The Genus Loew (Diptera: ) in America North of Mexico Author(s): Jeffrey K. Barnes Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 115(1):9-36. 2013. Published By: Entomological Society of Washington DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.115.1.9 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4289/0013-8797.115.1.9

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THE GENUS STICHOPOGON LOEW (DIPTERA: ASILIDAE) IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

JEFFREY K. BARNES

Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, 319 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected])

Abstract.—The species of Stichopogon occurring in the United States and Canada are reviewed. A key to species, diagnoses, illustrations, and distribution maps are presented. Stichopogon californica, new species, is described from Monterey County, California. Lectotypes are designated for Stichopogon abdominalis Back, Stichopogon argenteus (Say) and Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken. Stichopogon pritchardi Bromley, 1951 is synonymized with Stichopogon colei Bromley, 1934 (new synonymy). Key Words: Brachycera, new species, robber flies, , Stichopogonini DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.115.1.9

Stichopogon is a genus of robber flies shores of lakes and seas, and similar sit- consisting of about 100 valid species. uations. James (1938) found that bare More than half of the species are Pale- areas in Colorado, such as exposed rock arctic, and only three are Neotropical surfaces, windblown areas and stream- (Geller-Grimm 2008, Papavero 2009). sides, supported a limited robber fly Ten valid species are now recognized in fauna. Stichopogon trifasciatus and S. the Nearctic Region. Barnes (2010) re- argenteus were characteristic of this viewed the Nearctic species with white- fauna. Cuthbertson (1938) reported that banded abdomens. flies of the Afrotropical species Sticho- Lavigne and Londt (2003) compiled pogon punctum Loew rest on sandy soil published records of the observed prey of and fly up at small prey. Engel and 12 identified Stichopogon species from Cuthbertson (1939) found Stichopogon around the world. Of some 191 observed inaequalis Loew and Stichopogon her- prey, approximately 53% were Diptera. manni Bezzi (as Stichopogon mac- Osten Sacken (1878) noted that Sticho- ulipennis Engel and Cuthbertson) on sand pogon argenteus (Say) is not rare on sea- at water’s edge. Adisoemarto (1967) beaches in the Atlantic states. Bromley added “pastures and bare fields (including (1934, 1946) noted that the widely dis- unpaved roads) near streams” to the list of tributed Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say) habitats that may harbor S. trifasciatus. occurs on bare, sandy or gravelly areas Lavigne and Holland (1969) found that S. and feeds to a considerable extent on trifasciatus in Wyoming was found only small flies and spiders. Efflatoun Bey near natural drainages, suggesting that (1937) found that all North African spe- this species needs a relatively moist cies occur on sandy river banks, sandy habitat, perhaps for larval development. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Adults captured mostly Diptera prey but tion of Asilidae, El Dorado Hills, Cal- also some Hemiptera and some other ar- ifornia (EFCA); Essig Museum of En- thropods. Londt (1979) reported that his tomology, University of California, own experiences collecting at many lo- Berkeley (EMEC); Utah State University calities in southern Africa added further Insect Collection, Logan (EMUS); Uni- support to the contention that Stichopo- versity of Wyoming Insect Museum, gon species usually occur in moist, sandy Laramie (ESUW); Field Museum of locations, although some species were Natural History, Chicago (FMNH); found in dry, sandy river beds or along the Florida State Collection of , stony banks of mountain streams. He also Gainesville (FSCA); Illinois Natural pointed out that females of Stichopogon History Survey, Champaign (INHS); species are equipped with acanthophor- Kansas State University Museum of En- ites and can thus be expected to lay eggs tomological and Prairie Re- in the soil. In their study of Stichopogon search, Manhattan (KSUC); Los Angeles catulus Osten Sacken in Arizona, Weeks County Museum of Natural History, Los and Hespenheide (1985) found that for- Angeles (LACM); Louisiana State Ar- aging usually took place in the air. thropod Museum, Louisiana State Uni- Feeding was most common in the morn- versity, Baton Rouge (LSAM); Museum ing, with adults capturing mostly Diptera of Comparative Zoology, Harvard but also some Hemiptera. Andrade (2011) University, Cambridge, Massachusetts recorded for the first time Collembola and (MCZ); Mississippi Entomological Mu- Acariformes as prey of Asilidae. The seum, Mississippi State (MEM); Mon- tana Entomology Collection, Bozeman predator was Stichopogon elegantulus (MTEC); North Carolina State University (Wiedemann) inhabiting sandy, coastal Insect Museum, Raleigh (NCSU); Na- areas of Portugal. turhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria (NMW); Oregon State Arthropod Col- MATERIAL AND METHODS lection, Corvallis (OSAC); K. C. Emerson During the course of this study, speci- Entomology Museum, Oklahoma State mens were examined from the following University, Stillwater (OSEC); Charles collections: American Museum of Natu- A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, The ral History, New York City (AMNH); Ohio State University, Columbus (OSU); Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- Peabody Museum of Natural History, delphia (ANSP); Natural History Mu- Yale University, New Haven Connecticut seum, London (BMNH); Monte L. Bean (PMNH); San Diego Natural History Life Science Museum, Brigham Young Museum, California (SDMC); Snow University, Provo (BYU); California Entomological Museum, University of Academy of Sciences, San Francisco Kansas, Lawrence (SEMC); Texas A&M (CAS); Canadian National Collection University Insect Collection, College of , Arachnids and Nematodes, Station (TAMU); Torsten Dikow’s col- Ottawa (CNC); California State Collec- lection of Asilidae, Chicago, Illinois tion of Arthropods, Sacramento (CSCA); (TDCA); University of Arkansas Arthropod Department of Bioagricultural Sciences Museum, Fayetteville (UAAM); University and Pest Management, Colorado State of Arizona Insect Collection, Tucson University, Fort Collins (CSUC); Cornell (UAIC); R. M. Bohart Museum of Ento- University Insect Collections, Ithaca, mology, University of California, Davis New York (CUIC); Eric Fisher’s collec- (UCDC); Entomology Research Museum, VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 11

University of California, Riverside (UCR); Diagnosis.—Small species with dark University of Michigan Museum of colored cuticle, often variably covered Zoology, Ann Arbor (UMMZ); Univer- with pale tomentum. Abdomens often sity of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln banded. Strong bristles absent from (UNSM); National Museum of Natural frons, ocellar tubercle, and most of History, Washington, D.C. (USNM); mesonotum. Mystax a tightly packed and William F. Barr Entomological row of setae confined to lower margin of Museum, University of Idaho, Moscow face, shielding proboscis. Frons greatly (WFBM). expanded toward vertex. Flagellum ta- Genitalia were macerated in sodium pered distally; style shorter than fla- hydroxide using standard techniques as gellum. Posterior margin of compound described in Steyskal et al. (1986). They eye distinctly sinuate on ventral half; are stored in glycerol in microvials at- anterior ommatidia greatly enlarged. tached to the pins holding the source One notopleural bristle present on each flies. side. Prosternum and proepisternum Terminology largely follows that found fused. Postmetacoxal area membra- in the Manual of Nearctic Diptera nous. Epandrium hoodlike, covering (McAlpine 1981). Body length refers to male genitalia, narrowly connected the distance from the front of the face to to hypandrium; subepandrial sclerite the tip of the abdomen and excludes the with short, stout macrosetae on distal length of the antennae. Wing length is margin. measured from the anterior end of the Discussion.—The epandrial character tegula to the apex of the wing. Anten- is an autapomorphy of the clade that nomere:scape ratios were calculated by forms most of the Stichopogoninae, ex- dividing the length of each antennomere cept for , and the sub- by the length of the first antennomere epandrial character is an autapomorhpy (scape). The numbers are listed in order of the clade containing only Stichopo- from the basal antennomere to the apical gon and Lissoteles (Cannings 2002). antennomere. For example, the ratio Stichopogon differs from Lissoteles in 1.0:1.5:4.1:2.8 indicates that the pedicel that it lacks facial bristles other than the is 1.5 times the length of the scape, and mystax, and the antennal style is shorter the flagellum is 4.1 times the length of the than the broad and elongate flagellum. scape, and the style is 2.8 times the length In the small genus Lissoteles the fla- of the scape. gellum is short and oval, and the style is about equal in length to the remainder RESULTS AND DISCUSSION of the antenna (Martin 1961). Lissoteles is a genus of strictly littoral flies with Stichopogon Loew nine species inhabiting the American (Figs. 1–19) Pacific coast from northern Mexico to Dasypogon (Stichopogon) Loew 1847: 499. Peru and two species inhabiting the Type species: Dasypogon elegantulus Caribbean coast from Costa Rica to Wiedemann in Meigen 1820: 270, by Venezuela. Western Hemisphere Sti- subsequent designation of Back 1909: 332. chopogon species are often associated Stichopogon: Schiner 1862: 128. with sandy soils, and some species, in- Neopogon Bezzi 1910: 147. Type species: cluding two dealt with in the present Dasypogon trifasciatus Say 1823: 51, by work, may be strictly littoral (Fisher original designation. 2009). 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 1–3. Stichopogon abdominalis. 1, Abdominal tergites, male, Florida, Highlands County; 2, Epandrium and subepandrial sclerite, ventral view, Florida, Citrus County; 3, United States distribution by county.

Key to Species of Stichopogon 2. Ocellar triangle and scutellum lacking well- Loew From America developed setae; tergites 2–3 and 5–6 mostly opaque dark brown or black. Widely dis- North of Mexico tributed . . . . Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say) 1. Abdomen distinctly banded, white tomen- - Ocellar triangle and scutellum with well- tose abdominal tergite 4 usually contrasting developed setae; tergites 2–3 and 5–6 all sharply with dark abdominal tergites 2–3 or mostly either opaque or shining dark and5–6or5–7...... 2 brown or black. Coastal southern Cal- - Abdomen more or less concolorous, ab- ifornia...... 3 dominal tergite 4 not appreciably different 3. Frons and vertex with distinct silver prui- from others, but sometimes with white to- nescence; cell m3 usually at least short mentose anterolateral corners most pro- petiolate; abdominal tergites 2–3 and 5–6 nounced on tergites 4–5 ...... 4 mostly opaque black or dark brown; tergite 7 VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 13

Figs. 4–6. Stichopogon arenicola. 4, Abdominal tergites, male, Arizona, Gila County; 5, Epandrium and subepandrial sclerite, ventral view, Arizona, Gila County; 6, United States distribution by county.

usually white tomentose, sometimes opaque - Ocellar triangle and scutellum with well- black. California: Los Angeles, Orange and developed setae; cell m3 petiolate or SanDiegocounties...... not; tibiae concolorous; abdominal tergites ...... Stichopogon coquillettii (Bezzi) usually dark brown to black in ground - Frons and vertex with only sparse, white color ...... 6 pruinescence; cell m3 usually not petiolate; 5. Abdominal tergites 2–5 or 2–6 bearing nar- abdominal tergites 2–3 and 5–7 mostly row, even anterior and lateral bands of polished black. California: Santa Barbara, white tomentum (Fig. 1); female tergite Ventura and Los Angeles counties ...... 8 usually polished. Throughout Florida ...... Stichopogon venturiensis Barnes (Fig.3)...... 4. Ocellar triangle and scutellum usually lack- ...... Stichopogon abdominalis Back ing well-developed setae; cell m3 petiolate; - Abdominal tergites 2–5 or 2–6 bearing tibiae usually reddish or yellowish, at least at wide, uneven anterior and lateral bands of base; abdominal tergites reddish brown in white tomentum widest at anterolateral groundcolor...... 5 margins (Fig. 15); female tergite 8 usually 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 7–8. Stichopogon argenteus. 7, Abdominal tergites, male, New Jersey, Ocean County; 8, United States distribution by county.

opaque. Nebraska and Wyoming south to 8. Body densely gray tomentose. Knob of Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas and New halter nearly white. Hind femur tomentose Mexico (Fig. 17) ...... ventrally. Widespread but spotty, in sandy ...... Stichopogon colei Bromley areas east of the Rocky Mountains, June– October (Fig. 8) ...... 6. Cell m3 usually petiolate; female sternite 8 Stichopogon argenteus with dense tufts of apical setae ...... 7 ...... (Say) - Cell m usually not petiolate; female ster- - Body sparsely gray tomentose. Knob of 3 halter golden brown. Hind femur with pol- nite 8 with or without dense tufts of apical ished bare patch ventrally (Fig. 9). Monterey setae ...... 9 County,California,April(Fig.12)...... 7. Body mostly gray tomentose, with mostly ...... Stichopogon californica Barnes pale setae ...... 8 9. Body dark brown to black in ground color, - Entire body sparsely golden tomentose, with thin and scattered gray tomentum; usually with several black scutal setae. usually with some occipital and scutal se- Arizona and New Mexico (Fig. 6) ...... tae black; with white tomentose antero- ...... Stichopogon arenicola Wilcox lateral corners most pronounced on tergites VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 15

Figs. 9–12. Stichopogon californica. 9, Hind femur, lateral view, California, Monterey County; 10, Wing, California, Monterey County; 11, Abdominal tergites, male, California, Monterey County; 12, United States distribution by county. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 13–14. Stichopogon catulus. 13, Abdominal tergites, male, New Mexico, Catron County; 14, United States distribution by county.

4–5 (Fig. 13); female sternite 8 without dense Stichopogon abdominalis Back tufts of apical setae. Texas, New Mexico and (Figs. 1–3) ArizonasouthtoSinaloa(Fig.14)...... Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken Stichopogon abdominalis Back 1909: 332 - Body yellowish brown to brown in ground color, densely covered with gray or Diagnosis.—Male body, excluding brownish gray tomentum; head and thorax antennae, 7.0–8.6 mm long (mean = 7.7 often darker than, and contrasting with, mm, n = 14); female 7.5–10.4 mm long light yellowish brown legs and abdomen; all (mean = 9.2 mm, n = 19). Ocellar tu- setae pale; with all abdominal tergites sim- bercle lacking well developed setae. ilar in appearance (Fig. 18); female sternite Average antennomere:scape ratios 8 with dense tufts of apical setae. Idaho and Oregon south to Chihuahua and Baja Cal- 1.0:1.5:4.1:2.8. Scutellum with dense ifornia Sur (Fig. 19) ...... grayish white tomentum, lacking well ...... Stichopogon fragilis Back developed discal and marginal setae. VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 17

Figs. 15–17. Stichopogon colei. 15, Abdominal tergites, male, Texas, Bastrop County; 16, Epan- drium and subepandrial sclerite, ventral view, Texas, Bastrop County; 17, United States distribution by county.

Wing 4.4–5.4 mm long in male (mean = distal row of 9–10 short, stout spines on 5.0 mm, n = 14); 5.3–6.6 mm long in each side of midline ventrally (Fig. 2). female (mean = 6.0 mm, n = 14). Cell m3 Discussion.—Stichopogon abdomi- usually at least short petiolate at base. nalis is known only from Florida (Fig. Abdominal tergites mostly opaque red- 3). It is similar in appearance to the dish brown, with anterior and lateral midwestern S. colei. Adults have been margins of tergites 2–5 or 2–6 bearing collected from April through August. narrow, even bands of white tomentum Type material examined.—Two males (Fig. 1). Female tergite 8 usually pol- and one female in the AMNH col- ished. Female sternite 8 lacking dense lection are labeled [Gotha\Fla.\III.96] tufts of apical setae. Epandrium white [W. M. Wheeler,\Collection.] [Am. Mus. tomentose. Subepandrial sclerite with Nat. Hist.\Dept. Invert. Zool.\No. 563] 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 18–19. Stichopogon fragilis. 18, Abdominal tergites, male, Idaho, Gooding County; 19, United States distribution by county.

[COTYPE\abdominalis\E. A. Back]. Other material examined.—UNITED One male is hereby designated lecto- STATES: FLORIDA: Alachua County, type for clarification and to ensure 28-IV-1923, ♂ (UMMZ); 6-V-1955, ♂, stabilization in nomenclature. I have ♀ (FSCA); 13-V-1955, ♀ (FSCA); labeled it [LECTOTYYPE MALE\ 10-VIII-1955, ♂, ♀ (FSCA); Archer, Diptera: Asilidae\Stichopogon abdomi- 6-V-1959, 2 ♂,2♀ (FSCA); Archer, 22- nalis Back\designated by J. K. Barnes]. IV-1961, ♀ (FSCA); 3/4 mi. W Archer, I have labeled the other two specimens turkey oak, sandhill, 4-VI-1969, 2 ♂, [PARALECTOTYPE\Diptera: Asilidae\ ♀ (EFCA); 4-VII-1955, 3 ♂,8♀ Stichopogon abdominalis Back\designated (FSCA); Gainesville, 10-VII-1923, ♂ by J. K. Barnes]. The lectotype is 7.5 mm (UMMZ); Gainesville, 10-VII-1923, long and has wings 4.9 mm long. The ♀ (UMMZ); Gainesville, 6-VIII-1925, flagellum is missing and therefore anten- ♀ (UMMZ); Newberry, 7-VIII-1959, ♀ nomere:scape ratios cannot be determined. (FSCA). Bay County, St. Andrews State VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 19

Park, 30-VIII-1960, ♀ (UCDC); US 31-VII-1930, ♀ (SEMC); Branford, 4-VIII- 98 at Old Ferry Road, 1-VII-2000, ♀ 1939, 3 ♂, ♀ (USNM); Suwannee Springs, (CSUC). Citrus County, 29-VII-1959, 29-VII-1930, ♀ (SEMC); Suwannee 2 ♂, ♀ (FSCA); Red Level, 6-VII-1948, Springs, 2–3-VIII-1939, 2 ♂,2♀ (USNM). 5 ♂,4♀ (FSCA, SEMC). Clay County, Walton County, Mossy Head, 20-VII-1938, Camp Crystal, 20-V-1961, ♀,(FSCA); ♀ (USNM). Crystal Lake, 1-VIII-1969, ♀ (FSCA); Gold Head Branch State Park, 19-V- Stichopogon arenicola Wilcox 1963, ♀ (FSCA). Columbia County, (Figs. 4–6) ♀ 4-V-1973, (FMNH). Dixie County, Stichopogon arenicola Wilcox 1936: 207 at Hwy 361 jct. SW 348 Ave., 9-VII- 2005, 4 ♂,2♀ (CSUC); Rd. 361, 2 mi. Diagnosis.—Entire body sparsely S Sina Sand Pit, 30-VI-2007, ♂ (CSUC). golden tomentose, usually with several Hernando County, Brooksville, 17-VII- black scutal setae. Male body, excluding 1938, ♂,2♀ (EMEC, USNM). High- antennae, 5.6–7.7 mm long (mean = 6.6 lands County, near airport, fossil sand mm, n = 13); female 6.5–8.8 mm long dunes, 30-IV–1-V-1983, ♀ (FSCA); (mean = 7.6 mm, n = 22). Ocellar tu- Archbold Biological Station, insect flight bercle with several long, pale, hairlike trap, 23-V-1978, ♀ (FSCA); Highlands setae, about as long as, or longer than, Hammock State Park, 8-VII-2005, 6 ♂, distance between ocelli. Antennomere: 3 ♀ (CSUC); Sebring, 5-VII-1974, 2 ♂, scape ratios 1.0:1.2:3.9:2.0. Scutellum ♀ (FSCA); Sebring, near Hendricks with dense, gray tomentum, lacking Field, fossil sand dunes, 5-VII-1976, ♀ discal setae, with several long, pale (FSCA). Lake County, Lake Ola, 5-V- marginal setae at least as long as length 1932, ♂ (FSCA). Miami-Dade County, of scutellum. Wing 4.6–6.8 mm long in Miami, 9-VIII-1934, ♀ (CSUC). Oka- male (mean = 5.1 mm, n = 13); 5.1–6.8 loosa County, Destin, 17-V-1969, 4 ♂,15 mm long in female (mean = 5.7 mm, n = ♀ (EFCA, FSCA); Destin, beach and 22). Cell m3 usually long petiolate at dunes, 14–15-V-1948, ♂,3♀ (FSCA, base. Abdominal tergites dark brown in MCZ); 4 mi. E Destin, 15-IV-1962, ♂ ground color, with gray tomentum es- (FSCA); Elgin Airforce Base, 25-IV- pecially at anterolateral angles (Fig. 4). 1965, ♀ (FSCA). Orange County, Gotha, Female tergite 8 opaque, with dense tufts III-1896, 4 ♂,2♀, 1 sex unknown of apical setae. Epandrium gray tomen- (FSCA, USNM); Orlando, 23-IV-2009, tose. Subepandrial sclerite with distal ♀ (MCZ). Pasco County, Hudson, 13- row of 3 short, stout spines on each side VII-1939, 2 ♂,2♀ (SEMC, USNM); of midline ventrally (Fig. 5). Lacoochee, 7-VII-1948, ♂ (SEMC). Discussion.—Stichopogon arenicola Pinellas County, 2.4 mi E Tarpon Springs, is known only from southeastern Ari- 17-VIII-1938, ♂ (UMMZ). Polk County, zona and southwestern New Mexico 29-VI-2007, ♀ (CSUC); Allen David (Fig. 6). Adults have been collected from Broussard Catfish Creek Preserve State early April to early June. Park, 3 mi. S Firetower Road, off SR 542, Stichopogon catulus specimens in some 27-IV-2008, 2 ♂ (CSUC); Allen David collections have been misidentified as S. Broussard Catfish Creek Preserve State arenicola, apparently due to a strict in- Park, 3 mi. S Firetower Road, off SR terpretation of Wilcox’s (1936) key, which 542, 5-VIII-2007, ♀ (CSUC). Suwannee stipulates that S. catulus has black occip- County, 28-VII-1954, ♀ (FSCA); Banford, ital bristles. In fact, the occipital bristles 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON range from black to white. Stichopogon Other material examined.—UNITED arenicola can be readily recognized by the STATES: ARIZONA: Cochise County, yellow-gray pollinosity of the scutum and San Pedro, 4100’, 3-VI-1999, ♂,2♀ abdomen, the long petiole on cell m3,and (BYU). Gila County, San Carlos, 3-IV- the position of crossvein r-m at about one 1938, 3 ♂, ♀ (UAIC, USNM); San third of the distance from the base to the Carlos, Gila River Valley, 2 ♂,5♀ apex of the discal cell. In S. catulus,the (EFCA, MCZ, USNM). scutum and abdomen are gray pollinose, NEW MEXICO: Grant County, Gila and abdominal segments 4 and 5 have National Forest, on sand by river, 25-V- especially wide bands of pollinosity. Cell 2008, 1 ♂,1♀ (UAAM). m3 is sometimes short petiolate but often not petiolate at all, and crossvein r-m is Stichopogon argenteus (Say) located at about one quarter of the dis- (Figs. 7–8) tance from the base to the apex of the discal cell. Dasypogon argenteus Say 1823: 51 Type material examined.—The holo- Stichopogon argenteus: Schiner 1866: 680 type male is in the CAS collection, and it Diagnosis.—Entire body densely gray is labeled [Gila Riv. Valley\San Carlos, tomentose, with mostly pale setae. Male Ariz\D. K. Duncan] [Mar\DKDuncan] body, excluding antennae, 4.8–7.3 mm [HOLOTYPE\ Stichopogon\arenicola long (mean = 5.9 mm, n = 18); female \Wilcox] [California Academy\of Sci- 5.1–10 mm long (mean = 7.7 mm, n = ences\Type No. 6525]. It measures 6.8 19). Ocellar tubercle with long, fine, mm long, and the wings are 5.3 mm pale, hairlike, posterior setae, about long. The antennomere:scape ratios are as long as, or longer than, distance 1.0:1.3:3.8:2.3. between ocelli. Average antennomere: Six females in the CAS collection, scape ratios 1.0:1.2:2.8:1.7. Scutellum two males and two females in the WSU with dense, gray tomentum, lacking collection, one male in the UAIC col- discal setae, with several relatively pale, lection, one male and one female in the hairlike marginal setae at least as long as UCR collection, two males and two fe- length of scutellum. Wing 3.1–5.4 mm males in the AMNH collection, one male long in male (mean = 4.4 mm, n = 18); and one female in the CSUC collection, 4.3–6.6 mm long in female (mean = 5.5 one female in the EFCA collection, and mm, n = 19). Cell m at least short pet- one male and one female in the USNM 3 iolate at base. Abdominal tergites en- collection are labeled [Gila Riv. Valley\ tirely or mostly white or gray tomentose San Carlos, Ariz\D. K. Duncan] [Mar\ (Fig. 7). Female tergite 8 opaque. Fe- DKDuncan] [PARATYPE\ Stichopogon\ male sternite 8 with dense tufts of apical arenicola \Wilcox]. A female in the MCZ setae. Epandrium white tomentose. collection bears the same data plus the Subepandrial sclerite with distal row of label [M. C. Z.\Paratype\23255], a male 2–4 short, stout spines on each side of in the CAS collection bears the same midline ventrally. data plus the labels [No. 68] [Males] Discussion.—The distribution of S. [Stichopogon\arenicola\Wilcx\det. J. Wilcox argenteus is spotty. Existing records 1935], and a female in the CAS collection show that it occurs in widely separated bears the same date plus the labels [No. sandy habitats from Massachusetts and 68] [Females]. Delaware west to Manitoba and Colo- VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 21 rado (Fig. 8). Adults have been collected ILLINOIS: Lake County, Illinois from late April to early October. Beach State Park, 30-VII-2002, 2 ♀ Osten Sacken (1878) noted that S. (INHS); Lake Forest, 6 ♀, ♂ (CUIC, argenteus is fairly common on seashores EFCA, USNM). in the Atlantic states. James (1938) KANSAS: Meade County, 14-VIII- found that S. argenteus and S. trifascia- 1945, ♀ (SEMC). Reno County, Medora, tus were characteristic of the limited sand dunes, 22-IX, 2 ♂ (USNM). robber fly fauna of bare areas in Colo- MASSACHUSETTS: Bristol County, rado, such as exposed rock, windblown Horse Neck Beach, 9-VIII-1896, ♂,1 areas and streamsides. Rogers and Lavigne sex unknown (FMNH); 12-VIII-1896, ♀ (1972) found this species to be rare in the (FMNH). Pawnee National Grassland of northeastern MICHIGAN: Allegan County, Lake- Colorado. Individuals were observed to town Township, 25-VI-1981, 2 ♀ rest on sand, making short flights of 10–20 (UMMZ). Berrien County, E. K. Warren centimeters at a height of 5–10 cm above Preserve, Sawyer Dunes, 3-VII-1919, ♀ ground. (UMMZ); 11-VII-1920, 5 ♀ (UMMZ); Type material examined.—Say (1823) New Buffalo, 5-VII-1920, ♂ (UMMZ); described this species from specimens Warren Dunes, 12-VII-1982, 2 ♂ collected in Pennsylvania and Maryland. (UMMZ); Warren Dunes State Park, A female specimen in the NMW collec- 30-VII-1960, 7 ♂,3♀ (UCDC). Emmet tion is labeled [Pennsylv.] [argenteus Say\ County, Sturgeson Bay, 9-VII-1955, ♀ Pennsylvania] [Stichopogon\trifasciatus\ (EMUS). Oakland County, 17-VI-1916, Coll. Winthem] [Stichopogon\argenteus ♀ (UMMZ). Oceana County, Pentwater, Say]. Lacking evidence to the contrary, I 14–19-VII-1935, 6 ♂,3♀ (FMNH, assume that this a syntype specimen that USNM); Silver Lake State Park, 27-VII- Say sent to Wiedemann, and I hereby 1934, 2 ♂ (UMMZ). designate it as lectotype for clarification NEBRASKA: Madison County, and to ensure stabilization in nomencla- Meadow Grove, 18-VII-1929, ♀ (USNM). ture. I have labeled it [Lectotype Female NEW JERSEY: Cape May County, \Diptera: Asilidae\Stichopogon argenteus Avalon, 12-VIII, ♂, ♀ (MCZ); 21-IX, (Say)\designated by J. K. Barnes]. It is sex unknown (MCZ); 29-VII-1894, 2 ♂, 10.5 mm long and has wings 7.8 mm 2 ♀ (MCZ); 26-VII-1923, ♂, ♀ (CUIC); long. The antennomere:scape ratios are Cape May, 29-VII-1894, sex unknown 1.0:1.5:5.3:3.5. (USNM); Corson’s Inlet, 29-VII-1894, Other material examined.—UNITED ♂ (USNM); Corson’s Inlet, 2-VIII-1896, STATES: COLORADO: Alamosa County, ♀ (USNM); Ocean City, 10-IX-1905, ♀ 7-VIII-37, ♀ (KSUC); Great Sand Dunes (KSUC); Wildwood, 29-VII-1894, ♀,3 Nation Monument, 80009, grass island in sex unknown (FMNH, SEMC). Ocean dunes, ♂, ♀ (ESUW). County, Island Beach State Park, CONNECTICUT: New Haven County, coastal dunes, 28-VIII-1976, 4 ♂, ♀ Town of Guilford, Grass Island, from (EMEC); Seaside Park, 19-IX-1926, ♂ Neck Rd., 41°15’56”N 072°39’31”W, (CUIC). 2m,9-IX-2006,2♂,6♀ (TDCA). NEW YORK: Nassau County, Bayville, DELAWARE: Sussex County, Rehoboth, 6-IX, ♂,3♀ (MCZ); Jones Beach State 2-VIII-1941, ♀, 1 sex unknown (USNM); Park, 30-VII-1974, ♂ (CUIC); Long Rehoboth Beach, 28-VIII-1976, 6 ♂,6♀ Beach, ♂ (MCZ); Long Beach, 23- (EFCA, WFBM). VII-1911, ♀ (MCZ); Sands Point, Long 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Island, ♀ (MCZ). Suffolk County, Fire dense row of long, white setae on ex- Island Beach, 17-28-VIII-1918, ♂ (MCZ); treme lower margin of face; upper face 29-VIII-1935, ♂, ♀ (UCR); 22-IX-1935, with few scattered setae. Frons thinly ♂, ♀ (CUIC); 26-VIII-1938, ♂ (CUIC); white tomentose, with scattered thin, Gardiner’s Island, 26-VIII-1938, ♀ hairlike setae. Vertex sparsely white to- (CUIC); Oak Beach, 23-VIII-1934, 5 ♂,11 mentose. Ocellar triangle low, not tu- ♀ (CUIC); 5-IX-1934, 21 ♂,9♀ (CSUC, berculate, with several long, thin, pale, CUIC, TAMU, USNM); 15-IX-1934, 36 hairlike setae about as long as distance ♂,22♀ (CUIC, TAMU, USNM, WFBM); between lateral ocelli. Postocular setae 25-VIII-1935, 49 ♂,25♀ (CUIC); 25-29- thin, white. Postgena and stipes with VIII-1935, 6 ♂,6♀ (EFCA); 29-VIII- dense vestiture of long, thin, white, 1935, 4 ♂,5♀ (CSUC, UCR); Water Mill, hairlike setae. Proboscis black, more or 18-VIII-1946, 4 ♀ (SEMC). less cylindrical, about 2.4X as long as OHIO: Erie County, Kelleys Island, deep; deepest near base, tapered to 25-30-VIII-1949, ♂,13♀ (OSU, USNM). rounded apex. Palpi short, black, bearing PENNSYLVANIA: Erie County, Presque few short, pale, hairlike setae. Average Isle, sand dunes, 21-VII-1953, ♂ (CNC). antennal length 0.35X head width; an- TEXAS: Hutchinson County, Borger, tenna black, with sparse white tomen- 8-X-1933, ♀ (TAMU). tum; scape and pedicel with several pale CANADA: MANITOBA: Bald Head setae ventrally; average antennomere: Hills, 13 mi. N Glenboro, 24-VI-1958, scape ratios 1.0:1.4:4.5:2.7. ♂ (CNC); Onah, 9-VIII-1920, 2 ♂ Thorax with cervical sclerites white (SEMC); 19-VIII-1920, 11 ♀ (CNC, tomentose, lacking long setae. Ante- EMEC, EMUS, USNM); 6-VIII-1928, pronotum white tomentose, with row of ♂, ♀ (FMNH); ONTARIO: Brighton, long, slender, white setae along anterior Malaise trap, 3-VIII-1956, ♂ (CNC); margin; postprontoum white tomentose, Grand Bend, 4-5-VII-1939, 3 ♂,4♀ covered with long, slender, white setae; (CNC); Long Point, 14-VII-1949, ♀ postpronotal lobe thinly white tomen- (EFCA); Outlet Beach, 18-VII-1965, 2 tose, covered with thin, pale, reclinate, ♀ (CNC); Presqu9ile, 22-VIII-1959, sex hairlike setae. Proepisternum fused to unknown (CNC); Sandbanks Provincial prosternum, densely white tomentose, Park, 8-VIII-1965, ♀ (CNC); 18-VII- covered with long, thin, pale, hairlike 1965, ♀ (CNC); VIII.1968, 2 ♂ (CNC); setae. Prosternum densely white tomen- 13-VIII-1968, ♂,3♀ (CNC); 7-VII- tose, lacking setae. Scutum black in 1970, 3 ♂,3♀ (CNC); ♂ (CUIC). ground color, sparsely white tomentose, covered with short, pale setae, with 1 strong, pale notopleural seta, 1 strong, Stichopogon californica Barnes, new species pale supra-alar seta, and 1 strong, pale postalar seta on white tomentose post- (Figs. 9–12) alar callus. Scutellum flat, white to- Description.—Male body, excluding mentose, with few white discal setae and antennae, 5.0–7.0 mm long (mean = 6.1 many relatively strong, pale marginal setae mm, n = 7); female 6.0–8.2 mm long at least as long as length of scutellum. (mean = 7.1 mm, n = 5); black in ground Mediotergite, anatergite, and katatergite color, sparsely tomentose. white tomentose; anatergite lacking setae; Head width 1.8X eye height. Face katatergite with fan of 10–14 long, slender, white tomentose. Mystax consisting of white setae. Mesopleural sclerites white VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 23 tomentose. Posterior portion of anepis- male (mean = 5.2 mm, n = 5). Membrane ternum covered with long, pale, reclinate hyaline. Cell m3 distinctly petiolate at base hairlike setae. Anterior basalare, posterior (Fig. 10). Halter golden brown. basalare, and basal swelling of pleural Abdominal tergites black in ground wing process densely white tomentose. color. Tergites 1 and 8 mostly sparsely Metepisternum and metepimeron white white tomentose. Abdominal tergites tomentose. 2–7 with white tomentose anterolateral Legs black in ground color, sparsely corners most pronounced on tergites 4–5 covered with white tomentum except for (Fig. 11). Subepandrial sclerite with dis- bare ventral patch on hind femur (Fig. 9), tal row of 3–4 short, stout spines on each with many short, thin, pale setae. Coxae side of midline ventrally. Female sternite with several long, slender, white setae; 8 with dense tufts of apical setae on each hind coxa with well-developed anterior side. spur. All trochanters mostly polished Discussion.—This species is known black; hind trochanter with median pale only from the vicinity of the Salinas River setae. Forefemur with 1–2 stout, pale, in coastal Monterey County, California preapical, anterodorsal bristles and sev- (Fig.12).ItissimilartoS. argenteus but eral long, thin, hairlike, pale, ventral differs from it by its sparser tomentum, setae. Midfemur with 2–3 stout, pale, darker halteres, and bare ventral patch on anterodorsal setae on apical third, 2–3 the hind femur. Adults fly in spring rather stout, pale posterodorsal bristles on api- than summer. cal third, and several long, thin, pale, Etymology.—The species epithet, ventral seta. Hind femur with 1–2 stout, californica, is taken from the name of pale, preapical, dorsal setae, anterodorsal the state where all specimens have been row of about 7–8 stout, pale setae, and collected. several long, thin, ventral setae. Foretibia Type material.—Holotype: The holo- with circlet of stout, pale preapical setae, type male is depostited in the INHS col- posterodorsal row of 5–6 long, pale setae, lection. It is labeled [CA, Monterrey (sic) and posteroventral row of 5–6 long, pale Co.\King City along E.\side Salinas River\ setae. Midtibia with circlet of stout, pale 17 April 1990\DW Webb\ME Irwin] preapical setae, anterodorsal and ante- [HOLOTYPE\DIPTERA: ASILIDAE\ roventral rows of 2–3 long, pale setae and Stichopogon californica\Barnes]. It mea- with posterodorsal and posterovental sures 6.3 mm long, and the wings are 4.4 rows of 4–5 long, pale setae. Hind tibia mm long. The antennomere:scape ratios with 2–3 stout, pale preapical setae, an- are 1.0:1.7:5.0:3.0. teroventral row of 2–3 stout, pale setae on Paratypes: UNITED STATES: apical half, and posterodorsal row of 3–5 CALIFORNIA: Monterey County, Salinas stout, pale setae. Fore- and midtarsi about River near Gonzalas, 25-IV-1976, 3 ♂,3♀ equal in length to fore- and midtibiae; (EFCA); King City, along east side Salinas hind tarsus shorter than hind tibia; tarso- River, 17-IV-1990, 4 ♂,2♀ (INHS). meres 1–4 decreasing in length consecu- tively; tarsomere 5 about equal in length Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken to tarsomere 1; tarsal bristles strong, pale. (Figs. 13–14) Claws brown at base, black at apex; pul- Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken 1887: 170 villi light brown. Wing 3.9–5.1 mm long in male (mean = Diagnosis.—Body dark brown in 4.4 mm, n = 7); 4.4–6.3 mm long in fe- ground color, with thin and scattered 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON gray tomentum; usually with some oc- Diptera (73%) or Hemiptera (11%) aver- cipital and scutal setae black Male body, aging 2.8 mm long. excluding antennae, 4.1–6.5 mm long Type material examined.—Two male (mean = 5.5 mm, n = 26); female 5.1–8.7 syntypes in the BMNH collection are mm long (mean = 6.8 mm, n = 22). Ocellar labeled [Stichopogon\catulus O. S.] [N. tubercle with long pale, hairlike setae, Sonora,\Mexico.\Morrison.] [CENT. about as long as, or longer than, distance AMERICA:\F. D. Godman &\O. Salvin] between ocelli. Average antennomere: [SYN-\TYPE]. One is labeled [#819306], scape ratios 1.0:1.3:3.6:1.7. Scutellum with and the other is labeled [#819307]. I dense, gray tomentum, lacking discal hereby designate specimen 819306 as setae, with many relatively strong, pale, lectotype for clarification and to ensure hairlike marginal setae at least as long stabilization in nomenclature. I have as length of scutellum. Wing 3.4–5.1 mm labeled it [LECTOTYYPE MALE\Diptera: long in male (mean = 4.3 mm, n = 26); Asilidae\Stichopogon catulus Osten Sacken\ 4.3–6.3 mm long in female (mean = 5.3 designated by J. K. Barnes]. I have labeled mm, n = 22). Cell m3 usually not petiolate the other specimen [PARALECTOTYPE\ at base. Abdominal tergites 1–7 dark Diptera: Asilidae\Stichopogon catulus brown, polished, with white tomentose Osten Sacken\designated by J. K. Barnes]. anterolateral corners most pronounced The lectotype is 10.5 m long and has on tergites 4–5 (Fig. 13). Female tergite wings 4.4 mm long. The antennomere: 8 opaque. Female sternite 8 lacking scape ratios are 1.0:1.5:3.8:1.8. dense tufts of apical setae. Epandrium Other material examined.—UNITED white tomentose. Subepandrial sclerite STATES: ARIZONA: Cochise County, with distal row of 2–3 short, stout spines 12 mi. SW Bisbee, 16-V-1961, 4 ♂,6♀ on each side of midline ventrally. (KSUC); Chiricahua Mountains, 4-VII- Discussion.—Stichopogon catulus 1940, 2 ♂, ♀ (SEMC); Chiricahua occurs in Arizona, New Mexico, south- Mountains, Camp Stewart, 19-VI-1965, western Texas and northwestern Mexico ♂ (EFCA); Chiricahua Mountains, Cave (Fig. 14). Adults have been collected Creek, 18-V-1961, 6 ♂,4♀ (KSUC); from early April to early August (early Chiricahua Mountains, Cave Creek, 7 mi. February in Sinaloa, Mexico). SW Portal, 24-IV-2002, ♀ (MTEC); Weeks and Hespenheide (1985) stud- Chiricahua Mountains, Cave Creek ied the predatory and mating behavior of Canyon, Sunny Flat, 31°53’N 109°10’W, S. catulus in Arizona. Feeding behavior 16–19-V-1980, 3 ♂ (EFCA); Chiricahua was most commonly observed in the Mountains, N fork Cave Creek, South- morning, and copulation was most fre- western Research Station, 9-VI-1961, quently observed in the afternoon. Adults 3 ♂, ♀ (EMUS); Chiracahua Mountains, were most commonly found away from S Fork, Cave Creek, 9-VI-1965, ♂, ♀ a stream in the study site during early and (EFCA); Huachuca Mountains, 27-IV- late hours of the day; they moved to rocks 1953, 8 ♂ (BYU, CNC); Huachuca in the stream during midday. No court- Mountains, Bear Canyon, 8-V-1953, 4 ship behavior was observed. Copulations ♂,4♀ (CUIC, EFCA, UAIC); Huachuca lasted as long as 16 minutes, and inter- Mountains, Sunnyside, 26-V-1973, ♂ ruptions were often attempted by another (UAIC); Portal, SW Res. Sta., 8-V-1967, male. Foraging jaunts usually took place ♂ (CNC); San Pedro River, E of Sierra in the air, but the flies occasionally took Vista, 15-VI-1966, 3 ♂,5♀ (UAIC); San prey on the water surface. Prey were other Pedro River, Hwy 90, 7.5 mi E of Sierra VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 25

