DOCSLIB.ORG

Tales of Two Discoveries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tales of Two Discoveries The Weta 44: 13-19 13 Tales of two discoveries Nicholas Martin* 15 Rutland Road, Mt. Wellington, Auckland 1051 Email:[email protected] *Research Associate, Landcare Research Abstract Previously unknown species of insect continue to be discovered, even in the heart of our largest city, Auckland. Events leading to the discovery of the Loxsoma whitefly (Trialeurodes sp. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)) and the New Zealand Spinach leaf miner (Scaptomyza (Bunostoma) sp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae)) are described. The significance of these discoveries is discussed. Loxsoma whitefly In July 2012, Dr Robert Hoare, lepidopterist at Landcare Research visited Chatswood Reserve, Birkenhead, on Auckland’s North Shore. Searching on the undersides of fronds of the fern, Loxsoma cunninghamii, in the forlorn hope of spore-feeding Lepidoptera larvae, he found instead numerous whitefly larvae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Loxsoma cunninghamii is a rare fern, only found North of the Waitemata Harbour, on Little Barrier Island and Coromandel Peninsula. He showed the whiteflies to colleagues, Rosa Henderson and Nicholas Martin, who realized that they were of a previously unknown species, one of more than 10 undescribed species of fern whitefly in New Zealand. There is only one named fern whitefly in New Zealand: the shining spleenwort whitefly,Trialeurodes asplenii, described in 1890. It is commonly seen on the underside of the fronds of its main host plant, Asplenium oblongifolium (Aspleniaceae). Rosa Henderson and I have been collecting information about whitefly on ferns for several years. We recently realized that many of the whitefly that occur on other species of fern and that look superficially similar to the shining spleenwort whitefly, are in fact undescribed species in the genus Trialeurodes. It appears that most of these whitefly species are monophagous, i.e. they live only on one species of fern. For example the hound’s tongue fern whitefly only lives on Microsorum pustulatum (Polypodiaceae). This whitefly is rare in Auckland, 14 Nicholas Martin but common in Dunedin. The sickle spleenwort whitefly, which is found on Asplenium polyodon, is known from only three reserves on the southern fringe of suburban Auckland. In contrast the umbrella fern whitefly is found on most patches of its host, Sticherus cunninghamii (Gleicheniaceae). Adults of all New Zealand fern whitefly (Fig.1.A.) are very similar and show few or no morphological characters that allow them to be distinguished. Fortunately the scale-like larvae (Fig. 1.B) have distinctive features that can be seen with a lens or magnifying glass. The Loxsoma fern whitefly larvae are unpigmented and surrounded by a neat long fringe of white wax filaments. The larvae are spaced out on the underside of the fern frond, whereas other species with a prominent white wax fringe, such as the shining spleenwort whitefly, usually have larvae that are clumped together, forming a messy area of white wax. The wax filaments of the shining spleenwort whitefly are thinner and longer than those of the Loxsoma whitefly. Other species such as the hound’s tongue whitefly have pigmented larvae. Whitefly are known from about fifteen species of fern, including Adiantum cunninghamii, Asplenium oblongifolium, A. polyodon, Blechnum colensoi, Dicksonia lanata, Dicksonia squarrosa, Hymenophyllum sp. Lastreopsis hispida, Loxsoma cunninghamii, Microsorum pustulatum, Paesia scaberula, Pneumatopteris pennigera, Polystichum vestitum, and Sticherus cunninghamii. It is not certain how many of these fern living whitefly are distinct species. The taxonomy of this group would make an excellent research project for a student or other enthusiast. New Zealand spinach leafminer For over six hundred years New Zealand spinach leafminer flies have managed to keep their existence secret from humans. All this changed when in 2012, during late winter, a female fly laid eggs in leaves of New Zealand spinach plants (Tetragonia sp (Aizoaceae)) near a west coast Auckland beach. The Weta 44: 13-19 15 Some weeks later, in early September, an entomologist walked along the beach towards one of his favorite tracks up through the forest of the Waitakere Ranges. As he approached the base of the track, he spotted some brown blotches on the leaves of the aforementioned spinach plant (Fig.2.). He picked one leaf, held it up to the light and looked at it through his magnifying glass. He could see that the brown blotch was a leaf mine, not a rotten part of the leaf. And he had never before seen a leaf mine like this on New Zealand spinach. He carefully collected some more mined leaves into a self-sealing plastic bag. Next day he examined the leaves with a microscope, using transmitted light. He could see that the leaf-miners were fly larvae and that they did not belong to the family Agromyzidae a group that contains many such miners. Some larvae had already pupated in the leaf. Now it was just a matter of waiting until the adults emerged. What would they be? Two weeks later, adult flies had emerged in some of the containers holding the leaves. A close examination of the wings and head of one specimen revealed that it belonged to the family Drosophilidae. This family includes the vinegar flies (Drosophila species) made