Summer 2017 Volume 13 Number 1
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The Role of Viruses in the Cancerogenesis
© 2014 by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) licencse. Published by Poznan University of Medical Sciences REVIEW PAPER DOI: https://doi.org/10.20883/medical.e60 The role of viruses in the cancerogenesis Michał Chojnicki1, Mariola Pawlaczyk2, Celina Helak-Łapaj3, Jakub Żurawski1, Krzysztof Wiktorowicz1 1 Deptartment of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland 2 Deptartment of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland 3 Deptartment of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Chair of Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland ABStrACt It is estimated that seven key viruses such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human t-lymphotropic virus (HtLV), Human papilloma viruses (HPV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes-virus (KSHV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), are responsible for about 11% of cancers all over the world. Viruses however are not only associated with cancerogenesis process. Scientific researches from recent years emphasize the possible use of the microorganisms as antitumor therapy. Oncoviruses, also defined as tumor viruses cause cancers whereas oncolytic viruses infect the host’s cancer cells leading to destruction of tumor and due to that they are described as cancer killing viruses. It offers the potential application of viral infections to the cancer therapy. Key words: cancers, cancerogensis, viruses. Early days na, held in 1824 in Verona, was the first documented A number of findings published within the past few suggestion of viral origins of the cancer. In his medical years have confirmed pathogens’ involvement in the practice, rigoni-Sterna learned that endometrial cancer aetiology of a significant share of human malignant was significantly more common in married women than cancers. -
Oncogenic Viruses: a Potential CRISPR Treatment
Oncogenic Viruses: A Potential CRISPR Treatment Neha Matai ∗ February 26, 2021 Abstract Oncogenic viruses promote carcinoma development by establishing long-term latent infections, obstructing tumor suppressor pathways, and transforming host cells into unchecked, proliferating malignancies. Epstein- Barr Virus, the first oncogenic virus to be discovered, can promote lym- phomagenesis in T cells, NK cells, and most commonly, resting memory B cells through the expression of oncoprotein LMP-1 and other proteins which may aid in B cell transformation. Human Papillomavirus is a com- mon infectious agent found in epithelial cells and has been shown to pro- mote malignant transformation in host cells through the overexpression of oncoproteins E6 and E7. Hepatitis C Virus, whose life cycle is not fully known yet, can also lead to carcinoma development in hepatocytes, and HCV oncoproteins NS3, NS4A, and NS5B have been associated with onco- genic roles. A novel genetic approach involving a CRISPR/Cas treatment designed to dysregulate these viral oncogenes can be used to combat these infections and their resulting carcinomas. While the long-term effects of CRISPR treatments are still being researched, this gene therapy offers a robust selection of potential treatments regarding long term diseases such as oncogenic viral infections. 1 Introduction The human population is prone to cancer through a wide variety of variables; in fact, 20% of which are caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.1 Oncogenic viruses alone are responsible for 12% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide. More specifically, 80% of viral cancer cases occur in the developing world today.2 The first oncovirus was discovered in 1964 when researchers located the Epstein-Barr Virus in Burkitt’s Lymphoma cells using electron microscopy.3 Since this turning point in viral oncology, six more viruses have been confirmed to cause oncogenesis. -
International Conference on Malignancies in HIV/AIDS
th International Conference on 17 Malignancies in HIV/AIDS October 21-22, 2019 NIH Campus Bethesda, Maryland O˜ce of HIV and AIDS Malignancy | National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services PROGRAM Day 1: October 21 8:00 a.m. – 8:15 a.m. Day 1 Poster Setup Highlighted Posters (1-8) will stay up for the entire meeting. 8:15 a.m. – 8:20 a.m. Welcome and Introduction Robert Yarchoan, M.D. Director Office of HIV and AIDS Malignancy National Cancer Institute, NIH 8:20 a.m. – 8:30 a.m. Opening Remarks Douglas R. Lowy, M.D. Acting Director National Cancer Institute, NIH 8:30 a.m. – 8:35 a.m. Presentation of NCI Director’s Career Achievement Award to Drs. Patrick S. Moore and Yuan Chang 8:35 a.m. – 9:00 a.m. Plenary 1: 25 Years of KSHV Research Patrick S. Moore, M.D., M.P.H. University of Pittsburgh 9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Session 1: Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Moderators: Paul M. Lieberman, Ph.D. The Wistar Institute Thomas S. Uldrick, M.D., M.S. National Cancer Institute, NIH 9:00 a.m. – 9:15 a.m. O1. Functional Analysis of Human and Viral Circular RNAs During Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus Infection Takanobu Tagawa, Ph.D. National Cancer Institute, NIH 9:15 a.m. – 9:30 a.m. O2. KSHV Manipulates Host Iron Metabolism and Antioxidant Pathways to Promote Tumorigenesis and Resist Ferroptotic Cell Death Ashlee V. Moses, Ph.D. -
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small Tumor Antigen Activates
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.02.974303; this version posted March 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 2 Title: Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small Tumor Antigen Activates Matrix 3 Metallopeptidase-9 Gene Expression for Cell Migration and Invasion 4 5 Authors 6 Nnenna Nwogu1,3, Luz E. Ortiz1,3, Adrian Whitehouse2, Hyun Jin Kwun1,3,* 7 8 Affiliations 9 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of 10 Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA 11 12 2School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural 13 Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, 14 United Kingdom. 15 16 3Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA 17 18 19 *Correspondence: Hyun Jin Kwun 20 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of 21 Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA 22 E-mail addresses: [email protected] 23 Phone: (717) 512-7241 24 Fax: (717) 623-7715 25 26 27 28 Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. 29 30 31 32 Keywords: Merkel cell carcinoma, Merkel cell polyomavirus, small tumor antigen, Matrix 33 Metallopeptidase-9, FBW7, Cell migration, Cell invasion 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.02.974303; this version posted March 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. -
Yuan Chang and Patrick Moore Win Prize for the Discovery of Two Cancer Viruses
PAUL EHRLICH-STIFTUNG Chairman of the Scientific Council press release press release press release Frankfurt am Main, March 14, 2017 EMBARGO: March 14, 2017 - 2pm CET Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize 2017 awarded to Pitt Cancer Researchers Yuan Chang and Patrick Moore win prize for the discovery of two cancer viruses Scientists looking for new tumor viruses have to keep an eye out for the virus genes rather than the viral particles. This year's winners of the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize were twice successful with this strategy. FRANKFURT am MAIN. Two Americans, Yuan Chang and Patrick S. Moore, will receive the 2017 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize today in Frankfurt's Paulskirche for their discovery of the tumor viruses HHV-8 and MCV by means of a clever subtraction strategy. HHV-8 is the human herpesvirus 8, and MCV stands for Merkel cell polyomavirus. "With their decision to search for the viral genes rather than the viral particles, the prizewinners have taken a major step forward in the hunt for new human tumor viruses and have laid the foundation for further discoveries. The discovery of further human tumor viruses in future remains a distinct possibility," wrote the Scientific Council in substantiating its decision. One in every six cancers in the world is related to a viral infection However, the risk of cancer from a viral infection is lower in the Western industrial countries than in the developing world. Yuan Chang is Professor of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute. Patrick Moore is Professor and Director of the Cancer Virology Program at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute.