OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 11 APRIL, 1961 NUMBER 2

Published by THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL / SOCIETY OF OHIO

(Formerly Ohio Indian Relic Collectors Society) The Archaeological Society of Ohio Editorial Office Business Office 420 Chatham Road, Columbus 14, Ohio 65 N. Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio Tel. AMherst 2-9334 Tel. Norwalk 2-7285

Officers President - Harley W. Glenn, 2011 West Devon Road, Columbus 12, Ohio Vice-President - John C Allman, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton 6, Ohio Executive Secretary - Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio Recording Secretary - Merton R. Mertz, 422 Third Street, Findlay, Ohio Treasurer - Norman L. Dunn, 10 25 South West Street, Findlay, Ohio Editor - Ed W. Atkinson, 420 Chatham Road, Columbus 14, Ohio

Trustees Gerald Brickman, 409 Locust Street, Findlay, Ohio (Term expires May, 1961) Thomas A. Minardi, 411 Cline Street, Mansfield, Ohio (Term expires May, 1961) Emmett W. Barnhart, Northridge Road, Circleville, Ohio (Term expires May, 1962) John W. Schatz, 80 South Franklin, Hilliards, Ohio (Term expires May, 1962) Dorothy L. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio (Term expires May, 1963) Wayne A. Mortine, 454 W. State Street, Newcomerstown, Ohio (Term expires May, 1963)

Editorial Staff Editor - Ed W. Atkinson, 420 Chatham Road, Columbus 14, Ohio Technical Editor - Raymond S. Baby, Ohio State Museum, N. High & 15th, Columbus 10, O. Associate Editor - Thyra Bevier Hicks, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio Assistant Editors - John C. Allman, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton 6, Ohio - H. C. Berg, 262 Walnut Street, Newcomerstown, Ohio - Gerald Brickman, 409 Locust Street, Findlay, Ohio - Gordon L. Day, Field Service Dept. , Cincinnati Milling and Grinding Machines, Inc. , Cincinnati 9, Ohio - Ralph J. Servey, 1726 Baird Avenue, Portsmouth, Ohio - Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio Object of the Society

The Archaeological Society of Ohio is organized to discover and conserve archaeo­ logical sites and material within the State of Ohio; to seek and promote a better under­ standing among students and collectors of archaeological material, professional and non­ professional, including individuals, museums and institutions of learning; and to dis­ seminate knowledge on the subject of archaeology. Membership is open to all persons of suitable character and interest. The annual dues are payable either the first of January or the first of July each year. Dues are as follows: adults (18 and over) $4. 50, Juniors (under 18) $2. 25, Husband and Wife (one copy of publication) $5. 50; Sustaining, $25. 00. Funds are used for publishing "Ohio Archaeologist" and for other necessary expenses of the Society. The Archaeological Society of Ohio is an incorporated non-profit organiza­ tion, and has no paid officers or employees.

***** Ohio Archaeologist is published quarterly in January, April, July, October. Price per issue $1. 25, per volume $4. 50. Subscription included in the Society's annual member­ ship dues. Address all articles, personal news, queries and comments, etc. , to the Editor.

Address all communications concerning application for membership, change of address, purchase of back numbers, and other business matters to the Executive Secretary. Table of Contents The Cover 37 The President's Page 38 First Claimant for 1961 Field Find Honors, photos courtesy Karg C. Brown 39 Archaic Man in the Ohio Valley, by Dr. Don W. Dragoo 40-47 Banded Slate Birdstone, photo courtesy Omar D. Beckett 47 Geniculate Atlatl Weights, photo courtesy Dr. Stanley G. Copeland . . 48 Typical Geniculate Form (Ohio) 49 Survey of Ohio Paleo-Indian Artifacts 49 The McBride Effigy Pipe, by Martha Potter 5 0-51 The Irvin Coy Mound, Greene County, Ohio, by James A. Wood and John C. Allman 52-56 Keep Us Posted, Please 57 Errata 57 Five Fort Ancient Pipes, photo courtesy James W. Miller 57 A Rare Atlatl Weight Find in Putnam County, Ohio, by Gerald Brickman 58-5 9 Theories on the Use of Slate Discs 60 Chronology of Ohio Prehistory 60 "Hoppy, the Surface Hunter," photos courtesy Harry A. Hopkins ... 61 Hill-Top Enclosures: Information Wanted 62 News of the Society 62 Assortment of Fine Artifacts, by Ralph J. Servey 63 The "Welch Butterfly," by Arthur George Smith 65 Kentucky Society Issues Newsletter 65 "I Found It Myself, " by H. C. Berg 66 Ohio Fluted Points, photo courtesy Elmer H. Grimm 67 Symposium: "The Archaeology of the Upper Great Lakes" 68 Book Reviews, Arthur George Smith, Editor 68-69 Witthoft and Kinsey Appointed 69 Members Call to Action 70 A Motto 7 0 "Science of Man" Names Arthur George Smith 7 0 Notes and Personals 71-72 Letter to Dr. Willard Frank Libby third cover New Members - Lost - Necrology third cover

The Cover

Sixth in our series of human effigy Ohio pipes are these two specimens from the collection of James Theler, Cincinnati, Ohio. Both pipes were found in Hamilton County, and are fashioned from a fine- ;''"sk grained sandstone with a reddish-tan color on most ^l^k. of the outer weathered surfaces. They represent bowl types associated with the Fort Ancient people. ^BR^H ^iMH^te Each is conically drilled, and the bowl of the pipe JHk. at the right is enlarged by cutting. The pipe at the ^k left is the second example in our series to suggest a facial mask--the first appeared on the cover of Hf H "Ohio Archaeologist, " Vol. 10, No. 2, April I960. ^H Wf The oval area on which the features are engraved is X* raised 1/4" off the body of the pipe, and measures JH I / 16•' HI width .it th e Level oi the The i>:or- ^H ing of the nose appears to be an original feature, not a later addition. Overall height is 1 13/16" and f diameter across the top is 1 1/4"; bowl diameter is 9/16" and depth is 1 1/16"; stem hole diameter is ^| Wm 1/2" and depth is 1 1/16". The pipe at the right ex- ^^B Wm hibits a "Dutch bob" haircut. Its overall height is ^^^Hl^^^ 1 3/8" and diameter across the top is 1 5/16"; bowl diameter is 3/4" and depth is 1 5/ 16"; stem hole diameter is 7/ 16" and depth is 5/8". A fine crack of apparently recent occurrence appears across the bowl's left rim and extends 5/8" down the left side.

-37- The President's Page

It is my privilege to repeat here the welcome I, and the Society, gave to the newly formed Sugarcreek (Ohio) Chapter at the March 12 meeting. True to his promise, John R. Ford has, in the past three months, secured 15 mem­ bers in the Sugarcreek area and organized them into a Chapter. At the meet­ ing he presented a check for $62. 50 (their dues) and the application for a charter. The members enthusiastically voted to accept the application.

Just imagine what could be accomplished in the months ahead if only a few other members "took fire" and organized Chapters. The parent Archaeolog­ ical Society of Ohio would gain great strength from its Chapter "offspring"; in turn, Chapter members would gain double benefits from their Chapter and Society affiliations. What new Chapter will be the next to apply for a charter?

My second thought for the consideration of each member has to do with the proposed revisions of the Constitution and the By-Laws. It has become in­ creasingly apparent that the original instruments, adopted in 1955, no longer serve as complete and specific guides for the Society's officers and standing committees. It has now become essential to allocate constitutional and by-law provisions to their proper positions. Under the proposed amendments we can benefit from the greater experience our officers and trustees would secure from a two-year term in office.

These are the more significant areas of amendment proposed by the Con­ stitution Revision Committee, discussed with the Board of Directors, and presented by committee chairman John C. Allman at the March 12 meeting. In accordance with the present Constitution, the members voted to refer the amendments to a committee for further study and report at the annual meeting May 21. At this meeting the committee's recommendation will be heard, and the members will then vote on the proposed amendments.

I feel very strongly that adoption of the amendments will be most beneficial to the Society, and urge each member to give thoughtful consideration to, and favorable action on, this proposal.

One last comment--about the "Members Call to Action" story on page 70. Please turn to that page right now and read about Ohio Senate Bill No. 223. Then will each Ohio member of A.S. O. do as the article requests--write his approval of the Bill to his own State Senator and to each of the sponsoring Senators. Passage of this Bill would be most desirable, and members' letters will help to bring this about.

See you at the annual meeting on Sunday, May 21, at The Ohio State Museum.

Harley W. Glenn, President

-38- First claimant for 1961 field find honors is this perfect flint spear point found by Karg C. Brown of Columbus, Ohio, a new member of the Society. Accompanied by Bob Copeland (Stan's son), Karg entered a cultivated field that has produced Archaic artifacts in past years, and began to hunt a freshly bulldozed area along the creek bank, where the farmer had either cut down below the cultivation level to smooth out the ground, or had cleared out brush along the field's edge. In four minutes by the clock, Karg spotted a flint edge and lifted out this very perfect honey-colored, semi-translucent spear point (pictured exact size), probably an Archaic artifact. A check of the lithic collections at The Ohio Historical Society indicates that the material is a Kentucky nodular flint. The several nodular chert lines, the large light gray chert inclusions at the left center (upper photo), and the several dark gray chert inclusions at the right center, are all characteristic of flint from this source. Note the dense darker-brown flint nodule in the left portion of the stem. Very fine quartz crystals are intermingled with the flint in the right stem area and throughout most of the body. Clear flint free of these quartz crystals extends about 2" back from the tip. The artifact is a very fine example of symmetry and of chipping technic. Primary chipping has left a rela­ tively flat surface on each side, and the greatest thickness of the blade is only 3/8", at the center point 1 1/2 " from the base. Both edges have very delicate secondary chipping on each side, which extends about 2 1/4" from the point. There is no evidence of grinding along any edge of the base or adjoining edges of the body.

-39- Archaic Man in the Ohio Valley by Dr. Don W. Dragoo, Associate Curator Section of Man, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

(Editor's Note: On April 30, 1960 Dr. Dragoo was a speaker at the symposium on the "Archaic Peoples of the Ohio River Valley" which featured the joint program of The Ohio Historical Society and The Archaeological Society of Ohio, held at The Ohio State Museum, Columbus, Ohio. His talk followed that of Dr. William S. Webb on the "Archaic People of the Shell Middens, " which was reported in "Ohio Archaeologist" for July, I960, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp 77-78. We are indebted to Dr. Dragoo for the following development of his talk, and for his drawings of artifacts which were pictured in the slides that accom­ panied his talk. )

Dr. William S. Webb of the University of Kentucky, through his many years of excavations and studies of some of the largest sites in the Ohio and Tennessee valleys, has given us a vivid picture of Archaic life on the shell middens. He has shown us the aristocrats of the Archaic. I would like to show you some of the paupers.

There are literally thousands of Archaic sites dating from approximately 6000-1000 B. C. scattered throughout the eastern United States. Several hundred of these sites are in the Ohio Valley. Most of these Archaic sites do not have shell midden deposits for there were many groups of Archaic peoples living along the smaller streams, away from the big rivers such as the Ohio and Tennessee, who derived their living from hunting and gathering of food­ stuffs other than shellfish. For a long time many of these sites were not recognized as belonging to the Archaic. Their small size and lack of pottery led many people to suggest that they were merely camp sites of hunting parties belonging to much later Indian groups. As a result, much information per­ taining to the Archaic culture of the back-country peoples remained unknown until recent years. With our advances in the study of artifact typology, better excavation techniques, and new dating methods has come a better understand­ ing of what makes up the various cultural complexes of not only the Archaic peoples but also of many later groups. It is now possible to define the content and wide distribution of Archaic culture over most of the eastern United States.

There were many local or regional cultural specializations in the Archaic. Dr. Webb has demonstrated what happened in the Tennessee Valley and in the Green River area of Kentucky (Fig. 1) where there was an abundant supply of shellfish and other foodstuffs. Over a long period of time Archaic man multi­ plied in number and greatly enriched his culture. In the backwoods country where game was more difficult to obtain and there was no abundant supply of shellfish, Archaic man spent most of his days in the quest for food. There was little time left over to add frills to his culture and the number of people in any specific community was never large because of the limited food supply. Nowhere were conditions so ideal as on the shell middens of the lower Ohio and Tennessee valleys.

In spite of adverse conditions, however, there were groups of Archaic peoples in less favored areas who added new and distinctive traits to their cultural inventory. Such a culture was the Lamoka in the Northeast, discov­ ered by Dr. William A. Ritchie of the New York State Museum. Although some of Lamoka's traits were similar to those of the shell middens, there were other traits such as points and ground stone that were peculiar to Lamoka. The long, slender, stemmed Lamoka points are so different from most of those known from the Ohio Valley that Lamoka's history may have been en­ tirely separate from that of their western neighbors.

Scattered throughout the Northeast are the remains of another Archaic culture. Again, this culture was first found and described by Dr. Ritchie in

-40- New York who gave it the name Laurentian. In recent years we have found that the Laurentian culture also had a wide distribution in the Ohio Valley. To the manifestations of this culture in the Ohio Valley we have applied the name, proto or basic Laurentian, since the Laurentian of the Northeast contained some highly specialized objects peculiar to its area but usually not present on the Ohio Valley sites. All Laurentian sites, however, seem to share sufficient basic traits that there is little doubt of their common ancestry. Let us look at one of the typical Laurentian sites in the upper Ohio Valley.

Shriver Site Basic Laurentian

In 1954 I visited Waynesburg College to work with Dr. Paul R. Stewart, President of the college, who had collected artifacts from a small hilltop site near the city limits of Waynesburg for more than twenty years. From this site Dr. Stewart had gathered from the surface, and by some excavations, a vast quantity of artifacts including more than 1500 projectile points. From these objects we have gained considerable knowledge of the content of Lauren­ tian sites in the Ohio Valley.

The basic projectile point of this site, named the Gay Shriver Site after its owner, is what I generally call an expanded-stem point (Fig. 2) because the intention of the maker seems to have been to form a stem on the blade to facil­ itate hafting. Points of this type have also been called corner removed but most of these points lack the delicate, intentional notching of a typical corner- notched point. Some of the points of the Shriver Site were also side-notched. The workmanship on most of the Shriver Site points was rather crude but the poor quality of the flints used may have contributed to the crude appearance. The Shriver Site residents apparently picked up flints wherever they could find them in local deposits. Some flints were of good quality while others were of very poor quality. In spite of poor craftsmanship and inferior materials, when large numbers of these points are viewed as a unit, one is struck by the homogeneity of them and there is no mistaking them for points belonging to either earlier or later cultures.

-41- An interesting feature of the Shriver Site points is their size. Most of the points were no more than an inch in length and the largest were usually less than two inches. The smallness of the points suggests that they may have been arrow points for use with the bow but I believe this assumption would be incorrect. The mere fact that a point is small does not prove that the bow was used. The Indians quite often made what is called a compound shaft. The point is attached to a small fore shaft which is inserted into a larger shaft that can be propelled by use of the spear-thrower or atlatl. The Eskimos make and use this type of spear yet today in certain areas of the Arctic. The pres­ ence of atlatl weights in most of our Archaic sites is supporting proof of the use of spears. No concrete proof of the use of the bow can be shown until late in the prehistory of the Ohio Valley when it was the typical weapon of the Middle Mississippi peoples and their relatives.

Among the other tools of the Archaic Shriver Site are drills, scrapers, axes, hammer stones, and anvil stones. The drills are of several types in­ cluding those with expanded bases, straight bases, and notched bases. Many of those with notched or expanded bases seem to have been made by reworking a projectile point into a drill. Archaic man, like many later Indians, often converted a tool to another use than that originally intended. This appears to have often been the case when a point was broken. Rather than discarding it because it had a broken tip, it would be fashioned into a drill or scraper.

There were many hundreds of scrapers from the Shriver Site. Some were finely fashioned into end and side scrapers; the majority are merely flakes with at least one good cutting edge. The finding of so many scrapers that could have been used as wood-working tools suggests that many objects were made of this material by Archaic man. Unfortunately, the damp climate of the East prohibits the preservation of such objects. In the dry climate of the Southwest many wooden objects have been found at Archaic sites.

-42- At the Shriver Site the full-grooved axe was the common polished stone cutting tool. On the more northern Archaic sites of the upper Ohio Valley the plain adze, like those found on New York Laurentian sites, replaces the grooved axe which seems more at home in the central Ohio Valley. Many small Archaic sites like the Shriver Site have been found in the Ohio Valley. Hunting game and collecting all available plant food was the way of life for the people responsible for such sites. Many of these sites were sea­ sonal. Archaic man knew that when the chestnuts were ripe there was always wild turkey present to help harvest the crop. At this time his village was near this source of food. If the game moved, man followed suit. Where wild berries were ripe, man was there to pick them and to hunt the game that was also attracted. No man has understood better the habits of game than did Archaic man. It was essential to his survival.

Rohr Site Basic Laurentian

Few of the known Archaic sites are stratified so that we can see in the de­ posits a sequence of events through a long period of time. Occasionally we are lucky and we find such a site. Near Morgantown, West Virginia, Carnegie Museum excavated a rock shelter, designated the Rohr Shelter, in which evi­ dence of man's activities and his tools were found to a depth of 40 inches below the surface. Scattered throughout the deposit, from top to bottom, was the evidence of former fires that had served to cook the food and warm the peoples who took shelter under this overhanging rock ledge during their seasonal so­ journ into this territory in search for food. Animal bones found scattered around these fireplaces gave mute testimony to their success.

Let us look at the story of man's activities at the Rohr Shelter as told in its earthen pages. On the surface and in the first six inches of soil were the remains of the Late Prehistoric Culture which in the upper Ohio Valley has been named Monongahela Woodland, and in the central Ohio Valley, Fort Ancient. Typical items were small triangular points that once tipped the hun­ ter's arrows and fragments of shell-tempered pottery vessels that had served as cooking pots. Nearby were the bones of deer, turkey, and other game that had fallen victim to the hunter's quest.

In the second level, ranging from 6-12 inches below the surface, we began to find the remains of Late Prehistoric man's predecessors. Near the top of this level were a few stemmed blades like those used by the Adena people who buried their dead in the great earth mounds of the Ohio Valley. A few sherds of their heavy grit-tempered pottery were found near the points. These items were left in the shelter several hundred years before the time of Christ.

Near the bottom of the second level we began to find many items belonging to the Archaic peoples like those that once lived at the Shriver Site. In addi­ tion to the typical Archaic items (Fig. 2) were some stemmed blades of a type and material found along the East Coast. Associated with these points were fragments of stone bowls made of steatite. Such items were typical of the Transitional Culture found in the East and their presence in the Rohr Shelter indicates that there was either trade with the East or perhaps some of these people may have actually visited the Ohio territory. Radiocarbon dates for similar cultures in the East indicate that this contact occurred between 1500- 1000 B. C.

From the third level, 12-18 inches, down to the bottom of the cultural de­ posit nearly 40 inches below the surface, all items represented the tools of Archaic man. There were many of the small expanded-stemmed and notched points like those found at the Shriver Site. End and side scrapers became in­ creasingly common from top to bottom of the Archaic deposit. Such tools were probably used to fashion new spear shafts to replace those lost or broken

-43- in the hunt. With the small points and scrapers were crude bar atlatl weights like those found by Dr. Webb near the bottom of many shell midden sites in the lower Ohio and Tennessee valleys. Here seemed to be proof that small points were used on spears rather than on arrows. Near the bottom of the cultural debris an interesting point made its appear­ ance. This is a small point with a bifurcated base. Such points have been found at a number of Archaic sites in the East but we have not been able to associate them with any particular Archaic complex. In the western United States a similar point, known as the Pinto Basin point, has been found in asso­ ciation with other tools at ancient camp sites on the terraces of now dry lakes. Some archaeologists and geologists believe these camp sites to be 7000-9000 years old. The significance of these points in the story of man in the East has yet to be determined.

Throughout the deep Archaic deposits were remains of many camp fires. From some of these we were able to obtain charcoal for dating. A sample re­ moved from a fireplace a few inches above the floor of the shelter was dated by Yale University at 5310 ± 90 years ago. Thus, Archaic peoples had made use of the Rohr Shelter over a long period of time. Although some changes were seen in the artifacts through this long period of time, their life generally seems to have been quite stable. The information gained from the Rohr Shelter was particularly important for it gave us a time perspective for the basic Laurentian Culture in the Ohio Valley. Dr. Webb and I restudied the evidence from some of the shell midden sites in the lower Ohio Valley to see if there was any relationship of the Rohr items to these great sites. As a result we discovered that many points simi­ lar to those found in the lower zones of Rohr were also common to the lower levels of the Kentucky shell middens. It would seem that the Laurentian Cul­ ture was a very old and widespread culture.

-44- Panhandle Archaic

In the upper Ohio there is another kind of Archaic culture that differs markedly from the Laurentian. In northern West Virginia there are a number of very small shell middens located along the Ohio River. The largest of these middens would be no more than 150 feet in diameter and less than 2 feet in total depth of shell accumulation. Such middens are tiny little specks com­ pared to the great shell heaps covering many acres and of great depth exca­ vated by Dr. Webb in the lower Ohio and Tennessee valleys. In 1953 Carnegie Museum excavated one of these middens, named the Globe Hill Site, in Han­ cock County, West Virginia. From the evidence gained at this site and from the study of collections from related sites we now have a fair knowledge of the peoples responsible for leaving these small dumps of mussel shells in this area

Although small Laurentian expanded-stemmed and notched points (Fig. 3) are also found at most of these midden sites, there are several items that are distinctively different. Of special interest are two types of blades that have been named Steubenville Stemmed and Steubenville Lanceolate. The stems on these points are broad and the shoulders are poorly defined. The chipping varies from good to rather crude on both types. Among the other associated items are crescent (winged) atlatl weights and grooved adzes. Less distinc­ tive items on these sites are scrapers of various types, drills, and crude choppers.

It has been suggested that the blades from these middens, now called the Panhandle Archaic Complex, are quite old and represent a transition from the Paleo-Indian period into the Archaic. I doubt that this is the case, however, because of their direct association at several sites with the crescent atlatl weight and the grooved adze. Dr. Webb has shown that winged atlatl weights made their appearance towards the end of the Archaic. The early atlatl-weight form both in the upper Ohio Valley and the lower Ohio and Tennessee Valleys seems to have been the simple stone bar. The grooved adze is not a tool com­ mon to the Ohio Valley, but it has been found scattered throughout the north­ east where it is associated with complexes that appear relatively late in time. Thus, it would seem to be impossible to assign a great antiquity to the Steuben­ ville points since they occur with these late Archaic items.

The Panhandle Archaic Complex has an interesting distribution in the upper Ohio Valley in that it follows closely that of Adena. Whether or not there may be any connection is impossible to determine at this time. It is of interest to note, however, that some points from early Adena mounds also have wide stems and that at the Globe Hill Site, Fayette Thick pottery common to Adena was found in a small quantity. This is a problem that deserves further study.

Transitional Period Archaic

I mentioned earlier in connection with our findings at the Rohr Shelter that there was evidence that some peoples from the East Coast may have visit­ ed the Rohr Shelter in the Ohio Valley. Generally, the early movements of man in the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region seem to have been from west to east. The Allegheny Mountains, however, formed a barrier that confined many Archaic peoples to the Ohio Valley. Only a few groups trickled over the passes through the mountains into the Susquehanna and Potomac valleys where they found these areas already inhabited by peoples who seem to have moved from south to north along the coastal plain east of the mountains. In these areas Archaic man had fashioned his culture along different lines than had the peoples of the Ohio Valley. He had developed his own distinctive tool types adapted to raw materials quite different from those of the Ohio Valley. In place of the flints and cherts used in the Ohio area he fashioned his blades

-45- from rhyolites and argillites. From steatite he carved many stone bowls that have become a trademark of his culture. John Witthoft of the Pennsylvania State Museum made an extensive study of this eastern Archaic which he named the Transitional Period cultures (Fig. 4). I feel in a sense that this name was unfortunate because of the con­ notations of "transitional. " It is not a complex or culture necessarily chang­ ing from one thing to another, but an entire cultural tradition in its own right with a specific history in time and a definite distribution in space. So long is the history of this tradition in the East that in many areas there developed local and distinctive variations of it. In the Susquehanna Valley one of these local specializations of the Eastern Archaic prospered and spread its influence westward over the mountains into the Ohio Valley. Although this influence reached as far south as the Rohr Shelter in West Virginia, the major inroads of these people into the Ohio Val­ ley occurred in northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio where a number of sites can be attributed to these groups. On these sites we find the typical rhyolite and argillite blades and fragments of steatite vessels appar­ ently transported from the East. Occasionally raw materials from the upper Ohio Valley were adapted to their use, but they always maintained a preference for the eastern materials from which they had traditionally made their imple­ ments. The movement of these peoples into the Ohio Valley seems to have be­ gun approximately 1500 B. C. and drew to a close with the rise of Adena Cul­ ture in the central Ohio Valley and Point Peninsula Culture in the most northern reaches of the Upper Ohio Valley about 1000 B. C.

Summary The Ohio Valley was the home of many Archaic peoples of varied back­ grounds over a long period of time, roughly from 6000-1000 B. C. First, in

-46- the lower Ohio Valley were the peoples of the shell middens and their contem­ poraries, the peoples with a Basic Laurentian Culture who occupied most of the territory north of the Ohio River and around the Great Lakes. Near the end of the Archaic Period two new cultures made their appearance on the Ar­ chaic scene, the Panhandle Archaic along the upper Ohio in West Virginia and the Transitional Period cultures in northeastern Ohio and northwestern Penn­ sylvania. These latter cultures both probably originated outside of the Ohio Valley area. Although our evidence is far from sufficient, I suspect that other influences from several directions flowed into the Ohio Valley during late Archaic times. One of the greatest needs of Ohio Valley archaeology is a better understanding of the Archaic cultures, their distribution, content, and origins. The key to many problems may be found if, and when, we give more attention to the Archaic than we have in the past.

Selected Readings

Dragoo, Don W. : "Archaic Hunters of the Upper Ohio Valley. " Annals of Carnegie Museum, vol. 35, pp. 139-246. Pittsburgh, 1959.

Mayer-Oakes, William J. : "Excavations at Globe Hill Shell Heap. " West Virginia Archaeological Society, Publication Series, no. 3, pp. 1-32. Moundsville, 1955.

Ritchie, William A. : "The Pre-Iroquoian Occupations of New York State. " Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences, Memoir no. 1, pp. xvii, 1-416. Rochester, 1944.

Webb, William S. : "Indian Knoll. " University of Kentucky Reports in Archaeology and Anthropology, vol. 4, no. 3, pt. 11, pp. 115-365. Lexington, 1946.

Webb, William S. : "The Carlson Annis Mound. " University of Kentucky Reports in Archaeology and Anthropology, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 267-354. Lexington, 1950.

Witthoft, John: "Broad Spearpoints and the Transitional Period Cultures. " Pennsylvania Archaeologist, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 4-31. Harrisburg, 1953.

Banded slate birdstone, 3-3/4" long, from the collection of Omar D. Beckett, Mays- ville, Kentucky. It was found in 1949 by Ollie Emmons, Sherbourne Community, Bath County, Kentucky. Milk Run Creek caused a large wash-out in his barn lot about 200 yards from where the creek empties into the Licking River, and uncovered this interest­ ing specimen. The artifact exhibits three details sometimes found on birdstones -- an incised mouth, shallow-drilled eyes, and "tally mark" notching on the top of the head. It is not unusual to find one or two of these features on a single specimen, but it is most unusual to find all three features as in this one.

-47- Geniculate Atlatl Weights from the collection of Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, 1054 Lilley Avenue, Columbus 6, Ohio. Measurements of each artifact were made (1) of the prong, along the midline from the base to the top of the prong, and (2) of the maximum width of the body. Both dimensions of each oval hole were taken at the top opening. See diagrams on opposite page, (a) Gray banded slate, Hardin County, Ohio. Prong is 3 3/16" long and width of body is 2 7/16", hole at upper opening is 5/8" by 7/16". (b) Brownish banded slate, Defiance County, Ohio, marked 187 8, formerly in the Albert Domeney collection, 4" and 2 3/8", hole 3/4" by 7/16". (c) Green banded slate, Marion County, Ohio, former­ ly in the Bain collection. 2 7/16" and 1 3/4", hole 3/4" by 3/8". (d) Green banded slate, Wyandotte County, Michigan, marked 1904. 1 15/16" and 1 9/16", hole 9/16" by 3/8". The grooved scar of the hole extends for 1/2" along the inner surface of the prong. (e) Green banded slate, marked "Bert Becni Farm near Gahanna, Franklin County, Ohio," 3 1/2" and 1 7/8", hole 5/8" by 5/16".

-48- TOP OF PRONG

PRONG

Drawing of typical geniculate form (Ohio), and suggested method of mounting geniculate form as an atlatl weight. Webb, William S. : "The Read Shell Midden" Reports in Anthropology, The University of Kentucky, vol. 7, no. 5, pg. 396. BASE OF BOPY 1950

SHAFT OF SPEAR

HOOK

LAT GENICULATE WEIOHT

Survey of Ohio-Paleo Indian Artifacts

"The cooperation of the members (of A. S. O. ) has been very good. I have received many letters and points following your announcements in the last two issues of 'Ohio Archaeologist. "'

So writes Olaf H. Prufer who, together with Raymonds. Baby, is con­ ducting a continuing survey of the paleo-Indian fluted points and related arti­ facts known to have been found in Ohio. Four survey reports have been issued, and No. 5 is now in preparation. Copies of these reports can be secured by sending 25£ for each to the Cleveland Museum at the address given below.

Any person having fluted or unfluted Ohio paleo-Indian points or other artifacts is urged to make the material available to either of the men conduct­ ing the survey, so that necessary measurements and evaluations can be made on the actual specimens. Telephone or write:

Olaf H. Prufer, Curator of Anthropology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 10600 East Boulevard, Cleveland 6, Ohio. Phone SWeetbrier 1-7966, extension 27.

Raymond S. Baby, Curator of Archaeology, The Ohio Historical Society, High Street at 15th Avenue, Columbus 10, Ohio. Phone AXminster 9-1 17 9.

-49- Fig. 1 (Potter)--Carolina parakeet effigy pipe

Fig. 2 (Potter)--Semi-conjectural restoration of the Adena tubular pipe pictured in Fig. 1.

-50- The McBride Effigy Pipe by Martha Potter, The Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio

(Editor's Note: Miss Potter is a freshman at The Ohio State University, and is currently a student assistant in archaeology at The Ohio State Museum. During the past two seasons she participated in the excavations of two mounds, Davis and Greenbrier Farm, sponsored by The Ohio State Museum. ) In December I960, The Ohio Historical Society acquired by gift, from The Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, the James McBride Collec­ tion. The collection included numerous tools, implements, and ornaments collected by McBride in southwestern Ohio (Butler, Hamilton and Preble Counties) between 1828 and 1843. An outstanding item in the collection is a fragment of a tubular sandstone pipe with the effigy of a bird's head rising from the bowl (Fig. 1). The bird head is identified by Dr. Edward S. Thomas, Curator of Natural History, The Ohio Historical Society, as that of a Carolina parakeet (1), and is 2-1/4" high, 2-1/2" long, 1-1/2" wide, and 5/8" thick. The effigy is realistically por­ trayed. A drawing of the pipe fragment and a short description were made by Squier and Davis (2). McBride himself described it in more detail, and gave its exact provenience, in his "Drawings of Antiquities": "#54 was taken from a mound on the east bank of the Great Miami River five miles below Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio. It is composed of clay baked hard and burned. It represents the head of a Paraquete and is executed with much spirit. It appears to have originally been attached to some vessel from which it is broken off--probably a pipe as what seems to be part of the bowl remains attached. "The mound in which it was found is surrounded by an Ancient Work with an embankment and a ditch inclosing upwards of three acres. The Mound, standing immediately on the river, is now more than half washed away expos­ ing a great number of human bones, several human skeletons have been dug out of this mound, one of them with a copper band on which were strange de­ vices around the skull. . . " McBride seems to be uncertain as to whether the fragment is part of a vessel or a pipe. It is believed to be the bowl end of an Adena tubular effigy pipe (Fig. 2) and similar to the aquatic bird effigy pipe from the Saylor Park Mound (3). This conclusion is further supported by the fact that it was found in a mound within a circular earthen enclosure, a common Adena trait. The author would like to thank Bruce Baby for the semi-conjectural draw­ ing of the effigy pipe.

(l)--The last authentic record of the appearance of the Carolina parakeet in Ohio is recorded by William L. Dawson in his "Birds of Ohio" as July, 1862. In that month William S. Sullivant reported a flock of 25-30 birds in the elms around the statehouse in Columbus.

(2)--Squier and Davis: "Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. " Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Washington, D. C. , 1847, p. 194, fig. 7 9.

(3)--Frank M. Setzler: "Welcome Mound and the Effigy Pipes of the Adena People. " Proceedings of the United States National Museum, I960, plate 4. Reprinted in part in "Ohio Archaeologist, " Vol. II. No. 1, Jan. 1961, pages 18-23.

-51- -52- The Irvin Coy Mound, Greene County, Ohio by James A. Wood, 4689 Burkhardt Drive, Dayton, Ohio and John C. Allman, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton, Ohio

The Irvin Coy Mound is a circular earthen mound located in the extreme southwest corner of Section 31, Beavercreek Township, Greene County, Ohio, and situated southwest of the intersection of the Shakertown and Fairfield- Bellbrook Roads. At the time of excavation in 1958 and 1959 it measured 74* in diameter and 3' in height, but had evidently been much higher, since there were evidences of previous excavations and also of extensive cultivation. The southern three-fourths was in an orchard which had also been used as a gar­ den. The northern one-fourth was on another property, separated from the rest of the mound by a wire fence. Fig. 1 shows these surface features and each excavated feature.

Mr. Irvin Coy, the owner of the larger part of the mound, gave permis­ sion for the excavation to the authors of this report. However, after two years he sold the farm and the new owner would not allow further excavation.

The fill of the mound was largely composed of a very light-colored clay that was quite difficult to work either with shovel or trowel. It is rather sur­ prising that the Indians would have used this hard material for so much of the mound, rather than the softer surface material that surrounded the site.

The work was started 20' west of the center of the mound with the exca­ vating of a 5' by 5' pit. At a depth of 2 1/2' parts of a skeleton were uncov - ered, and as the pit was enlarged an adult skeleton was disclosed extended on its side in a north-south direction and facing east. Burials 2 and 3 were parallel to it, No. 2 facing east and No. 3 on its back. East of these were the remains of a cremated burial, No. 4, with the leg bones and a few teeth the only identifiable parts in a mass of ashes. At the feet were a dozen blackened stones varying in size from 2 to 4 inches in cross-section.

Continuing to the east the next features were two deposits of burned ma­ terial, each about 18" in diameter. In one of these, in a mass of red clay, there was a small copper axe 2 5/8" long, 1 1/8" wide at the bit, 1/2" wide at

i^rf.

r

Fig. 3 (Wood and Allman)--Double burial Nos. 13 and 14. Arrows point to skulls.

Fig. 2 (Wood and Allman)--Burial No. 5, Bob W ood (son of Jim) looks over tht i work.

-53- 5cji2'

Fig. 4 (Wood and Allman)--(a) Slate pendant, (b) Copper axe with coarse textile covering the face pictured, (c) Reel-shaped slate gorget, (d) Bear tooth ornament.

• 54- the poll and 1/4" thick. One side was covered with a coarse woven textile preserved by the copper salts. (Fig. 4,b).

Beyond these was burial 5, the best preserved of all the burials. It was the skeleton of an adult extended on its back (Fig. 2) with the head to the south. East of this were two more deposits of charcoal and ashes.

At this point the direction of the excavation was turned to the south and soon burials 6, 7, and 8 were uncovered, lying roughly parallel and 2' or 3' apart, with the bones badly deteriorated. No. 6 was the skeleton of a child about 3 1/2' long lying on its back. With it was a bear tooth ornament 2" long with two shallow holes drilled in one side near the root end (Fig. 4, d) which may have contained pearl insets such as have been found in similar drilled teeth from other mounds.

The leg bones of burial 8 were gone below the knees and under the knees there was a large flat piece of sandstone, with 3 more pieces along the right side of the skeleton. There was no indication of their purpose.

To the south, burials 9, 10, and 11 were placed with the heads to the northeast. Nine and 10 had just enough of the skeletons remaining to outline their direction. Burial 11 comprised just the leg bones and an arm bone, and some other bones that appeared to be those of an animal which were too fragile to take out.

Turning west with the excavation we came to burial 12, which was in fair shape except that the skull was badly crushed. It was on its back with the head to the south. The teeth were worn to the bottoms of the crowns, which might indicate that this was quite an old person. The next feature was the most interesting in the mound, two skeletons (burials 13 and 14) laid one on top of the other, with the heads at opposite ends (Fig. 3). They were both well preserved except that the skulls were crushed and broken. One had spurs on some of the vertebrae, indicating that this per­ son must have suffered from disease involving the bones, such as arthritis.

Burial 15 was a short distance northwest of these. This adult skeleton was in poor condition and was covered on all sides with a grayish powder which might have been the remains of the material in which the body was wrapped, probably bark, or perhaps cloth or hide. Alongside this skeleton were a few animal bones, also poorly preserved, but which seemed to be those of a dog. Beyond these was burial 16, the remnants of a child's skeleton.

To the west and just under the surface was part of a skull, the balance of which had been destroyed during cultivation of the site. No other remains were noted and this fragment was not tabulated as a burial. Two feet under this was burial 18, an adult, head to the north, the skeleton being poorly preserved. It was covered with ashes and debris in which were many sherds and a fine slate pendant 4 1/4" long by 2" wide at its widest point (Fig. 4, a). It was 7/16" thick and the one hole was drilled from both sides.

Digging around the base of an apple tree which stands south of burials 13 and 14 we found another skeleton, head to the southwest, in poor condition. The tree was growing over the legs. Near the burial were several sheets of mica.

At this point excavation had to be discontinued because of the sale of the property on which the mound was located.

In addition to the artifacts detailed above, 54 sherds were found, all grit tempered, undecorated, and quite hard. There -were four principal colors:

-55- Fig. 5 (Wood and Allman)--(a) Flint projectile point, (b.c.d.e) Fragments of projectile points, (f) Worked bone, (g) Chert scraper.

(a) light tan throughout, (b) black throughout, (c) light tan on both surfaces, interior black, (d) outside surface light tan, inside surface and interior black. The thickness of the sherds varied from 5/32" to 7/16". All were body sherds except one, a rim sherd which flared out from a 1/4" thick body to a 7/16" rim which was flat on top.

Only 5 projectile points were found (Fig. 5), one of which was whole (Fig. 5, a). It was dark gray flint, 2" by 11/16" , with small side notches and a straight base. One stem end of pink chert (Fig. 5,b) had a convex base and small side notches. The other three pieces (Fig. 5,c,d,e) were broken points. One chert flake (Fig. 5,g) appeared to have served as a scraper. One piece of worked bone (Fig. 5,f) was the only bone artifact found.

Four of the five deposits of burned material uncovered held nothing but charcoal and ashes and a few fire-blackened stone. The fifth contained the copper axe already referred to. Just south of the deposit of burned material No. 4, in the mound fill, there was a small, reel-shaped slate gorget (Fig. 4,c). It was 1 1/4" by 2 3/8" and 1/4" thick. In the center was a diagonal hole which had been drilled from both sides. Near one end was a slight dimple, where a hole had been started.

From the material discovered it is evident that this is a Hopewell mound, and according to Raymond S. Baby, Curator of Archaeology at The Ohio His­ torical Society, it classifies as Early Hopewell. It was built at the time of Christ or slightly before.

-56- Keep Us Posted, Please It's quite a job to get our mailing list accurately set up, and to keep it so. Spelling of names, correct street or RFD numbers, postal zone--every item is important. Please check your address on the envelope in which this issue arrived, and notify Executive Secretary Smith if there is any needed correction.

Be sure, too, to let him know immediately when you change your address.

One other record we're trying to complete for each member--the answers to these questions, which we'd appreciate your sending in right now to "Sarge". Your occupation? Recommended for membership by whom? Your age (if under 18)? Do you have a collection of artifacts? General, or specialized? Are you an active collector, or "just interested?"

Errata Charge a mistake apiece to the Editor and the printer in the January issue, Vol. 11, No. 1:

Feurt Village Artifacts, page 11, are all in the collection of Philip Kientz, Columbus, Ohio, except for these two which are from the Dr. Stanley G. Cope- land Collection of The Ohio Historical Society: the pottery bowl at top left, and the bone disc at bottom center.

"Notched Mussel Shells from Ohio Valley Fort Ancient Sites, " by Ralph J. Servey, page 30: the photograph is upside down, and the shell with the wider opening at the bottom of the V, referred to in the text, is actually pictured at the far left and second from the top.

Five Ft. Ancient pipes recently excavated from the Feurt Village site. Three were found in refuse pits. Pipes c and e were found by member Dewey Vallandingham of Lucas- ville, Ohio, the others by the father of member James W. Miller of Portsmouth, Ohio, who supplied this photograph. (a) is made from Ohio pipestone, the other four from sandstone.

-57- Fig. 1 (Brickman)

-58 A Rare Atlatl Weight Find in Putnam County, Ohio by Gerald Brickman, 409 Locust Street, Findlay, Ohio Surface-hunting for artifacts is a lot like fishing: there are good days and bad days. Sometimes the soil is washed just right and you have the feeling that today is the day you will make your quota. Then, on your favorite camp­ site, you find the criss-cross tracks of another amateur archaeologist and your spirits drop. The fascination returns when you find a broken point, and you continue in the belief that you will be lucky enough to find a choice piece he has missed. One day last fall, while hunting on a campsite along the Blanchard River in Putnam County, I had just about decided that it was a waste of time to fol­ low the trails of others who had searched these corn-rows. Moments later I came upon a shallow washout and there, on the bank, lay a perfect "banner stone" or atlatl weight, as if an Indian warrior of centuries ago had paused a fleeting moment to rest and then had absent-mindedly left a prized possession behind. The weight is made of galena, a material rarely found in northwestern Ohio. It is a dull white in color, due to oxidation of the surface, but it seems quite hard and is very heavy. Needless to say, it is one of the most highly- prized pieces in my collection.

(Editor's Note: In further comment on this unusual artifact, Norman L. Dunn contributes the following paragraphs. ) In his great work on banner-stones (1) Byron Knoblock mentions a speci­ men in the E. W. Payne collection supposed to be made of galena, or lead ore, which was found in the state of Missouri where galena has been mined com­ mercially for many years. Knoblock might possibly classify the present arti­ fact as a blending form derived from the Southern Humped primary form, which developed ultimately into his Humped Type No. 1. The great majority of the specimens of this type found in Ohio are made of granites. He points out the curious fact that the type specimens are the only ultimate designs de­ veloped in Ohio that were made of granites; all other types were usually made of banded slates. It is interesting to note that among the Class C specimens pictured in Plate 112, six of the seven found in Ohio are of granite. This artifact is best described as "loaf-shaped," (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) as both the width and the height contract in convex curves from the middle to the ends. In this respect it seems more closely related to the fluted ball and tu­ bular types which occur almost invariably in banded slates. The measurements are: 56 mm. in extreme length; 33 mm. in width at the center and approximately 20 mm. at the ends; 26 mm. in height at the center, contracting to about 15 mm. at the ends. In inches it is 2-3/16" long, 1-5/16" wide and exactly 1" high. The conical perforation (Fig. 3) bears shallow striations near the ends and was drilled from each end at a slight up­ ward angle; its diameter is 7-1/2 mm. at the ends and approximately 5 mm. at the center, where the drill-holes meet with a very slight offset. In color the artifact can be described as "bone-white," with a very faint brownish tinge. Its weight is just a few grains less than 4-1/4 ounces (Avoir. ), which is unusually heavy for its size, just how heavy will be appreciated when it is realized that it would weigh less than 3 ounces if it were hematite and a little over 1-1/2 ounces if it were quartz.

(l)--Knoblock, Byron W. : "Banner-Stones of the North American Indian. Privately printed, La Grange, Illinois, 1939.

-59 Theories on the Use of Slate Discs In the last issue of "Ohio Archaeologist" (Vol. 11, No. 1, January 1961, page 25) Gerald Brickman pictured and described "Slate Discs" which he had collected as surface finds in Hancock County, Ohio. He invited suggestions as to their probable use, and here shares with the readers of "Ohio Archaeolo­ gist" the ideas he has received. In these communications there is also some indication of the widespread occurrence of similar discs: Lloyd Weddell, Lucky, Ohio: "I am no one to pass out information as to what these things are; but a good guess is that they are unfinished cere­ monial pieces. " Harlan Snyder, Camden, Michigan: "I have among my collection a group of 14 found at one site near Nettle Lake, Ohio. It is my belief they were used in a game of some sort. " Richard A. Meyer, Woodville, Ohio: "I am of the opinion that after the skinning of an animal, eight stakes were driven in the ground to receive the paws of the skin. Into each paw was inserted a small disc and the skin stretched out. The paws were then pulled between the stakes and the disc turned flat with the ground, to prevent the paw from slipping back. A larger disc was placed in the head and also pulled between two stakes placed further apart. This procedure would enable the user to turn the skin as desired. " Mr. &c Mrs. E. E. Parshall, Denver, Colorado: "In our collection we have one disc 2" across of fine grained light brown quartzite, found at a site near the old town of Salt Creek, Wyoming. The small discs seem to have been gaming stones. Ours was found along the top edge of a very old stream bed which was washed deep. We have also seen some in the late Major Roy Coffin collection and also in some other collections from Northern Colorado or Wyoming. Major Coffin called these discoids or discoidals. We also recently saw two discs in the Van Auken collection which had been taken from caves in the southwest part of Colorado or New Mexico. The size was seven inches across and heavy. These he con­ sidered to have been used in discus throwing (see Ancient Greek or Roman pictures of discus throwers). We have another disc (slate-like) which has been drilled and would in all probability be called a pendant, the hole be­ ing very near one edge. " W. W. Woodley, Englewood, Colorado: Gave us the address of two fellow collectors in his locality who also have found slate discs. In the December, 1956 issue of "Pennsylvania Archaeologist" (Vol. 16, No. 3) there is an interesting article "A Research upon Indian Spinning Methods" by Clark B. Kahler. Several theories for the use of slate discs are advanced in this article, suggestions such as net-sinkers, pot covers, and spinning tools.

Chronology of Ohio Prehistory Under the supervision of Raymond S. Baby and Asa Mays, Jr. , The Ohio Historical Society is installing in the Henry C. Shetrone Room a new exhibit showing the "Chronology of Ohio Prehistory. " The exhibit includes typical tools, implements, and ornaments of the various prehistoric Indian groups that once lived in Ohio. An Archaic atlatl hook was furnished by a former president of the Archaeological Society of Ohio, Ernest G. Good, and a bell pestle by Dr. Gordon F. Meuser. Several artifacts representing the Intrusive Mound and Fort Ancient cultures are from the Dr. Stanley G. Copeland Collection. This exhibit is expected to be completed by the time of our Society's annual meeting on Sunday, May 21. It will be well worth each member's time to study it then, or on a later visit to the Ohio State Museum.

-60- 'Hoppy, The Surface Hunter"

That's the way Harry A. Hopkins, Piqua, Ohio, signed his long and in­ formative letter to the Editor. And here's why:

"I will challenge anyone to a big argument if he says it is foolish to sur­ face-hunt any fields other than camp-sites. I have found many nice artifacts doing just that, and not in just one or two fields, either. . . I have been laughed at by people when I tell them I go out hunting for these wonderful specimens, for to me archaeology is fascinating. My wife will testify that I almost went 'nuts' when our October magazine was late (well, not very late!--Ed. ). When it did arrive, I sat right down and read it without doing my evening chores (thanks for compliment! --Ed. ). "

Some nice groups from the Hopkins collection are pictured below.

A representative assortment of flint and chert artifacts. Those in the outside row start­ ing at the top left and coming around to the right and down to Group 4, are surface finds from the Johnson farm in Newberry Township, east of Covington, Ohio, found in the period from 1903 to 1929. All the rest are surface finds from the Piqua area, Miami County, Ohio.

Five celts from Miami County, (a) Dark granite, 7-1/4" long, (b) Green and black Axes, hammers, and pestle, all found at banded slate, 3-3/4" long, (c) Dark "hard the Johnson Farm and "Indian Villages" sites stone," 4-1/4" long, highly polished on all north of Piqua. For scale, axe at top left is surfaces; note curved right side, (d) Dark 4-3/4" long. The very small hammer in the brown banded slate, bands running in the long center is made from blackish granite and is dimension, 6-3/4" long, (e) Brownish stone only 2-1/2" long and 2" wide at its widest with dark inclusions, poll end black with point. brown inclusions.

-61- Hill-Top Enclosures: Information Wanted

"Ohio Archaeologist" has received a request for help from its readers in locating and securing data on hill-top enclosures (sometimes referred to as "forts") in the eastern United States. The inquirer is S. Frederick Starr, author of "The Archaeology of Hamilton County, Ohio" (see Book Reviews). He is making a detailed study of such archaeological sites, and reports that after a year of gathering such information "the results are already interesting. "

Mr. Starr appeals to our readers to send him any and all information on such sites. His address: 483 College Street, New Haven, Conn.

In connection with this request, and the review of Starr's book, it is of interest to recognize the scope of Mr. Starr's experience in the field of ar­ chaeology during the six years he has been active. In a personal communi­ cation to your Editor he reports that "For two years I directed the Cincinnati Museum's excavation of the Sayler Park Mound and published the results. Following the field work and research for 'The Archaeology of Hamilton County, Ohio, ' I wrote the book during my freshman and sophomore years at Yale. The following season (1959) I spent with the American excavations at Gordion, capitol of the Phrygian Empire in Asia Minor, working with the University Museum (Philadelphia) under the leadership of Dr. Rodney Young . . . This coming summer I hope to return and continue the work in Turkey. "

Mr. Starr is now in his junior year at Yale, majoring for Honors in both History and Ancient History.

News of the Society Two matters of Society business were voted on at the March 12 meeting:

1. The nominating committee presented a slate of officers and trustees for the 1961-62 term. Since no other candidates were nominated from the floor it was voted to dispense with the mail ballot which the Constitution spec­ ifies. The slate to be voted on at the annual meeting on May 21 consists of the present officers nominated for re-election, and for two trustees with terms expiring in May 1964: Thomas A. Minardi of Mansfield, Ohio, and Richard Johnson of Meeker, Ohio.

2. The application of the newly formed Sugarcreek, Ohio, group for rec­ ognition as a Society Chapter was approved. Further comment on this new Chapter will be found on the President's Page.

Suggestions for the revision of the Constitution and By-Laws were pre­ sented by the committee chairman John C. Allman. After brief discussion, the meeting voted to refer the proposals to a committee for further study and report at the annual meeting on May 21, at which time the revisions will be voted on by the members present at that meeting. Here again, please see the President's Page for more details.

President Glenn reported the action of the Board of Directors in making disposition of the Glacial Kame fund of approximately $172. 00. Since this sum fell far short of paying for the acquisition of the Williams and Zimmerman sites artifacts, The Ohio Historical Society has used other funds to pay for these collections. So our Board has voted to ear-mark our A. S. O. fund for the later purchase of some other archaeological collection of importance to The Ohio Historical Society, subject to the discretion of our president.

-62- This assortment of fine artifacts from the collection of Ralph J. Servey, Portsmouth, Ohio, is from the Feurt Village site except as otherwise noted. The metapodial bone of the deer provided the material for one chisel (top left) and two awls (bottom, second and fourth from left). Two chisels (top and right) are fashioned from the femur of the deer. One awl (bottom left) is made from the tarsometatarsus of the wild turkey; one awl (bottom center) from the deer ulna; one awl (bottom right) from the ulna bone of the raccoon. The bone scraper in the center of the group is the metapodial bone of the deer.

The bone fish-hook (left center) and the two drilled bear teeth are surface finds from Greenup County, Kentucky. The bone fish-hook (right center) was excavated from a site in West Virginia. The worked beaver tooth (top left) is from Greenup County. The bone whistle (top right) comes from the Schisler site near Portsmouth, Ohio. The two cannel coal pendants and the sandstone discoidal are from Adams County, Ohio. The discoidal is unusual in that it has a smaller hole drilled off-center. Both sides are concave; the obverse has 6 incised lines radiating from the center hole, while the reverse has only 4. The bone hairpin (right) was excavated from a mound near Tygart Creek, Kentucky.

-63- Fig. 1 (Smith)--"Welch Butterfly," side showing grid, at left, claimed to represent the written language of the "Mound-Builders. "

Fig. 2 (Smith)--Representations of an alligator and a "tiger" on the reverse side.

-64- The "Welch Butterfly"

by Arthur George Smith, Firelands Museum, Norwalk, Ohio

Today fakes are made as a commercial enterprise, but some of the fa­ mous fakes of the 19th century were made to prove someone's idea about the "Mound-Builders" or the origins of the North American Indian.

One of the most famous of these fakes is the butterfly banner known as the "Welch Butterfly, " now in the collection of The Ohio Historical Society. This artifact was allegedly found in a mound near Wilmington, Ohio, on February 12, 1879, by either Dr. L. B. Welch or J. M. Richardson. To quote from their report on the excavation, they encountered "a circle of round stones . . . This circle was on the original surface of the ground, and was built up to a height of twenty inches. The space enclosed by these stones was filled with charcoal and ashes, and during their removal the piece shown in Plate 3 was found standing on edge near the center of the pit, the bottom of which was formed of two stones, lying in a trough-like shape. "

At the time of this "find" there was a theory that bannerstones were double-bitted ceremonial axes, similar to the sacred axe of Crete, the "Labrys. " This may account for the mention of this piece being found stand­ ing on edge, a natural position for an axe. Another theory popular at this time was that pick and crescent banners were used as finials on spear and axe handles. The engraving on the "Welch Butterfly" shows (Fig. 1) a crescent at the end of both axe handle and spear shaft.

Anyone who has ever looked through old magazines of the period from 1870 to 1890 will recognize the decorative style of the panel at the left. Fig. 1. The grid lines were laid out with a straight-edge on the artifact. Now this panel is the reason for this fake. It is an attempt to prove that the "Mound- Builders" (in this particular instance the Adena people) had a written language.

All in all, someone ruined a very nice bannerstone of purplish slate.

Sources:

Welch, Dr. L. B. and Richardson, J. M. : "An Illustrated Description of Prehistoric Relics found near Wilmington, Ohio. " Journal Steam Print, Wilmington, Ohio, 1879.

Ibid. American Antiquarian, Vol. 4, pp 43-47, 1882.

Cincinnati Commercial, February 22, 1879.

Wilmington Journal, March 12, 1879.

Kentucky Society Issues Newsletter

Starting with the issue dated November, I960, the Kentucky Archaeological Society has issued several interesting and informative mimeographed news­ letters. Under the editorship of J. K. Long and Lee Hanson, the Newsletter provides a much-needed channel of communication with the members of the society. Annual membership dues are $2. 00, and for only $1. 00 per year an out-of-stater can receive the Newsletter. Send your dues to Mrs. Betty Quarles, 632 Longview Drive, Lexington, Ky.

-65- "I Found It Myself"

Self-styled "dyed-in-the-wool, clod-busting, nose-to-the-ground, corn­ field investigator" H. C. (Charlie) Berg of the Newcomerstown Chapter likes to be able to state "I found it myself" whenever he shows an artifact from his collection. In common with others of the "Net. " Chapter, and A. S. O. mem­ bers everywhere, Charlie gets his enjoyment and satisfaction from "tramping the soft soil of a freshly plowed field, constantly searching for some artifact that centuries ago helped a man work his way through life. " Evidence of Charlie's activity and a few of his finds are pictured below, all surface finds in the Newcomerstown area, Tuscarawas County, Ohio.

Three fine slate pieces. The pointed Flint Ridge (?) artifact (a drill?), gorget is bluish banded slate, mea- serrated across the base as well as sures 5" in length. Expanded gorget along both edges. Length 3" in center is light gray slate. The pendant at the bottom is bluish banded slate.

"Good eyes and strong legs" helped A fine brown chert knife, put these three fine points in the Berg collection. For scale, point at the left is 3 1/4" long.

-66- Ohio Fluted Points from the collection of Elmer H. Grimm, Elyria, Ohio, (a) Lorain County, Coshocton flint mottled blue-gray and white, 2 flutes on one side only, (b) Lorain County, gray-white chert (possibly not local), unfluted but paleo-Indian period, (c) Medina County, Harrisville Township, Orville Cope farm, light gray chert common in Ohio, single flute on both sides, (d) Stark County, Beach City, Steppert farm, light gray flint (source not identified), short single flute on each side, (e) Lorain County, Coshocton flint mottled blue-gray and white, single flute on each side, (f) Medina County, gray flint (probably local), multiple fluting on each side. (g) Stark County, Beach City, Steppert farm, black Upper Mercer flint, single flute on each side. For scale, 3 1/8" long, (h) Medina County, LaFayette Township, William Bleakman farm, low-grade gray chert (probably not local), well chipped, single flute on each side. (Editor's Note: we are indebted for these flint identifications and essential descriptions to Olaf H. Prufer, Curator of Anthropology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio.

