative in all districts and decadal variation of 1981-91, 1991-01 and 2001- while the variation of the decade 2001-11 is observed 11 for the twelve districts of Western Rajasthan. The again positive in all the districts of the study area. variation of net area sown in the decade 1981-91 is The highest increase in net area sown was observed positive in all the districts of Western observed in Bikaner (21.48 per cent) district in 1981- 97

P: ISSN No. 2231-0045 RNI No. UPBIL/2012/55438 VOL.-IV, ISSUE-I, August-2015 E: ISSN No. 2349-9435 Periodic Research 91. The variation of net area sown 1991-01 was excluding fallow land, fallow land, net area sown, total observed highest decline in Jaisalmer district. The cropped area and area sown more than once for the variation of net area sown was observed about seven study area. Each indicator is of an average of values times in Jaisalmer district, also about seven times in of four decades; 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011. Bikaner district and about six times in The scale free indicator is developing by the in decade 2001-11. formula “Actual value minus Minimum value upon Overall Change in Land Use Patterns of Western Maximum value minus Minimum value” of the Rajasthan indicator. Then the index values are divided in to three The overall land use change of the study category; high change, moderate change and low area is measured by composite index of scale free change with the help of formula. Under each category values of seven indicators; forest land, land not of land utilization, reported districts are shown in table available for cultivation, other uncultivated land given below. Table 4.10: Overall Changes in Land Utilization in Western Rajasthan S. N. Category of Change Index Value No. of Districts Percentage of Districts 1 High Change 0.40 – 0.60 4 33.33 2 Medium Change 0.20 – 0.40 4 33.33 3 Low Change 0.02 – 0.20 4 33.33 Total 12 100.00 Source: Computed from secondary data. Above table gives the index value of overall district reported highest value of the index (0.57) while land resource utilization for twelve districts of western reported lowest value of the Rajasthan for decades 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011. index (0.09) among all twelve districts of the study Table shows the three category of land use; high area. In these four districts forest land and change (Index value between 0.40 - 0.60), moderate uncultivated land increases while the cultivated land change (Index value between 0.20 - 0.40), low and gradually the net area sown are increases. The change (Index value between 0.02 - 0.20) of five government sector should take the steps in this field indicators of land use. The table shows that four so the development of these districts can take place in districts are reported in the category of high change; the field utilization of land in Western Rajasthan. four districts are reported in the category of moderate Conclusion change while remaining four districts are reported in The area under forest category in Western the category of low change. In detail each category Rajasthan increased from 1.52 per cent in 1981 to the reported districts are discuss below. 2.34 per cent in 2011. This increase of forest area can (i) High Change be ascribed to forest land got properly demarcated, The overall land utilization pattern is state awareness about environmental issues, national observed high change in four districts of the study policy for awareness about forests, Supreme Court area. The name of these districts are; Bikaner (0.46), directives to check deforestation, state’s special Barmer (0.57), Ganganagar (0.43) and Jaisalmer efforts for reforestation and water facility also helps in (0.47). On the basis of forest land, land not available increasing forest area. for cultivation, other uncultivated land, fallow land, net The lands not available for cultivation is area sown, total cropped area and area sown more generally used for industry, buildings, roads, schools, than once, the land use in these four districts are urban housing and other purposes but not used for reported high change. In these four districts the land cultivating the agricultural crops. The lands not under forest area is increases, uncultivated land available for cultivation got increased from 8.48 per decreases, fallow land decreases and net area sown cent to 9.49 per cent in 2011. increases. The other uncultivated land is of three types; (ii) Moderate Change one is permanent pasture and other grazing land, The overall land resource utilization is second is miscellaneous tree crops and groves and observed moderate change in four districts of the third is cultivable waste land. The area under this Western Rajasthan. These districts are namely; Pali category in Western Rajasthan decreased due to the (0.29), Churu (0.23), Jodhpur (0.35) and Nagaur irrigation facilities, mechanization in agriculture and (0.27). On the basis of forest land, land not available use of modern technology. for cultivation, other uncultivated land, fallow land, net Though there may be many reasons for area sown, total cropped area and area sown more keeping the land fallow, ranging from poverty of the than once, the land use in these districts are reported farmer to non-availability of water and irrigation or in moderate category. from un-remunerative nature of farming to malarias (iii) Low Change climate. However, in case of the present study The overall land resource utilization is existence of fallow land may also be attributed to the observed low change in four districts of the western shift of land for non-agriculture uses. Rajasthan. These four districts are; Jalore (0.16), New strategy for agricultural development Sikar (0.14), Jhunjhunu (0.11) and Hanumangarh and other agrarian revolutions, agricultural (0.09). On the basis of forest land, land not available mechanization and use of agricultural equipments, for cultivation, other uncultivated land, fallow land and development of irrigation facilities, Government net area sown, total cropped area and area sown efforts, Indira Gandhi Canal, favorable monsoon and more than once, the land use in these four districts climatic conditions, emerging of water lifting systems, are reported in the category of low change. Barmer awareness in peoples specially in farmers of that 98

P: ISSN No. 2231-0045 RNI No. UPBIL/2012/55438 VOL.-IV, ISSUE-I, August-2015 E: ISSN No. 2349-9435 Periodic Research region and many more factors in the Western Ph.D Thesis / M.Phil and M.A. Dissertation Rajasthan has resulted in changes in land use 14. patterns and intensity of land use and crops. All types of the above development have mostly been accomplished. Despite all the development the Western Rajasthan is being categorized as arid and semi-arid 15. Gemawat, S. (1985) : Agricultural Landuse and region and entire region of Western Rajasthan is Population : A geographical Analysis of Salumber covered under desert. The net area sown is area Tehsil ( District) Rajasthan ; Ph.D Thesis under actual cultivation either it is irrigated or un- Sukhadia University, Udaipur (Raj.) irrigated land. The net area sown is decline due to 16. Gupta, N.L. (1966) : Land Utilization in Udaipur mainly drought in the western part of the state. Plateau. Ph.D Thesis, Udaipur University, References Udaipur (Raj.) BOOKS 17. Khatri, L.C. (1977) : Changing Pattern of Land 1. Chatterjee, S.P. (1945) : Land Utilization in the Utilization in Badgaon Village, Girwa Tehsil, district of 24 Parganas, Bengal" B.C. Law, Vol. Unpublished Dissertation Udaipur Part 2, Calcutta. University, Udaipur (Raj.) 2. Gupta, N.L. (1987) : "Dynamics of Cropping 18. Pattern : A Case Study of Godiya Mehar Village" (in) Sharma H.S. & M.L. Sharma (eds) "Environment design and Development", Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur (Raj.), pp. 225-269 3. Khatri, L.C. (1987): "Triends and Changes of Land Utilization and Agricultural Protection in 19. Rajasthan 1951-1985", (in) Sharma H.S. & M.L. Sharma (eds) Environment design and Development : Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur (Raj.), pp. 232-237 4. Shafi, M. (1960) : " Land Utilization in Eastern Uttar Pradesh", A.M.V. Press, Aligarh, U.P. 20. 5. Singh S.K. & Dikshit S.K. (2013) : “Population and Regional development” Radha Publication New Delhi Article 6. Basu, S., (1988) : "Land Use in Malkuria Village – A case study in Bankura District", Geographical Review of India, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 88-90. 7. Bhagabati, A.K., (1989) : "Spatial Pattern of Land Utilization in Nalbari District, Assam", Geographical Review of India, Vol. 57, No. 1 8. Bharadwaj, B.K. (1971) : "Spatial Pattern of Ranking of Land Utilization Categories and Landuse Combination Region in Gurgaon Development Block ", The Geographer pp. 112-123 9. Dhillon, S.S. (1977) : "The Impact of Land form on Agriculture Landuse in Mahasu District" (Himachal Pradesh) Geographical Review of India, Vol. 39. (2) 10. Dube, R.S. (1969) : "Landuse Pattern and Population in the Lahandwar Village, District – Rewa", M.P., India, Indian Geographical Journal, X/iv, 3 & 4 pp. 27-36. 11. Malhotra, S.P., (1976) : "Land Utilization and Agricultural Situation in Bikaner", The Geographer, Vol. XIV, 1, 1-9. 12. Sen A.K. & K.N. Gupta (1990) : Land Use charactristics of Ganganagar District Rajasthan, Geographical Review of India, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 60.74 13. Abhaya Kumar Rakesh (2004-05) : Modal of Land Utilization in Ajamgarh District (U.P.), pp. 185-193

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