Managing Infrastructure with Puppet
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ROADS and BRIDGES: the UNSEEN LABOR BEHIND OUR DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE Preface
Roads and Bridges:The Unseen Labor Behind Our Digital Infrastructure WRITTEN BY Nadia Eghbal 2 Open up your phone. Your social media, your news, your medical records, your bank: they are all using free and public code. Contents 3 Table of Contents 4 Preface 58 Challenges Facing Digital Infrastructure 5 Foreword 59 Open source’s complicated relationship with money 8 Executive Summary 66 Why digital infrastructure support 11 Introduction problems are accelerating 77 The hidden costs of ignoring infrastructure 18 History and Background of Digital Infrastructure 89 Sustaining Digital Infrastructure 19 How software gets built 90 Business models for digital infrastructure 23 How not charging for software transformed society 97 Finding a sponsor or donor for an infrastructure project 29 A brief history of free and public software and the people who made it 106 Why is it so hard to fund these projects? 109 Institutional efforts to support digital infrastructure 37 How The Current System Works 38 What is digital infrastructure, and how 124 Opportunities Ahead does it get built? 125 Developing effective support strategies 46 How are digital infrastructure projects managed and supported? 127 Priming the landscape 136 The crossroads we face 53 Why do people keep contributing to these projects, when they’re not getting paid for it? 139 Appendix 140 Glossary 142 Acknowledgements ROADS AND BRIDGES: THE UNSEEN LABOR BEHIND OUR DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE Preface Our modern society—everything from hospitals to stock markets to newspapers to social media—runs on software. But take a closer look, and you’ll find that the tools we use to build software are buckling under demand. -
Automating Configuration N49(PDF)
Automating Network Configuration Brent Chapman Netomata, Inc. [email protected] www.netomata.com NANOG 49 — 13 June 2010 Copyright © 2010, Netomata, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Introduction Who I am What I'm here to talk about 2 Copyright © 2010, Netomata, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Why automate network configuration? Because automated networks are More reliable Easier to maintain Easier to scale 3 Copyright © 2010, Netomata, Inc. All Rights Reserved. For example... Imagine you're managing a moderately complex web site Multiple real and virtual hosts Several "environments" (production, testing, development, etc.) Separate VLAN for each environment 4 Copyright © 2010, Netomata, Inc. All Rights Reserved. For example... What networking devices & services need to be managed? Routers Switches Load Balancers Firewalls Real-time status monitoring (i.e., Nagios) Long-term usage monitoring (i.e., MRTG) 5 Copyright © 2010, Netomata, Inc. All Rights Reserved. For example... How to add new virtual host to existing load balancer pool? Set up host itself, using Puppet or cfengine or whatever Add host to VLAN defs on switches Add host to ACLs on routers Add host to pool on load balancers Add host to NAT and ACLs on firewalls Add host to real-time monitoring (i.e., Nagios) Add host to usage monitoring (i.e., MRTG) 6 Copyright © 2010, Netomata, Inc. All Rights Reserved. For example... What's the problem with doing all that by hand? You have to remember how to manage all those very different devices (and you probably don't do it very often) It takes a lot of time Every step is a chance to make a mistake You might get distracted, and never finish Over time, these small mistakes add up, leading to inconsistent networks that are unreliable and difficult to troubleshoot 7 Copyright © 2010, Netomata, Inc. -
Puppet Dashboard 1.2 Manual
Puppet Dashboard Manual (Generated on July 01, 2013, from git revision 46784ac1656bd7b57fcfb51d0865ec7ff65533d9) Puppet Dashboard 1.2 Manual This is the manual for Puppet Dashboard 1.2. Overview Puppet Dashboard is a web interface for Puppet. It can view and analyze Puppet reports, assign Puppet classes and parameters to nodes, and view inventory data and backed-up file contents. Chapters Installing Dashboard Upgrading Dashboard Configuring Dashboard Maintaining Dashboard Using Dashboard Rake API Installing Puppet Dashboard This is a chapter of the Puppet Dashboard 1.2 manual. NAVIGATION Installing Dashboard Upgrading Dashboard Configuring Dashboard Maintaining Dashboard Using Dashboard Rake API Overview Puppet Dashboard is a Ruby on Rails web app that interfaces with Puppet. It will run on most modern Unix-like OSes (including Mac OS X and most Linux distributions), requires a certain amount of supporting infrastructure, and can be deployed and served in a variety of ways. Dashboardʼs web interface supports the following browsers: Chrome (current versions) Firefox 3.5 and higher Puppet Dashboard Manual • Puppet Dashboard 1.2 Manual 2/27 Safari 4 and higher Internet Explorer 8 and higher Installing, in Summary In outline, the steps to get Dashboard running are: Installing the external dependencies Installing the Dashboard code Configuring Dashboard Creating and configuring a MySQL database Testing that Dashboard is working Configuring Puppet Starting the delayed job worker processes Running Dashboard in a production-quality server After completing these tasks, Dashboardʼs main functionality will be on-line and working smoothly. You can then configure Dashboard further and enable optional features If you are trying to upgrade Puppet Dashboard instead of installing it from scratch, see the chapter of this manual on upgrading instead of reading further in this chapter. -
Third-Party Software for Engage Products APPLICATIONS Red Hat
Third-Party Software for Engage Products APPLICATIONS Red Hat Enterprise Linux General Information Source Code Status Not modified by Vocera URL https://www.redhat.com/en/about/licenses-us Supplemental END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (November 2010) License Text RED HAT® ENTERPRISE LINUX® AND RED HAT APPLICATIONS PLEASE READ THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT CAREFULLY BEFORE USING SOFTWARE FROM RED HAT. BY USING RED HAT SOFTWARE, YOU SIGNIFY YOUR ASSENT TO AND ACCEPTANCE OF THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT AND ACKNOWLEDGE YOU HAVE READ AND UNDERSTAND THE TERMS. AN INDIVIDUAL ACTING ON BEHALF OF AN ENTITY REPRESENTS THAT HE OR SHE HAS THE AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT ON BEHALF OF THAT ENTITY. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, THEN YOU MUST NOT USE THE RED HAT SOFTWARE. THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT DOES NOT PROVIDE ANY RIGHTS TO RED HAT SERVICES SUCH AS SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE, UPGRADES OR SUPPORT. PLEASE REVIEW YOUR SERVICE OR SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT(S) THAT YOU MAY HAVE WITH RED HAT OR OTHER AUTHORIZED RED HAT SERVICE PROVIDERS REGARDING SERVICES AND ASSOCIATED PAYMENTS. This end user license agreement (“EULA”) governs the use of any of the versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, certain other Red Hat software applications that include or refer to this license, and any related updates, source code, appearance, structure and organization (the “Programs”), regardless of the delivery mechanism. 1. License Grant. Subject to the following terms, Red Hat, Inc. (“Red Hat”) grants to you a perpetual, worldwide license to the Programs (most of which include multiple software components) pursuant to the GNU General Public License v.2. -
Puppet Offers a Free, Reliable and Cross Flavor Option for Remote Enterprise Computer Management
This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0802551 Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation C4L8S1 System administrators are constantly challenged when managing large enterprise systems using Linux-based operating systems. Administrators need to know a variety of command line differentiations, dependency variations, and support options to support the various computers systems in use. Puppet offers a free, reliable and cross flavor option for remote enterprise computer management. This lesson will introduce you to the Puppet AdministrativeU the tool and provide you with a basic overview on how to use Puppet. Lab activities will provide you with hands-on experience with the Puppet application and assignments and discussion activities will increase your learning on this subject. Understanding Puppet is important because of its ability to manage enterprise systems. Students hoping to become Linux Administrators must gain mastery of enterprise management tools like Puppet to improve efficiency and productivity. C4L8S2 You should know what will be expected of you when you complete this lesson. These expectations are presented as objectives. Objectives are short statements of expectations that tell you what you must be able to do, perform, learn, or adjust after reviewing the lesson. Lesson Objective: U the Given five computers that need to be configured, -
Build Tools & Package Manager
Module Checklist Build Tools & Package Manager By Techworld with Nana Video Overview ★ Introduction to Build and Package Manager Tools ★ Install Build Tools ★ Windows Installation Help - Part 1 ★ Windows Installation Help - Part 2 ★ MacOS/Unix Installation Help ★ Build Artifact ★ Build Tools for Development (Managing Dependencies) ★ Run/Start the application ★ Build JavaScript applications ★ Other Programming Languages ★ Publish Artifact ★ Build Tools & Docker ★ Build Tools & DevOps Demo Infos Java Gradle Project https://gitlab.com/nanuchi/java-app Java Maven Project https://gitlab.com/nanuchi/java-maven-app React-Node Project https://github.com/bbachi/react-nodejs-example Check your progress... 1/3 Introduction to Build & Package Manager Tools ❏ Watched video Install Build Tools ❏ Watched video ❏ Go to Windows or MacOS/Unix Installation Help Useful Links: ● Maven: https://maven.apache.org/install.html ● Node.js: https://nodejs.org/en/download/ - npm is distributed with Node.js Windows Installation Help - Part 1 + 2 ❏ Watched video ❏ Installed everything Useful Links: ● Java on Windows: https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/howto/JDK_Howto.html MacOS/Unix Installation Help ❏ Watched video ❏ Installed everything Useful Links: ● Homebrew Package Manager: https://brew.sh/ ● Java on Mac/Linux: Install using your OS package manager (e.g. brew) ● Symbolic Link Cmd I use in the demo: https://mkyong.com/java/how-to-install-java-on-mac-osx/ Check your progress… 2/3 Build Artifact ❏ Watched video ❏ Demo executed ❏ Built Java Gradle Project ❏ Built Java Maven Project Build Tools for Development ❏ Watched video ❏ Demo executed - add a new dependency to project Run the application ❏ Watched video ❏ Demo executed Build JavaScript applications ❏ Watched video ❏ Demo executed Other Programming Languages ❏ Watched video Publish artifact ❏ Watched video Check your progress… 3/3 Build Tools & Docker ❏ Watched video Build Tools & DevOps ❏ Watched video More Resources.. -
