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Science and Invention for January, 1926 785 I Will TrainYou at Rome to fill ßig4yJob!

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Vol. XIII. January, 1926 Whole No. 153 \ No.9 E111.1111.11111111.1111.111.1=1.111.5 ve .11 iwii,.,.iiiii.i.,i.nuvwmmuu, FORMERLY ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER

Member Audit Bureau of Circulations ILl EDITORIAL & GENERAL OFFICES: 53 Park Place. New York City GENERAL ADVERTISING DEPT.: 53 Park Place, New York City Published by Experimenter Publishing Company. Inc. (H. Gernsback, Pres.; S. Gernsback, Treas.; R. W. DeMott, Sec'y). Publishers of SCIENCE & INVENTION, RADIO NEWS. THE EXPERIMENTER and MOTOR CAMPER & TOURIST. EDITORIAL STAFF CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Astronomy- Dr. Ernest Bade, Ph.D. HUGO GERNSBACK, Editor-in-CltiCf . Dr. Donald H. Menzel, Ph.D., Ohio Radio- Harris. H. State University. Sylvan WINFIELD SECOR r E. E., Isabel M. Lewis, M.A., of the U. S. Leon L. Adelman. Managing Editor. Naval Observatory. Magic and Psychic Phenomena- Entomology and Allied Subjects- Joseph Dunninger. DR. T. O'CONOR SLOANE, Ph.D., M. A., Dr. Ernest Bade, Ph.D. Joseph F. Rinn. Associate Physics- Edward Merlin. Editor. Dr. Harold F. Richards, Ph.D. Foreign Correspondents- JOSEPH H. KRAUS, Field Editor. Ernest K. Chapin, M. A. Dr. Alfred Gradenwitz, Germany. Dr. Donald H. Menzel, Ph.D., Ohio Dr. H. Becher, Germany. A. P. PECK, Assoc..ssoc. R. E. s State University. C. A. Oldroyd, England. Radio Editor. Automotive Subjects- S. Leonard Bastin, England. Tom C. Plumridge. A. N. Mirzaoff, France. S. GERNSBPCK, Wrinkles Editor. George A. Luers. Hubert Slouka, Czecho-Slovakia. Chemistry- P. C. van Petegem, Holland. M. ESSMAN, Art Director. 9' Raymond B. Wailes. Richard Neumann, Austria.

IN OUR NEXT ISSUE 4. Does Tobacco Affect- Contents for January Editorial 793 Odds and Ends of Physics 820 The Health? By Hugo Gernsback. By Dr. T. O'Conor Sloane. An eminent German doctor gives vari- World's Largest Carillon 794 Everyday Chemistry 821 ous pertinent facts By J. Kay London. By Raymond B. Wailes. regarding the action Air Transportation Station of 1950 796 A Model Rotor Ship 822 of tobacco on the wellbeing of the smoker. Unsinkable Ship Actually Built 797 Paper Tricks 823 Do You Know How Ocean Bridging the English Channel 798 By Jean Irving. New Helicopter -Airplane 799 A Home -Made Compact View Camera 824 Liners Are Dry -Docked? By C. A. Oldroyd. By S. I. Phillips. A completely illustrated article will Submarines Open Frozen Rivers 800 A Reliable Test for Wood Alcohol 826 show the entire process involved in this By Joseph H. Kraus. By Raymond B. Wailes. Harnessing Bay of Fundÿ s Tides 801 How -to -Make -It Department 827 tremendous undertaking. The Orthophonie Radio Phonograph 802 Wrinkles, Recipes and Formulas 828 Fires Detected By H. Winfield Secor, E. E. Edited by S. Gernsback. Forest Man' Weighs Most on Ocean Island.804 Readers' By Light Beams How Huge Photographs Are Made 805 Forum 829 Shielded Mooring Mast 806 Advancement. of Radio Telephony 830 A newly developed system using a beam Balloon Jumping Sport 806 .By A. P. Peck, Assoc. I. R. E. of light and a photo -electric cell for de- Radio -Controlled Air Mail Planes 807 Radio Sets by the Thousand 831 forest fires Will be dealt with in Padded Ring Holds Dirigible 807 How to Follow WRNY 832 tecting Freak Lightning Bolt Dodges Trans- By Dr. Charles D. Isaacson. detail. former 808 Concentric Versus Eccentric S.L.F By Horace Thompson. Condensers 834 The Newest Inventions of Eyes That Talk 808 By William M. Henderson. H. Grindell Matthews Sound Indicates Airplane Speed 809 Grid Leaks - The Biggest Little Many new have been Advertising by Odor 810 Things in Radio 835 developments As a Worm Sees Golf 810 By Francis R. Ehie. made by this British scientist, reputed Can We See Atoms> 811 Broadcast Station on Yacht 836 .inventor of the so-called "death ray," By Dr. Joseph M. Howard. Five -Tube Set on A.C. or D.0 837 and a cómplete article, accompanied by The Month's News Illustrated 812 Three Tubes Do the Work of Four 838 full descrip- By George Wall. By Sidney E. Finkelstein, Assoc. photographs, will present Magic 813 I. R. E. tions of them. By Dunninger. An All-round Receiver Railroad Switching Problems 814 Broadcast 839 Are You Interested By B. M. Fairbanks. By A. Dolid. In Photography? The Latest Inventions 815 Radio racle 840 Tarrano the Conqueror 816 Non -Sc(i)ence .842 If you are, you will find much of value By Ray Cummings. Latest Patents 843 in the article detailing the construction Scientific Problems and Puzzles 818 Scientific Humor 844 only $5.37 By Ernest K. Chapin. The Oracle 845 of a photo enlarger costing Radio Broadcast to make. Matchcraft 819 Calls 848 may be order and remittance for a renewal, HOW TO SUBSCRIBE FOR 'SCIENCE AND CAMPER & TOURIST. Subscriptions delivery of Send your name. address and re- made in combination with the other publications the magazine Is stopped. - INVENTION." club rates. Send CHANGE ADDRESS: us - mittance to Experimenter Publishing Co.. 53 Park lust mentioned at special reduced OF Notify as far in ad York City. Checks and money orders postal for club rate card. Subscriptions start with wince as possible, giving your old address as well Place, New the current issue unless otherwise ordered. as the new one to which future magazines are to should be made payable to Experimenter Publishing of subscription we enclose go. Co., Inc. Mention the name of the magazine you ON EXPIRATION your It takes several weeks to make an address we also RADIO a renewal blank in our last number to you, and change on our records. are ordering inasmuch as publish unless we receive your NEWS, THE EXPERIMENTER and MOTOR notify you by mail. Then

INVENTION. 53 Park Place,e, York,IIY.City, San Francisco, Calif. Title Registered at the Pat- SCIENCE AND INVENTION is published on the be returned unless 12 numbers Der year. Unaccepted contributions cannot ant Office. Copyright, 1925. by E. P. Co.. Inc., l0th of each month. There are has been included. ALL accepted con- New York. The Contents Subscription price is $1.50 a year in U. S. and pos- full postage of this Magazine are foreign countries $3.00 a year. tributiona are paid for on publication. copyrighted and must not be reproduced without sessions. Canada and giving full credit to the publication. SCIENCE U. S. coin as well as U. S. stamps accepted (no for- Monthly. Entered as Single copies, 25 cents each. SCIENCE AND INVENTION. AND INVENTION is for sale at all newsstands in eign coin or stamps). second class matter May 10, 1924, at the Post Office the United States and Canada. European Agents, A sample copy will be sent gratis on request. ur- New act N. 18 Wise Et Cie, 40 Place Verte, Antwerp, Bel- entry at Long Island City. and glum, should be addreaaddressed to Editor, SCIENCE AND AdditAddit tional Western Advertising Reoresentatives Pacifie Coast Advertising Representatives Kansas City Advertising Representatives England Advertising Representative McClure A. J. Norris Hill Co. T. F. Magrane Finucan & Davies & Dillon St.. Chicago. III. Hearst Bldo.. San Francisco. Cal. 15 10th Park Square Blda., Boston. Mass. "..0 Cass W. St.. Kansas City, Mo. % , lei ÌIIIIIIIINIeNIIIIII owl INN! l iiiinandomummilm ilmmummuliA; 786

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www.americanradiohistory.com 7S° Science and Invention for January, 1926

SCIENCE and INVENTION READERS' BUREAU Time and Postage Saver IN every issue of SCIENCE and If the advertiser requires any money INVENTION you undoubtedly or stamps to be sent to pay the mailing see numerous articles advertised about charges on his catalogue or descriptive which you would like to have further literature, please be sure to enclose the information. correct amount with the coupon. To sit down and write an individual We will transmit to the various adver- letter to each of these respective con- tisers your request for information on cerns, regarding the article on which their products. you desire information, would be quite This service will appear regularly a task. every month on this same page in As a special service to our readers, we SCIENCE and INVENTION. will write the letters for you, thus sav- If there is any Manufacturer not ad- ing your time and money. vertising in this month's issue of Just write the names of the products SCIENCE and INVENTION from about which you want information, and whom you would like to receive litera- to avoid error the addresses of the man- ture, write his name, address and the ufacturers, on the coupon below and product in the special section of the mail it to us. coupon below.

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www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 7S9 HOW TO INVENT -- WHAT TO INVENT and What to Do About Protecting and Selling An Invention

LT HOUGHGH fact hastbeen uonis the short-cuts to successful invention; you how to use of invention 1//-\`1sally recognized that Invention is -How to develop your imagination learn the secrets governed by a few simple, easily ac- -How to develop your ideas that convert a simple little idea into money. quired, fundamental principles, no -How to get the facts you need for No one step in invention has been omitted. one ever thought of putting these principles inventions Everything you want to know about inven- -How to keep legal records of ideas in black and white so that everybody inter- your ideas, securing infor- -How to use scientific principles of mechanics tion-developing ested in invention could read them. In spite need, how apply -How to avoid wasting time on impractical mation you to for patents, of the fact that Thomas A. Edison made his inventions how to protect your rights, how to sell your famous statement that invention should be -How to apply for 4 patent invention-are taken up step by step, so that taught as a science, thousands of people am -- to organize a company when you have completed the course you have haphazardly -How tinned to work blindly, doggedly, -How to protect your rights a wealth of information worth thousands ideas. to perfect their -How to market a patent upon thousands of dollars. But now anyone can learn how to invent. and hundreds of other vitally important facts Fifteen famous inventors have at last given which EVERY successful inventor knows and to the world the laws and principles of Inven- uses. FREE-New Book on tive Science. They have shown every ambi- tious man and woman how to invent. They Inventive Science are teaching Invention exactly as other people You can see, therefore, how easy it is for are teaching law, medicine, bookkeeping. In- you to develop your natural instinct to "fix A wonderful new book has just come The same processes of thought that stead of spending years groping blindly, in- things." from the press that tells you all about the stead of wasting your time in useless, heart- almost instinctively told you to fix a rattling breaking drudgery, you learn how to com- window with a wedge can be so well devel- Science of Invention. It tells you how to plete your ideas quickly and what to do about oped that you can learn to invent other things avoid the pitfalls that have brought fail- them when they are completed. You learn almost as easily and quickly. You know, ure to thousands of would-be inventors. that every invention is made how to think so you are sure to too, It tells you how to learn the secrets of succeed. only by thinking inventively. And every- inventor is agreed practical invention, which famous inven- Everybody Invents that the principles of Inventive tors discovered only after years of heart- easy For a long time it was common- Science are so simple, so breaking effort and discouraging mis- ly believed that every invention to learn that any one, regardless luck-the of training or education, can takes and it tells you how to do this in vas a matter of pure of time result of some happy inspiration develop himself to become a suc- only fifteen minutes your spare that suddenly flashed through a cessful inventor l each day. This fascinating book will be man's brain, and which made hint With every new advance, with sent to all those who are genuinely inter- fabulously rich without the slight- every new discovery that the ested. the advice of those fifteen world experiences, more problems Get est effort or thought. But you famous inventors. Let them tell you how can prove for yourself that this is are coming up-and more inven- not so. You can prove for your- tions are needed to solve these you can easily learn the secrets of success- self that invention is the result of problems. Now, as never before, ful invention. Send for this Book today wanted, and thinking and action along definite- Raymond are new inventions as only a limited number are available F. Yates. who will pay a fortune to ly exact, scientific lines. with fourteen other fa- the world for free distribution. Send the coupon Suppose when you went home nions inventors, now the man or woman who gives it makes it easy for you just one of the inventions it needs. below NOW, or a letter or postal card tonight, you found a window rat- to learn how to invent tling. Through your mind would in your spare time at Even little ideas can bring you will do. There is no cost or obligation. flash, almost inKinctively, a regu- home. a fortune. Eberhard, who in- This bureau is not connected in any way lar order of thoughts which char- vented the rubber on the end of a with patent attorneys or manufacturers. acterize the conception and com- pencil, has been paid hundreds of pletion of every invention the world has ever thousands of dollars for his simple idea. The Our only work is to help ambitious men known. First, you would recognize a prob- man who invented the metal tip for shoe- and women to develop their inventive lem to be solved-the rattling of the window. laces, the man who conceived the idea of ability-to become successful inventors. Then you would think of several principles the "humped" hairpin, the man who devel- of science or mechanics which would solve oped the metal tape measure; all have your problem. You might think of the achieved success and wealth as great or Bureau of Inventive Science scientific fact that if you poured water on greater than the inventors of large ma- the frame the wood would swell and tighten chinery. Dept. 71, Wisner Building, Rochester, N. Y. the window. You might think of using a nail. But what you most probably would do Learn how to invent at home would be to use the oldest mechanical prin- If you would like to develop your natural BUREAU OF INVENTIVE SCIENCE ciple known to man, the wedge. inventive ability along money mating lines, Dept. 71, Wisner Building instead of trifling with ideas-if you would Rochester, New York What Invention Is like to DO something about your ideas in- Please send me your free book, "The Science ni Brought down to its simplest terms, that stead of letting someone else patent and mar- Invention." you, let this great Course is exactly the way every invention has been ket them ahead of in Inventive Science help you. Get the advice ; problem made - combining two ideas a inventors which must. be solved and a fact of me- and the help of the fifteen famous Name age chanics or science which solves the problem. who tell you the secrets of invention which So. although you may never have thought of you MUST know to be successful. it in just this way, every time you solve a This is the first course in practical inven- Addr ss problem in your daily life-at home, travel- tion that has ever been devised. In simple, ing, or in business-you are an inventor; you easy -to -understand language you are told use the principles of thought and action how successful inventors work; you learn City St ve which govern the Science of Invention! how to think along inventive lines, you learn

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 195

Helpful Information of Utmost Importance to Owners of Models L-1 and L-2 ULTR2TWPE Receivers

NOW, after two years, I have found a new development that is of vital in- terest to all owners of both Models L-1 and L-2 Ultradyne Receivers. Thousands of Ultradyne owners have asked us to solve this very problem. It deals with an easier, more economical method of operation and maintenance of your present Ultradyne Receiver. If you have ever written us about any phase of your Ultradyne, write us again. We are now able to give everyone helpful information that has never been available before. While this information applies directly to the Ultradyne (Models L-1 and L-2) , it will prove of equal value to owners of all types of Super -Heterodyne receivers. Complete details, as a part of our serv- Address all correspond- ice, will be given, without cost, if you write ence to Mr. R. E. La- cault, Phenix Radio Cor- at once. poration, 114-G East 25th Street, New York City.

Chief Engineer, PHENIX RADIO CORPORATION.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 791

NO DIALS NO PANEL BUILT-IN the `reell appointed Wome LOUDSPEAKER yor 11 of taste will instantly recognize in the PEOPLEULTRADYNE, Model L-3, the long-awaited perfection in radio -musical instruments. This new receiver offers complete mastery of the air's riches; effortless operation-as simple as playing a phono- graph; and a new artistic form that blends harmoni- ously with its environment. Better than the most exacting critics of radio ever demanded, more than the radio authorities themselves predicted. Complete freedom from entangling technicalities. "Belongs" in almost any scheme of furnishings. The perfect harmony of scientific skill and artistic s135.°° genius. West of the Radio never held out more attractions for you than this new kind Rock Mountains $140 of receiver makes possible. See and hear it demonstrated at the higher standard radio shops and department stores.

The ULTRADYNE, Model L-3, Chief Engineer of this Company, is a six-tube receiver employing and formerly Radio Research the fundamental principles of the Engineer with the French Signal best circuits greatly refined and Corps, Radio Research Labora- marvelously simplified. No dials- tories. no panel; just two inconspicuous To protect the public, Mr. Lacault's levers which constitute a station - 'elector. Volume adjustment, the personal monogram seal (R.E.L.) is only other control. Beautifully duce placed on the assembly lock bolts of finished, duo -toned panelled mahog- all genuine ULTRADYNE Model any cabinet. L-3 Receivers. All Ultradyne Re- ceivers are guaranteed so long as Designed by R. E. Lacault, E.E., these seals remain unbroken. Write for illustrated descriptive folder ULTPThWPE MODEL ,L-3 PHENIX RADIO CORP., 114G East 25th St., NEW YORK

www.americanradiohistory.com 792 Science and Invention for January, í926

Master Electricity By Actual Practice The only way you can become an expert is by doing the very work under competent instructors, which you will be called upon to do later on. In other words, learn by doing. That is the method of the New York Electrical School. Five minutes of actual practice properly directed is worth more to a man than years and years of book study. Indeed, Actual Practice is the only training of value, and graduates of New York Electrical School have proved themselves to be the only men that are fully qualified to satisfy EVERY demand of the Electrical Profession. The Only Institution of the Kind in America At this "Learn by Doing" School a man acquires the art of Electrical Drafting; the best business methods and ex- perience in Electrical Contracting, together with the skill to install, operate and maintain all systems for producing transmitting and using electricity. A school for Old and Young. Individual instruction. Over 9,500 Graduates are Successful Men in the Electrical World No previous knowledge of electricity, mechanics or mathematics is necessary to take this electrical course. You can begin the course now and by steady application prepare yourself in a short time. You will be taught by practical electrical experts with actual apparatus, under actual conditions. The N. Y. E. S. gives a special Automobile Ignition Course as an '.iiirr ¡i advanced training for Auto Mechanics, Garage Men and Car Owners. rrr®A! tal The course covers completely all Systems of Ignition, Starters, Lighting e1u44i? C71 Here.; and other electrical equipment on automobiles, motor boats, airplanes, etc. Let us explain our complete courses to you in person. If you can't call, send now for 64 -page book-it's FREE to you. New York Electrical School 29 W. 17th St., New York, N. Y. Please send FREE and without obligation to New York me your 64 -page book. NAME STREET Electrical School CITY 29 West 17th Street, New York

www.americanradiohistory.com 044, ta Volume XIII January, 1926 Whole No. 153 \\ No. 9

i0,11111111111111.1111111.111.11111.1,1.111111111112111.111.11111.113 110111om.11111,,,1wt,,,111111011wM11111,,,,,, In. V Q\\. ., alb Editorial and General Offices, - - - 53 Park Place, New York

"Those Who Refuse to Go Beyond Fact Rarely Get As Far As Fact" - - - HUXLEY SPACE By HUGO GERNSBACK

iF there is any one subject that can bring home to cause by that time a great many stars may have become us our human insignificance, as well as the insignifi- extinguished or new ones added. In other words, many cance of our earth, that one thing surely is space. of the stars we are looking at now may have been extinct When we speak of space we refer to the universal, in- for hundreds of thousands of years, although we are still finite space of Nature. It takes but a minute's reflec- witnessing the conflagration as it took place in prehistori- tion to understand that if the solar system is floating cal times. Such are the unfathomable distances of stel- in a vast space, wherever you go, into whatever direc- lar space. tion, there must be more space; and that if you finally We know so little about universal space at the present come to the extreme boundaries of our universe, you can time that we can only venture a few remarks on the not by any possible logic have reached the ends of space, subject. We have very little idea as to the proportion because beyond the universe there must be still more of matter contained in space to space itself. Most likely, space. however, the matter contained in all space may be com- The capacity of the human brain is such that it is im- pared to it as a grain of sand compares to the ocean- possible to clearly comprehend the tremendous truth be- the sand representing matter, the ocean, space. Yet we hind this simple statement. Nor has the human brain know that the various'Stars, probably in their immediate the capacity to think out the infinity of space as a whole. neighborhood, contain a good deal of cosmic dust, the Just like time, which really does not exist-except in same as the solar system contains a vast deal of such our minds-space has no end, as it has no beginning. If dust and matter outside of the sun's planets. We have you were to shoot a cannon ball out into free space, and many indications that this must be so, because in the providing it were not to collide with any heavenly body, course of ages, several planets, and perhaps many satel- that cannon ball would roll on at its original speed, not lites, have been broken up into dust. for hundreds, not even thousands, but for billions upon Our present asteroids probably constituted a planet billions of years ; without end, without ever coming to a at a date far back in the evolution of our solar system, stop. whereas Saturn and its rings show the same thing. If Either this statement is logical as far as the human there is any great amount of matter between the various mind is concerned, or else it is wrong in its entirety, and universes, we have no means of knowing, nor have we if it is then there is no infinity, as we understand the even a vague idea how far the various universes float term ; but space may actually he finite, and due to some apart. The universe to which we belong includes most complexity of the human mind we simply cannot under- of the visible stars, but it is most likely that there are stand the problem. millions of other universes, so far removed from us, that According to Einstein, space is not infinite, but, rather, it is impossible for light rays to bridge the gulf between circular in shape. However, there are few scientists who these various universes. share Einstein's view in this respect. And the study of indication the heavens, as our high-powered As a matter of fact, we have no whether telescopes and our our entire universe is resting in space, or is traveling sensitive photographic plates attest, reveals every so point in space. often new wonders were not with tremendous speed to some other that dreamt of before. The reason is that there is no fixed point anywhere in Every once in a while a new star, so-called "Nova," is could judge that we were moving discovered, and by calculation it is space from which we found that such a or not. We now know, of course, that the solar system star probably collided with another star anywhere from some in our own uni- 1,000 10,000 years ago. is moving rapidly towards point to We see the evidence of that our own vast universe is itself mov- occurrence only now, because it took the light verse, but whether that long is impossible to state. 'to. reach us, even though it travels at the rate of 186,000 ing or not it miles per second. With such vast spaces to traverse, our own universe Photography and systematic observation of the heav- could possibly rush through space at a million miles per ens have been with us but a comparatively short time. day without our being any the wiser. We might be rush-

There were no photographs of the , ing right into another universe, some- heavens taken further back than 60 where in the depths of space, and or 70 years ago. Some of the stars THE GOLDEN AGE OF might continue doing so for millions which look permanent to us now may SCIENCE of years without the best astronomi- simply be Novae, as we know that is symbolized by the golden cover cal instruments being able to indi- term, on a large scale. In other words, OF SCIENCE & INVENTION, cate such a drift. our descendants 1,000 years hence LOOK FOR THE GOLD COVER All of which goes to show our ig- may see a heaven totally different every month! norance as to space and the futility than that which we know now, be- of human reasoning.

Mr. Hugo Gernsback speaks every Monday at 9 P. M. from Station WRNY on various scientific and radio subjects. 793

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 794 World's Largest Carillon By J. KAY LONDON

ONE of the most inspiring sights which this writer The cutaway diagram has ever seen is the magnificent new carillon which here shows the ar- has recently been installed in the Park Avenue rangement of the bells carillon is and the position of Baptist Church in New York. This the console for oper- the largest both in point of number and size in the world. ating the bells of the It contains a total of fifty-three bells covering a range of largest carillon in the four and one-half chromatic octaves. The base bell, which world. This installa- corresponds with low E, in the musical scale, weighs approx- tion is found at the imately nine and one -quarter tons and measures ninety- Park Avenue Baptist used on this bell Church and was pre- eight inches in diameter. The hammer sented by John D. is twice the diameter of the smallest bell in the carillon. Rockefeller, Jr., to This latter weighs but fifteen pounds and has a diameter of this church. At the seven inches. The bells located in the tower are arranged present time t h e in tiers. The interior of the church tower is only about chime concerts are twelve feet square and forty-five bells are hung there. A being broadcast via be built in the tower to radio. separate massive steel frame had to accommodate them. In another frame the eight largest bells are installed. The hammer of each bell is connected with the console by means of rust -proof steel wires. The console resembles an old style piano. The bells at the high -

Photo above shows two of the largest bells in the carillon. Anton Brees, the Belgian carilloneur, is standing between them.

GREASE CUP AND TUBE TO CONVEY GREASE TO BEAR- INGS BALANCING WEIGHTS FOR All HEAVY BELLS _ CLAPPER

SPIRAL SPRINGS

I FOR SMALL `,,.,, BELLS

ADJUSTING ROD

X,MANUAL KEY The diam- The arrangement of the bells is clearlyshown in the above diagram. of the largest bell is ninety- ben is seven inches, and that eter of the smallest one -quarter tons, the eight inches. The latter weighs approximately nine and PEDAL shown a complete sim- smallest bell weighs only fifteen pounds. At the right is the console, or as it is sometimes called, p':ified diagram of the transmission from '-SPRING the keyboard, to the hammer of a bell.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 795

er end of the chromatic scale are operated by under the group of six is another group cf hand only, whereas the twenty-nine lower eight bells. Two of these have no springs bells may be operated by either the hands attached to their hammers for bringing the or feet. The hammers of the bells are coun- hammers back into the striking position. The terbalanced by weights and the stroke of the others have springs provided for the same clapper of the larger bell is about two inches. purpose. Proceeding down further into the It is not often that a visitor may see the tower we come adross two groups of bells carilloneur at work, but it must be said that arranged on slanting wood braces. There this is one of the most interesting sights. are eight on the upper and eleven on the low- One might he reminded of a cross between er slanting brace. These bells are nearest a boxing match and a marathon race. As the the openings in the Gothic structure of the carilloneur's fingers move along the key- church. Then looking down into the tower board he punches out the notes striking the one sees four bells arranged as illustrated or wooden pegs. These are connected by means the accompanying page, and in a campanile of wires to the hammers of the bells. At the built especially for the purpose, the eig_r same time his feet stamp down upon the ped- largest Dells are arranged. als. To hear Anton Brees playing a difficult Anton Brees demonstrated to the writes number and to watch him operate the key- how eaaily these bells worked and, pushing board and the pedals is thrill enough for any the hammer with one finger, Ile struck is good pianist. Then accompany this sight against the bell,' producing the deep charac- with the glorious music produced by the teristic tone of the chime. This showed how most perfect carillon ever built and the thrill delicately the hammer was balanced. There is remains to be forever impressed upon your just sufficient weight in the clapper to cause mind. it to be carried back after it strikes the belL It is claimed that these bells are tuned on The bearing point of each clapper is oiled. the five tone principle which is said to be a constan:lv by means of a copper tube con- cup. bells themse:ves . rediscovered art. Three hundred years ago necting with an oil The this method of tuning was known to bell are fixed to their supporting structures b- founders of the Netherlands. Among the best means of two massive bolts passing througii examples of bells tuned by this means are the top and fixed to the iron I beams. Each those of Hemonv. Then for centuries the hammer has a safety chain. art was lost, but after years of investigation, it was once more introduced and has now been adopted by all the British bell found- ers. The bells in this new carillon are ac- curately tuned so as to enable the carilloneur to modulate from key will one to another at 'he above photo without danger of consequent discords. When shows a few of the the base bell is struck, it continues to rever- fells installed in the berate for fully two minutes. hurch tower and the This carillon was presented to the Park photo at the left Baptist Church by John D. Rocke- -shows M=. Anton Avenue 3rees at the console. feller, Jr., in memory of his mother. Mr. There are fifty-three Anton Brees, the Belgian carilloneur, who 'ells, all of which are has played all over the world, has been en- :ontrolled by the gaged to play the chimes. In walking up the lands of the player. tower of the church one will find at the very Twenty-nine of them top fair sized bells. On a second layer nay also te operated three by the feet. there are five bells ; in the third tier there are six bells, each group being progressively smaller and at the same time the bells of the group are individually smaller. Immediately

The photo at the left shows the back of a practice console. It would he impossible to practise on the car:l- lore so this particular console is essential. Orchestral bells with resonators take the place of the giant bells of the carillon. Photo at the right shows the Park Avenue Bapt.st Church in the tower of which the bells are installed.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 Air Transportation Station of 1950

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lill.lÍl..... RESTAURA

The uppermost aecton of this Transportation terri mal, whici ma.. become a reality within a fee de_,ades, i c v tep to landing platforms br ai -- craft as val as to freight and baggage ccmnar_- mants and waiting rooms for passenger. 1$loe this section are Wiling apartments accessblr L} elevators by ra-tombiles ascending on spi -i roadways. Uric erg-ouni are the railroad tracks together vtiii the usual stations and waiting room; TI -e airp1eas terrisals are plainly numbered and designated by rightitg arrangements to aid ing akc-aft. Reclam's Universur .

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 797 Unsinkable Ship Actually Built,

The large illustration at the right shows essential details of a non -sinkable ship that incorporates many new and novel features. Recent bad weather on the Atlantic has brought forward the idea of unsubmersible ships. In the one illustrated, a six- inch air space within the skin or outer plating is the leading feature. Vacant spaces in the hold are filled with air-tight buoyancy chambers.

---ENGINE ROOM

i INCH STEEL WALL

BOILER ROOM COAL BUNKERS AIR .DEAD AIR BULKHEAD

STEEL WEIGHT EQUALIZED THUS THROUGH? OUT SHIP

---SHEET IRON WOOD

BUOYANCY CHAMBERS USED TO PACK ANY PART OF.kfOLD NOT FILLED BY CARCOa ancy chambers are anchored in place, of course, wherever necessary and are placed under the decks in unoccupied spaces in the holds and in other sections of the ship so that they can exert an upward lifting effort against the substantial deck girders and buoy up the vessel. The illustration given here shows the gen- Small illustra- eral method of applying the principle tions at right described above, and gives a clear idea buoyancyabove show of the ship so fitted. The reason why the chambers. ship equipped with the air chamber method here outlined sank, when torpedoed in its en- gine room section, on its way across the At- lantic near the close of the war, was ascer- tained by the inventor when he saw the man- THERE have been numerous patents lantic Ocean to Europe. This ship was tor- ifest indicating how the ship was loaded. Ex- issued, especially during the war, on pedoed, but the reason why it did not live tra heavy cargo was on board and the spaces practically every conceivable kind of to tell the tale is explained a little later on. left in the hold were not filled with buoyancy unsinkable ship, but it is safe to say The underlying idea behind the design of chambers. The result was that when the water that none of these have ever been tried out the unsinkable ship we have in mind here is came into the hold its weight overcame the on anything larger than a small scale model, that if we provided an air buoyancy space buoyancy of the ship, with insufficient salv- if they were even carried that far. The or chamber all around the ship and also in age chambers, and it eventually went down, exception is the scheme here illustrated and the principal spaces within the ship's hold, but only after being afloat for 23 hours. described and which is due to Mr. William which are not occupied by cargo, the ship will Contrary to an off -hand impression, per- T. Donnelly, of New York, the well-known float even if the sea -cocks are opened, as an haps, that the normal cargo storage space on designer and builder of large floating dry- actual test of this nature proved. the ship would be greatly reduced by the use docks. Mr. Donnelly was a member during In other words, if the steel plates on the of the buoyancy chambers, the cargo space the war of the Governmental Committee ap- vessel's hull were one inch thick, and we was only reduced about 15 per cent. pointed to consider all of the various ideas provided a seven- or eight -inch air space Why are not more experiments carried out and suggestions for rendering ships unsink- all around the inside of the steel hull, the with such humanitarian inventions such as able. This was one of our greatest prob- weight of the steel would be balanced, and this, the reader will ask, and the answer is lems, if not the greatest, during the World ignoring the weight of water which might that it is very difficult, as the inventor has War, when the German U-boats were sink- be taken into the hold if it were empty, the found, to get shipbuilders to try out these ing ships daily. vessel would float. Instead of one great ideas. Furthermore, the big marine insur- This scheme of Mr. Donnelly's is simple compartment of double -skin construction, air ance companies have no desire to see any and the best thing about his idea is that it buoyancy chambers may be built up in vari- such invention as this come into the field was actually tried out on a number of ves- ous ways to do the same work, and in the of ocean transport, for when once it has been sels, including a full-sized steamship. This ship fitted out according to this scheme, proven successful and is adopted by the large method of rendering a ship unsinkable was such chambers were made of wood covered ship operating and building companies, the actually carried out during the war, and a with sheet iron with soldered joints to ren- the rates for insurance on ships and cargoes vessel so equipped traveled across the At - der them air- and water -tight. The buoy- will be greatly reduced.

www.americanradiohistory.com 798 Science and Invention for January, 1926

Bridging the English Channel NC longer need swiºimers brave the treacherous tides of the Engl'sh Channel or -hose -zith squeamish rtc machs fear sea sickness when crossing that stretch of watcr if tlu dream of M. Jrles Jaeger, a Swiss engineer, materializes. It is that inventor's pian to bridge trne channel and then one can walk across if he feels so disposed. The illustrations of this page show our arti=t', conception of 1 -.ow such a preposition would appear when completed. It is estimated that th s undertaking woutl cost between $3.93,00e20 and $4OO,OOO,COO. In the plans, all kinds of traffic have been provided for. _wj motor causeways s:tuated 1,000 feet apart provide for intor traffic and direc-:v under this, tracks are :o be laid for trains. Ocean liner: can paDceed up and co.vn the channel, passing under bridges stuated near l=oth snores. The circu ar ilsert shows a cross-sectional detail of the motor cause- way, railway track and jet_. The map in the lower left-hand corner shows the proposed lotion for this tricge. In case of necessity due to war time emergen- cies, e ther end of this imç .r ant traffic link could be immediately destroyed. A bridge cf this nature would De of inestim- able value t) both England and France, from a cmumercial vie-vpoin-; and MOTOR CAUSEWAY/ furthe-more would provide a protected waterway between these tvo countries along which Jarges and otter inland water craft could travel. -RA!'_ AND MOTOR 1000 FT. r TPACK

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www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 799 New Helicopter -Airplane By C. A. OLDROYD Aeronautical Engineer; Reporter No. 4433 (English Correspondent)

2 YARDS PLANE STOPS i . STABILIZING AIRPLANE PROPELLER PULLING MACHINE PLANE THROUGH AIR LIKE AN i AIRPLANE. 60° LANDING r--t1 t' ANGLE

I LARGE AIRSGRE I ;' FIG.3 AVW7.4

STABILIZING PLANE GIANT, CF PULL PROPELLER PROPELLER LIFTS Above: Actual photograph of auto -gyro in MACHINE flight. Important features indicated.

__PROPELLER WITH ENGINE SHAFT FIG.I SHUT OFF PLANE - - SLOWLY AND CAR STRUCTURE MOTOR DESCENDS CONTAINING ALMOST VERTICALLY ¡ i MOTOR, FUEL. LANDING CENTRIFUGAL ETC. PILOT, BUFFER FORCE TENDS T0 DEPRESS ROTAT- FIG.4 ING AIR -SCREW f 200 FEET BRACING AIR PRESSURE B SPRING "FD WIRE i f WINGS TENDS TO .LIFT VANES OF PLANE LARGE ROTATING" SLEEVE /A\HINGED A IR- SCREW , STOPS AIR- SCREW )./ IN2TO3 ( WING) STRUTS TO `. UPRIGHT -I YARDS FIG.2 UPRIGHT, FIXED TO CROSS SECTION AIRPLANE BODY THRU AIRPLANE BODY of new helicopter in flight An artist's conception the view of the auto -gyro showing location and over New York City. A machine of this kind could land Fig. I. A standard helicopter. Fig. 2. A diagramatical general principle of the airscrew, which allows vertical flight. Figs. 3 and 4 show two methods on ordinary flat building tops, as no special landing auto -gyro. fields are required. of landing with stages of la the air currents around the lifting airscrew. airscrew, let us follow the various ASPANISH engineer, Señor de this new auto -gyro. Before the Cierva, has at last given to the world None of the true helicopters yet constructed flight of called entirely successful, and it is pilot can take off, the large airscrew must what appears to be the perfect fly- can be In experimental machine ing machine. Recent carried doubtful whether the world will ever see a be started. the tests in the pictures, no provision has been out in England by the Air Ministry of thoroughly satisfactory machine of this type. shown drawback of the helicopter made to start the airscrew by power, so it Great Britain show beyond doubt that the The greatest is a is engine failure spells a crash, result- must be done by hand. A rope wound new machine fulfills all demands that can be that rotating sleeve, and ing in a more or less complete wreck of few times around the reasonably made on any flying machine. several men pull, causing the large airscrew We all have some time or other built the machine. new auto -gyro flying machine com- to rotate slowly on its ball -bearing sleeve. - flying machines, for the kite is really the The machine, which drives The sur- bines the advantages of the airplane and the The engine of the simplest type of aerial machine. front propeller, is now started, and the face of the kite is at an angle to the wind airship, without possessing any of their the is small and compact like pilot takes off. We notice that the large direction, and the air pressure produced by drawbacks. It and faster is the airplane, and capable of high speed with horizontal airscrew turns faster the wind lifts the kite. The air pressure machine runs over the ground; when - as the opposed by the pull of the kite cord, so that low power. In addition, however, it can land in smallest space, and as the latest a speed of about 120 revolutions per minute the kite cannot drift away with the wind, the large airscrew can the whole experiments made prove, it can even descend has been reached, the but is forced to rise. Stability to support the whole weight of the auto -gyro. is given by a long tail. vertically. Flight is now controlled in the usual man- The airplane is based on the same prin- The photo shows the experimental ma- by chine in flight. This has been constructed ner by means of rudders and elevators. The ciple, only here the kite cord is replaced and a very sud- draws from a standard airplane after the original pilot now makes a landing, the pull of the propeller. The propeller den one, too, for the machine descends at an the machine through the air, and the pres- wings had been removed. Just behind the machine pilot's cockpit an upright steel tube has been angle of about 60 degrees to the horizontal. sure against the wings lifts the landing touch the ground, and upward. Fixed tail surfaces serve the same fitted, on which the large horizontal air - The wheels screw, the essential feature of this machine, in only two yards the auto -gyro comes to a purpose as the feathers at the end of an No airplane could possibly per- arrow, they maintain the machine in straight is supported. Short steel tube stays to the dead stop! rudders and elevators, side of the airplane body hold the upright form a similar feat. flight. By means of pilot has some more surprises in the pilot can direct the flight of the ma- rigid. But the This airscrew is, however, not power - store for us, he ascends again, and when he chine. reached a height of about 200 feet, he And, finally, we have the helicopter. One driven, as in a helicopter, but revolves freely has cuts off his engine. An airplane would glide type is illustrated in Fig. 1. The lifting on its axis as the machine travels through the air. The airscrew consists of four light, down to the ground, not so with the auto- action is produced by a giant airscrew the body con- as narrow wings, each seventeen feet in length; gyro. The large airscrew above mounted above the structure that serves slowly, and the auto -gyro landing chassis and car. As the motor turns at the root, these wings are hinged to a ro- tinues to rotate tating sleeve which goes over the steel up- sinks down slowly to the earth, descending the propeller, the machine lifts off the Without any severe ground, and from now onward flies by hang- right. (Fig. 5.) The wings are supported almost vertically. by bracing wires; between the end of these shock, the landing wheels touch the ground, ing from the lifting airscrew. again the machine comes to rest within Stability is therefore most difficult to at- wires and the sleeve strong springs are in- and for -the serted. a yard or two. tain with a machine of this type, on page 876) wind currents interfere most seriously with Before discussing the action of the large (Continued

www.americanradiohistory.com a i0 Science and Invention for :..::nuary, 1926 Submarine Opens Frozen Rivers By JOSEPH H. KRAUS

The above illustration is an artist's conception of the proposed method of The drawing further illustrates the particular style of bomb, liberated by opening navigation in rivers which are frozen over during cold winters. submarines, which could be employed for blasting away the ice formations.