famous by their use for genetic studies last century. The dorsal area of the thorax between the wings had only two rows of acrostichal setae (tiny setae along the mid line). This fly was of a previously unknown species in the genus Scaptomyza (Fig.3.) Scaptomyza is a large genus of flies with a worldwide distribution. The New Zealand spinach leafminer belongs to a small group of flies in the subgenus Bunostoma that are found on Pacific Islands and in Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand is now known to have five species in this subgenus, making the country a relative Bunostoma hotspot! I started a study of these flies several years ago and in my retirement I am planning to produce a paper on the genus Scaptomyza in New Zealand. In addition to the five endemic species in the subgenus Bunostoma, there are two adventive species, Scaptomyza (Parascaptomyza) elmoi Takada, 1970 and Scaptomyza (Scaptomyza) flava (Fallen, 1823). The larvae of the former feed on decaying plants, while the latter is a leafminer of brassicas 16 Nicholas Martin and plants in several other families (Martin 2004). Two of the endemic species have been named: Scaptomyza (Bunostoma) flavella Harrison, 1959 and Scaptomyza (Bunostoma) fuscitarsis Harrison, 1959. The former is found around the coast and on offshore islands, while the latter is common in grasslands South of Auckland. Its larvae feed on decaying plants. One of the three unnamed species is found on the Chatham Islands and appears to be closely related to S. flavella. The other two species are both leaf miners. The Pratia leafminer was discovered in Huia and reared by Brenda May in 1982. It has since been found in several places in the Waitakere Ranges, on Mount Taranaki and in the South Island. This species appears closely related to S. fuscitarsis. The New Zealand spinach leafminer has now been found in two places on the west coast of the Waitakere Ranges. Each site was in the shade, and not an obvious place to look for leaf mines of flies. Thank goodness that female fly chose to lay its eggs so close to a favourite track! Discussion The discoveries of the Loxsoma whitefly and New Zealand spinach leafminer were chance finds that depended upon natural historians being in the right place at the right time. Having high quality native ecosystems that are easily accessible has been an important factor in the discovery of these and other species of invertebrates in Auckland, as elsewhere in New Zealand. In addition to its Regional Parks and Department of Conservation Reserves, Auckland is fortunate to have many urban reserves of native forest and other plant communities. These discoveries demonstrate the value of these reserves in conserving native biodiversity. Who knows what other undiscovered species are on our doorstep? Acknowledgement Robert Hoare for helpful suggestions. References Martin NA 2004. History of an invader, Scaptomyza flava (Fallen, 1823) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 31 (1): 27-32 The Weta 44: 13-19 17 A B Fig. 1.A. Loxsoma whitefly larva (Trialeurodes sp. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)); B. Loxsoma whitefly adult (Trialeurodes sp. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)) 18 Nicholas Martin Fig.2. New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia sp. (Aizoaceae)) with blotch mine made by Scaptomyza (Bunostoma) sp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae)). The Weta 44: 13-19 19 Fig.3. Adult Scaptomyza (Bunostoma) sp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae)) reared from larva in a blotch mine in New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia sp. (Aizoaceae)) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Asplenium Oblongifolium
    Crop & Food Research Plant-SyNZ, INVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION CHART STUDENT LEVEL DEMONSTRATION Shining spleenwort – Asplenium oblongifolium FROND Small white scales on underside of frond, Whitefly adults and white waxy areas with Whitefly nymphs and puparia with white waxy present all year. eggs on underside of frond, present all year. areas on underside of frond, present all year. SUCKING INSECT (Coccoidea) 384 SUCKING INSECT (Aleyrodidae) 494 SUCKING INSECT (Aleyrodidae) 494 White mines on upper side of frond, present all year. FLY (Agromyzidae) 32 Other plant damage symptoms and invertebrates that may be seen LEAVES * Twisted and distorted frond, grey aphids Fern spores webbed together on the under- Fern spores webbed together on the may be present on expanding frond, side of frond and small holes in frond to underside of frond. No holes in frond. symptoms all year. upper side where small ‘towers’ may be Probably present all year. SUCKING INSECT (Aphididae) 991 constructed, probably present most of year. MOTH (Gelechioidea) 861 MOTH (Gelechioidea) 583 Other host associations in the Plant-SyNZ database (September 2003) LEVEL OF EXPERTISE No other host associations recorded in the database * = adventive (alien) species This version is suitable for non-experts. A 10x New associations hand lens is useful, but not essential to confirm The host associations illustrated and listed here are those known when this identification the presence of some invertebrates. Versions of guide was compiled. New host associations are likely to be discovered. If invertebrates and/or plant damage are found that may be a new association, send specimens of the this identification guide that are suitable for insects and plants to experts (botanists and entomologists) and Dr Nicholas Martin, students are available.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of an Unclassified Islet, Cape Brett Peninsula, Northern New Zealand, by E.K. Cameron, P
    TANE 28,1982 VASCULAR PLANTS OF AN UNCLASSIFIED ISLET, CAPE BRETT PENINSULA, NORTHERN NEW ZEALAND by E.K. Cameron Department of Botany, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland SUMMARY Seventy indigenous and 2 adventive vascular plants taxa are recorded for the "unmodified" islet. Its botanical value exceeds its small size because of the modification of the adjacent Cape Brett Peninsula and nearby islands. INTRODUCTION The islet is situated only a few metres off the northern coastline of Cape Brett Peninsula (Fig. 1). This steep beehive-shaped greywacke islet, less than two hectares in area, supports an excellent cover of indigenous vegetation compared with the adjacent goat (Copra hircus) browsed mainland. Approximately thirty minutes was spent on the islet during a four day botanical survey of Cape Brett Peninsula carried out for the Department of Lands and Survey, Auckland, in June 1980 (Cameron 1980). Time permitted only a single south-west to north-east traverse, returning to the starting point via the north-west littoral. PLANT COMMUNITIES For ease of description four plant associations (Fig. 2) are recognised although it must be remembered that these are by no means distinct as they grade into one another. Area 1: Coastal Rock. The amount of coastal rock on the islet is proportional to the degree of wave exposure and thus the north-eastern side of the islet has the greatest amount of exposed rock. Plants such as Asplenium flaccidum ssp. haurakiense, Samolus repens and the shore lobelia (Lobelia anceps) are frequently found growing in cracks and crevices. Others found here include the N.Z.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Vegetation of Cuvier Island. V. Additional Vascular Plant Species and a Vegetation Description for Scott's Monument
    TANE 27, 1981 STUDIES ON THE VEGETATION OF CUVIER ISLAND. V. ADDITIONAL VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES AND A VEGETATION DESCRIPTION FOR SCOTT'S MONUMENT by A.E. Wright Auckland Institute and Museum, Private Bag, Auckland, 1 SUMMARY 60 species of vascular plants (16 indigenous and 44 adventive to New Zealand) are recorded for the first time for Cuvier Island. Notable additions to the species list are briefly annotated. A separate species list and vegetation description is presented for Scott's Monument, a small stack lying close to Cuvier Island. INTRODUCTION Cuvier Island (Repanga) lies 40 km east of the northern tip of the Coromandel Peninsula. Information on its history and physiography, and location maps can be found in Beever et al (1969) and Wright (1981). In 1968, an Auckland University Field Club scientific trip to the island resulted in Parts I-IV of "Studies on the vegetation of Cuvier Island" (Beever & Beever 1969, Beever et al 1969, Johnstone 1969, Parris 1969). From 21 — 26 May, 1980, Field Club made its second scientific trip to the island. Once again, a species list was made, and new records are presented in this paper. In addition, a detailed survey of Scott's Monument, a small but steep rock stack approximately 50 metres offshore in Fairchild Bay, was completed. A separate species list and vegetation description of this stack follow below. ADDITIONS TO THE VASCULAR FLORA The following 58 taxa are new records for Cuvier Island, being additions to the lists of Beever etal (1969) and Cheeseman (1896). The species are listed alphabetically and adventives are denoted by an *.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterisation of Volatile Constituents of Six Native New
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Characterisation of volatile constituents of six native New Zealand ferns and changes in volatile emission in response to herbivore, mechanical wounding and phytohormone treatments. A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology At Massey University, Manawatū Campus, New Zealand Keylee Soriano 2018 Abstract Evolution has led to the development of countless defence strategies in terrestrial plants to deal with the threat of herbivory and disease. The production of specialised morphological structures, such as thorns and trichomes, is a prominent defence mechanism that directly deters potential herbivores. However, plants are capable of enlisting the aid of natural predators and parasites of attacking herbivores as a means of indirect defence, through the production and release of volatile organic compounds. This has prompted much research into the regulation and ecological roles of volatile organic compounds in many higher plant groups. However, similar studies are seldom in lower plants such as the Monilophytes thus we know very little concerning the ecological importance of plant emitted volatiles in this group. In this study, I investigated the volatile compounds released by six abundant native fern species using direct solvent extraction and headspace collections, and characterized the volatile emissions under natural herbivory, phytohormone treatment, and mechanically induced stress. Solvent extracts and headspace collections were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry allowing the quantitative and qualitative description of the volatile profiles.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Variation in the Thermal Tolerances of Plants
    Global variation in the thermal tolerances of plants Lesley T. Lancaster1* and Aelys M. Humphreys2,3 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2020) 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835 2Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 3Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-6509 * Corresponding author: [email protected] Significance Statement Knowledge of how thermal tolerances are distributed across major clades and biogeographic regions is important for understanding biome formation and climate change responses. However, most research has concentrated on animals, and we lack equivalent knowledge for other organisms. Here we compile global data on heat and cold tolerances of plants, showing that many, but not all, broad-scale patterns known from animals are also true for plants. Importantly, failing to account simultaneously for influences of local environments, and evolutionary and biogeographic histories, can mislead conclusions about underlying drivers. Our study unravels how and why plant cold and heat tolerances vary globally, and highlights that all plants, particularly at mid-to-high latitudes and in their non-hardened state, are vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Abstract Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understand how thermal tolerances are distributed globally, improve predictions of climate change, and mitigate effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Vascular Epiphytes in Urban Forests with Special Reference to the Shrub Epiphyte Griselinia Lucida
    Ecology of vascular epiphytes in urban forests with special reference to the shrub epiphyte Griselinia lucida A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at The University of Waikato by Catherine Louise Bryan 2011 Abstract This research investigated the ecology of vascular epiphytes and vines in the Waikato region of the North Island, and the water relations of the shrub hemiepiphyte Griselinia lucida. The main goal was to develop robust recommendations for the inclusion of epiphytic species in urban forest restoration projects. To achieve this, three broad questions were addressed: 1. How are vascular epiphytes and vines distributed throughout the nonurban and urban areas of the Waikato region, and how does this compare to other North Island areas? 2. Why are some epiphyte and vine species absent from urban Hamilton and what opportunities exist for their inclusion in restoration projects? 3. How does Griselinia lucida respond to desiccation stress and how does this compare to its congener G. littoralis? To investigate questions one and two, an ecological survey of the epiphyte communities on host trees in Waikato (n=649) and Taranaki (n=101) was conducted, alongside canopy microclimate monitoring in five Waikato sites. Results show that epiphyte and vine populations in Hamilton City forests represent only 55.2 % of the total Waikato species pool, and have a very low average of 0.8 epiphyte species per host. In contrast, the urban forests of Taranaki support 87.9 % of the local species pool and have an average of 5.5 species per host tree.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2007- 21 Fern Quarterly Spring 2007 President’S Message
    THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION P.O. Box 3797 Federal Way, WA 98063-3797 Web site: www.hardyfems.org The Hardy Fern Foundation was founded in 1989 to establish a comprehen¬ sive collection of the world’s hardy ferns for display, testing, evaluation, public education and introduction to the gardening and horticultural community. Many rare and unusual species, hybrids and varieties are being propagated from spores and tested in selected environments for their different degrees of hardiness and ornamental garden value. The primary fern display and test garden is located at, and in conjunction with, The Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden at the Weyerhaeuser Corpo¬ rate Headquarters, in Federal Way, Washington. Satellite fern gardens are at the Stephen Austin Arboretum, Nacogdoches, Texas, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, Birmingham, Alabama, California State University at Sacramento, Sacramento, California, Coastal Maine Botanical Garden, Boothbay, Maine, Dallas Arboretum, Dallas, Texas, Denver Botanic Gardens. Denver, Colorado, Georgeson Botanical Garden, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, Harry P. Leu Garden, Orlando, Florida, Inniswood Metro Gardens, Columbus, Ohio, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, and Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco, California. The fern display gardens are at Bainbridge Island Library, Bainbridge Island, WA, Lakewold, Tacoma, Washington, Les Jardins de Metis, Quebec, Canada, Rotary Gardens, Janesville, Wl, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, and Whitehall Historic Home and Garden, Louisville, KY. Hardy Fern Foundation members participate in a spore exchange, receive a quarterly newsletter and have first access to ferns as they are ready for distribution. Cover Design by Willanna Bradner HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY Volume 17 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspleniaceae on the South Coast of New South
    Cunninghamia Date of Publication: October 2019 A journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia ISSN 0727- 9620 (print) • ISSN 2200 - 405X (Online) The coastal ferns Asplenium decurrens and Asplenium difforme (Aspleniaceae) on the south coast of New South Wales. Kevin Mills 12 Hyam Place, Jamberoo, NSW 2533 AUSTRALIA. [email protected] Abstract: The occurrence of the coastal ferns Asplenium decurrens and Asplenium difforme (family Aspleniaceae) on the south coast of New South Wales are assessed and discussed. The Illawarra coast was the zone of overlap for these two coastal fern species and they reached their geographical limits in the Kiama area, with Asplenium decurrens reaching its northern limit of distribution and Asplenium difforme reaching its southern limit. All substantiated records of these ferns are documented and assessed. Both species require conservation consideration on the NSW south coast. For Asplenium decurrens the evidence suggests that New South Wales should follow Victoria and list this species as threatened under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (NSW). For Asplenium difforme local conservation action is needed at its most southern limit at Kiama. Cunninghamia (2019) 19: 107–111 doi: 10.7751/cunninghamia.2019.19.009 Cunninghamia: a journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia © 2019 Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Scientific_publications/cunninghamia 108 Cunninghamia 19: 2019 Mills, South Coast ferns Asplenium decurrens and Asplenium difforme Introduction as a co-author, re-instated the original name Asplenium decurrens Willd.; Brownsey & Perrie (2016) set out the The coastal ferns Asplenium decurrens (syn. Asplenium reasoning for re-instating the original name.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer 2014-2015
    Fernglen Native Plant Gardens Summer Newsletter 2014-2015 Contents: 1. Fernglen Curator report 2. A successful working bee at Fernglen 3. Visit from eminent South Island botanist Hugh Wilson 4. Book review “The Naturalist” by Thom Conway 5. Significant native trees to visit this summer 6. Another attempt to cultivate Brachyglottis huntii at Fernglen 7. A new rare fern from the Chatham Islands thriving at Fernglen 8. A botanical walk through the Karangahake Gorge 9. Revision of the name of the native kanuka Page 1 2. Summer at Fernglen – Curator report December 2014 Malcolm Fisher It has been a favourable spring with ample rain and cool temperatures, reducing the need for watering. The pests which build up in spring have been in abeyance, and are only showing up now with warmer humid weather. So spring growth and flowering has gone well. A forgotten Clematis paniculata, planted under the Pomaderris hamiltonii some years ago, reminded us that it is still present when it suddely burst into flower. And not far away under Metrosideros bartlettii, Clematis cunninghamii showed up with lots of flower. In the last couple of weeks the above-mentioned M. bartlettii, a very rare rata tree from Te Paki in the Far North, has also had quite a good display of white flowers. Another white flowering plant, which has been flowering really well for a couple of months this spring is Olearia cheesmanii. This daisy bush is near the Gazebo and there is another one on Ben’s Ridge. Dracophyllum strictum has flowered well this year and underneath it the NZ Calceolaria (Jovellana sinclairii) is making a spectacular display with its white red- speckled flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecticidal Proteins and Methods for Their Use Insektizidproteine Und Verfahren Zu Deren Verwendung Protéines Insecticides Et Leurs Procédés D’Utilisation
    (19) *EP003102684B1* (11) EP 3 102 684 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C12N 15/82 (2006.01) C07K 14/415 (2006.01) 06.05.2020 Bulletin 2020/19 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 15708059.9 PCT/US2015/014816 (22) Date of filing: 06.02.2015 (87) International publication number: WO 2015/120270 (13.08.2015 Gazette 2015/32) (54) INSECTICIDAL PROTEINS AND METHODS FOR THEIR USE INSEKTIZIDPROTEINE UND VERFAHREN ZU DEREN VERWENDUNG PROTÉINES INSECTICIDES ET LEURS PROCÉDÉS D’UTILISATION (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: J A Kemp LLP AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB 14 South Square GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO Gray’s Inn PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR London WC1R 5JJ (GB) (30) Priority: 07.02.2014 US 201461937288 P (56) References cited: WO-A2-2013/098858 (43) Date of publication of application: 14.12.2016 Bulletin 2016/50 • H. K. ABICHT ET AL: "Genome Sequence of Desulfosporosinus sp. OT, an Acidophilic (73) Proprietors: Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium from Copper Mining • Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Waste in Norilsk, Northern Siberia", JOURNAL Johnston, Iowa 50131-1014 (US) OF BACTERIOLOGY, vol. 193, no. 21, 1 November • E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company 2011 (2011-11-01), pages 6104-6105, Wilmington, DE 19805 (US) XP055196331, ISSN: 0021-9193, DOI: 10.1128/JB.06018-11 -& DATABASE UniProt (72) Inventors: [Online] 16 November 2011 (2011-11-16), • BARRY, Jennifer "SubName: Full=Uncharacterized protein Ames, Iowa 50014 (US) {ECO:0000313|EMBL:EGW36042.1};", • HAYES, Kevin XP002741068, retrieved from EBI accession no.