-67- Symposium: "The Archaeology of the Upper Great Lakes"

Of interest to members of the Archaeological Society of Ohio is a sympo­ sium entitled "The Archaeology of the Upper Great Lakes," under the chair­ manship of Dr. James A. Griffin of the University of Michigan, to be held on Saturday morning, May 6, 1961. This is part of the program of the annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Papers dealing with all phases of American archaeology will be presented throughout the meetings, which will be held at the Ohio State Museum and the Ohio Union, Columbus, on May 4, 5 and 6.

Concurrent meetings are also scheduled by the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, The Central States Anthropological Society, and the American Ethnological Society.

Raymond S. Baby, Curator of Archaeology of The Ohio Historical Society, is coordinating the joint meetings as Chairman of Local Arrangements. He is also serving as program chairman of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, and is a member of the program committee of the Society for American Archaeology. Book Reviews Arthur George Smith, Editor, Firelands Museum, Norwalk, Ohio

Mr. Smith welcomes contributions to this section.

RE-ISSUE OF BELL'S GUIDE NO. 1. Word has come to your Editor that a re-issue is now available of Robert E. Bell's "Guide to the Identification of Certain American Indian Projectile Points, " Special Bulletin No. 1 of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society. Originally published in 1958, this bulletin has been out of print for many months, but can now be obtained by ordering from Robert E. Bell, Department of Anthropology, The University of Okla­ homa, Norman, Oklahoma. Send $4. 00 with your order for postpaid mailing. If you are not yet familiar with Bell's meticulous descriptions and depictions of recognized point types, refer to the review of Special Bulletin No. 2 in "Ohio Archaeologist," Vol. 11, No. 1, January 1961, page 34.

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. S. Frederick Starr. The Journal of the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History, Vol. 23, No. 1. 130 pages. June I960.

To the best of your reviewer's knowledge, this archaeological survey of Hamilton County represents the only such record to be made in recent years of an archaeologically rich area in Ohio. And even though the report lacks the thoroughness of a full-scale field survey, it does confirm the existence of sites reported in past years and gives their present condition. It also records a number of new sites located by survey of "those areas which showed the greatest potential (which) were thoroughly examined, while only the more promising areas were checked in the remainder of the county. "

This survey was undertaken in the summer of 1958 because "The destruc­ tion of archaeological sites is continuing at such a rapid pace that the classical archaeological approach of 'attack the best sites first' has become impractical and must give way to a program of salvage archaeology. In keeping with these needs, the Board of Commissioners of Hamilton County and the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History have co-sponsored this survey to locate sites which may be explored before they are obliterated. "

-68- As part of the record of each site, the author recorded the owner's ad­ dress and his attitude toward excavation, and he requested the owner to notify the Cincinnati Museum should the site be threatened with destruction. Mr. Starr is to be commended for carrying his survey through to such a well-organized and readable final report. His orderly review of the paleo- Indian occupation features a lengthy tabulation of the provenience of "Folsom- oid and Fluted Points from the Tri-State Area" which includes bordering counties in Indiana and Kentucky. The report then briefly comments on major archaeological features under the descriptive section headings of "Adena Cir­ cular Earthworks," "Ceremonial Earthworks," "Defensive Fortifications," and "Stone Mounds. " The balance of the text locates and describes additional sites, treating them by townships.

It is regrettable that the author employed certain terminology now con­ sidered archaic, and has continued the misconceptions of early investigators as to the purposes of certain archaeological features. "Folsom" and "Folsom- oid" are not the currently preferred designations for Ohio Fluted projectile points and related paleo-Indian artifacts. The section heading "Adena Circu­ lar Earthworks" should have included the phrase "and Burial Mounds" which are also recorded in this section. Perhaps most disturbing of all are the section headings "Ceremonial Earthworks" and "Defensive Fortifications" which are used to designate the "Geometric Enclosures" and the "Hill-Top Enclosures" of the Hopewellian people. The report is well illustrated with photographs and drawings of charac­ teristic artifacts, and with a number of maps of earthworks groups and in­ dividual mound excavations. RECOMMENDED--E. W. A.

EARLY MANTEAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI. Olaf H. Prufer. Sonderdruck aus Festschrift fur Lothar Zotz. Steinzeitfragen der Alten und Neuen Welt. Bonn. I960. (No charge, request from The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 10600 East Boulevard, Cleveland 6, Ohio. ) This 35-page monograph was published in West Germany, in English. It summarizes the literature on Early Man east of the Mississippi, thus provid­ ing a valuable synthesis of the present extent of knowledge concerning Early Man's presence in this area. Based on this synthesis, the author offers a critical evaluation of the significance of published reports. This reviewer emphatically agrees with all of Mr. Prufer's interpreta­ tions and conclusions, with one exception. He does not regard the pentagonal point as a distinct sub-type, but merely as a much resharpened and shortened fluted point originally of normal type. It is interesting to note that the lengthy bibliography includes a number of references to material originally published in "Ohio Archaeologist. " Seven non-professional members of The Archaeological Society of Ohio are listed, for a total of 30 reports.

VERY HIGHLY RECOMMENDED--A. G. S.

Witthoft and Kinsey Appointed John Witthoft has been named State Anthropologist of Pennsylvania to head a new section within the Bureau of Museums, Historic Sites and Properties of that state. W. Fred Kinsey, III, has been advanced to the post of Chief Cura­ tor of the State Museum at Harrisburg, the job previously held by Witthoft. These are both highly deserved honors and both men are well qualified for the positions. (Reprinted from "The Interamerican, " newsletter of the Instituto Interamericano, Vol. 8, No. 1, January, 1961.)

-69- Members Call to Action Ohio members of the Archaeological Society of Ohio are urged to act now . . . to send a letter to their State Senator recording their approval of Ohio Senate Bill No. 223. Here's what is behind this urgent call for each Ohio A.S.O. member to act:

On February 13, 1961, Senators Edward H. Dell (Middletown, Butler County) and Richard B. Metcalf (Columbus, Franklin County) introduced Senate Bill No. 223 whose first section defines the purpose of the Bill:

"Sec. 1329. 34 No person, firm or corporation shall reproduce or forge any object which derives value in whole or in part from its age or antiquity, or alter or make any object, whether copies or not, for sale with intent to offer such object for sale, exchange, or other disposition with intent to deceive, representing the same to be original and genuine, or knowingly have in posses­ sion any such reproduced or forged object with intent to sell or dispose of such object by representing the same to be original and genuine. " The balance of the bill provides for various penalties under given conditions.

Quite obviously, this bill would cover the making and/or offering for sale of a forgery of a prehistoric Indian artifact with intent to deceive, for any such artifact certainly "derives value in whole or in part from its age or antiquity . . . " The protection afforded archaeologists and collectors alike under this Bill is quite apparent, and most important.

Please write your approval to your State Senator, and to the sponsors of the bill: Senator Edward H. Dell and Senator Richard B. Metcalf, Ohio State Senate, State House, Columbus 16, Ohio.

A fine capsule statement in behalf of each A.S. O. member's efforts to share his archaeological hobby with his friends, old and young:

"Neither children nor adults seek to preserve that which they do not understand or appreciate. "

Clyde Hissong said it, in his capacity as Director, Ohio State Department of Education. "Science of Man" Names Arthur George Smith Arthur George Smith ("The Old Sarge") has been appointed to its editorial advisory board by the new publication "Science of Man. " Our A.S. O. Execu­ tive Secretary's chief concerns will be with "Collections, " and he will edit a department entitled "Surface Finds. " It would be difficult to find a man better qualified to advise and write on these phases of archaeological interest and field investigation, and the Archaeological Society of Ohio shares with "Sarge" his pride in this recognition.

"Sarge's" first effort brought this warm recognition from Hector Moya Montero of San Juan de Puerto Rico: "Although I do not have the honor to know Mr. Arthur George Smith, I want to greet him because of his article 'Surface Finds' in Anthropological Notes of 'Science of Man. ' Brief, short, but clear and good article. Shows that it was written by an expert who really wants the amateur archaeologist to know that simple things are the basic steps toward big things. "

"Science of Man" began bimonthly publication in December, I960, and by its masthead statement is "A magazine devoted to the story of man, his works, and his past, and to the popular presentation of the fascinating story of archae­ ology, ethnology, and the other sciences of man. " Subscription $4. 00 per year, $7. 50 for two years. Address "Science of Man, " P. O. Box 808, Mentone, California.

-70- News of the Society

So many letters to the Editor--friendly, informative, encouraging, con­ structively critical--we're humbly grateful for the flow that hits the editorial corner at 420 Chatham Rd. So many should be noted in this department, and so few actually are, that we're apologetic for many omissions. Here is a selection from the Editor's mail that he thought would be worth sharing with all of you:

Bob Converse, Plain City, Ohio--in a letter accompanying two nice photos which will appear in later issues, has the kindness to say "This is the first time I've contributed to the Ohio Archaeological Society publication and I realize it would make your job so much easier if more members would con­ tribute. Our bulletin is second to none that I know of--I don't see how you do it. " (It's easy, Bob--I just depend on good members like you, but I do have to prod a few! --Ed. )

Dean E. Neushwander, Joliet, Illinois --we' re all pleased to share in Dean's triumph at finding such a fine point as his sketch portrays, picked up "along the Kankakee River on a sand bluff, about the finest point I have ever found, not even one nick and a needle-sharp point. I classify it as Hopewell because of its heart shape and broadness. "

Alwin E. Bulau, Damariscotta, Maine--in a fine long letter from this new member, written before the Holidays, Mr. Bulau reports that he and his wife had "just returned from four weeks of vacationing during which we visited 15 states and provinces. Renewed our contacts with some of our former Indian friends and made some other interesting connections. Had a nice visit with the Director and curators of the National Museum at Ottawa, Ontario, and this past week with the curator of the Indian Section of the New Brunswick Museum at St. John, N. B. Also I have picked up some fine new items for my perma­ nent exhibit. Next year we hope to cut down materially on our general Maine handcraft lines and devote as much of our little shop as we can to our Indian display and to Indian craft. "

Perc Jelleff, Bigfork, Montana--more months ago than we like to admit, Perc was kind enough to report "yesterday I received my first copy of your wonderful publication. Enjoyed every word of it, and learned a lot about arti­ facts from other parts of our country. I only wish I had known about this Society before, and I would have joined long ago.

"I have collected Indian artifacts from this part of the country for several years. Still don't have a big collection, as all finds are surface finds, and unbroken artifacts are few and far between.

"There are no caves in this part of the country, or any mounds that any­ one knows of. In fact, as yet, I haven't been able to find out how the Indians from here were buried.

"We hunt around old camping grounds at the mouth of the rivers. I have tried digging in a few places, but no luck as yet. "

John A. Diehl, Cincinnati, Ohio--on the letterhead of the Ohio Covered

-71- Bridge Committee (of which he is Chairman) Mr. Diehl tells us that "Business, family and other commitments have made it impossible for me to attend meet­ ings but I want you to know that I feel that you who are piloting the Society are doing a splendid job. The "Ohio Archaeologist" is excellent. I look forward to the time when I can take a more active part in the organization. "

Herbert K. Brown, Fulton, New York—was kind enough to write Treas­ urer Dunn a fine long letter about his field hunting and his collection of eastern New York material. One item that would make Ohio collectors envious is his mention of "two nice ground slate points from the same site within the city limits of my home town, Fulton. " He would like to hear from folks in other parts of the country, so write him at 110 West Second Street.

Robert Edler, Bedford, Indiana—writes AGS that our publication's "illus­ trations are superb, and I liked your article on 'The Sawmill Site' very much. Your plates and descriptions of type specimens following Bell's example are worth the subscription price alone. "

R. N. Johnston, Albuquerque, New Mexico - -many months ago (to our shame for this late acknowledgment) sent a most interesting letter telling of his prowlings in pueblo refuse dumps, on sites that have been explored and re­ corded by professional archaeologists in the past. "My favorite form of collect­ ing is to take my shovel and screen, and get 'down in the dumps. ' It seems these Indians were not too neat at housekeeping. Ashes, bones, refuse etc. were all pushed into a corner until things got crowded, then carried in pots and baskets to the 'dumps'. Perfect arrowheads, awls, game pieces, etc. got mixed in with this refuse, and the light being very poor were never seen. . . . Pueblos that were completely wiped out by smallpox, or diphtheria, or enemy attack, will yield artifacts that are a 'diggers' dream. Some days digging will really pay off in beautiful artifacts, some days in blisters and a sore back. Anyway, that's what makes 'digging the dumps' my favorite form of collecting. " Photo shows friend Johnston "down in the dumps. "

The Deer Isle Savage, Maine--Hello, Roland Allison! Ye Ed. has so much to tell about you it will take a slice of the July issue to do it.

Quite an assortment, isn't it? One thing you've noticed, perhaps, is the stretch of country represented — all of 11 miles over to Plain City, Ohio; around 1200 miles to Deer Isle and Damariscotta, Maine; pushing 17-1800 miles to Albuquerque, New Mexico. Any one of our readers can do the same kind of travelling, with the help of a pen, the mails and a few names selected from the Society's membership roster (50^ from Treasurer Dunn —adv. ).

-72- Letter to Libby By vote of the November, I960 meeting, confirmed by the Board of Di­ rectors, Executive Secretary Smith has sent this letter to Dr. Willard Frank Libby, winner of a Nobel Prize in chemistry for his development of the radio­ active carbon-14 dating technic:

"I have been instructed by the Board of Directors of this Society to extend our congratulations on winning the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

"It was a very much deserved, if belated, recognition of the great con­ tribution you have made to our knowledge of the past.

For the Board, Arthur George Smith F. I. I. Executive Secretary, A.S.O. " New Members Even though the list of new members is being closed out early for this issue (March 14), it reaches the very satisfying total of 40. To each of them, a real welcome into the Society--may they have much satisfaction and pleasure from the meetings, the new friends they will make, the additions to their knowledge and their collections that should come about because of their Society membership.

To our old and new members—let's keep looking for interested persons to add to our roster. Remember, the contest for new member additions runs until May 13 (see the President's Page).

Ariz. Tempe Matthews Library, Arizona State Library Ohio Baltic Clarence A. Jacobs, Box 154 Barberton *John Bailey, 178 Snyder Avenue Ark. Springdale Northwest Arkansas Archaeological Society Bedford Bedford Historical Society, 451 Broadway c/o Mrs. Curtis C. Hornor, 1327 W. Rogers Ave. Bluff ton Eugene J. Ritchey, R. R.#l Columbus 6, Karg C. Brown, 1437 Ellsworth Avenue Calif. East Pasadena Paul E. Shepp, 3944 Mouitain Vie* Lawrence Mosley, 610 South 18th Street San Diego 20, Dr. V. E. Standiford, 5278 Lewison Avenue Covington *David Frank, 517 S. Wall Street Guernsey *James R. Edwards, R. R.#l Conn. Durham Gifford E. Francis, Box 122 Lansing Brian Da Re, 51 Liston Street, Box 188 *Tag Hunter, 104 Rosewood Drive Del. Nassau James L. Parsons Mansfield Mrs. Kathryn C. Heenan, 174 Malone Road Miamiaburg '"David Tumblison, 556-1/2 E. Pearl Street 111. Mattoon Jerry Hart, R. R. #2 Newcomerstown •"Russell Hawkins, 658 West State Street Mundelein James J. Kacer, Jr. , Route 1, Box 196 Capt. Weldon D. Mortine, c/o Wayne A. Mortine 454 West State Street Ind. Angola *Curtis Norman Rausch, 620 S. Superior Street Port Washington John Nastoff, Box 37 Columbus John Ritzenthaler, 1904 Keller Avenue Shanesville Mrs. Adrian D. Miller, Box 7 3 (joint membership) Sugarcreek Alfred A. Kaser, Box 5 35 Ky. Owensboro *BiU Cook, 206 Phillips Court, P.O. Box 255 Mahlon J. Schrock, R. R. #1, Box 2 9B Ohlen W. Troyer, Box 422 La. Epps Carl C. Alexander, Box 171 Woodville Lawrence A. Radeloff, Park Lane Drive Mich. Detroit 13, Walter F. Koppy, 5809 Lennox Tenn. Kingsport Joseph T. Jenkins, 1552 Greenfield East Grand Rapids 6, Oliver I. Wagemaker, 1057 Kenesaw Drive Texas El Paso Donald E. Crouch, 2622 Mountain Avenue N. Y. New York 32, Dr. Frederick J. Dockstader, Museum of the Fort Hood Richard P. Patterson, Company B, 48th Med. Bn. American Indian, Broadway at 155th Street 2nd Armored Division N. C. Warrenton K. R. Creech, R. R. #1 Wyo. Rock Springs Joseph Bozovich, 811 Ridge Avenue * Junior Member

Lost Charles T. Doudy, 420 East 19th Avenue, Columbus 1, Ohio. His January "Ohio Archaeologist" was returned marked "Moved, left no address. " Can anyone give us a new address? Necrology J. W. Gray, Plymouth, Ohio, died "some time in I960. "

Vaughan E. Ladd, died in September I960, at his daughter's home in Waynesfield, Ohio.

Dr. Warren Sprague, Athens County's oldest practicing physician, died on Monday, March 13, in Athens. He had practiced medicine for more than 58 years. Older members of A.S.O. will remember Doctor Sprague as an active collector for many years, and until recent years as a member of A. S. O. Committees PROGRAM COMMITTEE Ernest G. Good (chairman, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio; Raymonds. Baby, Columbus; Leonard H. Brown, Newcomerstown; Norman L. Dunn, Findlay; Bennett E. Kelley, Washing­ ton CH. ; Merton R. Mertz, Findlay; Arthur George Smith, Norwalk.

MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE Dr. Stanley G. Copeland (chairman), 1054 Lilley Avenue, Columbus 6, Ohio; Emmett W. Barn- hart, Circleville; Leroy M. Bissett, Columbus; Don I. Blue, Marietta; Donald McBeth, King­ ston; Thomas A. Minardi, Mansfield; Summers A. Redick, Columbus; Ralph J. Servey, Ports­ mouth; Arthur George Smith, Norwalk; H. C. Wachtel, Dayton.

COMMITTEE ON FRAUDULENT ARTIFACTS Arthur George Smith (chairman), 65 North Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio; Raymond S. Baby, Columbus; Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, Columbus.

PUBLIC RELATIONS Bennett E. Kelley (chairman), 138-140 South Fayette Street, Washington C. H.

EXHIBITS Charles H. Meng (chairman), 490 South Hampton Road, Columbus 13, Ohio; Donald McBeth, Kingston; Thomas E. Porter, Frankfort.

Lithographed by WESTERN PRESS