Configuration File Manipulation with Configuration Management Tools
Configuration File Manipulation with Configuration Management Tools Student Paper for 185.307 Seminar aus Programmiersprachen, SS2016 Bernhard Denner, 0626746 Email: [email protected] Abstract—Manipulating and defining content of configuration popular CM-Tool in these days and offers a huge variety of files is one of the central tasks of configuration management configuration manipulation methods. But we will also take a tools. This is important to ensure a desired and correct behavior look at other CM-Tools to explore their view of configuration of computer systems. However, often considered very simple, this file handling. task can turn out to be very challenging. Configuration manage- ment tools provide different strategies for content manipulation In Section II an introduction will be given about CM- of files, hence an administrator should think twice to choose the Tools, examining which ones are established in the community best strategy for a specific task. This paper will explore different and how they work. Before we dive into file manipulation approaches of automatic configuration file manipulation with the strategies, Section III will give some introduction in configu- help of configuration management tools. We will take a close look at the configuration management tool Puppet, as is offers various ration stores. Section IV will describe different configuration different approaches to tackle content manipulation. We will also manipulation strategies of Puppet, whereas Section V will explore similarities and differences of approaches by comparing look at approaches of other CM-Tools. Section VI will show it with other configuration management tools. This should aid some scientific papers about CM-Tools. -
Confex: a Framework for Automating Text-Based Software Configuration
1 ConfEx: A Framework for Automating Text-based Software Configuration Analysis in the Cloud Ozan Tuncer, Anthony Byrne, Nilton Bila, Sastry Duri, Canturk Isci, and Ayse K. Coskun Abstract—Modern cloud services have complex architectures, often comprising many software components, and depend on hundreds of configurations parameters to function correctly, securely, and with high performance. Due to the prevalence of open-source software, developers can easily deploy services using third-party software without mastering the configurations of that software. As a result, configuration errors (i.e., misconfigurations) are among the leading causes of service disruptions and outages. While existing cloud automation tools ease the process of service deployment and management, support for detecting misconfigurations in the cloud has not been addressed thoroughly, likely due to the lack of frameworks suitable for consistent parsing of unstandardized configuration files. This paper introduces ConfEx, a framework that enables discovery and extraction of text-based software configurations in the cloud. ConfEx uses a novel vocabulary-based technique to identify configuration files in cloud system instances with unlabeled content. To extract the information in these files, ConfEx leverages existing configuration parsers and post-processes the extracted data for analysis. We show that ConfEx achieves over 99% precision and 100% recall in identifying configuration files on 7805 popular Docker Hub images. Using two applied examples, we demonstrate that ConfEx also enables detecting misconfigurations in the cloud via existing tools that are designed for configurations represented as key-value pairs, revealing 184 errors in public Docker Hub images. Index Terms—Software configuration, cloud, misconfiguration diagnosis. F 1 INTRODUCTION LOUD applications are designed in a highly config- Existing failure avoidance and mitigation mechanisms in C urable way to ensure high levels of reusability and the cloud (e.g., redundancy or recovery) are insufficient to portability. -
Rubabel: Wrapping Open Babel with Ruby Rob Smith1*, Ryan Williamson1, Dan Ventura1 and John T Prince2*
Smith et al. Journal of Cheminformatics 2013, 5:35 http://www.jcheminf.com/content/5/1/35 SOFTWARE Open Access Rubabel: wrapping open Babel with Ruby Rob Smith1*, Ryan Williamson1, Dan Ventura1 and John T Prince2* Abstract Background: The number and diversity of wrappers for chemoinformatic toolkits suggests the diverse needs of the chemoinformatic community. While existing chemoinformatics libraries provide a broad range of utilities, many chemoinformaticians find compiled language libraries intimidating, time-consuming, arcane, and verbose. Although high-level language wrappers have been implemented, more can be done to leverage the intuitiveness of object-orientation, the paradigms of high-level languages, and the extensibility of languages such as Ruby. We introduce Rubabel, an intuitive, object-oriented suite of functionality that substantially increases the accessibily of the tools in the Open Babel chemoinformatics library. Results: Rubabel requires fewer lines of code than any other actively developed wrapper, providing better object organization and navigation, and more intuitive object behavior than extant solutions. Moreover, Rubabel provides a convenient interface to the many extensions currently available in Ruby, greatly streamlining otherwise onerous tasks such as creating web applications that serve up Rubabel functionality. Conclusions: Rubabel is powerful, intuitive, concise, freely available, cross-platform, and easy to install. We expect it to be a platform of choice for new users, Ruby users, and some users of current solutions. Keywords: Chemoinformatics, Open Babel, Ruby Background tasks. Though it allows the user to access the functionality Despite the fact that chemoinformatics tools have been of the component libraries from one Python script, Cin- developed since the late 1990s [1], the field has yet to fony does not automatically manage underlying data types rally in support of a single library. -
Symbols & Numbers A
ruby_02.book Page 267 Thursday, May 10, 2007 4:12 PM INDEX Symbols & Numbers \ (backslash), in regular expression, for literal characters, 144 %Q for instantiating Strings, 23, \W, in regular expression, for 108–109, 215–216, 219, 239, whitespace, 66 245, 248–250 { } (braces) %w for instantiating Arrays, 47, for blocks, 28 113, 115 for declaring Hash, 42 & (ampersand), for expressing blocks {x}, in regular expression, 79 and Procs, 105–106 - method (Hash), 93 ! (exclamation point), for destructive ||= operator, 77–78, 127 methods, 20, 22–23 | (pipe) character, in regular || (or) operator, 17 expression, 56 # character + method of Integers and Strings, 3–4 for comments, 14 + (plus sign), in regular for instance method, 234 expression, 62 #{} for wrapping expression to be = (equal sign), for assigning value to interpolated, 23 variable, 9 #! (shebang), 47 == operator, for equality testing, 14 $ (dollar sign), for bash prompt, 19 =begin rdoc, 22 * (asterisk), in irb prompt, 8 =end, 22 ** (asterisk doubled), for “to the <=> method (Comparable), 145, power of,” 72 150–151 /\d+/ in regular expression, for digits <% and %> tags, 211 only, 79 <%= tag, for printing expression, 214 :needs_data Symbol key, 116 99bottles.rb script, 20–25 :nitems Symbol key, 116 :unless0th Symbol key, 116 ? (question mark) A in predicate method names, 22 actionpack, warnings related to, 226 in regular expression, for optional Active Record, Rails dependence expressions, 144 on, 227 @ sign, for instance variable, 21–22 Agile Web Development with Rails @@ sign, for class -
Tsuru Documentation Release 1.6.2
tsuru Documentation Release 1.6.2 tsuru Oct 04, 2018 Contents 1 Understanding 3 1.1 Overview.................................................3 1.2 Concepts.................................................4 1.3 Architecture...............................................5 2 Installing 7 2.1 tsuru Installer...............................................7 2.2 Installing tsuru components....................................... 12 3 Managing 21 3.1 Installing platforms............................................ 21 3.2 Creating a platform............................................ 22 3.3 Using Pools................................................ 23 3.4 Provisioners............................................... 25 3.5 Clusters.................................................. 26 3.6 Segregate Scheduler........................................... 27 3.7 Upgrading Docker............................................ 27 3.8 Managing Git repositories and SSH keys................................ 28 3.9 Managing users and permissions..................................... 28 3.10 Managing Application Logs....................................... 32 3.11 Debugging and Troubleshooting..................................... 33 3.12 Volumes................................................. 34 3.13 Event webhooks............................................. 35 4 Using 39 4.1 Installing tsuru client........................................... 39 4.2 Deploying................................................ 40 4.3 App-Deploy.............................................. -
Bidirectional Programming Languages
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations Winter 2009 Bidirectional Programming Languages John Nathan Foster University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Databases and Information Systems Commons, and the Programming Languages and Compilers Commons Recommended Citation Foster, John Nathan, "Bidirectional Programming Languages" (2009). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 56. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/56 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/56 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bidirectional Programming Languages Abstract The need to edit source data through a view arises in a host of applications across many different areas of computing. Unfortunately, few existing systems provide support for updatable views. In practice, when they are needed, updatable views are usually implemented using two separate programs: one that computes the view from the source and another that handles updates. This rudimentary design is tedious for programmers, difficult to reason about, and a nightmare to maintain. This dissertation presents bidirectional programming languages, which provide an elegant and effective mechanism for describing updatable views. Unlike programs written in an ordinary language, which only work in one direction, programs in a bidirectional language can be run both forwards and backwards: from left to right, they describe functions that map sources to views, and from right to left, they describe functions that map updated views back to updated sources. Besides eliminating redundancy, these languages can be designed to ensure correctness, guaranteeing by construction that the two functions work well together. Starting from the foundations, we define a general semantic space of well-behaved bidirectional transformations called lenses.