    [Show full text]
  • W O 2015/120270 a L 1 3 August 2015 (13.08.2015) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date W O 2015/120270 A l 1 3 August 2015 (13.08.2015) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: Drive, Urbandale, Iowa 50323 (US). LIU, Lu; 2303 Mid- C12N 15/82 (2006.01) C07K 14/415 (2006.01) dlefield Road, Palo Alto, California 94301 (US). SCHEP- ERS, Eric; 99 Water Wheel Drive, Port Deposit, Maryland (21) International Application Number: 21904 (US). YALPANI, Nasser; 6041 North Winwood PCT/US2015/014816 Drive, Johnston, Iowa 5013 1 (US). (22) International Filing Date: (74) Agent: BAUER, S . Christopher; E . I . du Pont d e 6 February 2015 (06.02.2015) Nemours and Company, Legal Patent Records Center, (25) Filing Language: English Chestnut Run Plaza 721/2640, 974 Centre Road, P O Box 2915 Wilmington, Delaware 19805 (US). (26) Publication Language: English (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, 61/937,288 7 February 2014 (07.02.2014) U S AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (71) Applicants: PIONEER H I BRED INTERNATIONAL, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, INC. [US/US]; 7100 N.W. 62nd Avenue, Johnston, Iowa DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, 5013 1-1014 (US). E . I . D U PONT D E NEMOURS AND HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, COMPANY [US/US]; 1007 Market Street, Wilmington, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, Delaware 19898 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Natural Hybridizations Among Asplenium Ruprechtii and Related Taxa in Korea
    pISSN 1225-8318 − Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 49(2): 127 139 (2019) eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2019.49.2.127 Korean Journal of RESEARCH ARTICLE Plant Taxonomy Exploring natural hybridizations among Asplenium ruprechtii and related taxa in Korea Chang Shook LEE*, Sung Hee YEAU and Kyong-Sook CHUNG1* Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea 1Department of Medicinal Plant Science, Jungwon University, Goesan 28024, Korea (Received 30 May 2019; Revised 14 June 2019; Accepted 21 June 2019) ABSTRACT: The purported four hybrid origins of Asplenium in Korea were tested based on morphological, cyto- logical and DNA sequence data. Asplenium castaneo-viride, A. × uiryeongse, A. × montanus, and A. × kitaza- wae share several morphological characteristics with the Asian walking fern A. ruprechtii and related taxa as parents and show a sympatric distribution with the putative parents, raising the possibility of hybrid origins: A. castaneo-viride (A. ruprechtii and A. incisum), A. × uiryeongse (A. ruprechtii and A. pekinense), A. × montanus (A. ruprechtii, A. trichomanes, and A. incisum), and A. × kitazawae (A. ruprechtii and A. sarelii). We investi- gated flow cytometry and chloroplast DNA sequence data (rbcL, rps4-trnS, and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer) to clarify the hybridization and origin of each hybrid. In the flow cytometry analyses, A. ruprechtii shows diploid (2x) only, whereas A. castaneo-viride (3x, 4x), A. × uiryeongse (3x), A. × montanus (3x, 4x), and A. × kitazawae (2x, 4x) exhibit polyploidy, suggesting hybrid events along speciation. The rbcL and rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data suggest that A. ruprechtii is one the maternal ancestors of all four hybrids.
    [Show full text]