Vista, 3-VI-1991, 16 ♂,7♀ (BYU); Ruby, 26-V-1962, ♂, ♀ (UCR); Ruby, 13- Southwestern Research Station, 5 mi. W VII-1940, ♀ (SEMC); Sycamore Canyon, Portal, 1-VI-1965, 2 ♀ (UCR). Coconino Ruby Road, 11–13-VI-1982, 13 ♂,4♀ County, Oak Creek Canyon, 27-VI-1957, (EMUS). Yavapi County, Prescott, 9-VI- 6 ♂,7♀ (UAIC); Hwy 89A, Oak Creek 1937, ♂ (SEMC); Prescott Nat. For., Big Canyon, West Fork Oak Creek, 3-VI- Bug Cr., 3 mi. W Poland Junction, 30-V- 2003, ♀ (BYU); 8 mi. N Sedona, 18-VII- 1970, ♂ (EFCA); junction north and 1957, ♂ (UAIC). Gila County, Carrizo, south forks of Santa Maria River, 19-VI-1961, ♀ (KSUC); Carrizo, Hwy 60 18-IV-1966, 5 ♂, ♀ (WFBM); 5 mi. N creek, 30-VI-1949, ♀ (CNC); Carrizo Wickenburg, 30-IV–18-V-1937, 7 ♂,13 Creek, 16-VI-1950, 9 ♂,21♀ (CNC, ♀ (UMMZ). SEMC); Gila River, 3 mi. SW Christmas, NEW MEXICO: Catron County, 4-VI-1962, ♂, ♀ (UAIC); Globe, April, ♀ 2-VIII-1935, ♀ (UMMZ); Pueblo Park (CUIC); Globe, 24-IV-1933, ♀ (UAIC); Campground, 16 air mi. S of Luna, Tonto Cr., 0.5 mi. S Kohl’s Ranch, 19-VI- Pueblo Creek & springs, 30-V-1993, 29 1965, 5 ♂,9♀ (EMEC). Mohave County, ♂,12♀ (BYU); Reserve, 25-VI-1968, 16 mi. N Wikieup, 1-IV-1950, 5 ♂,9♀ 5 ♂,16♀ (EFCA); 5 mi. NW Reserve, (EFCA, LACM). Pima County, Babo- 12:00:00 A.M., 6 ♂ (EFCA); San Francisco quivari Mountains, April, 5 ♂,4♀ R., 2 mi. S Reserve, 26-IV-2002, 5 ♂, ♀ (MCZ, OSAC, SEMC); Baboquivari (MTEC); Taylor Creek, below Wall Lake, Mountains, 28-IV-1935, ♀ (UAIC); Box Gila National Forest, 28-IV-1994, 3 ♂, Canyon, N of Greaterville, 29-IV-1964, 9 ♀ (CSUC). Don˜a Ana County, Las ♂ (CNC); Santa Catalina Mountains, Cruces, 30-IV-1948, ♂,2♀ (SEMC); Las Sabino Canyon, April, ♂ (MCZ); 16-V- Cruces, 25-IV-1954, 11 ♂,23♀ (SEMC); 1953, ♀ (CUIC); 5-IV-1955, ♂, ♀ near Las Cruces, V-1927, ♂, ♀ (CNC); (UAIC); 1–13-V-1956, 2 ♂ (UAIC); 12- Rio Grande at Mesilla Dam, 15-IV-1982, IV-1959, ♂, ♀ (UAIC); 11-V-1961, ♂ 3 ♂,2♀ (BYU, EFCA, OSEC); 21-IV- (UAIC); 1–13-V-1964, ♂,2♀ (UAIC); 1994, 7 ♂,9♀ (CSUC); Univ. Bosque, Santa Rita Mountains, Box Canyon, Rio Grande at I-10, 27-IV–8-V-1983, Basin Spring, Road 62, 12 mi. SE Con- 2 ♂,5♀ (BYU, CNC, WSU). Grant tinental, 4.VI.1991, 11 male, 8 female County, Gila National Forest, E. Fork (BYU); 1.5 mi. NE X-9 Ranch HQ, W. sl. Gila River, 29-VI-1991, 5 ♂,4♀ (CNC); Rincon Mts., 15-V-1964, 4 ♂,6♀ Silver City, 30-V-1933, ♂ (CUIC). (UAIC); Tucson, 3-V-1958, ♂ (UAIC). Hidalgo County, Guadalupe Canyon, Pinal County, Aravaipa Canyon, 21-V- 19–21-V-1980, ♂ (BYU). Rio Arriba 1953, 4 ♂,6♀ (CUIC, EFCA, UAIC); County, 14 mi. N Abiquiu, 12-V-1992, Aravaipa Creek, 27-V-1962, ♂, ♀ 2 ♂, ♀ (CSUC). Sierra County, N. Fork (PMNH); Superior, 6-IV-1938, ♀ (USNM). Palomas Cr, 1 mi. downstream of Forest Santa Cruz County, Patagonia, 21-V-1955, Rd. 157, 26–28-IV-1994, 2 ♂,5♀ ♀ (UAIC); 10 mi. N Patagonia, 5-V-1961, (CSUC). Socorro County, LaJoya Wildlife 11 ♂,6♀ (KSUC); 12 mi. SE Patagonia, Pres., 20 mi. N Socorro, 27–28-V-1974, 2 5-V-1961, ♀ (KSUC); Santa Rita Mountains, ♀ (CSUC). Madera Canyon, 3-VI-1961, 3 ♂,3♀ TEXAS: Presidio County, Shafter (KSUC); Madera Canyon, 12-V-1964, 2 near Old Silver Mine, 4-IV-1969, ♀ ♂ (UCR); Sonoita, Gardner Canyon, 1-V- (ESUW). 1967, 3 ♂,2♀ (CNC); Sycamore Canyon, MEXICO, CHIHUAHUA: Arroyo 23-V-1954, ♀ (UAIC); Sycamore Canyon, Fresa, 3 mi. above jct. R. Piedras Verdes, 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

22-VI-1987, 3 ♂, ♀ (BYU); 30 mi. NW Some specimens from Potter and Chihuahua, Majalca Road, 17-IV-1961, Montague counties, Texas, and Chaves 2 ♂ (CNC). County, New Mexico, have well de- SINALOA: 66 mi. N Mazatla´n, “Las veloped marginal scutellar bristles. Excondidas”, 22-IV-1968, 2 ♂ (UCR); Bromley (1934) described S. colei 21 mi. E Villa Union, 1-II-1964, 2 ♂ from specimens collected in central and (UCR); 54 mi. S Culiaca´n, 23-IV-1969, southern Texas. He distinguished it ♂, ♀ (UCR). from S. abdominalis by its silvery to- SONORA: 16 mi. NE Cd Obregon, mentose abdomen with each tergite 15-V-1961, 2 ♂, ♀ (CNC); 5 mi. W bearing a large, triangular, blackish Santa Ana, 13-IV-1968, 2 ♂, ♀ (EFCA). spot. He later (Bromley 1951) described S. pritchardi from specimens collected Stichopogon colei Bromley in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Colo- (Figs. 15–17) rado, and he distinguished it from S. abdominalis by the yellowish rather Stichopogon colei Bromley 1934: 90 than reddish tibiae and the white to- Stichopogon pritchardi Bromley 1951: 8. New synonymy mentose, anterolateral areas of the ab- dominal tergites that are broad rather Diagnosis.—Male body, excluding than narrow and even. antennae, 6.8–10.0 mm long (mean = 8.7 Bromley (1934, 1951) recognized that mm, n = 36); female 8.2–11.6 mm long both S. colei and S. pritchardi are related (mean = 9.8 mm, n = 28). Ocellar tuber- to S. abdominalis, but he did not com- cle lacking well developed setae. Average pare or contrast these two species. In antennomere:scape ratios 1.0:1.5:3.9:2.9. his key to North American species of Scutellum with dense gray tomentum, Stichopogon, Wilcox (1936) considered usually lacking well developed discal and S. colei to be a relatively large species marginal setae. Wing 5.3–7.8 mm long in (8–11 mm long) with triangular black male (mean = 6.6 mm, n = 36); 5.4–8.3 spots on abdominal segments 1–7 and mm long in female (mean = 6.9 mm, n = pruinosity throughout. He recognized it 28). Cell m3 usually at least short petio- only from Texas. He found S. abdominals late at base. Abdominal tergites yellowish to be a relatively small species (6–8 mm brown to reddish brow, with anterior and long) with a largely reddish abdomen and lateral margins of tergites 2–5 or 2–6 pruinosity only on the sides of abdominal bearing wide, uneven bands of white segments 1–4. He stated that this species tomentum widest at anterolateral mar- is widespread east of the Rocky Mountains. gins (Fig. 15). Female tergite 8 usually This study clearly shows S. abdominals to opaque, lacking dense tufts of apical be a distinctive species confined to Florida. setae. Epandrium white tomentose. Sub- I have studied a large number of epandrial sclerite with distal row of 5–6 specimens from the central United short, stout spines on each side of midline States, and aside from the occasional ventrally (Fig. 16). distinctive S. argenteus or S. fragilis,I Discussion.—The known range of recognize only a single species. Contrary S. colei extends from Nebraska and to Bromley’s (1934) description, no Wyoming south to Mississippi, Arkansas, specimens, including the S. colei holo- Texas and New Mexico (Fig. 17). Adults type, have “a large triangular blackish have been collected from early May gemma” on the abdominal tergites. Male through late September. genitalia and the subepandrial sclerites VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 27 of specimens from near the type locality Tex\9-29 1932] [PARATYPE\Stichopo- of S. colei are identical to those of gon\colei]. specimens from the type locality of S. Stichopogon pritchardi type material pritchardi. I have found no evidence examined.—The male holotype in the indicating that these specimens represent AMNH collection is labeled [Medora\ more than a single species. I conclude Kan.\9-vi-‘33] [HOLOTYPE\Stichopogon\ that S. pritchardi is a junior synonym of pritchardi\S.W.Bromley][Stichopogon\ S. colei. As with many other species of pritchardi\n. sp. 19\ Det. S. W. Bromley]. Asilidae, this species is color variable. It measures 8.5 mm long, and its wings Some specimens have dark brown ab- measure 6.1 mm long. The scape:anten- dominal tergites, while others are lighter nomere ratios are 1.0:1.5:4.0:3.5. reddish brown. There are four paratypes in the AMNH Most specimens lack well developed collection. One female is labeled [Medora\ scutellar setae, but these setae are pres- Kan.\9-vi-‘33] [ALLOTYPE\Stichopogon\ ent in a few specimens from the Pecos pritchardi\S.W.Bromley].Twofemales River, Chaves County, New Mexico, the are labeled [Roggen, Colo.\VII-24-46] Canadian River, Potter County, Texas [MTJames\collector] [PARATYPE\ and the Red River, Montague County, Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. Another Texas. female is labeled [Roggen, Colo.\July 8, Stichopogon colei type material ex- 1933\M. & H. James\Louise Ireland] [Det. amined.—A male holotype in the CAS by\M. James] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\ collection is labeled [Rio Grande Tex.\ pritchardi\Bromley]. Brewster Co.\May 9, 1927] [J. O. Martin\ There are four paratypes in the CSUC Collector] [HOLOTYPE\Stichopogon\ collection. A female is labeled [Roggen colei\Bromley] [California Academy\of Colo.\July 8, 1933\M. & H. James\Louise Sciences\Type No. 6327]. It is 8.0 mm Ireland] [Det. By\M. James] [PARATYPE\ long, and the wing is 6.5 mm long. The Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. A male scape and pedicel are present, but the and a female are labeled [Roggen, Colo.\ remainder of the antenna is missing. VIII-15-41] [Coll by\M. T. James] A female allotype in the CAS collec- [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\pritchardi\ tion bears the same data as the holotype. Bromley]. A male is labeled [Roggen, A male paratype in the CAS collection is Colo.\VII-24-46] [MTJames\collector] labeled [collector\H B Parks] [Bexar Co. [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\pritchardi\ Tex\9-17 1931] [PARATYPE\ Sticho- Bromley]. pogon\colei]. Two female paratypes in There are 14 paratypes in the USNM the TAMU collection are labeled collection. One female is labeled [Roggen, [Milano\8-30-33 TX] [PARATYPE\Sti- Colo.\VIII-31-38] [Collected by\M. T. chopogon\colei\Bromley] [2557]. One James] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\pritchardi\ of these specimens is also labeled Bromley]. Two males are labeled [Roggen, [Stichopgon\colei Bromley\Det.\S. W. Colo.\VIII-15-41] [Coll. By\M. T. James] Bromley 1933]. Two female paratypes in [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\pritchardi\ the USNM collection are labeled [Rio Bromley]. One male is labeled [Roggen, Grande Tex.\Brewster Co.\May 9, 1927] Colo.\VII-24-46] [MTJames\collector] [J. O. Martin\Collector] [PARATYPE\ [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\pritchardi\ Stichopogon\colei\Bromley]. A female Bromley]. Two males are labeled [Clark paratype in the USNM collection is la- Co. Ks.\June 1962 ft.] [PARATYPE\ beled [H B Parks\Collector] [Bexar Co. Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. One 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON male and a specimen lacking an abdomen COLORADO: Baca County, Rd. 18, (a presumed female based on Bromley’s 0.8 mi N of Rd. G, 12-VII-1991, 2 ♀ (1951) work) are labeled [Medora\Kan.\ (CSUC); Sand Canyon, 12–13-VII- 9.VI.’33] [PARATOPOTYPE\ Stichopogon\ 1991, 5 ♀ (CSUC); Sand Canyon, 13- pritchardi\S. W. Bromley]. A male and VII-1991, 2 ♂ (CSUC). Bent County, a female are labeled [Osage Co. Ok.\VII- 2.5 mi. S Caddoa, 3-VII-1990, ♂ (CSUC); 29-32\Col. A. E. Pritchard] [PARATYPE\ 2.5 mi S Caddoa, sand dunes along Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. Two Caddoa Creek, 11-VII-1991, ♀ (CSUC); males are labeled [Stillwater\VI,20,’23 John Martin Reservoir Campground, 17- Okla.] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\pritchardi\ VIII-1995, 2 ♀ (CSUC). Otero County, Bromley]. Two males are labeled [Hidalgo Purgatoire River, Rt. 109, 18-VI-1996, ♀ County\VIII-9 1933 Tex] [PARATYPE\ (CSUC). Phillips County, Holyoke, 26- Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. VII-1946, ♀ (CSUC). Prowers County, A male in the WSU collection and Lamar JC, 1-VII-1995, ♀ (CSUC); sand a male and female in the CSUC collec- dunes S of fairgrounds, US 287/385, tion are labeled [Roggen Colo.\VIII-15- Lamar, 12-VII-1991, ♀ (CSUC); Lamar 41] [Coll. by\M. T. James] [PARATYPE\ Community College, woods, 31-V-1998, Stichopogon\pritchardi\ Bromley]. The ♀ (CSUC). Weld County, Masters, labels on another male WSU paratype 43009, 25-VI-1939, 2 ♀ (INHS); Mas- bear the same data except for the date, ters, 43009, 9-VII-1939, ♀ (USNM); which is VIII-16-41, and the labels on Roggen, ♂ (MCZ); Roggen, 8-VII-1933, another male in the CSUC collection are ♂,3♀ (CUIC, FSCA, MCZ); Roggen, same except for the date, which is VII- 15–18-VIII-1941, ♂ (USNM); Rd. 386, 24-46. A female in the WSU collection N of Roggen, 8–18-VIII- 1989, ♂, ♀ is labeled [Roggen, Colo.\July 8, 1933\M. & (CSUC); 2 mi. N Roggen, 6-VII-1993, H. James\Louise Ireland] [PARATYPE\ 2 ♂,4♀ (CSUC); 3 mi. N Roggen, 21- Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. A female VIII-1990, ♀ (CSUC); 11 mi. N Roggen, paratype in the WSU collection is labeled jct Rd. 387 & Empire Intake Canal, [Roggen, Colo.\VIII-31-38][Collected by\ swale with willow in rolling dunes, ̕ M. T. James] [PARATYPE\Stichopogon\ Malaise, 40°16.505N 104°17.414̕W, pritchardi\Bromley]. A female in the 7–9-VII-1998, 6 ♂,8♀ (CSUC). Yuma CSUC collection bears the labels [Roggen County, Eckley, 30-VI-1925, ♀ (SEMC); Colo.\July 8, 1933\M. & H. James\Louise Wray, 26-VII-1946, ♂,2♀ (CSUC); Ireland] [Det. by\M. James] [PARATYPE\ Wray, Sandhiller Motel, 14-VII-1992, ♂, Stichopogon\pritchardi\Bromley]. ♀ (CSUC). Other material examined.—UNITED KANSAS: Clark County, 1962 ft., STATES: ARKANSAS: Desha County, June, 11 ♂,11♀, 1 sex unknown (SEMC, Choctaw Island WMA, boat ramp, 23- UAAM). Finney County, Garden City, VIII-2004, ♂ (UAAM). Little River 15–17-VI-1949, ♂,5♀ (EMEC, FSCA). County, weeds, 4-VII-1961, 3 ♂,2♀ Kiowa County, 17-VII-1958, ♀ (KSUC). (UAAM). Perry County, Toad Suck, Lyon County, Emporia, 18-VI-1941, ♂ 7-IX-2003, ♀ (UAAM); Toad Suck, 5-IX- (SEMC). Reno County, 2-VII-1946, ♀ 2004, ♀ (UAAM); Toad Suck Park, along (KSUC); Medora, sand dunes, 4-VII- sandy Arkansas River beach, 5-IX-2004, 1929, 4 ♂,3♀ (KSUC); Medora, sand ♀ (UAAM). Pope County, Holla Bend dunes, 4-VII-1930, ♂ (KSUC); Medora, NWR, NW side, sand shore, Arkansas sand dunes, 4-VII-1931, ♂, ♀ (KSUC); River beach, 8-VIII-2004, ♂ (UAAM). Medora, sand dunes, 21-VII-1931, ♂, ♀ VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 29

(KSUC); Medora, sand dunes, 7–8-VI- isolation pilot plant, 2-VI-1979, ♂ 1933, ♂,5♀, 1 sex unknown (KSUC, (TAMU); 32°22.2N 103°47.4’W, waste USNM); Medora, sand dunes, 3–4-VII, isolation pilot plant, Malaise trap, 21- 10 ♂,8♀, 1 sex unknown (FSCA, VII-1979, ♂ (TAMU); 32°23.6’N KSUC, USNM); Medora, sand hills, 103°46.1’W, waste isolation pilot plant, VI-1923, ♂, ♀ (SEMC); Medora, sand 13-VI-1979, ♂ (TAMU). Lea County, hills, 25-VI-1923, 9 ♂,5♀ (SEMC, waste isolation pilot plant, Malaise trap, UAAM); Medora, sand hills, 7-VII-1923, 14-VI-1979, ♀ (TAMU). Quay County, ♀ (SEMC); Medora, sand hills, 25-IX- Canadian R., Logan, 5-VIII-1970, ♀ 1923, ♀ (SEMC); Medora, sand hills, (MTEC); Canadian R., Logan, 5-VIII- 29-VI-1936, ♀ (USNM); Medora, 2-VII- 1970, ♂, ♀ (MTEC); 10.5 mi NE Logan, 1927, 3 ♂, ♀ (SEMC); Medora, 4-VII- sand hills, 38509, 8-VIII-1971, 6 ♂,4♀ 1930, ♂, ♀ (KSUC); Medora, 9-VI-1933, (EFCA). Roosevelt County, 14 mi. SW ♂, 1 sex unknown (USNM); Medora, Portales, 23-VI-1971, ♂ (UCR). Sandoval 24-VI-1936, 3 ♂, ♀ (UAAM, USNM). County, Zia Pueblo, Jemez River, 53509, Stafford County, salt marsh, 4-VII-1938, 5-VIII-1971, ♀ (EFCA). ♂ (KSUC). Sumner County, 1189 ft., 1916, OKLAHOMA: Alfalfa County, ♂ (UAAM). Wilson County, Neodesha, Cherokee, 4-VI-1937, 2 ♂, ♀ (OSEC, 5-VIII-1950, ♀ (SEMC). USNM). Beaver County, Beaver, 20-VI- MISSISSIPPI: Bolivar County, Great 1959, ♂, ♀ (OSEC); Beaver, 15-V-1960, River Road State Park, 22-VI-1993, ♀ ♀ (OSEC); Beaver, 18-VI-1960, ♀ (MEM). (OSEC); Beaver, 2-VII-1960, ♀ (OSEC). NEBRASKA: Arthur County, Araphaho Beckham County, Sayre, 8-VI-1937, ♂, Prairie, 17-VII-1986, ♀ (UNSM). Blaine 2 ♀ (OSEC); Sayre, 8-VII-1937, ♂ County, Halsey, old forest, epigeic level, (USNM). Bryan County, Lake Texoma, alcohol pitfall, 21-VII-1958, ♀ (ESUW). 15-VII-1954, ♂,4♀ (CNC, SEMC); Cherry County, Valentine, 23-VII-1968, Lake Texoma, 2 mi. E Willis, 1-VI-1965, 3 ♂,3♀ (EFCA). Custer County, Milburn, 2 ♂ (EFCA). Choctaw County, Hugo, 1-VIII-1970, ♀ (UNSM). Dawson County, 20-VI-1934, 3 ♂,4♀ (EMEC, USNM). Gothenburg, 31-VII-1950, ♂, ♀ (USNM). Cimarron County, Boise City, 30-VI- Garden County, 8 mi. NE Oshkosh, 1926, ♀ (UMMZ); 18.3 mi. W Boise 12-VIII-1955, ♂ (SEMC). Keith County, City, 10-VII-1986, ♂, ♀ (EFCA). Dewey Lake McConaughy, 13-VI-2000, ♂ County, Seiling, 2-VI-1939, 4 ♂,3♀,1 (CSUC). Morrill County, 5-VII-1958, sex unknown (EMEC, OSEC, USNM). ♂, 3 famle (KSUC). Sioux County, NE Garvin County, 26-VII-1932, 2 ♂ Hwy29betw.Harrison&Agate,mile (USNM); 9-VI-1934, ♂ (USNM). Grady marker 34, 24-VI-1991, ♀ (CSUC). County, Rush Springs, 12-VII-1931, ♂ Thomas County, Halsey, Nebraska Na- (KSUC). Harmon County, 7 mi. SW tional Forest, 4-VIII-1948, ♀ (FSCA). Hollis, 17-21-VI-1926, ♂,2♀, 1 sex NEW MEXICO: Chaves County, unknown (UMMZ). Jackson County, Pecos River near Roswell, 27-VIII-1962, 16-VI-1934, ♀ (USNM). Logan County, ♂,4♀ (CNC); 20 mi. NE Roswell, 5-V- banks of Cimarron River near Coyle, 1970, ♀ (UCR). Eddy County, waste 13-VIII-1959, ♀ (OSEC). Love County, isolation pilot plant, Malaise trap, 11– Red River at Hwy 35, 21-VIII-1986, ♂, ♀ 25-VI-1979, 3 ♀ (TAMU); 26 mi. E (EFCA). Marshall County, Lake Texoma, Carlsbad, Malaise trap, 4-VI-1977, ♂ 2 mi. E Willis, 1-VI-1965, 4 ♂,10♀ (TAMU); 32°19.7’N 103°46.9’W, waste (UCDC). McCurtain County, Millerton, 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

12–26-VI-1934, 2 ♀ (USNM); Millerton, County, 3 mi. E Devine, Co. Rd. 7711, 1-VIII-1934, ♂, ♀ (USNM). McIntosh 25-IV-1998, ♀ (BYU). Milam County, County, Eufaula, 26-VIII-1935, ♂ (OSEC). 18-V-1941, 2 ♂,2♀ (TAMU). Montague Okfuskee County, Okemah, 18-VII-1937, County, Red River, Highway 81, 2-VII- 3 ♂,2♀ (OSEC. USNM). Osage County, 2003, 2 ♂,3♀ (CSUC). Potter County, 29-VII–1-VIII-1932, ♂,2♀ (EFCA, Highway87/287atCanadianRiver,27- OSEC, USNM). Pawnee County, banks VI-1994, ♂, ♀ (CSUC). Reeves County, of Arkansas River near Cleveland, 12- Balmorhea State Park campground, VIII-1959, 2 ♀ (OSEC). Payne County, 2-VII-1999, ♀ (BYU). Ward County, Paradise Exp. Sta., 6-VIII-1959, ♀ (OSEC); Monahans Sandhills State Park, 2-VIII- Stillwater, 12-VII-1939, ♀ (INHS). Roger 1987, 2 ♂ (EMEC, UMMZ); Monahans Mills County, Sweetwater, 24-VII-1938, ♂ Sandhills State Park, 25009,29-VII- (OSEC). Sequoyah County, Sallisaw, 1995, 3 ♂,2♀ (BYU); Monahans 21-VI-1937, ♂, ♀, 1 sex unknown (OSEC, Sandhills State Park campground, 13-VI- USNM); Vian, Arkansas River, 7-VII- 1998, 2 ♀ (BYU); Monahans Sandhills 1954, ♀ (CNC). Tulsa County, Tulsa, State Park, 13–14-VI-1998, 13 ♂,17♀ 18-VII-1914, ♂ (CUIC). Woods County, (BYU); Monahans Sandhills State Park, Little Sahara, 12–26-VI-1934, 2 ♂,3♀ 1-VII1999, ♂ (BYU); Monahans Sandhills (WFBM); Little Sahara, 27-VI-1967, State Park, 825 m, 30-VI–2-VII-1999, 12 2 ♂, ♀ (EFCA); Waynoka, 17-VI-1962, ♂,21♀ (BYU); Sand Hills State Park, 3 ♂,6♀ (OSEC). Waynoka, 1-VI-1963, 6 mi. E Monahans, 16-V-1983, ♀ (INHS). 2 ♂,2♀ (EFCA). Wilbarger County, 17 mi. N Vernon, 2-VI- TEXAS: Bastrop County, Bastrop, 1979, 2 ♂ (SEMC). 24-VI-1959, ♀ (FSCA); McDade, 10-V- WYOMING: Platte County, Wheatland, 1954, 12 ♂,22♀, 1 sex unknown (FSCA, Laramie River, 7-VII-1974, ♀ (ESUW). SEMC, UAAM); McDade, 16-V-1954, 6 ♂, ♂,5♀ (EFCA, FSCA, SEMC). Stichopogon coquillettii (Bezzi) Bosque County, Brazos Point, 14-VI-1948, Neopogon coquillettii Bezzi 1910: 151 ♀ (INHS). Brewster County, Rio Grande, Stichopogon coquilletti: Wilcox 1936: 210 9-V-1927, 2 ♀ (USNM). Comanche County, Hasse, 9-IX-1958, ♀ (KSUC). Diagnosis.—Male body, excluding an- DeWitt County, 2 mi. NE Nordheim, tennae, 7.7–10.2 mm long (mean = 8.9 5-VIII-1963, ♀ (KSUC). El Paso County, mm, n = 12); female 7.5–11.4 mm long El Paso, 25-VII-1914, ♀ (CUIC); El (mean = 9.3 mm, n = 12). Frons and Paso, 1-VII-1921, ♀ (EMEC). Erath vertex densely white tomentose. Ocellar County, 5 mi. N Stephenville, Malaise tubercle with long posterior setae, about as trap, 16–30-V-1980, 6 ♂,6♀ (TAMU); long as distance between ocelli. Average 5 mi. N Stephenville, Malaise trap, 1–13- antennomere:scape ratios 1.0:1.4:4.6:3.4. VI-1980, 2 ♂,6♀ (TAMU). Hidalgo Scutellum with dense, grayish white to- County, Donna, 24-IX–15-X-1933, 3 ♂, mentum, lacking discal setae, with several 5 ♀ (TAMU). Kenedy County, 18 mi. relatively strong, pale marginal setae at S Sarita, 5-VI-1961, 2 ♂,2♀ (SEMC). least as long as length of scutellum. Wing Kleberg County, 2 mi. S Kingsville, 24- 5.6–7.7 mm long in male (mean = 6.8 VII-1962, ♂ (KSUC). Liberty County, mm, n = 12); 5.8–8.2 mm long in female Dayton, 22-VI-1917, 5 ♂,10♀ (MCZ); (mean = 6.9 mm, n = 12). Cell m3 usually Dayton, 29-VI-1917, ♀ (FSCA); Liberty, at least short petiolate at base. Abdominal 22-VI-1917, 4 ♂,6♀ (CUIC). Medina tergites 1, 4 and 8 entirely or mostly white VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 31 tomentose; tergite 7 white tomentose in mm, n = 20). Cell m3 not petiolate at base. female, opaque black or white tomentose Abdominal tergites entirely or mostly in male; tergites 2–3 mostly opaque white tomentose (Fig. 18). Female tergite black, with anterior, posterior and lat- 8 opaque. Female sternite 8 with dense eral margins white tomentose; tergites tufts of apical setae. Epandrium grayish 5–6 usually mostly opaque black, with white tomentose. Subepandrial sclerite anterior and lateral margins white tomen- with distal row of 3 short, stout spines on tose. Epandrium white tomentose. Sub- each side of midline ventrally. epandrial sclerite with distal row of 5–7 Discussion.—Stichopogon fragilis short, stout spines on each side of midline occurs from southern Idaho and south- ventrally. Phallus with well developed eastern Oregon south to Chihuahua and apicolateral projections and dense vesti- Baha California Sur (Fig. 19). Adults have ture of pale setae on apical third. Female been collected from early April through sternite 8 lacking dense tufts of apical early September. setae. The legs and abdominal tergites are Discussion.—Stichopogon coquilletti is often lighter than, and contrasting with, known only from seaside areas of Los the dark head and thorax, but in speci- Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties, mens from the northern half of the spe- California. Adults have been collected cies’ range (Oregon, Idaho and northern from mid-May through early October. California, Nevada, and Utah) the legs Barnes (2010) reviewed this species and abdominal tergites are just as dark as and mapped its distribution. It is not the head and thorax. necessary to repeat the relevant data here. Type material examined.—The holo- type female is in the ANSP collection. It is Stichopogon fragilis Back labeled [Alamogordo\IV.24.02 NM] (Figs. 18–19) [TYPE 6237\Stichopogon\FRAGILIS \Back]. It measures 3.9 mm long, and it Stichopogon fragilis Back 1909: 334 has wings 3.1 mm long. Diagnosis.—Body yellowish brown Other material examined.—UNITED to brown in ground color, densely cov- STATES: ARIZONA: Apache County, ered with gray or brownish gray tomen- Beaver Dam Wash, 30-VI-1949, ♀ (CNC). tum; head and thorax often darker than, Cochise County, 2 mi. NE Portal, 10-VI- and contrasting with, light yellowish 1963, ♂ (EFCA); Huachuca Mountains, brown legs and abdomen; all setae pale. Ramsey Canyon, 15 mi. S Sierra Vista, Male body, excluding antennae, 2.9–4.4 52009, 1–15-VII-1966, ♀ (CNC). Gila mm long (mean = 3.7 mm, n = 13); fe- County, Gila River, 3 mi. SW Christmas, male 3.7–5.6 mm long (mean = 4.6 mm, Malaise trap by Condalia, 5-V-1962, ♀ n = 20). Ocellar tubercle with long pale, (UAIC). Graham County, Gila River, hairlike setae, about as long as, or longer 31009, 19-VIII-1976, ♀ (UAIC). La Paz than, distance between ocelli. Average County, 16 mi. E Quartzsite, 17-IV-1966, antennomere:scape ratios 1.0:1.8:4.9:3.2. ♀ (WFBM). Maricopa County, Gila Scutellum with dense, gray tomentum, Bend, 10-IV-1990, ♀ (INHS); 18 mi. S lacking discal setae, with several relatively Gila Bend, 13-IV-1983, 3 ♂, ♀ (UCR); strong, pale marginal setae at least as long 20 mi. S Gila Bend, 10009, 13-IV-1961, ♂ as length of scutellum. Wing 2.2–3.2 mm (KSUC). Pinal County, April, 4 ♂, ♀ (MCZ, long in male (mean = 2.7 mm, n = 13); USNM); Florence Junction, 25-IV-1937, ♂ 2.6–3.9 mm long in female (mean = 3.3 (UAIC). 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

CALIFORNIA: Contra Costa County, NEVADA: Humboldt County, 9 mi. N Antioch, 8-VIII-1952, ♀ (CNC). Imperial Minnemucca, 8-VIII-1977, 2 ♂,2♀ County, Algodones Dunes, 3 km SW (WFBM). Mineral County, Teels Marsh Buttercup Campground, Malaise, 30.V–3. sand dunes, antifreeze pit trap, 16-VIII– VI.2008, ♀ (CSCA); 3 mi. N Glamis, 22-XI-1979, ♂ (EFCA). Malaise trap, 15–16-IX-1972, ♀ (CSCA); NEW MEXICO: Bernalillo County, 5 10.IX.1974, ♂, ♀ (CSCA). Inyo County, mi. S Albuquerque, 23-VI-1989, 2 ♂, ♀ Death Valley National Monument, Jct. (INHS). Dona Ana County, 3 mi. S Organ, Hwy 178 - Saratoga Spr. Rd., 22-IV-1980, 4-V-1984, ♂ (INHS). Hidalgo County, ♂ (EFCA); Eureka Valley, VI-1978, 2 ♂, Antelope Corral, 6 mi. N Rodeo, 2–4-VI- 2 ♀ (EFCA); Eureka Valley, antifreeze pit 1983, ♂, ♀ (EFCA). trap, VI-1978, ♀ (CSCA); 3 mi. N Lone OREGON: Harney County, 27-V-1979, Pine, antifreeze pit trap on sand dunes, ♂ (EFCA); 4-IX-1979, ♀ (EFCA); Avord 8.V.1980, ♀ (CSCA). Kern County, nr. Hwy Well, 19-VI-1979, ♂,2♀ (EFCA); Borax 99, 1.7 mi. S jct. Hwy 223, 22-VII-1998, Lake, N Fields, 42°19’46”N, 118°36’16”W, ♂, ♀ (UCR). Mono County, Mono Basin, 1293 m, 8-VIII-2005, 2 ♂,2♀ (TDCA). Sulfur Spr. Rd., 10 mi. S Hwy 167, dunes, TEXAS: Ward County, Monahans 30-VIII-1980, 2 ♂ (EFCA); NE end Sandhills State Park, 25009, 29-VII-1995, Mono Lake, sand dunes, 22.VIII.1976, ♀ 2 ♀ (BYU). Winkler County, County Road (CSCA). Riverside County, P. L. Boyd 409 E of Hwy 18, 18-VIII-1990, ♀ (BYU). Des. Res. Center, 3.5 mi S Palm Desert, UTAH: Garfield County, 6 mi. S Malaise trap, 19–21-VIII-1969, ♂ (UCR); Ticaboo, 6-VI-1984, ♀ (EMUS). Kane P. L. Boyd Des. Res. Center, 3.5 mi S Palm County, Dance Hall Rock, 14-VI-2005, ♀ Desert, Malaise trap, 15–23-V-1970, ♂ (BYU); Dry Fork near Spooky Canyon (UCR). San Bernardino County, 2 mi. NW off Hole in the Rock Rd., 13-VI-2000, ♂ Afton, 11-VII–9-X-1980, ♀ (CSCA); (BYU). Millard County, Delta, 4-VII, 2 ♀ Kelso Dunes, 19-V-82, ♂ (EFCA); 2 mi. N (BYU); 19 mi. N Meadow, sand dunes, Twentynine Palms, 23-X-1967, 3 ♂,3♀ 8-VI-1969, 3 ♂, ♀ (WFBM). Tooele (EFCA). Solano County, Sandy Beach County, SW end of Cedar Mts., 14-VI-1956, Park, I mi. S Rio Vista, 25-VI-1992, 3 ♂, ♂,2♀ (BYU); Dugway Prooving Ground, 2 ♀ (INHS). 6-VI-1956, 2 ♂,2♀ (BYU); The Knolls, IDAHO: Elmore County, 2 mi. NE I-80 ca. 60 mi. W Salt Lake City, 20-VII- Glens Ferry, 9-IX-1967, 3 ♀ (WFBM); 1989, ♀ (BYU); Little Granite Mt., 20-VI- Hammett, 18-VI-1967, ♀ (WFBM). 1956, sex unknown (BYU); Skull Valley, Fremont County, sand dunes, 28-VI-1977, 14-VI-1956, ♀ (BYU). Washington County, ♂ (WFBM); 5 mi. NW St. Anthony, 6-IX- 3 mi. W Santa Clara, 30-V-73, ♂ (EMUS). 1967, 2 ♂ (WFBM). Gooding County, MEXICO: BAJA CALIFORNIA Hagerman, 10-VII-1978, 2 ♂, ♀ (ESUW, NORTE: Calmallı´, 15–16-VI-1967, ♂,2♀ WFBM); 7.5 mi. SW Hagerman, 12-VI- (EFCA); 9 km N Guerrero Negro, sand 1970, 9 ♂,5♀ (WFBM). Lincoln County, dunes, 24-III-1980, 3 ♀ (EFCA); 44.5 mi. 7 mi. E Dietrich, 6-VII-1978, ♂ (ESUW); S Rosarito, 5-VII-1973, 13 ♂,6♀ (EFCA); 6 mi. E Dietrich, 20-VII-1979, ♀ (ESUW). Sierra Juarez, 3 mi. N La Huerta, 9-VI-70, Owyhee County, 4.5 mi. S Granview, 3 ♂,2♀ (EFCA). 10-VI-1970, ♂,2♀ (WFBM); Hot Spring, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: 23 km W 9-IX-1962, 2 ♂ (WFBM). Twin Falls La Paz, 24–27-IV-1975, 7 ♀ (EFCA). County, 5 mi. SW Hagerman, sand dunes, CHIHUAHUA: 30 mi. N Chihuahua, 10-VII-1978, ♂, ♀ (WFBM). 50009, 17-IV-1961, ♂ (CNC). VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 33

Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say) Discussion.—Stichopogon trifasciatus is a widespread species, occurring across Dasypogon trifasciatus Say 1823: 51 Canada, throughout most of the United Thereva plagiata Walker 1848: 223 (synonymy States and south to Mexico and Central by Osten Sacken 1878) America. In the United States, adults have Dasypogon gelascens Walker 1860: 277 been collected from mid-March through (synonymy by Williston 1886) late October. Stichopogon trifasciatus: Schiner 1866: 680 Barnes (2010) reviewed this species Neopogon snowii Bezzi 1910: 149 (synonymy and mapped its distribution. It is not by James 1934) necessary to repeat the relevant data here. Neopogon salinus Melander 1923: 216 (syn- Stichopogon trifasciatus is associated onymy by Barnes 2010) with open habitats and seems to have a dietary affinity for flies and spiders. Diagnosis.—Male body, excluding Bromley (1934) noted that this species antennae, 8.2–13.9 mm long (mean = 11.1 occurs on bare, sandy, or gravelly areas mm, n = 30); female 8.8–16.2 mm long and feeds to a considerable extent on (mean = 12.4 mm, n = 29). Frons and small spiders. Later he (Bromley 1946) vertex variable, usually densely white to- stated that it feeds on Diptera, Orthoptera mentose, often with brown orbital shad- and spiders. James (1938) found that bare ing, or frons and vertex almost completely areas in Colorado, such as exposed rock, brown tomentose. Ocellar tubercle with windblown areas, and streamsides, sup- short posterior setae, about as long as di- ported a limited robber fly fauna con- ameter of ocellus. Average antennomere: sisting of such characteristic species as scape ratios 1.0:1.5:4.5:2.8. Scutellum S. trifasciatus and S. argenteus. Adisoe- with dense, white tomentum, lacking dis- marto (1967) added “pastures and bare cal setae, with several short, pale setae at fields (including unpaved roads) near lateral margins, shorter than length of streams” to the list of habitats that may scutellum. Wing 6.0–10.4 mm long in harbor S. trifasciatus. Lavigne and = = male (mean 7.8 mm, n 30); 6.6–11.2 Holland (1969) found that S. trifasciatus = = mm long in female (mean 8.7 mm, n in Wyoming was found only near natural 29). Cell m3 often at least short petiolate drainages, suggesting that this species at base. Abdominal tergites 1, 4 and 8 needs a relatively moist habitat, perhaps entirely or mostly white tomentose; ter- for larval development. Individuals al- gites 2–3 mostly opaque dark brown or ways foraged from sand or objects on the black, with anterior, posterior and lateral sand. Foraging flight and contact oc- margins white tomentose; tergites 5–6 curred while prey were on the ground. usually mostly opaque dark brown or Diptera were 85% of observed prey and black, with anterior and lateral margins Hemiptera were 10%. Other prey in- white tomentose; tergite 7 white tomentose cluded Hymenoptera and spiders. Rogers in female, opaque black or sometimes and Lavigne (1972) found that at Pawnee white tomentose in male. Epandrium white National Grasslands in northeastern tomentose. Subepandrial sclerite with dis- Colorado, adults always foraged from tal row of 5–6 short, stout spines on each sand or objects located on sand. For- side of midline ventrally. Phallus lacking aging flights were short, swift and di- apicolateral projections and dense vestiture rected only at small insects crawling on of pale setae on apical third. Female ster- the ground. Prey items were manipulated nite 8 lacking dense tufts of apical setae. during a short hover above the feeding 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON site, and when finished the prey was ACKNOWLEDGMENTS pushed off the proboscis on site. Weeks I am grateful to the following indivi- and Hespenheide (1985) observed that duals for loans of specimens: Donald in this species, courtship behavior may Arnold (OSEC), Cheryl Barr (EMEC), or may not be displayed preceding at- Victoria Bayless (LSAM), Robert Blinn tempted copulations. (NCSU), James Boone (FMNH), Mark O’Brien (UMMZ), Brian Brown (LACM), Stichopogon venturiensis Shawn Clark (BYU), Torsten Dikow Barnes (TDCA), Carol von Dohlen (EMUS), Stichopogon venturiensis Barnes 2010: 369 Stephen Gaimari (CSCA), Zachary Falin (SEMC), Eric Fisher (EFCA), Creighton Diagnosis.—Male body, excluding Freeman (OSU), James O’Hara (CNC), antennae, 6.6–9.7 mm long (mean = 8.4 Steven Heydon (UCDC), Richard Hoebeke mm, n = 15); female 7.0–12.4 mm long (CUIC), Boris Kondratieff (CSUC), (mean = 9.9 mm, n = 27). Ocellar tuber- Christopher Marshall (OSAC), Erica cle with long, thin, pale, hairlike posterior McAlister (BMNH), Frank Merickel setae, about as long as distance between (WFBM), Tam Nguyen (AMNH), Carl ocelli. Average antennomere:scape ratios Olson (UAIC), Philip Perkins (MCZ), 1.0:1.4:4.3:3.3. Scutellum shining black Raymond Pupedis (PMNH), Brett Ratcliffe with sparse, white tomentum, lacking (UNSM), Edward Riley (TAMU), Justin discal setae, with 10–12 relatively strong, Runyon (MTEC), Terence Schiefer pale marginal setae at least as long as (MEM), Peter Sehnal (NMW), Scott length of scutellum. Wing 5.3–7.3 mm Shaw (ESUW), Victor Smith (CAS), long in male (mean = 6.3 mm, n = 15); Gary Steck (FSCA), Paul Tinerella 5.4–9.4 mm long in female (mean = 7.1 (INHS), F. Christian Thompson (USNM), mm, n = 27). Cell m3 usually not petiolate Michael Wall (SDMC), Jason Weintraub at base. Abdominal tergites 1, 4 and 8 (ANSP), Douglas Yanega (UCR) and entirely or mostly white tomentose; ter- Gregory Zolnerowich (KSUC). gites 2–3 and 5–7 entirely or mostly Literature Cited polished black. Female tergite 8 opaque. Female sternite 8 lacking dense tufts of Adisoemarto, S. 1967. The Asilidae (Diptera) apical setae. Epandrium white tomentose. of Alberta. Quaestiones entomoligcae 3: Subepandrial sclerite with distal row of 3–90. Andrade, R. 2011. Collembola and Acariformes 7–8 short, stout spines on each side of recorded for the first time as prey of Asilidae midline ventrally. Phallus with well de- (Diptera: Brachycera). Boletin del la Socie- veloped apicolateral projections, lacking dad Entomolo´gica Aragonesa 49: 196. dense vestiture of pale setae on apical Back, E. A. 1909. The robber-flies of America north of Mexico, belonging to the subfamilies third. Female sternite 8 lacking dense Leptogastrinae and . Trans- tufts of apical setae. actions of the American Entomological Soci- Discussion.—Stichopogon venturiensis ety 35: 137–400. is known only from seaside areas of Santa Barnes, J. K. 2010. Revision of Nearctic Sticho- Barbara, Ventura and Los Angeles counties, pogon species (Diptera: Asilidae) with white- California. banded abdomens, including description of Stichopogon venturiensis, new species, from Barnes (2010) reviewed this species coastal California. Proceedings of the Ento- and mapped its distribution. It is not mological Society of Washington 112(3): necessary to repeat the relevant data here. 367–380. doi:10.4289/0013-8797.112.3.367 VOLUME 115, NUMBER 1 35

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