MANY attempts have frequently over large areas. During very inclement close the circuit through the batteries and been made to open river naviga- weather it is dangerous to risk the life of ignite the time fuse. This time fuse is so tion, which, due to severe weather, the aviator, and the airplane itself cannot regulated that the submarine has plenty of may be frozen up for a good part carry a sufficient number of bombs to permit opportunity to get out of the way of the of the winter season. Tug boats have at- of thorough work over large areas. bursting bomb. Water being practically in- tempted to crash through the ice and even For these reasons it has been suggested compressible, it may be readily noted that the planting of dynamite charges has been that the submarine be used to overcome the force of the explosion just beneath the resorted to. There are many obstacles to surface of the ice would break up the ice be overcome in those methods now in vogue formation in a manner second to none. Even and no doubt there will be objections to the Keep your eyes open for the the fact that the bomb may come up to the particular method here outlined, but it seems February issue of SCIENCE AND surface in an area where there is no ice, has that this idea has fewer disagreeable fea- INVENTION magazine containing been taken into consideration. When the tures than any of the systems heretofore the list of prize winners in our re- safety pin is withdrawn there is an opening suggested. cent CLOCK SPRING Contest. leading directly into the air chamber. This Let us look into the method of planting The judges are still busy in select- opening is _located beneath the waterline of dynamite charges in the frozen ice. Here ing the prize winning ideas and the bomb, which, because of the peculiar men must place the charges by hand and their decisions will be published in formation of the air chamber, must always either time fuses or electric fuses are em- the next issue. Also, don't forget come up to the surface in an upright posi- ployed to detonate the dynamite. In event the $5,000.00 Matchcraft Contest. tion. The opening is large enough ,o permit that the ice is partly hard and soft in spots, Further information concerning this water to pour into the air chamber so that or not frozen at all, over certain areas, due, will be found on page 819. two or three minutes after the bomb is re- perhaps, to turbulent waters, the person plac- leased, if it does not explode on the surface, ing the charges risks his life constantly. it sinks to the bottom and there detonates. Tug boats cannot possibly break through the difficulties under which the other sys- It is better to have the bomb destroyed in very heavy ice formations in a short space tems must operate. The inventor believes this manner than to permit it to float around of time, and thousands of dollars are lost that if the submarines were equipped with as a menace to navigation. yearly because river navigation cannot be bombs suitably provided with air chambers The location of the submarine could be opened soon enough to prevent perishables so that they would float to the surface, and always corrected by means of the radio com- and live stock from suffering because of contained a charge of high explosive, many pass and by means of sound rangings. In their non -delivery. of the drawbacks would be overcome. These this way, the submerged vessel would never The airplane has been tried and, for sev- bombs are made as shown in the illustration be in danger of striking any vessels frozen eral reasons, it is unsuited for this particular above. There is a series of contact pins fast in the ice and it could also be directed kind of work. First, the charges dropped located aound the periphery of the bomb through tortuous rivers and dangerous from the airplane are invariably scattered which, on coming in contact with the ice, channels.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 801 Harnessing Bay of Fundy's Tides

NEtv BP2/ Powen II use 3rÇDAM Z"`f DAM HIGH T/ O£ GATES 11 . \LEVEL CLOSED GATES OPEN /DrivA

WATER TURB/NE(CANRUNONLOIVHEAII/ /. e. CONT/NUOUS

DYNAMOS RUNNING TI/RDINES GATE CLOSE AND DRIVING DYNAMOS GATES /00 Sq. MILES OPEN AREA UPP£R N22 /23 POOL. AN S//AeT

A proposed system of harnessing the tides in the Bay of Fundy is illustrated here. In this remarkable bay the tide rises as high as 27 feet. Inasmuch as the rise is sometimes irregular, OCEANAT of are made to fill a POOL the tides are not made use directly but Low£TI LOW TINE huge storage pool formed by a natural bay and a dam. This 50 So MI. AREA storage pool is then used to generate electricity as shown in the simplified diagrams at the right. The complete system is EMPTIES THRU THIRD thoroughly described in the text. A map of the Bay of DAM INTO BAY OF FUNDY Fundy with proposed dams is shown above. AT Low TIDE

will be emptied has been dream of continuous dependable power will be at the Water from the lower pool TIDAL power the sea at low tide by opening the many engineers, but so far practi- rate of 3,268,000,000 kilowatt hours a year. back into the In the Bay of Fundy scheme gates in the third dam, as the diagrams show. cally none of this vast natural power other words, for this for the benefit of has latent power possibilities four times It will be seen that if it was not has been applied would fill the smaller or of the reasons why engi- greater than those of the Wilson Dam plant. third dam the tide man. Possibly one lower basin at the same time and to the neers and their financial backers have hesi- Comparing the Muscle Shoals plant with Bay Fundy development, it same level as the upper basin, and thus the tated to build the necessary storage reser- the proposed of had at is interesting to note that when the Tennes- turbines could not operate until the tide voirs or basins in which to trap water so. River is full, this plant will develop fallen to its lowest point again, or nearly high tide, this being one of the principal see has is due 600,000 horse-power, and only 100,000 horse- Thus it will be seen that Mr. Cooper features of the methods advocated, out his proposed power when the river is low ; the Bay of very ingeniously worked to the fact that, except for a few locations the is not so Fundy power site will, it is estimated, pro- development for exploiting the tides of on the earth, the tidal rise and fall utilizing the two basins instance, at the Bay of vide at least 500,000 horse-power steadily. Bay of Fundy, for by great as it is, for and the three dams, he is able to operate his off the northeast coast of Maine. Engineer Cooper states further that eventu- Fundy, just to water turbines and dynamos 24 hours a day Startling as it may seem to those who have ally the power developed can be increased of of the 700,000 horse-power, sufficient to supply all if he so desires. The dam at the mouth not seen this daily rise and fall have to be about 4,000 famous location rises New England and more. the upper pool will waters, the tide at this feet, nearly a mile, in length, and 70 feet 21 27 feet twice a day. 150 SQ. MI. and falls from to AREA OF RESERVOIRS in height. This great wall will contain 33 Mr. Dexter P. Cooper, a leading Ameri- from lower so inter- The accompanying sectional diagrams and massive gates. The opening the can hydraulic engineer, has become have to be closed by a of harnessing these map show the simplicity of this scheme for pool to the sea will ested in the possibilities harnessing the tides of the Bay of Fundy. dam about half a mile long, provided with great tides of the Bay of Fundy, that he inter- The storage reservoirs are divided into lower an adequate number of gates, which will be finally got the whole state of Maine and as shown result that, within the and upper pools. The upper pool or main operated as aforementioned ested also, with the storage reservoir will have an area of ap- by the diagrams. The intermediate power next few years, we may see one of the great- lower and lower at this point proximately 100 square miles, and the house dam, separating the upper est water power developments pool one of about 50 square miles. The pools, will be about 3,600 feet in length. that the world has yet witnessed. gates of the upper storage reservoir will be Power houses will be built on the dam. GREATER THAN MUSCLE SHOALS opened as the tide rises and a vast amount Mr. Cooper estimates that it will require The possibilities for power development of water will be thus impounded from the a regiment of men, or about 5,000, working at the Bay of Fundy location are consider- sea. At maximum high tide and when the over a period of five years to construct the ably greater than at the famous Muscle water level inside the upper storage reser- huge dams and gates. The monetary cost Shoals power dam. In a recent interview voir is the same as that outside the gates, of this huge operation would run up to about with Mr. Cooper, he said that the greatest they will be closed. Water will be released X75,000,000. One of the problems the engi- possible development at Wilson Dam, Muscle practically continuously, according to Mr. neers had to figure on was the fact that the Shoals, is 700,000,000 kilowatt hours a year, Cooper's plans, through the power house state of Maine has a law prohibiting the while at the Bay of Fundy the amount of dam and water turbines into the lower pool. (Continued on page 873)

www.americanradiohistory.com 802 Science and Invention for January, 7926 Orthophonic Radio Phonograph A Remarkable Combination Talking Machine and Radio Receiving Set, Which Gives Perfect Voice Reproduc- tion with Full Volume of Original Voice, Band or Orchestra. By H. Winfield Secor, E. E.

LOUD SPEAKER 31NAY LOUD SPEAKER VOLUME UNIT '\ 'VALVE TONE ARM CONTROL

8 TUBE INSTRUMENT LAMP RADIO SET RADIO CATA- PICK UP POWER COMB SOUK BOX INLET VOLUME CONTROL TRANSFER \ JACK FOR FROM RADIO TO SPEAKER ELECT TALS LOOP MOTOR CONTROL RES'STANCE - LOOP

HORN BACK BATTERY SHELVES

AIN POWER SWITCH / 3 WAY VALVE CONTROL KNOB,'

RECTIFiFR- POWER AMFt::fFlER'

Photographs at the left and right show the front and rear views respectively of the orthophonic radio phonograph. All of the component parts are plainly labeled and by reading the text, you will learn all about this wonderful new development in the radio and phonograph field.

THIS seems to be an epochal year in tune of the vocal and instrumental selections sical scale. This means that the very low the realm of radio and phonograph on the new orthophonic talking machine. as well as the very high vibrations were development. A short time ago we THE ORTHOPHONIC SOUND BOX never heard at all on the old style talking described a wonderful new talking machine. This also holds true for all of The two most important factors involved the average type radio speakers. machine known as the panatrope, in which in the orthophonic phonograph lie first in loud the full volume of the original orchestra, folded horn as is Extended research in reproduced means the new type of it called, work the acoustical band, organ or voice is by and which is shown in the accompanying laboratories of the American Telephone and of an electrical pick-up traveling over the photographs special drawings; and sec- Telegraph Company and Western aid a and the Elec- record, together with the of vacuum ondly, in the sound box and its diaphragm. tric Company, together with the aid of the tube amplifier. The electrical output from The majority of talking machine sound box- Victor Talking Machine Company experts. is into a new this amplifier then carried cone es or reproducers which pick up mechanical brought out the fact that the best of all loud speaker developed by the General Elec- materials for results vibrations from the record and translate them a sound box diaphragm was trical Company engineers and the into sound waves which are projected down- duralumin, now widely used for airplane obtained with this clever combination of horn, have used mica construction. This new new ideas in ward and out of the material when tried scientific are fully described diaphragms. A number of other materials in the form of a diaphragm of the proper the November issue of this journal. have been tried from time to time, but the shape, proved that it could respond to sound A short time ago the writer was present old stand-by has been mica. As good as frequencies over 5y octaves, or from about at a demonstration of the latest brain child this material has proven for many years in 100 up to 5.000 vibrations per second, which of the Western Electric Company and Vic- its utilization for sound box diaphragms, it covers practically the whole scale of speech tor Talking Machine Company engineers, was limited in the range of vibrations which or music, so far as the human ear is con- and he was very agreeably surprised at the it could cover, namely, about 350 to 3,000 cerned. Mica diaphragms also had the unde- faithful reproduction, as well as the vol-vol - a second, or about three octaves on the mu - sirable property of vibrating in sympathy

e." 3 WAY SOUND ELEC. PICK-UP WALL -.- VALVE PHONOGRAPH ARM 8 TUBE SUPER -HET. I OR MORE LOUD FINGER DISC SPEAKERS CAN BE SPEAKER JACK iiiI THREE WAY SOUND BOX 1 FOR ROTATING OPERATED FROM PROVI DED SOJND VALVE LOOP PHONOGRAPH OR RADIO --,fif,lftim, ELEC. PHONOGRAPH MOTOR LOUD SPEAKER GEAR 1 FIG. 7 TONE ARM-. .-L.SPEAKER

V.T. RECTIFIER 110V. AZ. AND AMPLIFIER RECTIFIER ELEC. PICK-UP COIL OPERATING SUPER -MET OR THO - III PHONIC r HORN -+ 111 ' `-.ELEC. 1\ LOUD SPEAKER LOOP TO V SOCKET AERIAL I LAMP 3WAY SOUND VALVE FIG 6 FI G. 8 FIG. 9

Fie. 6 shows that several loud speakers can be used with this new com- and Fig. 8, with electric pick-up coil, through amplifier and to loud speaker, bination phonograph and radio set so as to reproduce the sound in any part result being tremendous volume. Fig. 9 shows component parts being used of the house. Fig. 7 shows operation with standard phonograph reproducer for the reproduction of incoming radio signals.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 803

with certain musical notes. The new ortho- of the points particularly watched, and it phonic sound box has a diaphragm which is was interesting to note in regard to air corrugated or ridged in a certain fashion in leaks how the tone arm had been rede- order to give it rigidity and also to prevent signed so as to be practically air -tight at its any sympathetic vibrations which the dia- base, where it joined the orthophonic ampli- phragm might try to assume. This new fying horn; secondly, the sound passageway sound box is claimed to obviate all blasting, through the tone arm was designed to con- which is common to many radio loud speak- tinually expand, without having any abrupt ers and phonographs of the ordinary type. right-angle bends. With many of the old THE ORTHOPHONE HORN style tone arms, the sound waves coming Taking up the new orthophonic, phono- from the reproducer diaphragm only traveled find a few inches, when they were reflected sharp- graph in a general way, we that the ly by larger size machine costing a little under a right-angle bend at a joint in the center of the tone arm. These reflected sound waves or echoes created blasting, and also caused many of the finer notes to be weak-

Photographs above and at the left show the beautiful cabinet in which this new combined radio and phonograph is housed. In the view at the left, the front screen has been removed so as to show the (-.(« horn openings. The phantom view at the right shows the construction of the folded horn which gives a res- onating chamber 6 feet long yet is all contained within the cabinet. The dotted lines show in general the paths of the sound waves but it must be remembered that the sounds issue from both left and right of the top and bottom open- ings. >

$300.00 has a massive folded wooden horn long horn which is needed to allow this ened or entirely destroyed by the time the within it, the length of the sound path sound wave to vibrate or resonate with full music or speech emerged from the opening through this horn being six feet or seventy- power, that a small phonograph or loud of the sound chamber or horn. two inches-some horn you will agree. speaker horn about one to 11/2 feet long can One of the men familiar with the experi- One of the accompanying diagrams show only reproduce these low notes by resonating ments carried on in the laboratory in devel- the length of the average sound wave in air harmonics or partial tones of the fundamen- oping the new orthophonic horn said that corresponding to, let us say, a baritone note. tal note. In some cases it is possible to get while a six foot horn might seem long to The sound wave here shown in connection fair results by building up certain harmonics the layman, the ultimate in sound reproduc- with one of the new horns is six feet, but of the fundamental note, but it is not the tion would be obtained by means of a horn even a 4/ foot horn, corresponding to a 4/ preferred method by any means. twenty feet in length. One of these days sound wave in air will give very wonderful Another important scientific point which we probably will be buying phonographs reproduction on the lower notes of the mu- phonograph manufacturers have constantly with twenty feet of horn folded or spirally sical scale, as was pointed out to the writer ignored for years is a fact which acoustical concentrated within its case, but the phono- several years ago by Professor Dayton C. experts have always known, which is That graph experts tell us that the new six foot Miller, of the Case School of Applied Sci- there should be no air leaks or right angle horn reproduces and builds up practically all ence, who is one of our leading acoustical bends along the sound amplifying passage. of the main vibrations over the 5/ octave experts. Also, the walls of the horn should be rigid scale, so necessary for first-class vocal and It will be seen from the accompanying dia- -only the air column should vibrate. In the instrumental sound reproduction. gram of the six foot sound wave and the orthophonic talking machine this was one (Continued on ¡rape 875) l AXIAL LENGTH OF HORN WAVE LENGTH 6 FT. 41 TO 6 FT. FUNDAMENTAL WAVE SHELF SOUND BOX

FIG. 4

L.SPEAKER ON HERE T 'y .."PHONOGRAPH Ip FT. HORN SOUND BOX

6 FT. HORN

FIG. I FIG. 2 FIG. 5

Fig. I shows standard phonograph with ordinary horn and Fig. 2 indicates phonograph or radio loud speaker. Fig. 5 shows how short horn will respond how larger resonating chamber tan be obtained. Figs. 3 and 4 give construc- only to harmonics of certain wave-lengths whereas a horn of the same length tional hints for building horns of this nature for your own use on present as the wave responds to full wave.

www.americanradiohistory.com 804 Science and Invention for January, 1926 You Weigh Most on Ocean Island There Are Several Things Governing the Weight of Bodies on the Earth's Surface and They Are Revealed in This Informative Article. By Ernest Brennecke, Jr.

A MAN WEIGHS LESS AT BECAUSE A MAN WEIGHS MORE AT B DUE TO OF THE LESSER GRAVITATIONAL PULL THE INCREASED GRAVITATIONAL PULL. OF THE LIGHTER MATTER UNDERNEATH OF THE HEAVIER MATTER UNDERNEATH

V ( A AND B AT EQUAL LEVELS MOUNTAINS SEA LEVEL ISLAND

OCEAN

0F.NSFP MATTER HERE

TTER =WEIGHT OP SEAS +.L)ENSER-MATTER

EQUAL PRESSURE AT ALL POINTS ON THIS LEVEL

The cross-section of a portion of the earth's surface shown above will assist wherein it is explained why a man on an ocean island, as at B, weighs the reader in understanding the explanatory paragraphs in the article below, more than one at an equal altitude, in the location at A. CURIOUS fact was brought to ried on chiefly by the U. S. Coast and Geo- Thus an object in Albany, N. Y., for exam- light recently by Prof. Horace detic Survey, by the highly trained British ple, will "weigh" less than an object of equal Lamb, the distinguished mathema- Survey of India, and by various observers mass in Hawaii. A tician and President of the British on the Continent of Europe. "If we imagine," said Prof. Lamb, "a Association for the Advancement of Science, "Briefly," said Prof. Lamb, "the general level surface to be drawn at a depth of about in his inaugural address before that body. result is this, that in mountainous regions 60 miles, the stratum of matter above this, It is generally known that as we climb up the observed value of gravity is abnormally though varying in density from point to above the sea -level our bodies weigh less low, whilst on oceanic islands, and so far point, is approximateley uniform, in the and less, due to decreased gravitational pull as can be ascertained on the sea, it is ab- sense that equal areas of the surface in ques- as we increase the distance between ourselves normally large, when all allowance has been tion bear equal weights. The altitude of the and the center of the earth. made for altitude and the normal variation mountains is compensated by the inferior What is not so familiar is the later dis- with latitude. The fact that this has been density of the underlying matter, whilst the e,very that even at equal altitudes above sea - found to be the case in so many different oceanic hollows are made up for by increased level a man will weigh more if he is stand- places, shows that we have here to deal with density beneath. casual phenomenon." ing on an island in the ocean (Hawaii, for no is highly plausible on he stands accepted by Prof. Lamb "This suggests, as instance) than he will weigh if The explanation grounds, matter in the interior is that is denser matter under other that the in mountainous inland country (at Albany, briefly there stratum referred to, N. Y., for instance, between the Catskill the oceans, to a depth of 60 miles, while un- of the earth, below the and Adirondack Mountains.) der the mountains there is lighter matter to is in a state of purely hydrostatic stress. i. Of course the difference in weight is very a depth of 60 miles. The denser matter e., of pressure uniform in all directions. So slight; but it has now been established by causes a greater pull of gravity upon objects far as this stratum is concerned, it might repeated experiments of great delicacy, car- on the surface, and the lighter matter, less. be floating on an internal globe of liquid." To What Uses Can You Put Old Celluloid Sheets? wants to 3-In event of ties the full amount of the prize SCIENCE AND INVENTION be awarded to each tying con- know what kind of useful articles can be made $100.00 IN PRIZES tied for will out of old photographic films or other sheets of testant. celluloid. In order to present the hest uses for First Prize $25.00 4-Films may be cemented, cut, steamed or readers, we are offering pressed to form objects. this material to our Second Prize 15.00 5-No prizes will be awarded for articles de- $100.00 in prizes for suggestions for the best uses 10.00 of old films. Dig out some of your old camera Third Prize scribed previously. as well as might $5.00 each 20.00 6-A rough sketch and a description of fifty films that did not turn out they Four Prizes of words or less per object are required. Models and see if you ca.. make something out of them Six Prizes of $3.00. each 18.00 are not required but may be entered. that will be useful, interesting and novel. Note cel- of -while prizes that we Six Prizes of $2.00 each 12.00 (CAUTION: Do not send inflammable the large number worth luloid articles through the mails). are offering and follow the contest rules care- 7-Contest closes in New York on Wednesday. fully. $100.00 Dec. 30th at noon. All contributions must CONTEST CONDITIONS he in our hands at that time. Address entries 1-The article must be made from old photo- to Editor. Old Film Contest. c/o SCIENCE 1 graphic films of any size or similar celluloid 2-The number of entries per contestant is not R INVENTION, 53 Park Place, New York sheets. limited. City.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 805 How Huge Photographs Are Made Panoramas 39 Feet Long Are Developed at Night in the Open Air

The long panoramic photographs recently prepared by a German concern bring to mind the enormous camera designed by a Chicago engineer and illus- trated at the left. With a bellows extension of 21 feet, the camera took pictures on a glass plate having an area of 42 square feet. The complete apparatus weighed 1,564 pounds and had to be transported on a freight car.

A photograph of the Gulf of Naples was recently prepared 39 feet long by 4 feet 9% inches wide in dimension. It was made in six sections and the original plates from which the enlargements were made measured only 8 x 101/2 inches. After the enlargements were made on a long roll of sensi- tized paper, a specially designed drum and series of washing and fixing troughs had to be employed. These were placed out in the open air and all of the work on the light sensitive film up to the final washing and drying had to be done at night.

The illustration above shows the enormous panorama on the drum 41 feet in circumference. Here it was developed, washed and then submitted to a fixing bath. The entire surface of the paper was immersed in the various solutions, a portion at a time. The drum was kept in constant rotation so as to insure as nearly perfect development as possible. Then the under exposed parts were treated with strong developer and the over -exposed parts with acetic acid.

After the developed panorama had been immersed for 20 minutes in a bath of acetic acid, it was washed and fixed for three-quarters of an hour. Then it was washed in run- ning water for 8 hours and dried for 10 hours. The finished reproduction was then retouched by skillful ar- tists, working as shown at the right. Thus the small imperfections were covered up. Photos Courtesy Die Umschau.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 Shielded Mooring Mast

Ir

11N

Off!

The fact that the United States dirigible "Shenandoah" and the British R33 both broke away from their mooring masts during high wind storms shows that something should be done to protect these leviathans of the air from such stresses. A dirigible windshield designed as shown above would prob- ably have prevented these accidents as there would be little if any strain on the dirigible's nose. The entire shield swings sideways with the ship. -Francis Boyd.

Balloon Jumping Sport

FROM London we have received word of the very latest fad in the line of sports. All that you have to do to indulge in this exhilarating pastime is to provide yourself with a small balloon that is not quite buoy- ant enough to lift you completely off of the ground. This is to be strapped to your body by means of a suitable harness and you are ready to go out and jump over a house, across a wide stream and even over fences and trees. A slight push of your feet against the earth will send you many feet into the air. You will float back toward the ground and if your balloon is filled properly, you will land as light as a breeze - blown thistle. By properly directing the pressure against the ground and possibly by manipulating the body while in the air it should not take long for anyone to soon place himself in control of his balloon, so that he can land at almost any desired spot within reason. Races with balloons of this sort would undoubtedly be great fun and the danger would be very slight. Obstacle races of course would be the most fun be- cause you then bring the advantages of the balloons into full play. We hope to soon see this sport developed by some American balloon manufacturer in this country.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 807 Radio Controlled Air Mail Planes

TELL-TALE PLANE. POSITION. »a' SIGNAL --_

RADIO CONTRO, PARACHUTE? WAVE MAiL BAG MAIL_ BAG -'r; RAD'O CONTROL r -TOWER CONTROL STATION FRANCE `5 ENC;LAND w CALAIS PARIS LONDON DOVER BACK VIEW ihAMP" J/-TRANSPARENT AERIAL IN WINGS APERTURE IN GLASS MAGNET RADIO CLOSED PARACHUTES APPARATUS FOLDED UP

RADIO CONTROL MAIL BAGS FOR LEVERS RADIO CONTROLLED RA 510 DROPPING MAIL BAGS MAGNETIC DOOR CONTROL AND STEERING; TRAP APPARATUS PELEASE D002 AL5O FOR STEERS AND STOPPING PLANES MAIL 5TOPSPLANE; ALSO B FiG DROPS MAILSWHENDESIRED

Of French design is the radio controlled air mail plane illustrated in detail server at one of the terminals thus showing the exact location of the plane and in operation above. A continuous series of signals sent out from the plane at any time. The details of this mechanism are given in the center illustra- will illuminate apertures in a ground glass screen placed in front of an ob - tion. The mail is dropped by parachutes. -H. T. Wilkins. Padded Ring Holds Dirigible

REVOLVING RING,

SPRIHGSUSPEHDED PADDED RING

A new type of nose suspen- sion for dirigibles is illus- trated in the photograph at the left. This unusual de- vice is designed to be at- tached to the top of a tower and the nose of the airship is to be drawn into it as shown in the illustration di- rectly above. A revolving ring at the top of the tower enables the dirigible to swing around and keep headed into the wind.- H. W. S.

www.americanradiohistory.com SOS Science and Invention for January, 192Ò Freak Lightning Bolt Dodges Transformer By HORACE THOMPSON

Two most unusual things are illustrated directly above. The first fea- is that it shows the lightning bolt on the extreme right dodging a power ture is a most extraordinary one, but not only because it depicts two transformer on a 60,000 volt transmission line. Although the currents set separate and distinct flashes of forked lightning. This fact alone is enough up in the lines by the lightning threw automatic switches, still no damage to make the picture worthy of consideration. The second unusual feature was done either to the wires or to the equipment on the lines. Eyes That Talk

A new secret method of communication be- tween two parties has recently been de- veloped by A. Honigman of Montreal, Can- ada. The system uses the eyes, placed in various positions to denote certain things such as numerals as shown.

The inventor of this system, shown above with his daughter, claims that stage. In this system, the facial muscles are not used at alL Only almost he can transmit messages to her almost as fast as even a rapid speaker imperceptible movements of the eyes transmit intelligence. It is claimed can talk. The method entails the learning of a code that can be changed that with a little practice, anyone can become an expert with this code to suit individual purposes. It is said that many police forces are inter- and can make up his own system of communication that will be strictly ested in it, and that it is also adaptable to mind-reading artists on the private. It should prove a boon to detectives.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 Sound Indicates Airplane Speed

This new sound indicator of airplane speeds is the invention of a French scientist, M. Le Duc de Gra- mont de Guiche, and was recently exhibited at the French Academy of Science. The principle of the speed indicator is as follows: The small wind propeller rotates a dynamo and the current from the dynamo cause a sound to be heard in the head phone. The note heard in the phone changes with varying speeds. The pilot soon learns to interpret the different notes.

_.----""'-

TO INDICATE TO INDICATE SPEED BY SIDE GUSTS SOUND PERMANENT PHONES MAGNET POSITION

DYNAMO DYNAMOS TOOTHED ROTORS WIND DRIVEN SCREW MAGNETIC FLUX PATH INTERRUPTED AT TWO POINTS The three illustrations herewith show the new airplane speed indicator in detail as well as in actual use. A small alter- 4- PERMANENT STEEL nating current dynamo is mounted in a suitable position on MAGNET the wings or struts, and the faster the plane goes, the great- er the speed of the wind driven dynamo. The potential of the alternating current delivered by the dynamo varies in practically direct proportion to the speed at which it is driven by the propeller. Any variations in airplane speed FIXED INDUCED CURRENT NOTE HEARD therefore, changes the pitch of the sound heard in the tele- TO PHONES phone receivers worn on the pilot's head. The dynamo com- COIL IS HIGHER WITH prises a permanent steel magnet field, while the magnetic INCREASED SPEED f flux from this magnet in its path through the induction coil, is interrupted by the rotating toothed wheels mounted on the Lieutenant Thoret, French pilot, tried this speed indicator and found it very satisfactory. One propeller shaft. The faster the propeller shaft turns, the of the diagrams above shows two of these speed indicators arranged on either wing to indicate greater the number of interruptions per second, and the the presence of side wind gusts, which indication will be given before the movement of the plane' higher the note heard in the phones. disclosed it by rocking. Peculiar Properties of Water

WATER RISES EXPANSION WATER PIPE BURST BY IN TUBE TANK FREEZING 1, l'3 iii, a v ¡¡ ` g. i.,, I, b' / / \U - } /.. I ,, e,;1\V7NIinH, W ) f,_1,- i r ljll , a - -ry,

1 RADIATOR :::: ,fige,-- _ f h .. % 1, a , . i 7/-¡_ 5 ' a - $:L . (/ \`o i,%.4, ' __ - _ .. ICE WATER < _ i%"" _ 'I º -'/ ' 11111111111 // i ` .. 4/ -%i . . i,vi. . . *d ' . HOT WATER !" WHEN WATER WqceP-"pATET- FURNACE k FREEZES IN AUTO / WATER AT = _ MOBILE RADIATORS ° _ --- . C AI _ --__ _ _ { IT BURSTS THE BOTTOM-- PIPES. // 7 = ,p 1/,/, ,I I?ILI F GG.. / ..:G%i When heated, water expands and in On the other hand, water will also The maximum density of water is at The properties of water mentioned the experiment at the left above, expand when subjected to a tempera- 4° Centigrade. - Below that point it are the saviors of maritime life. Fish water in a flask when heated, rises ture of less than 4' Centigrade. expands and eventually forms ice. can live under the ice and during in tube. This is the reason for the Freezing water will burst a pipe or Therefore, ice rises to expansion -the surface hot weather they can retreat to the tank used in connection the radiator of an automobile. Water and only under intense cold will a cooler water inasmuch with so-called hot water as the warm furnaces. in milk freezes with effect shown. body of water freeze to the bottom. water rises to the surface.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 Advertising by Odor

Although the average person does not realize it, many of the human emotions are dependent to a greater or lesser extent upon the stimulation of the organs of smell. Odors have the power to stimulate various functions of the body and particularly is this true in con- nection with the senses that are employed during the process of assimulating food. One of our correspondents has put forth in a humorous way an advertising sug- gestion that is actually more serious than it appears at first glance. Our illustrations show his idea.

01 0o6s' lof

upon its by We all know the desires that are aroused within us upon smelling some Restaurants could also utilize the effect of odors patrons particularly enticing odor. Undoubtedly open air stands of the type projecting the smell from the particular specialty of the day into the gastronomical desires of the public would dining room by means of an electric fan or blower located as shown in shown above that cater to the Kaufman. be more attractive if fitted with "odor directors" of the type illustrated. the above illustration. -A As a Worm Sees Golf

In order to study the position assumed and the method by which a correct drive in golf should be made, the unique ar- rangement illustrated at the right was pressed into service. A piece of 3/ -inch plate glass was mounted on a framework and the movie camera, situated directly below it, was focused up through the glass. A golf player took his position on top and drove off from the glass. The resulting pictures were most un- usual and one of them is reproduced directly above.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 811 Can We See Atoms? By DR. JOSEPH M. HOWARD

-CUBE I3 - SIZE OF A DUST SPECK VISIBLE TO aim IIII EYE.

' 11II

--CUBE 19 - JUST VISIBLE IN THE FIELD OF A HIGH POWERED - FIG.1- MICROSCOPE

The early Roman philosophers often argued the question of the structure of matter. One school insisted that a cube of any substance could be subdivided indefinitely, while the other school theorized that if the process of cutting were carried out, we would finally arrive at a particle which could not be made smaller. They called this an "atom" which signifies "indi- visible." Modern chemistry and physics have upheld the latter school until recently and now we hold that all matter is built up of atoms, and the atom of a nucleus and electrons. -FIG.3- Fig. 1 represents a cube of iron a foot on each Cube No. 13 will be only 1/1000th of an inch Fig. 3 above shows how dust particles may be side. Imagine the cube cut along each of the across and so small that it will be practically in- made visible by passing a beam of light through dotted lines, forming eight smaller cubes. Con- visible to the eye. Yet this cube has 1,000,000,- the air in which they are suspended. This prin- tinue the cutting operation on one of the small 000,000,000 atoms within it. Cube No. 19 is ciple is applied to the ultra -microscope illustrated cubes. 1/60th as large and cannot be seen without a in Fig. 4. Without using this principle, the microscope. smallest particle visible to a high powered m'- croscope contains millions of atoms.

ORDINARY LIGHT WAVES 50,000 WAVES PER INCH LAM P MOLECULE OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID ---- PROJECTING CONTAINING TWO ATOMS BOUND TOGETHER. POWERFUL 50.000.000 ATOMS PER INCH BEAM OF OR 1000 ATOMS PER LIGHT LIGHT WAVE. © © © © O O © -FIGS-

RECEPTACLE © CONTAINING MOLECULE OF ALCOHOL --- MATTER FOR CONTAINING NINE ATOMS BOUND TOGETHER EXAMINATION CUBE Nº.19 CONTAINS Molecules are combinations of atoms bound to- -I0,000.000, 000,000 ATOMS gether as a single unit. Any number is possible but the more complicated ones are likely to be For any object to be visible it must reflect light. rather difficult to prepare. The upper part of It is obvious that the atoms are far too small to Fig. 6 shows a molecule of hydrochloric acid - FIG.4 - reflect light. Cube No. 19 is slightly larger than which consists of one atom of hydrogen and one With the ultra -microscope illustrated above, a wave of light and can be seen directly. The of chlorine. This is a very simple combination cube No. 26 would be the last one that could smaller cubes are not actually visible in the light, and on the other hand, "wine" alcohol is more be seen. It contains about 64 atoms and it is but scatter the light to one side and produce complicated, as it consists of nine atoms bound evident that we can never see an atom. bright streaks visible in the ultra -microscope. together. Revolving Truck Loader

European inventors often show us valuable tricks. Here is one that enables a driver to quickly and easily load the heaviest barrel onto a truck. It is built lightly but strongly and costs but little.

This new truck loader consists of a metal platform supported by iron beams forward on the ground until it rests on the metal extension as in the left which is free to revolve around a fixed horizontal shaft attached to the photograph above. The truck is then slowly and carefully moved forward solid framework at the back of the truck. The device, invented by M. Biblis and the loading platform revolves as it cannot slip along the ground, raising of Bayonne. France, operates as follows: To load a barrel on the truck, the the barrel as in the center photograph. When the platform comes to a level metal platform is swung over and lowered to the ground, the barrel is rolled with the truck body, the barrel is pushed forward upon the truck. -H. T. Wilkins.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 The Month's Science News Illustrated Illustrated by George Wall

LAKE

BUILDISG

Upon a farm near Idaho Springs, Tenn., a lake nearly an acre in extent and famous for its plentiful sup- ply of fish recently disappeared b e c a use Working over a period of three years, engineers the roof of a huge have succeeded in raising the town of Nor- cavern under it col- wich, England, 5 feet above its normal level. lapsed and all of the This was done without the least inconvenience water was drained off. to the people living in the houses or working in the stores and even traffic was not stopped. The work was necessitated by the fact that the town was sinking, due to the mining operations. STATION

ELECTRIC i WIRES EXPRESS

5Tti71oN 150FT.4 -X' 1i0GATEMAN GÂTE © -R PRESENT o

On account of the absence of a gateman from a railroad crossing two men were instantly killed and a third was seriously injured. A local train, in the position shown, concealed an eastbound express from the automobile driver. The car was thrown to 1, the injured man to 2, and the two dead bodies were found at 3.

A short-circuit between wires carrying electricity recently caused a devastating fire in Arrouxville, France. Two small birds were the cause of this fire, which damaged 15 houses.

In B e r l i n, Germany, the "public bob" has been intro- raised The cause of bursting water mains is not duced. Seated on a BURSTING dais in the center of a public WATER always known and it is interesting to note it is sometimes caused by the exercise of garden, the "victim" is shorn MAIN that her locks with much pomp too much economy on the part of the manu- of material, and ceremony. The fad has facturer of the water pipe. To save popular such pipe has been made thin in the center as become very and pub- shown, although the ends seemed to indicate lic hair -cuts are said to be in great demand. that the proper thickness of material has been (0)1925 BYSCIENCE Be used throughout. INVENTION

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 813

66®-

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.:seM)se4,ed F) ThlNos THE MAN WHO Folks 1\ ...;.:., ` /rRNiNLERAI' _ \ ¡'-AJDU'a ,.. _lN Dee> MYSTIFIED .--- ó Prince of Wales, Ex -President totVs , . ..; punninsrt ',Atom1111, Pia. to Harding, Taft, Roosevelt, Pres. pIOREflRO G MIST NUS pg d BY NADIp Coolidge and other celebrities Dunninger Will Attempt Writes Exclusively for To HypnotiacPatient, Reade Mayor -'r forer Mind SCIENCE FIND INVENTION 10 Miles Away, be Ratio' NO. 34 OF A SERIES SPRAY 1 Spirit Pictures: The magician playing the IN LAMP rile of a medium sits before a large canvas SHIELD covered frame placed on an easel. A lamp with a powerful light is fixed directly behind the canvas, rendering it transparent. As the medium goes into a trance and the lights are lowered, a picture in colors gradually forms. This effect is produced by an assistant below the stage, who holds in his SOLUTION OF hand a bottle containing a solution of po- POTASSIUM tassium prussiate. A tube leading from the PRUSSIATE bottle runs through the light stand through which the solution is sprayed upon the canvas. The canvas itself has been pre- viously painted with solutions of iron sul- ATOMIZER phate, bismuth nitrate and copper sulphate for blue, yellow and brown colors respec- tively. When these solutions dry they are invisible. It is preferable to lightly outline BELOW the picture to be painted with a pencil be- fore applying the solutions. STAGE

Magic Tumbler: The effect of this mysterious trick is attained by very sample apparatus. The magician's assistant comes RING forth with a thin metal tray holding a large tumbler of IN wine. The conjurer covers the glass with a silk handker- HANDKERCHIEF chief and removes it from the tray. Tossing the kerchief into the air the glass and its liquid contents have apparently vanished. The telltale diagrams accompanying disclose the secret. The glass itself is nothing more than a sheet of celluloid held in position as here illustrated in a semi -circular form by means of a thread. The celluloid is painted to resemble wine. When the thread is released the piece of celluloid falls flat upon the tray and is invisible. A metal ring placed in a pocket in a handkerchief of the same size as the supposed glass enhances the illusion. i

The Ghost Frame: This particular offering has been used by the author for a number of years and holds the distinc- tion of having mystified some of the cleverest and best posted magicians in the country. It consists of a large wooden frame in which is fixed a sheet of glass. A flap which opens up as illustrated is hinged to the affair. The flap being shown empty and the glass frame being exhibited, the affair is closed and placed face down upon the table, but in the act of closing, the "flap within a flap" is permitted to fall, exposing the secret contents. With a little practice the magi- cian can manipulate the apparatus with such dexterity that the action of causing the second flap to fall is unobserved by the spectators.

Twentieth Century Mind Reading: In this particular experi- ment an unprepared deck of cards bearing the closest of in- spection is freely shuffled and placed into a glass tumbler. which is held at arm's length by the magician. In spite of the fact that the cards face the audience with their back to the performer, he mysteriously calls the exact rotation of the entire deck reading the cards in front first, and removing one at a time as he reads them. The magician does not have to have his own deck for this experiment as any deck will serve the purpose. Like most good effects the trick is extremely simple, the magician having merely provided him- self with a small mirror disk, attached to a flesh colored band or a ring. The small dental mirrors serve the purpose admirably. One need merely look at the index of the card and name it.

www.americanradiohistory.com 814 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Railroad Switching Problems Here Is An Entirely New Type of Brain Teaser that Will Test Your Reasoning Powers to the Utmost. These Puzzles are Based on Standard Railroad Practice, the Author Being a Railroad Man of Long Experience. By B. M. FAIRBANKS

If you would spend a few hours in the solving of ` . .-_ : some most interesting and absorbing problems, sit - right down now and start in on -those presented `` on this page. You can either puzzle out the prob- lems in your head, perhaps with the aid of a pencil, or if you find this too arduous a task, cut out the little trains and cars shown in the triangles, place them on the tracks according to the directions and move them to solve the problem.

-.141/419 4-4401. PROBLEM 1 Place train A on southbound track to the left of ,`///1 , \\ as indicates. Place empty car, \ switch, facing arrow B, on left end of spur over coal pile. The empty car

íf1 (1;i1 1`1i 111 ' is to be taken away and the loaded one in the train, indicated by black, left on the spur in the fewest possible moves. Trains to be moved and individual cars uncoupled as in actual railroading.

PROBLEM 2 Place train B, right, on main track, facing right. to left of spur. Empty box car, A, to be on spur and to be taken away. Loaded car, indicated by black to be left on spur and the train to proceed on its way after having made the fewest possible moves. )> PROBLEM 3 As below, place train, C, on eastbound track facing 1f right with engine to left of switch. Place cars A on II 'ff. track 2 and cars B on track 4. The black cars on A and B should be to the left and are all marked for _- one destination, together with the black ones on C. Those in A & B must be taken on so that black cars will all come together on train, leaving the others in the yard. Other cars on train C will remain on that train.

Answer 1.-Uncouple engine from train, move forward un- til clear of switch, back on to spur, couple on empty car. Move forward to main line, back up, and couple on to train leaving two rear cars on main track. Move forward again until clear of switch, back on to spur, leave loaded car at end, move back to main track, back up, connect and proceed on your way, Answer 2.-Break train at rear of third car and proceed ahead to switch. Back on to side track and around to main track again. Uncouple engine from train and move to rear of cars ahead, push cars on to spur. Couple on empty cars, on to main track again. Push empty car beyond spur, and uncouple empty car and back up. Push loaded car on spur, uncouple and back to main track, go forward on main track and couple car to empty car, un- couple engine, back up to train, couple on car and pro- ceed on to side track and around to main track, back up to cars, couple on, and proceed. Answer 3.-Uncouple engine from train, go forward, then forward back to ARBA take switch, back to side track, then and track 2. Bring out the four cars, and back four along side track, leave one black car, go forward again, till clear \ of track 2. Back on to track 2, leaving one car and go forward to side track. Back up and leave second black car on side track, go forward to farthest switch, back on to track 4. Couple on remaining cars, and go to side track, back up on side track and leave remaining black car. Co forward. then hack to track 2 leaving the remaining three cars. Uncouple cars, forward to side track, back up beyond switch, go forward, take switch to main track, back up, couple on first car only, go forward, back on to Do not refer to the answers given at the right until you have exhausted your ingenuity with - side track, couple on the three remaining cars, go forward out reaching a satisfactory solution. to main track, back up to train, then proceed.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 815 rsiviagiraarriA. The Latest Inventions

The Various Devices Described Show the Diversified Field of Invention and How the Inventor Can Turn His Ingenuity Successfully In Different Directions

0000000000 USUAL NEW AEVOLV/NG PIANO I SLATS,WORirED STRINGS gy 4 to PEDAL . USUAL PEDALS A new principle developed by John Hays Hammond, Jr., when applied to a pianoforte enables the musician to produce the sonorousness and sustained notes of a pipe organ, yet all of the characteristics of the piano- forte are retained. The effect is had by opening or closing a series of slats operated by a fourth pedal. When closed, a reverberating sound chamber is pro- duced and by opening and closing the slats, a remark- able control of volume may be had. The effect is said to be most surprising.

For the convenience of patrons of a theatre who are waiting at the head of the aisle while the An Eastern usher finds seats for them, the device illustrated _ti concern has placed on the market a product that promises to rival ordinary desk paper in the photographs and drawing above has been stapleing machines because of the ease with which invented. It consists of a small metal box de- it can be used, and on account of the feature of signed to be clamped to the end of a flashlight, an automatic staple ejector, so that the machine within which numbers are so arranged that by cannot under any circumstances become clogged: pressing a lever and turning on the flashlight, a It is loaded with wire staples, and works in the number can be seen through a window in the same manner as a pair of pliers. The machine is front of the box, being stamped out of sheet shown in use above being employed to fasten a metal so that the light can shine through. The sheaf of paper together. -K. B. Murray. number indicates the number of vacant seats. -K. B. Murray.

A novel automobile signal has been designed by a Cali- fornian inventor and takes the form shown in the three photographs above and to the left and right. The signal is actuated by the driver who presses buttons which illuminate lamps in the signal directly in back of the letters L or R, and at the same time the eye indicates the direction in which the vehicle is to turn. When the foot brake is pressed, the word "stop" is illuminated and the eye remains in the center. -H. H. Dunn.

I aJIt Y Lit az1Y a fl $ a 2 ti. 2.2. !C :;E 8 {! a tria! a at it a! St a.!$ 171Z._..- .á:

www.americanradiohistory.com ;16 Science and Invention for- January, 1926 Tarrano the Conqueror SEVENTH INSTALLMENT By. RAY CUMMINGS First American and Canadian Serial Rights

lence unbroken save by the hiss and click of as though absorbed by an interest in the the instruments as the message was sent. scene purely impersonal. Was he going to And then Tarrano ordered thrown upon give himself up? Stand there inactive while himself the lights and sending mirrors so these armed forces of the most powerful that his own image might be available to all world in the Solar System swept down upon of the public and Earth officials who cared him? to look upon it. Within the circle of mir- Abruptly he snapped his instrument back rors he stood drawn to his full height; his to his belt. He had not used it since the eyes flashing, heavy brows lowered, and a hostile lights had appeared. Previously, I sardonic smile-almost a leer-pulling at his knew, he had been watching those lights thin lips. The embodjment of defiance. Yet with the curved ray of the instrument when to those who knew him well-as I was be- the lights themselves had been below the ginning to know him-there was in his eyes horizon. a gleam of irony, as though even in this sit- He turned now to me. "They are here, uation he saw humor. A game, with worlds Jac Hallen. Almost here. And I am at and nations as his pawns-a game wherein, their mercy." His tone was ironic; then it though he had apparently lost, with the con- hardened into grimness. He was addressing fidence of his genius he knew that the hid- me, but I knew it was for Elza's benefit he den move he was about to make would ex- spoke. tricate him. "I came here to Earth, Jac Hallen, well "Enough," he rasped. for certain things. I find them now accom- The mirrors went dark. He turned away; plished. I belong here no longer." He and still without appearance of haste he laughed. "I would not force myself into a drew Wolfgar, Elza and me to the balcony. war prematurely. That would be very un- Together we stood gazing over the lights of wise. I think-we shall have to avoid this the city below us. -engagement. I am-slightly outnum- Then abruptly from below the northern hori- A cloudless, starry sky. Empty of air- bered." zon lights came up-spreading colored beams. craft; but to the north just below the hori- He called an order, quite calmly over his The Earth war vessels: zon, we knew that the line of war vessels shoulder. I suppose, at that moment, the was hovering. Even now doubtless, they had Earth war vessels were no more than five their orders to descend upon us. Tarrano miles away. The whole sky was a kaleido- SYNOPSIS seemed waiting, and I suppose we stood scope of darting lights. In answer to his order, from the peak our a light IN the spring of the year 2325, all of the there half an hour. Occasionally he would of tower rulers of the various countries of the earth sight an instrument toward the north; and bomb mounted-a vertical ray of green are mysteriously murdered. lac and Gray- by the orders he gave at intervals I knew light. The bomb of surrender ! son, employees of a large news organization, Tarrano chuckled. "That should halt find that the murders are the result of a plot that preparations for action on his part on the part of the inhabitants of Venus. Tar - were under way.. them. Come! We must start." rano, an erstwhile lower official of the Cold Half an hour. Then abruptly from below He held a brief colloquy with a Venus - Country of Venus is found to be at the head horizon lights came man who appeared beside him. The man of a plot to rule the universe. the northern up- Dr. Brende, a friend of Jac's has discov- spreading colored beams. The Earth war nodded and hastened back into the instru- ered a medical method whereby human be- vessels! A line of them as far as we could ment room. The green light of our bomb ings may be kept from growing old. The see from left to right, mounting up into the had died away. The lights in the sky be- Doctor is killed by a group of "Venus -Men" and Jac, Elsa, the Doctor's daughter and sky as they winged their way toward us-a gan fading-the whole sky fading, turning Georg, the Doctor's son, are captured and line spreading out in a broad arc. And then. to blackness ! I became aware that Tarrano taken to Venia, a city on the earth inhabited behind us, I saw others appear. We were had thrown around our tower a temporary by people of Venus. Here they are impris- a oned and Wolfgar, a Venus -man, friendly surrounded; and the circle was closing in. isolation barrage. For few moments- to the people of the earth, surrounds them by It was a magnificent, awe-inspiring sight, while the current he had at his command an electrical isolation barrage in an attempt that vast ring of approaching colored lights. could hold it-we could not be seen on the to rescue them. The barrage is broken down finders vessels. and in the resulting confusion, Georg es- Red, green and purple-slowly moving eyes. image of the advancing capes to Washington in company with Prin- Light -rockets sometimes mounting above Tarrano repeated: "That should hold cess Maida of Venus. them, to burst with a soundless glare of them-I have surrendered! They should be The next day, Tarrano offers to return the the triumphant. And outside our barrage, our papers and models of the invention made by white light in the sky; and underneath, Georg's father, which he has confiscated and spreading white search beams, sweeping men will bargain with them. Ten minutes! brands young Brende as an impostor. To down to the dark forest that lay all about We should be able to hold them off that long offset this accusation, Georg is to tell his at least. Come, Lady Elza. We must start story to the earth as well as to Venus and us. Mars by radio and helio. He and Princess Soon, in the white glare of the bombs, we now." Maida go to the station but there they dis- could distinguish the actual shapes of the With a scant ceremony in sharp contrast appear. vessels. Still Tarrano did not move from to his courteous words to Elza. he hurled Jac, Wolfgar and Elsa, still captives, are removed from their prison and taken to the his place by the balcony rail. He stood there us off. Three of us-Elza, Wolfgar and top of an enormous tower. Here, in the in- with a hand contemplatively under his chin, myself, with one attendant who still car - strument room, where communication with the various planets is held, they view the disappearance of the Princess Maida and Georg by television. The abduction has been done by Tarrano's agents. On Mars, And on its high - Tarrano's followers are attacking the ruling raised stern, beneath a class and Tarrano offers Dr. Brende's secret canopy was a couch to the public if they will surrender to his upon which Tarrano re- cohorts. They agree. Tarrano then an- clined, with us of his nounces to the earth people, that he will not party at his feet. give them the Brende secret and declares war upon them, challenging them to attempt to conquer him.

CHAPTER XV THE ESCAPE THAT Tarrano should thus defy the Earth, when by every law of rational circumstance the move seemed to spell only his own disaster, was charac- teristic of the man. He stood there in the instrument room at the peak of the skeleton tower in Venia and rasped out to the Earth Council his defiance. Silence followed-si-

www.americanradiohistory.com .n141....t .. W

Science and Invention for January, 1926 817

ried Elza's personal belongings. Hurried us we were steadily descending into the ground rano's command I followed him up the

into the vertical car which had brought us under Venia-dropping - out of sight while small spider incline and through the hatch- up into the tower. It descended now, down above us, perhaps by now, the eager war - way. We stood on a little circular space of the iron skeleton shaft. Outside the gird- craft of Earth were overwhelming the city. the turtle -deck, well aft-all observation ers I could see only the blackness of the Tarrano had not spoken; but when at last space enclosed by a low metal rail. A few barrage, with faint snapping sparks. our little car bumped gently at the bottom, feet below us dark glassy water was slip- Silently, we descended. It seemed very he said smilingly. "We are here, Lady Elza." ping past. far down. And suddenly I realized that we We left the car, and passed into a dim - At a lazy hasteless pace, we were passing were going lower than the ground level. The lighted cavern. I saw a lateral black tunnel - along what I saw to be a broad river. The barrage sparks had vanished. The blackness mouth yawning nearby, with a shining rail Riola Amazonia* I afterward learned it to now was a normal darkness; and in it I at its top and bottom, one above the other. be. Heavy banks of luxurious foliage, could see slipping upward the smooth black And between the rails was a metal vehicle. dark and silent. Inundated in places. And sides of the vertical shaft into which we A long, narrow car; yet with its turtle -back after a- few moments we slackened, turned were dropping. And the sulphuric smell of and its propelling gas -tube at the rear, with sharply into one of the inundated coves and the barrage was gone. The air how smelt a rudder on each side of the tube, I real- nosed slowly amid a tangle of the jungle of earth-the heavy, close air of under- ized that it was designed also for sub -sea bank. ground. travel. A small affair. Ten feet at its And then I saw, hidden here iii the re- I do not know how far down we went. A greatest width, and fifty or sixty feet long. cesses of this pathless forest, a small inter- thousand feet perhaps. The thing surprised There was nothing startling in this evi- planetary flyer, painted a hazy grey -blue. me. Yet in those moments my mind encom- dence of underground and sub -sea trans- Around and over it the vegetation had been passed it; and many of Tarrano's motives portation. But that it should be here in carefully, cunningly trained. A few cau- which I had not reasoned out before now primitive Venia surprised me. Then I real- tious lights illumined it now; but without seemed plain. He had come from Venus to ized that Tarrano had been here perhaps the Earth, possibly several months ago. many months. Quietly, secretly he had con- Had come directly here to Venia and set up structed this underground road. For his es- A grey ball, changing his headquarters. His purpose on Earth- cape, I could not doubt it. Indeed, I did not to a glowing, vaguely dull red; then silver, as he had just told me-did not lie with doubt but that the man had anticipated prac- We were in the warfare. While he was here his forces tically every event which had occurred. realms of outer, inter- had conquered the Great City of Venus, We found in the car, or boat if you will, planetary space! and just now, the Hill City of Mars. He a variety of attendants and personal be- controlled Venus and Mars-but he was longings. Tara was there; I saw her sit- still far from ready to attack the Earth. ting alone on one of the distant rings of He had come to the Earth in person for seats. And Argo was among us-and others several important purposes. For one-he whom I had learned to know by sight and desired the Brende model and Dr. Brende's name. It was the party and equipment notes. He had them now; they were, in which Tarrano had probably originally reality, at this present moment in the- Great brought with him from Venus. We, the City of Venus. Also, with the Brende se- last arrivals in the car, took our places. The cret-to control it absolutely-he had to doors slid closed. The car vibrated slightly; have Georg Brende. Well, as I was soon purred with its forward motors. We were to realize, Georg was now his captive. And started. the Princess Maida? His purpose in hold- It was not a long trip. How far we went ing her was two -fold. She had, now as al- I have no means of knowing. But after a ways in the Venus Central State, a tremen- time, by the changed motion and sounds, I dous sentimental sway upon her people. Tar - realized that we were traversing water. rano had abducted her. forcibly to remove Then above us after another interval, they her from the scene of action, so that dur- opened a hatchway. The pure fresh air of ing her unexplained absence his propaganda night streamed in upon us. Every light in would have more influence. He had brought the boat had been extinguished. At Tar - her here to Earth; and now his plan was to have Georg Brende and her fall in love with each other. He still hoped to win them, and even in daylight, I knew that Georg to his cause, by giving him the Prin- INVENTOR OF "DEATH RAY" from above it could never be seen. cess Maida if for no other reason. And with RETURNS Our party entered it-a small but sur- Maida married to Georg-and Georg in Tar- prisingly luxurious vessel. The foliage rano's service-Maida herself would turn H. Grindell Matthews, a British scientist. from above it was cut away by ready many months ago announced the perfection workmen; and in half an hour more we her influence in Venus to consolidate her of the so-called "death -ray," and his name people to Tarrano. is now a by-word in practically every home were rising from the forest. Straight up, These, in part, were Tarrano's present in this country. In the February issue of into that cloudless sky. The lanci dropped plans and motives. They were working out this magazine an article will appear which away beneath us; visually concave at first is the result of a personal interview with as the circular horizon seemed to rise well. And-as he had said-the Earth did Mr. Matthews at his experimental labora- with not concern him now as a battle -ground. tory in Long Island. Mr. Matthews has us. The sky overhead fortunately was Later . But even with this sudden in- developed several unusual and new scien- empty-nothing in sight to bar our out- sight which seemed to come to me, I was tific instruments, and the details of all of ward flight. And we carried no lights. them will be given in both written descript- In a moment or two, so swiftly did we inadequate to grasp what later he was to ive and pictorial form. Don't miss it! attempt. gather velocity, the lights of Venia-a dis- While thus occupied with my thoughts, tant patch of them-were visible. Then, further away, I presently saw the grey ex- panse of open sea. And as we mounted, the simulated concavity of the Earth turned convex. I had never seen it thus-had never been so far above its surface before. A huge grey ball down there which was our Earth. Outlines of sea and land. Then continents and oceans, enveloped by patches of cloud area. A grey ball, changing to a glowing, vaguely dull red; then silver. Dwindling-gleaming brighter silver on one side where the sunlight struck it. We were in the realms of outer, inter- planetary space! CHAPTER XVI The Playground of Venus After a trip uneventful-save that to me, taking it for the first time, it was an ex- perience never to be forgotten in a lifetime- we landed at the Great City of Venus. We had sent no messages during the trip, and There was a sudden soundless flash. From across the room a beam of violet flame darted at us. It struck just between Maids and Wolfgar, as he rose from his knee. Both of them with our grey -blue color, I think we es- involuntarily stepped backward, apart from each other. And between them, breast high, the caped telescopic and even radio observation flame hung level. . . . (Continued on Page 861)

* Evidently the upper Amazon.

www.americanradiohistory.com 818 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Scientific Problems and Puzzles By ERNEST K. CHAPIN

BALLOON QUESTIONS DIRECTION OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT TRACKS POORLY WELDED HERE TROLLEY

B O_ . e ; \\-\\\ ;n ile! i,giï/iivi11111sC-d/" IRON PIPE " TRACK UNDERGROUND POWER HOUSE

If a balloon w 11 just barely rise when released in air, will it rise when placed within a hydro- If the underground pipe in the above gen -filled case? diagram corrodes at point C, due to electric currents set up in it by the trolley system, which way is the co, current flowing in the system. CENTER OF GRAVITY DARKENED LIGHT BULB C.G.

CENTER OF GRAVITY With wheels 56 inches apart and the center of gravity 24 inches above ground, would a car tip over if it ran on a bank with a slope of 50° to the horizontal as at right?

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

LAM P

What is it that causes an electric light bulb to darken after it has been in use for some length of time? SWITCH OPEN

With a lamp and fuse in the input circuit to a meter, as above, can the lamp light? X-RAY TUBE REGULATOR LAMP PROBLEM REGULATOR FOR REGULATOR OPTICAL QUERY LOWERING FOR RAISING VACUUM. VACUUM PLATINUM., TUBE

B HYDROGEN _: **-d GAS

lupum \\s

Electric discharge between A and adjacent As above, what causes the striations platinum tube lowers vacuum in main bulb. that appear on a window screen viewed Between B and platinum tube, raises the Lamps A, B and C are rated at 110 against the background of a window vacuum. Why is this so? volts. Which, if any, will burn brightest? pane? (Answers to these problems given on page 870)

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 819 Artificial Ice for the Movies

No doubt many times you have watched movie stars performing on vessels covered with snow and ice, and you have wondered how the actors and actresses could stand the cold, while wearing flimsy garments. Possibly you have also seen the heroine of a play dive from the deck of a vessel into water full of floating cakes of ice. If this sent a chill down your spine, don't let it do so again. The players were just as warm as you or I on a summer's day, and the ice is merely paraffin floating on the surface of the water. In the photo above ice is being "made," by pouring hot paraffin into the water, the wax immediately solidifying. Photo at the right shows what it looks like in the film. $5,000.00 Prize "Matchcraft" Contest FOR the next twelve months, SCIENCE AND INVENTION Magazine will he prompt- for inspection, paying transportation charges AND INVENTION magazine will award ly returned to the builder, who will prepay all both ways. a total of $5.000 in prizes, in a new con- charges. (10) This is a monthly contest, lasting for test. You are asked to make models, fashioning twelve months, each monthly contest closing the same entirely from safety matches. Please on the first of the month following date of read the text of the Matchcraft article care- issue. This contest for the month of January fully and observe the following simple rules: 16 Monthly will close February 1, 1926, and prize win- (1) Models submitted must contain at least Prizes ning announcements will be made in the April, 90 per cent. safety matches in their construc- First Prize $100.00 192),, issue. tion. (11) Models must be shipped in a strong (2) Models made of toothpicks, paper Second Prize 75.00 wooden box, never in a cardboard box, as matches, or non -safety matches, are not elig- Third Prize 50.00 SCIENCE AND INVENTION can not be ible in this contest. held responsible for breakage in transit due to (3) Models can not he built around boxes Fourth Prize 35.00 models having been improperly packed. or other supporting articles. Walls, roofs, Fifth Prize 25.00 (12) When models are sent, be sure to affix ctc., must all be self-supporting and made of tag, giving your name and address, to the matches. Sixth Prize 20.00 model itself. In addition, put name and ad- (4 All liquid adhesives, such as glue, shel- Seventh Prize 15.00 dress on outside wrapper of package. lac, are permissible. cements. etc., Eighth Prize 12.50 (13) When photographs are submitted, it is (5 i Models may he painted, gilded or sil- necessary that they be at least 5" x 7", not vered. 9th to 16th Prizes of $10.00 smaller, and that your name and address ap- (61 Models may he of any size. each $80.00 pear on the back of each photograph. (7) In order to win a prize, it is necessary (14) In this contest, manuscripts or descrip- that either models be submitted, or, if this is tion of the models are not required, unless the not practical, owing to their size, a photograph model contains something unusual requiring (large -sized) of the model may be sent in lieu (91 Where SCIENCE AND INVENTION explanation. Keep all descriptions short. of the model itself. The best models submit- has any doubts as to the model (where photos (15) Address all letters, packages, etc., to ted each month will he awarded the prizes only are submitted) complying with all the Editor, "Matchcraft" Contest, care SCIENCE scheduled herewith. regulations, the judges may, at their discre- AND INVENTION Magazine, 53 Park Place, (81 All models submitted to SCIENCE tion, request that the actual model be sent in New York. A Sub -Tropical Valley Within the Arctic Circle COL. J. SCOTT WILLIAMS of Mon- erally found in the north, are plentiful in it, was made to a village in 45 minutes, treal, Canada, arrived lately in Prince the valley. whereas they were used to making the trip Rupert from an airplane exploration The aerial party, Colonel Williams said, on foot, taking five days to do so. trip of a verdant valley, discovered by Fred ate potatoes which Perry, a previous solitary The machine flown by Colonel Williams is Perry, of Vancouver, two years ago. Some explorer had planted last year, indicating that of the Vickers -Viking flying -boat type. He remarkably rich samples of ore were ob- the winter season is not sufficiently severe departed with it by steamer from Prince tained from the Indians. who declared that to kill seed. Rupert on June 11. Landing at Wrangell, there was an abundance of metals in the dis- The valley is on a tributary of the Laird he flew from there to Telegraph Creek, the trict. The' minerals were almost pure lead River and the country is of such a rugged gateway to the tropical valley, in three hours. ore and gold nuggets. nature that it requires 42 days to make the The plane flew 6,000 miles in the north The valley is described as absolutely sub- trip to it on foot, whereas the trip by air- and never suffered a mishap. The party tropical. The phenomenon is accounted for plane was made in three hours. went 200 miles into the Yukon north of Lake by the presence of a large number of hot Indians residing in the valley received a Francois and far down the Laird River springs. These bubble up the year round real thrill when Colonel Williams arrived until they reached the valley. and cause vegetation to grow to an astound- and descended among them, for it was their -Contributed by F. Gage Todd, Jr. ing size. first view of an airplane. Two of them and (EDITOR'S NOTE: This report will prove The soil is very fertile. Flowers growing their dogs were, after a long effort, per- of great interest to those who read our serial, there in profusion include violets which are suaded to go for a flight and, at its con- "The Living Death," by John Martin Leahy, unsurpassed for size. Raspberries and other clusion, became heroes to their tribe and wherein authentic references arc made to fruits develop to unbelievable proportions. now are regarded as supermen. such a valley existing in the antarctic Many animals, such as wood deer, not gen- The trip in the "big bird," as they called regions.)

www.americanradiohistory.com 820 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Odds and Ends of Physics By T. O'CONOR SLOANE, Ph.D.

SURFACE tension is the action exerted between the molecules of a liquid on its surface. The same attraction exists throughout, but on the surface it is limited to three directions of pull. This causes the outer molecules to act as if they were a sheet of thin India rubber. The term "surface tension" is applied to the action.

ABOVE is shown the phenomenon of the tears of strong wine. A test of wine to fill a wine glass with has been partially WINE glass or tumbler is filled brim - it shake it around so as to moisten the and 4. ming full of water. A plate of glass Then on letting it stand a species glass. with a piece of dry blotting paper beneath of tears would form on the inside of the into the it is placed firmly on the tumbler. It ab- glass and would ,rapidly run down producing a shows a sorbs the water by capillarity contents below. The illustration it is called. If this is water with which partial vacuum, as mixture of alcohol and carried out correctly a weight can be sus- a piece of glass is moistened. On exposure rapid- pended from the tumbler, as shown. Note to the air the alcohol evaporates more tumbler in case it surface tension, as the string to catch the ly than the water. The falls. Capillarity is a distinct phenomenon it is called, acts like an elastic membrane In this and the preced- into little with the lower of surface tension. and pulls the water together The funnel and tube are placed ing experiments, it is well to grind off the down the glass, and end in mercury, then filled brimming full of streamlets which run lip of the glass to a perfectly flat surface. beautifully shown by letting a candle water; a glass plate and a sheet of blotting are By capillary Otherwise with an irregular lip the experi- shine upon them, so they are de- paper are placed upon the funnel. light that action the blotting paper absorbs the water and ment will fail. The sheet of glass also must on a sheet of paper. picted by their shadow the mercury rises in the tube. be perfectly true. It is even well to use a piece of plate glass, although double thick window glass will answer sometimes very nicely for the purpose.

Water is siphoned into a test tube with mer- Water forms bubbles by a film of water form- cury in the bottom. When corked as shown, ing and imprisoning air. We place mercury in the- pressure produced by the siphoning will a beaker, cover it with water, or perhaps better cause the mercury to rise in the tube. A very with a strong solution of sodium sulphate or is to use a similar salt, then on pouring mercury into it, nice variation of this experiment is another version of the capillary siphon. and fill it mercury bubbles form on the surface of the This rather large tube for the siphoning A small beaker is floated inside a large one, with porous lamp wick or twine, so that the metal of the beaker, each one a film of mer- filled with a mass of the water or salt and a cotton wick is placed as shown, dipping capillary action starts it going. A third varia- cury, into the smaller beaker and also into the large tion is to siphon mercury from the beaker and solution but true mercury bubbles. Each drop into the one. By capillary action it absorbs the water note how it will raise a column of water in the of mercury carries some water down liquid It instantly floats up and for a from the outer vessel and presently the other tube to a great height. Capillarity, as a metal bath. descends where it dips into the inner one, and word, is derived from the Latin word meaning moment carries up a film or skin of metallic forming thus true mercury bubbles, a siphoning effect is produced. The water a hair. It applies to the action of liquids in mercury, siphons out from the large one into the small very narrow tubes; these are called capillary each filled with water, as soap bubbles are with air. The bubbles are very short- one; the latter keeps on sinking lower and tubes. The action of lamp -wicks and of blot- filled until perhaps it will sink to the bottom. ting paper are familiar examples of capillarity. lived, but the experiment is most interesting. lower,

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 821 Everyday Chemistry By RAYMOND B. WAILES

L

The storage battery fluids which are supposed to revive old batteries con- acid, together with wool smell dif- tain the usual Cotton and Epsom salts, alum and glycerine. ferently when burned because A good black -face grease paint can be made by of nitrogenous substances in first rubbing cold cream into the skin and then wool. applying a paste of lamp black and glycerine.

tin Ozonized turpentine maker the paint Facial clays usually contain alum, oatmeal, Silks which are weighted down with with which it is mixed dry quickly. Fuller's earth, casein or all of them. Alum compounds actually wear out when exposed has been ex- is an astringent, the earth and oatmeal to sun light. The metal compounds react It is turpentine which in the posed to the air and sun light. absorb dirt and the casein opens the pores. chemically with the silk fibres when presence of light.

METHANOL= CH3OH = WOOD ALCOHOL = METHYL ALCOHOL= WOOD SPIRITS = DEATH 7 Fig. 7 is an example of chemical arithmetic. All of the terms shown mean the same thing. 1 Butter, Fig. 10, keeps better if it is churned with carbon dioxide gas, inasmuch as that gas is not reactive with the butter and replaces the air which is the active spoiling agent.

In the bottle in Fig. 9 there is only about 3% of hydrogen dioxide, the rest being water. You were not cheated, however, as a 100% "solu- <-444- The odor around gas houses, Fig. 8, «4e tion" would explode violently. is not usually gas but is from beds of exhausted purifying material; lime through and over which the gas has passed.

Phosphate, o n e type of which is used at soda fountains, is also - used in the Park- 1- erizing process of rust -p roofing steel.

In distillation, the carbon dioxide gas evolved, which is a waste product, is recovered, purified, and compressed into cylinders for refrigeration.

www.americanradiohistory.com 822 Science and Invention for January, 1926 THE CON STRUCTOI

A Model Rotor Ship

uSn

efielle4eI, 6 iCi7TNER-krro, Flettner Rudder

°- ...... 3 Cardboard Cr/Inder

4 FLead

By exercising a little ingenuity, anyone at all handy with tools can build a working model of the famous Flettner rotor ship. The body is built of thin sheet metal, fol- lowing the details given in 1 and 2 above. The seams are soldered so as to be water- tight. A clockwork motor is used for revolving the cylinder and should be geared so as to produce about 250 revolutions per minute. The cylinder is made of cardboard and fixed to the clock mechanism by the washer, 5. The aluminum strip, 4, holds the rotor in position, its upper end supported as at 7. A Flettner rudder in which a small vane moves a larger one by water pressure may be constructed as at 6. Photos show other details of construction. -Ricardo Ludeke.

Uses for Bicycle Tires

OLD bicycle tires that have been discarded as being worthless for their original pur- pose can be put to many other uses and will be --PIECE OF found most satisfactory. The illustration at the BICYCLE TIRE right suggests three different ways in which tires of this nature can be employed. The first is as a protection around a chain used for lock- ing the spare tire of an automobile. Under ordinary conditions, a bare chain is very apt to chip or scratch the paint on the car. If, however, a section of bicycle tire is slipped over the chain and used as shown, no damage can be done. A piece of tire that does not have too many air leaks in it can be put to use on the vacuum cleaner and used as an extension hose so that the nozzle can reach out of the way places. Running the engine of a car in a closed gar- age is often the cause of death, due to the car- bon monoxide liberated from the engine exhaust; this gas can be piped to the outer air by means of an old bicycle tire slipped over the exhaust through a hole in the wall. TIRE CONNECTED.; pipe and projecting TO EXHAUST PIPE E. Wcnrich. -H. EXHAUST

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 823 Paper Tricks By JEAN IRVING

RESULT

Paper tearing is quite easy. The paper is folded as indicated at A, B, C and D above. The white parts are then torn away. On un- folding, very artistic patterns result.

Starting at 1 with a nar- row strip of paper about one inch wide, tie a knot in the paper as indicated. Then proceed with stages 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Pencil in the face and a very interesting figure will appear. JACOBS LADDER

FIG.! i 7 Ezt 7 ESP THE FIR TREE

Fold letter paper along the dotted line, as in 2, Fig. 1 at the left. Then fold as in Fig. and follow with Fig. 3. Now either tear the folded paper along lines I and 2, as in- dicated in Fig. 4, or fold in half and tear one-third the way from the folded edge, so as to complete the operation in one tear. Upon unfolding, it will be found that a cross and the word above may be made from the pieces.

1f/////7/!

Take a small square sheet of paper about six inches on a side, and fold it as indicated at A. Turn the paper over again and turn each corner to the center, forming the 1 figure shown at B, and now color those portions marked A roll of newspaper about twelve inches G with green crayon. Fold R 2 wide and containing five or six double in half, as shown at C, and sheets is torn as shown at B, and then then inserting the thumb and folded over as at C. Pulling the top rung index finger of each hand forms a paper ladder. A similar roll torn into the cups formed. Open as shown at D, when opened produces a fir and close the fingers to pro- tree. In this case, the performer inserts duce a very pretty effect. his finger into the center of the roll and pulls it outward. The bottoms of the rolls should preferably be fastened with rubber 1T7T77/// bands. ( ^r.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 A Home -Made Compact View Camera By S. I. PHILLIPS

The completed view camera set up and ready for action is illustrated in the photograph below. Note method of supporting lens.

BELLOWS BACK

LENS AND SHUTTER ' SUPPORT FOR LENS & SHUTTER SLIDE FOR LENS SUPPORT BASE ALSO COVER

Above: The view camera folded up showing swinging tripod sup- port and how base of camera is the cover when folded.

BELLOWS BACK ADJUSTABLE FOCUSSING FOCUSSING BASE ALSO SIDE BAR RUNWAY SLIDE COVER LENS AND SHUTTER The film pack case illustrated below slides into grooves in L' the back of the camera that are detailed on the next page. SUPPORT FOR The pack holder itself is of the manufactured type but is re- LENS G SHUTTER constructed so as to adapt itself to this particular camera. SLIDE FOR BASE ALSO LENS SUPPORT COVER 7

1,1 GROUND GLASS IN SLIDING FRAME SHEET METAL SCREWED 1 L TO FACE WITH OVER- LAPPING EDGES TO PROTECTING SLIDE IN BACK OF COVER THE CAMERA

ADJUSTABLE hi G BARE ADJUSTABLE OUTER SCREW FOCUSSING SCREW FASTEN- SWINGING SUB' SIDE BAR FASTENING SUB- RUNWAY FOCUSSING ING E TO J BASE WITH BASE TO RUNWAY SLIDE TRIPOD SOCKETS

The photograph above shows all of the details of the various parts of this camera that go to makeup the lens support and its adjustable rack, as well as the side supports which hold the base and back at right -angles to each other. All of the specially shaped parts were made by the author. So as to facilitate focusing, ground glass is provided that can be slipped into the back of the camera in place of the film pack. The glass is protected during trans- justments are found. A long follow the general procedure outlined in portation by a sheet metal extension bellows, a rising order to avoid future trouble, changing the cover. and falling front, a swing- dimensions to suit. On the opposite page ing front and a tilting and will be found a list of parts, the letters on swinging back are all pres- which correspond with those on the photo- ent. graphs and drawings. It is advisable to get HE AUTHOR of this article has con- By studying the photographs and diagrams all of the various parts and raw materials stant use for a camera that will take a on this and the opposite page, any amateur together before going on with the work. comparatively large picture, yet the mechanic who is handy with tools can dupli- Then you can lay everything out and go average view camera is so bulky that it is cate this camera with little trouble. No right ahead without having to stop for more always in the way. Therefore, he set about special tools are necessary and the writer did or different materials. designing and building a camera that would the entire job without recourse to machine It will be well to observe certain rules of fit his particular use and the result was so work of any kind. The first step, before you order when starting to make this camera. good that the details are being passed on even attempt to build the camera frame and For instance, lay out all your work in theory here to our readers. When the camera is base, is to buy a good lens with shutter and and on paper before you even begin to make completely folded, it takes up a space only a bellows. Judicious shopping around second- any special part of the camera. Review the slightly larger than the film pack which holds hand camera stores will soon bring to light situation thoroughly, study the photographs 5 X 7 inch films and is slightly over 1 inch the required parts. Buy as good a lens as and diagrams given in this article and make thick. Together with a telescopic tripod, you can possibly afford as upon this the suc- any additions or changes to them that may the film pack adapter, focusing cloth and cess or failure of your camera depends appear necessary, due to the particular sizes other necessary accessories, the camera can When buying these parts, obtain a stand- of parts that you may purchase. It is obvious be packed in an ordinary brief -case without ard film pack adapter. With these on hand, that a camera design of this nature is very making any unsightly bulges. you are ready to design your own camera and flexible and if the reader does not desire a Usually when cameras are made to take up make the various parts fit perfectly. Be- camera as large as this one, the same prin- a very small space, many valuable features cause of the variations in lenses and bellows, ciples outlined can be applied to the construc- are sacrificed. However, in this particular only a few definite dimensions are given in tion of a 4" x 5" camera, that will be even case, all of the standard view camera ad - this article. Therefore, it is advisable to smaller and more compact.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 825

THE following parts are necessary for making this camera. Letters preceding parts corre- spond to those on photos and drawings. A, bellows which should cover 5" x 7" film and extend 15 inches or the distance required by lens. B, back made of heavy gauge galvanized iron as below, C, lens and shutter. D, support for lens and shutter made of sheet iron. E, slide for lens support. De- tails below. F, base, also cover. Bend from heavy rl gauge galvanized iron and drill hole for screw on K, and slot for side swing screw, H'. G, focusing slide. Bend from thin sheet metal to fit H. Solder strip of brass on top, drilled and slotted as below. H, focusing run -way. Cut from 1 inch by / inch cold rolled steel strip and drill as shown below. I, adjustable side bars of brass strip, drilled and tapped. J, film pack adapter with sheet metal face. K, swinging sub -base. Details below. L, ground glass mounted as shown on opposite page. A careful study of the diagrams below and to the right will FLA aid materially in building a camera similar to this HEAD PIANO one. RIVETS HINGE

TRIPOD HO LE TO SUPPORT GAMER ON EDGE o OUT TO ALLOW THUMB Ruth GOES e LENS TO SLIDE DOWN In the illustration above, a side view of the ON SCREW FIXEDI LOWER BAR *1>CUT COLD ROLLED STEEL /K camera is shown. The dotted lines indicate the BAR I".'/:.7 -WITH position of the bellows, the lens and the focusing EDGES BEVELED VERTICAL SLIDE 7. I© n FOR FUT STRIP rack when the long extension bellows is being ATTACHED TO LENS HOE[ FOR SHIFTING used. This is necessary in photographing small LEN TO SIDE objects close to the camera. IY `' B I TAPPED HOLE E SLOT TO LENS In making the back of the camera into which THUMB SCREW LOCATED BRING SOFT STEEL SHEET SOT- POSITION UPFROM O TO ITS NEAREST BOO HASA TO COMES ` the film pack adapter or ground glass is to slide, DERED 1 INTO BRASS STRIP./.,.Y4 .6' TRIPOD HOLE . BARFOR BOTTOM AT CENTER WHOLE. TAPPED HOLE SOLDER SWEATED TO the edges should be cut and folded as shown in TOP OF TIN SLIDE `BENEATH LENGTH . ?% lower the diagram at the OF the left-hand corner of BASE HEET TAPPED HOLE E. TIN BENT AROUND CAMERA COMES SLOTS FOR USE OAR FOR SLIDINGFIT left. Soldering will complete each corner. To G'-``\ BETWEEN H AND WHERE LARGE SUBBASE BELLOWS EXTEN- the back of this shallow box so formed, screw SION IS NEEDED the sheet brass strips folded over at the edges .9> so as to form a run -way for the film pack holder. Strips of velvet are used to exclude light. The various thumb nuts and thumb screws used in this assembly are of standard sizes and may SHEET BRASS OR COPPER FORMING LIGHT TIGHT be readily purchased. They permit variations in SLIDE FOR FILM -PACK the positions of the parts of the camera and make ADAPTER the entire outfit most flexible. The details in the upper right-hand corner of the illustration at the left shows the uses to which the thumb nuts and screws are put. Further information can be STRIP OF VELVET gleaned from the above diagram. Paint the fin- ished camera black to improve appearance. SOLDER

How to Make Colored Crystals

IT is well known that beautifully formed crys- tals can be made by hanging pieces of coke or cinders in a saturated solution of alum. We can, however, go a step further than this and obtain beautifully colored crystals if we add an aniline dye to the alum solution. With a little care, crystals with two or more bright shades of color may be obtained. First prepare several alum solutions by adding as much alum to boil- ing water as can be dissolved. Color the differ- ent solutions strongly with dyes. Suppose that you make up a blue, a red and a yellow solution. Hang the coke or cinder in the red liquid and SATURATED ALUM SOLUTION FINISHED ARTIGE allow it to remain there until a large series of COLORED WITH ANILINE crystals is formed. Remove from the solution and break away several of the moist crystals. Allow the mass to dry and hang in the blue solu- tion. Crystals will only be deposited on the ex- posed rough parts of the coke and they will he of a different color. Repeat the same procedure and use the yellow solution. You will then have a gleaming mass of crystals having three separ- ate and distinct colors throughout. Do not forget to let each series of crystals dry before placing in the next solution.-S. Leonard Bastin. SREAAK OFF SOME OF CRYSTAL'` AND IMMERSE IN ANOTHER ALUM SOLUTION DIFFERENTLY_COLORED

www.americanradiohistory.com 826 Science and Invention for January, 1926 A Reliable Test for Wood Alcohol By RAYMOND B. WAILES

MANY are the requests that have been received by this magazine for accurate and reliable tests for the presence of wood alcohol in grain alcohol or other liquids. A test of this nature is highly desirable both in chemical laboratory and in every -day life. We are presenting on this page complete and authoritative directions for the application of such a test. This particular one is even more sensitive than is required to detect one part of wood alcohol in 20,000 parts of a liquid. The chemicals that are used are not hard to obtain and can be purchased at the corner drug store. The illustrations give complete procedure and all of the necessary information and details will be found below.

1-roff, O ADD Ecc I% SOLUTION -i POTASSIUM PERMANGAN- ATE AND THEN 10 DROPS CONC. 112.50A 5 DROPS 5 DROPS WOOD ALCOHOL LIQUID TO BE TESTED

WHEN COLOR- LESS ADD 5cc. I ce. CONC HZSOq L cc. 8% SOLUTION FUCHSINE BI- OXALIC ACID SULPH ITE SOL. O TURNS BLUE ,THIS IS CHECK

IF WOOD ALCOHOL IS PRESENT TURNS BLUE

FUCHSINE BISULPIIITE HOWW TOA MAKE SOLUTIONS SOLUTION

< IGRAM *8 GRAMS SULPHURIC CP POTASSIUM CP OXALIC ACID PERMANGAN- ACID ATE SOLUTION TURNS COLORLESS

IOOcc DISTILLED WATER SODIUM PINHEAD LIKE FOR I% PERMANGANATE FOR 8% OXALIC SULPHITE CRYSTAL OF FUCHSINE SOLUTION ACID SOLUTION CRYSTALS DISSOLVED IN WATER

TO PERFORM this test, place five contents of tube C will turn from colorless tals in 100 cc. of water. Fuchsine bisulphite drops of wood alcohol in a test tube to blue in several minutes because wood solution: Use the apparatus shown above. marked C, and 5 drops of the colorless alcohol is actually in this tube. If tube X In the left flask place some sodium sulphite liquid to be tested in a test tube marked X. becorhes blue, there is wood alcohol in the crystals and drop some sulphuric or muriatic Add five cc. of a 1% solution of substance tested. If the liquid in tube X acid into funnel. When the stopcock of the potassium permanganate and ten drops does not turn, and that in tube C does, there funnel is opened, sulphur dioxide gas will be of strong sulphuric acid to each of the is no wood alcohol in the liquid under test. generated and will bubble through the solu- tubes. Allow to stand for 15 minutes. Now Tube C is merely used to check the chemicals tion in the right-hand flask in which is a add to each tube, two cc. of an 8% solution and the person making the test. solution of a fuchsine crystal as large as a of oxalic acid and also one cc. of How to make the solutions used: 1% pot- strong pinhead dissolved in the amount of water Allow solution. Dissolve 1 sulphuric acid. both tubes to become assium permanganate flask. The solution will decolorized before proceeding. When color- -gram of CP potassium permanganate in 100 shown in the 100-cc. is used less, add five cc. of fuchsine bisulphite solu- cc. of water. 8% oxalic acid solution: turn from red to colorless and to be tion, made as below, to both tubes. The Dissolve 8 grams of CP oxalic acid crys- as the fuchsine bisulphite solution.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 827

ii:

Burning Water Window Latch Bicycle Horn GAS OLD DOOR JCK WALL CONCEALING HOOD CONNECTIONS

RUBBER.. MILK CANL 1 FREE STRING TUBE illlllilll I II I II SLIDE LUCK 'HOLDING WINDOW `LID REMOVED BURNING 'STRING TO END OF DOOR LOCK OPEN !WATER BY HEATING -WATER CLOSE SPIRAL SPRING

WOOD-----

RUBBER-- FRONT WHEEL-' A siren for a bicycle can be made from an old tin can with the attachment shown. The door By connecting a gas and water pipe together A heart shaped block of wood with a strip of bolt or door lock shown is for the purpose of and allowing both to issue from a faucet as rubber secured to the edge as above, makes an holding the striking element away from the can above, the gas can be ignited with a match giv- excellent window latch for holding the window or by releasing it, the siren is made to operate. ing the effect of water burning. This is a good closed or open as illustrated. The block is It is actuated by the spokes striking the lever. window display. -Carlyle Weiss. pivoted on a nail as shown. -L. D. Starcher. -Aurelio Rivera.

Sanding Belt Lighting Inaccessible Parts

BI-CONVEXIENS 2 DIAM.STOCAL LENGTH GLUED -LAP W BELT-, K//0%%///í1I1111Ì111f1\\1\PlId1011 ..--DIRECTION OF BELT ",VIIIII\

-WOODEN WHEELS

SAND PAPER BELT -- Fo o r !' f Z. WROUGHT IRON

ßATrERY SOLIb GLASS ROD %ï-3/4"blAM

A belt of sandpaper:is very satisfactory for smoothing off flat objects and If a beam of light enters the end of a solid glass rod, it will follow that rod, one can be readily attached to a motor -driven emery wheel by making up even though it be bent. This behavior can be employed for lighting inacces- the bracket illustrated in detail above. The belt of sandpaper runs over two sible parts by means of the arrangement shown above. A source of light large pulleys which can be turned off on a lathe or cut from a wooden cylin- is focused on the end of a bent glass rod through a lens of the size shown. der 4 inches in diameter. -William White. A quartz rod is ideal. -C. A. Oldroyd, Rep. No. 4433.

Distance Gauge Ink Stands THIN PASTE BOARD

A - CUT B - CUT OUT (FOR THE INK BOTTLE; DISTANCE READ HERE

0 -HOLDER (STRONG PAPER) IT IS DIADE OF OLD BOARDS A l /071()A270

A handy ink and pen stand can be cut from a If a "distograph" is made up as detailed above and calibrated by actual measurement, it can be used sheet of fairly heavy cardboard by following the for measuring distances directly. Sight on the object along the two pins at the edge of the board details given above. After being bent to shape, and then holding the board steady, move the pivoted rod and sight along points C and D. The it is held with paste or glue and the bracket distance will then be indicated on the scale. -Francis Boyd. shown. -Hubert Slouka, Rep. No. 7110.

www.americanradiohistory.com 828 Science and ¡nt'cntion for January, 1926 WRINKLES RECIPES & FORMULAS - Edited by S. Gernsback ---- Synthetic Gold Bronze Gas Generator Watch Maker's Oil PINCH COCK t,

--.STOPPER \\ -4" su N i RUBBER -11" 1gMSAL TUBING COPPER %NIA SULPHATE ANADIATE .°FAMMO IA

_ SUBSTANCE TO BE ACTED UPON

GLASS BUNSEN FLAME BEAKER SYNTHETIC GOLD BRONZE

When a solid is to be acted upon by an acid in order to produce a certain type of gas, the If a solution of copper sulphate and sal automatic generator illustrated above may be ammoniac is mixed with ammonium vanadiate used. The test tube is filled with the solid and A fairly good grade of oil for use on watches and the mixture is carefully heated over a then held by a perforated cork in the bottle as and light machinery can be made by placing a Bunsen burner, a compound of a splendid gold shown. The acid, entering through the small strip of lead in a squall quantity of olive oil color will be deposited from the liquid in the hole in the bottom of the test tube generates and exposing to the sun's rays for a consider- form of yellow spangles which do not change Pas, which is delivered through the glass tube. able length of time. The action should be on exposure to air, and which in every respect When the pinch cock is closed, the pressure of allowed to continue until the semi -solid mass equal genuine gold bronze for artistic purposes. the gas accumulating in the test tube, forces ceases to be deposited in the beaker and the -Gordon M. Smith. the acid out of that tube and back into the olive oil becomes quite limpid in character. flask, thus stopping the action, which can be -F. R. Moore, Rep. No. 1993. renewed at any time. -Robert Coltman. Dog Feeder DOG BISCUIT Rubber Stamp Holder Reference Book STRING ADHESIVE TAPE ALARM RUBBER BAND CLOCK

RECIPES -FORMULAS

RUBBER STAMPS CARD BOARD

Where several rubber stamps are constantly in use, they are usually all over in the way and never seem to be at hand when needed. The writer finds it very convenient to clip the When the family is out for an entire day, the If, however, an arrangement such as that different departments such as this one, the pet dog must go without a meal or else must illustrated above is made, the stamps will al- "How -to -Make -It" and "The Constructor" be fed his entire day's rations at once. With ways be at hand and will always be in place from the pages of SCIENCE AND IN- the device shown above, he may be fed at when they are wanted. Several rubber bands VENTION Magazine, and bind them to- the regular time. A string attached to he are linked together and one end of the result- gether as illustrated above. A piece of alarm key of a clock is looped over a dog ing chain is fastened to the wall. The other adhesive tape is placed over the left-hand eC';e biscuit placed in some position not accessible end is attached to a rubber stamp, which then of the assembled sheets and bent over on the to the dog and the alarm is set. When it hangs in position in back of the desk. When sides so as to form a substantial binding. By rings, the string is wound up and the -dog it is wanted, the rubber band stretches and dividing the departments as mentioned, the biscuit is pulled off the shelf and falls upon the allows the stamp to be used. bound sections will form handy references to floor. -Leo Preston. -Franklyn Kenchion. any particular subject desired.-F. J. Wilhelm.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 829 great deal of our time in the woods. HAS THE EARTH TWO We went out one evening to catch MOONS? some Crayfish to preserve in alcohol. Editor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: We brought them home and put In the May issue of SCIENCE AND them in a jar of water, and set INVENTION, Don Home discusses the them on a shelf in our laboratory.

question "Has " the Earth Two We went away and forgot about Moons?" and comes to the conclusion them, and as this was late in the that it has not. He believes that a sec- fall the nights were cold. We even ond moon at the distance that it is forgot to feed them. On the fourth supposed to be could not long remain night after we caught them it undiscovered, even if as small as 500 snowed, and the temperature in my feet in diameter. It is suspected to be before. The home went lower than ever at a distance of about 2,500 miles. It was twenty degrees below zero discovery of a small body at that dis- the next morning. I tance would be no easy matter. It Fahrenheit if at a went out to look at my chemical re- would be more quickly seen also interested_in. greater distance from the earth. (No. SCIENCE AND INVENTION desires to hear from its readers. It agents, as I was this subject. When I stepped into -EDITOR.) solicits comments of general scientific interest, and will appreciate my miles opinions science subjects. The arguments pro and con will be aired my laboratory the majority of A satellite at a distance of 2,500 -on bottles were broken. The jar of from the earth would complete a revo- on this page. This magazine also relishes criticisms, and will present were If its di- palatable forms. So if you have anything water in which the Crayfish lution in about three hours. them in both and unpalatable was also frozen, and the ice pres- rection of motion was the same as that to say, this is the place to say it. Please limit your letters to 500 the it would Readers Forum, c/o sure had broken the jar, and of the planets and the moon, words and address your letters to Editor-The three Crayfish were frozen solid in rise in the west and set in the east. Science and Invention Magazine, 53 Park Place, New York City. myself for forget- could never be seen the ice. I hated Such a satellite ting about them because it - seemed "full" from the earth. In 25 minutes day it would enter the earth's So this is why it is more than probable that the cruel to me. It was cold ' all that after the first quarter and the next, but the day after that the shadow and would not reappear until 25 min- earth does not have two moons.-EDITOR,) It could be seen temperature rose. My friend was at my house utes before the last quarter. that we would thaw out best advantage only a -few minutes before that day and we decided to the shadow, and FROZEN FISH our, Crayfish and pickle them. We went about entering or after leaving the earth's the Crayfish at the same time. The chance Editor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: cleaning up our laboratory, while when overhead As I read your magazine from cover to cover thawed. We had placed them outside of our for an observer being in the most favorable locality our Cray- for him to be looking at (including advertisements), I could not help but laboratory door, and when we came out is small; and the chance on the ground, and we thought right place in the sky, still smaller? (Question read the article on your experiments on freezing fish were crawling the of fish alive. I am forced for once to disagree with we had made a discovery but said nothing about mark ours. It would be favorable for any part for two B.-EDITOR.) your conclusions, as I have frozen fish not once or it. They were two days without food and earth between X and names and places I frozen solid in ice. It might be seen while crossing the sun's disk, twice but many times. The days the sun in every revolution shall quote are correct so that if you wish to HAVEN F. ALLEN, for it would transit verify following statements, you are entirely Hill Top, W. Va. from some place on the earth's surface, unless the of its orbit was very great. The at liberty to do so. (In these cases there was no proof that the fish the inclination oc- some months, on my return from over- did body would appear largest when the transit I spent were thoroughly frozen. Our own experiments and it would look very small seas, in 1918, in the Squammish Valley, B. C., not produce such results as described in the two let- curred in the zenith, resting for my health. I lived at that at- when the transit took place far from the zenith. fishing and ters above. It may have been due to the fact could not exceed a Brackendale, in that valley in a little log cabin tempts were made during the summer months when The duration of the transit From my of a minute. In the drawing an observer I preempted, or to be correct, annexed. the habitat of the fishes was warmer waters. We in- quarter its cabin door there was a two and a half mile trail again during the win- at A would see the suspected satellite M at tend to try these experiments at B it would be only about leading to Lake Alice in the mountains, where ter months, and would like to hear from other read- best; to an observer for trout. During that winter, as those de- one-fourth as bright and would be on the horizon. I frequently fished ers who have noted similar results, at F and is rising to A. To as is usual, the lake froze solid and was covered scribed in the above two letters.-EDITOR.) It is at first quarter four inches deep. A friend, move from F to M requires only 25 minutes. with snow about visible path would be .in twilight or nicknamed Red, (name Redfern), went with me Most of its fishing through the ice. The trout, lake trout from THE LIVING DEATH low in the sky. in length, as we caught J. D. BLAGDEN, twelve to twenty inches Editor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: Memphis, Tenn. them, were thrown into the snow where we stood. I have been buying your magazine for over a When we returned to Brackendale (we left at on year, and I think that it is the best magazine that (Professor Donald H. Menzel, commenting 10:00 ïn the morning and got home about 4:30), can be bought anywhere. Every time I purchase the above letter, advises: not a few of these trout were too stiff to eat. I it I cannot put it away until I have read it. The majority of the remarks of Mr. Blagden put haf a dozen in a pan of cold water while I "The con- articles in it are written so that they can be easily are true. He has shown himself as possessing lit the stove, and was puttering about the cabin, understood. siderable insight into the problem. They are, how- when I was disturbed by a prodigous splashing. Death," by Mr. Leahy, main conclusions The story of "The Living ever, only supplementary to the I ran over, and two of the previously stiff trout was so gripping that I could hardly wait for the of the original article and in no way invalidate were trying to climb out of the pan and get back to next issue. I think that it would be fine if Mr. fact that no noon of the size reported the lake. Much surprised (never before having the important enter Leahy would write a sequel to this story, telling c.rists. It is true that the moon would seen the dead return to life), I shooed away the the story Zandara would tell when she learned to eclipse when at an angle of 142 degrees with the cat and placed them in a bucket of water. The speak English. It would also be nice if, in this sun and 25 minutes after first quarter. Its ap- next day I took them, most decidedly alive. over same story, Mr. Leahy would tell the story of proximate shape at that time would be ( the to the younger members of the family of a farmer, another expedition of the same characters to the unilluminated portion on the left. It would be who was also the stage driver and a friend of "Gardens of Paradise," and depict scenes that about two-thirds its maximum brightness at this mine, Harry Judd, by name. From then on, if would clear up the mysteries left in the first story. from to six trout alive, time - I did not bring them two Was there a real scientific basis for this story, Owing to the uncertainty in the reflecting power everytime I went fishing, my name was Mud. and will the story be published in book form? of its surface, it is impossible to compute its exact To make sure I got live trout. I used to make If so, when? GEORGE Souza, brightness. To satisfy all unbelievers we will a little mound of snow, put the first- few in the Hamilton, Ohio. of middle of it, throw my coat on top and sit on assume the minimum physically possible-that scientific fiction interest: grayish black rock. The calculations show that this the whole while fishing, and it never failed to (We are glad that our would be produce results. trout died very you. All the facts mentioned in Mr. Leahy s story, moon, just before entering eclipse, Some of these Living are taken from scientific brighter than a first magnitude star, and would quickly, but others lived for several days. The "The Death," in the regions species were Lake Cut Trout and small works. The story itself is, of course, fictional in be a conspicuous object even twilight -Throat discov- and in spite of its rapid motion. Dolly Varden Trout. The temperature at the nature, but it is built up around findings of the ecliptic it not have been much less than 220 Fahr- ered by various explorers and quotations from the "If it revolved in the plane time could those were frequently used would transit the sun every three hours. For a enheit, as it was not too cold to fish, and the writings of explorers be the largest, it process con- in the story, which makes the theme considerably zenith transit, when it would of freezing or whatever the comatose The story has not yet would have a diameter twice that of the planet dition was, could not have consumed more than more vivid and realistic. the I been published in book form, but we do not doubt Mercury when it crosses the sun's disk. For from ten to twenty minutes. Of these details volumes in the farthest transit it would be but little smaller than am fairly certain. that it will find its way into bound Mercury-and a conspicuous object. If the orbit Previously, I never seriously considered the near future.-EDITOR.) is even considerably inclined to the plane in which matter in a scientific light, so that I am unable all the planets revolve, transits would still be to state what percentage suspended animation and numerous and the object could not have been what percentage died. Whether the coldness of missed. It certainly would be an extremely bright the water, (it is a very deep lake) or the species Station obiect at the times of eclipses of the sun and would of the fish had anything to do with it, I do not not have escaped detection by photography had we know, but I can assure you that what T have been blind to the foregoing proofs of its nos stated is positively and absolutely true, and fur- existence." thermore, I hope some day to have money enough to go repeat not WRNY down there and the performance, for my health next time, but for fun. NEW YORK I am sorry that I was not sufficiently scien- tifically inclined in those days to collect more 258.5 Meters -1160 kilocycles data on the subject, but probably some one who has the opportunity can duplicate this somewhere is owned and operated by the sometime and get the data for you. CECIL KAPPEY, publishers of this maga3ine Calgary, Alta., Canada. Our Editors will talc to you (Comments below. Editor) times every week- TO several EARTH THE--I--- MORE FROZEN FISH See your Newspaper SUN Editor, SCIENCE AND INVENTION: for details I read an article by Hugo Gernsback in your SCIENCE & INVENTION magazine for September, TUNE IN ON. relating to the preservation of life in ice. Several tests were devised which were to determine WRNY whether an animal frozen in ice would come back to life. It seems as if the tests were unsuccessful. The following is an experience I had several years ago. A boy friend and I were taking biology that Diagram accompanying discussion on "Has the particular year at school, and we were very much Earth Two Moons?" interested in the subject. Naturally we spent a

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830 Science and Invention for January, 1926

ee

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- 4

The Advancement of Radio Telephony By A. P. PECK, Assoc. I.R.E.

SO COMMON have the wonders of ra- dio communication become and so tightly are they woven into our daily life that we are surprised no more, when some new feature, new apparatus or new use for radio comes to light. However, there occasionally is brought forth a system of radio communication or a process for the same that is so good that it is worthy of particular mention. Today we have as a very common part of our life, one way radio communication or broadcasting as it is called. We have our private radio receiving sets and we hear mu- sic, lectures and sermons delivered from cen- tral points. However, except in the case of the transmitting amateur, two-way communi- cation is a rather unusual feature. However, a recent radio installation on board a new steamer, the Berlin, includes a very complete radiophone transmitting station and as sim- ilar apparatus is placed on other ships, pas- sengers will be able to converse with each other, even though they may be hundreds of miles apart, and this with as much ease as if they were using their own private tele- phone in their own homes. Booths as shown The Chief Radio Officer of the Berlin in the in the upper left-hand corner of this page radio room showing part of the radiophone ap- of the users paratus used for intercommunication between are provided for the convenience ships. of this service and the photo in the upper right-hand corner shows a part of the trans- mitting apparatus and the operator in charge. quite possible that you will soon be able to Not only are ships equipped for two-way pick up your telephone, have the operator A passenger in the radio phone booth on board connect you with a central radio station and the S. S. Berlin communicating with a ship radiophone communication, but land stations several hundred miles away and talking just as are under construction and being tested by then talk to some friend or relative across though he was in an ordinary telephone booth means of which it may soon be possible to the ocean, with as much ease as if they on land. talk directly to foreign lands. This will be were in the same town and only the tele- accomplished through phone line was being used. All of this the medium of high - may come to pass within the next few powered stations op- years, as much development work is now erating in much the being done along this line. Photos below same way as our or- show type of equipment that may make this dinary telephone ex- work possible. Experiments are being car- change works. It is ried on with short and long wave -lengths.

The photograph directly above shows a part of the antenna installation and This photograph shows a portion of the stupendous installation of equip- the buildings housing the radio apparatus at Rocky Point, L. I. It is ment used at the Rocky Point, L. I., station. When it becomes possible said that this station may soon be employed for direct radiophone com- to carry on a radiophone communication with foreign countries, it is said munication with London. that the charge for a 3 -minute conversation to London will not exceed $5.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 831 Radio Sets by the Thousand

Little does the average person real- ize that the radio set which he uses is the result of intensive production by tremendous organizations. The various photographs on this page will give some idea of the vast l amount of machinery and labor that makes your radio set possible.

Finishing radio set cabinets with Above: A general view of a radio man- an air brush spray of high grade ufacturer's testing laboratory. Here the varnish. sets are put through their various paces and if they do not prove satisfactory they are rejected. Thus good results are assured.

Would you ever think that your dials that control your radio receiving set carne from Here we see one of the presses used for mak- a machine like the one in the above ing stamped metal forms. This particular one photograph? They do, as this is one of the turns out the bell parts hot stamping machines that press bakelite the of radio loud speak- A close-up view of one of assembling ers. Quantity production of this nature is or other insulating material into the form in a tables large radio manufacturing what brings down the ultimate cost of qual- of dials. The operator is holding one of plant. The is engaged wiring I young lady ity apparatus. Note the finished bell being the dies in his hand, being protected from an almost completed radio receiving set. removed from the machine. the heat by a heavy glove.

A general view of one of the gigantic assembling rooms of a radio set Here is another view of one of the assembling rooms, factory is shown directly Note that each above. All of the employees are busily en- one of the workers has a certain part assigned upon which each works gaged in assembling various parts of sets. to the exclusion of all else.

www.americanradiohistory.com 832 Science and Invention for January, 1926 r- How to Follow WRNY By DR. CHARLES D. ISAACSON

Further notes are given below on the novel plan being carried out by the pro- gram director of Station WRNY.

O MATTER where you are you can pick up WRNY and work right into its developments any day, any hour. Of course you can look into the daily newspapers and find what is happen- ing if there are last-minute changes, but for the whole general plan all you need do is to look into WRNY's big prospectus of the general broadcast program and special fea- tures, and it is the easiest thing in the world. º In the center of the book is an outline of any two weeks, just where any feature ap- LENI STENGEL-The continental com- pears in a two-week plan. Thus, let us say GRACE POTTER-One of our foremost edian sings songs in his own inimitable it. is Tuesday, psychoanalysts, who has studied with manner. you locate Tuesday, say 8 o'clock, and you find that the Hampson Light Freud, appears at WRNY. Opera Company is giving, let us say, "The Tales of Hoffman." You know you are then n week one, and from that moment forth ou can follow WRNY that week into the -cond week and back again into the first week, just like a great big race track that is a circle-if you start at one point, you go around and come back to it. Or, if instead f the Gordon Hampson Light Opera Com- pany, the Mme. Andres Parker Singers are appearing at that time you will know that you are in the second week of the WRNY standard schedule and you will begin there and follow the rest of the week and back into the first. Thus you can pick up WRNY at any time and move in unison and under- standing with the program department and ALFRED McCANN-He is unquestionably all of the staff of WRNY. MAJ. ATKINSON-Here is the 'ndomit- the world's foremost authority on food. able world traveler, Major Dent Atkinson Alfred McCann at WRNY. USING THE WRNY PROSPECTUS of WRNY. But there is something more than that which you can do. Let us return to the idea that this is Tuesday, 8 o'clock, and that the Gordon Hampson Light Opera Company is appearing. You turn to the back of your big program book to the general index and you find under the heading of the Gordon Hamp- son Light Opera Company reference to page 7. You will discover who is in the cast, information about the singers and the con- ductor and you locate where you are in the repertoire which they are singing so that you can fit immediately into that individual company's development. You know what you have missed and what you are still to hear and you are immediately en rapport with the whole spirit of that organization. RITA MAGINOT-Gives the series of A MRS. PEMBERTON-Mrs. Brock Pem- to Z Piano directs "Rita's berton, wife of the theatrical producer and Classics and also designer of the costumes for "The Green Kiddy Music Party." BERNSTEIN SISTERS TRIO-Minna, Hat" speaks on theatre costumes. Deborah and Selma, are musicians of re- markable ability. .-

}

PIERRE REMINGTON-One of Ameri- BEN BERNIE-The maestro, as he is ca's finest light opera bassos. Pierre Rem- called, leads one of the most popular or- ington is a member of the Gordon Hampson chestras in the world. Light Opera Company.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 833

HARVEY WILEY CORBETT-The archi- KATHRYN BEHNKE-This is t h e tect of the new National Masonic Memorial Lady," Kathryn Behnke. to Washington is the director of architecture "Lullaby at WRNY.

RADIO ART THEATRE-A stock com- pany devoted to the classics. In the pic- ture are Miss Bellfato, Miss Perry, Mr. Newmark, Mr. Luden, Mr. Pratt and Miss Sonergaard.

hear. This new book and this new plan of WRNY takes away all of the hap- hazardness and vagueness of original broadcast program making. It means that WRNY is promising a definite pol- icy, that, allied with WRNY, is a fixed system and that everything which hap- pens at WRNY is moving along a defi- nite channel of thought. NICHOLAS ORLANDO-He leads the The book is being distributed now and ROSE DREEBEN - The poet -peasant, Roosevelt Concert Orchestra three times a sings the songs of the people in all their I suppose it will not be long before sev- native simplicity. week at WRNY. eral thousands of people will be asking for copies, after we have run out of the first edition and have to reprint. RADIO NEWS has been very generous and has agreed to send this volume out to you absolutely without charge. This book and all that is happening here at WRNY is opening a great new field for radio. It does not seem to me possible, as some have suggested, that with the broadcasting of grand opera in the sort of manner that we bring it, in little tastes, people are no longer going to the opera-quite the reverse. I be- lieve that because we are giving the stories of the opera, the principal melo- dies of the opera, that you, the listener, will find it necessary to go to the real JOHN MARTIN-The most beloved friend performance. I am frank when I say to CUGAT-The Spanish violinist, Xavier of children, directs WRNY's fairy tale Cugat, besides being one of our best violin- you that no radio performance could sat- ists, is a capable and gifted cartoonist. period. isfy me, no matter how fine the artists, the performance, the radio set. I want to see the theatre itself, the stage, the Now let us suppose that you are setting, the actual living performance. who own them. Here is Harvey Wiley particularly fond of light opera and There is, on the other hand, the individ- Corbett, one of the world's greatest ar- you want to know whenever light op- ual who listens to the broadcasting of a chitects, to tell usaboutarchitecture. Mr. era companies appear. You refer again game, baseball, football. That could Corbett speaks for five minutes a week. to the general index at the back of the never satisfy or be a substitute for the WHAT THE MONTH HAS BROUGHT book and find that heading which gives actual game itself. I remember that Helen Meany, cham- For myself and I you all of the individual companies for WRNY, repeat pion diver, came over ; that Resta Crow- and singers interested in light opera. again and again that we want to make ell gave us a charming presentation of You turn all these pages and find out more people go to theatre, attend the "The Second Mrs. Tanqueray," and I how much light opera is going to be opera and concerts, witness games, read recall the many visits to other lands given you in the course of six months. books, view art exhibits, hear lectures which we made with J. Van Cleft For this new book, which is 64 pages, and live with the actuality. Broadcast- Cooper and the Volga Trio. the size of a magazine, gives you the ing anything is merely an impetus to In grand opera, the DeMacchi Opera whole program of WRNY for a com- the real thing, if it is worth while. Company gave us "Rigoletto." The plete six months' period. So this new book and new plan of Taverna Opera Company gave us "Cav- It gives you pictures of all of your WRNY enables the listener to pick any alliera" and "Il Trovatore" and the favorite people, it provides you with field of human endeavor in entertain- Louis Aschenfelder Company "Manon" the story of their careers and the plan ment and education and acquire enough and "La Boheme." of their offering to you at WRNY. It knowledge and taste for any individual Then there were those gatherings on is extremely interesting and valuable feature to want that feature in actuality. Tuesday evenings, known as "Up and and many hundreds will be constantly Here one can find the entrance into Down Broadway." We had the whole . referring to this book, which will be some unknown field. Let us take archi- cast of "No, No, Nanette," with the as "fixed an ' attachment to their radio tecture. Who is interested in architec- principals, Louise Groody and Charles receiving sets as the dials. It is a com- ture besides the architect? Very few, Winninger; Blanche Ring and Otto pendium of information, a complete and yet all about us are great buildings. H a r back were also here. The curriculum of what you are going to They belong to us as much as to those (Continued on page 867)

www.americanradiohistory.com 334 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Concentric Versus Eccentric S. L. F. Condensers By WM. M. HENDERSON

HE straight-line frequency condenser To counteract the resultant top -heaviness very slowly for the first 70 degrees and is conceded by many engineers and of the rotor either a balance weight must be then at a greatly increased rate for the last radio fans to be the only instrument used or tight bearings become a necessity. 30 degrees. In other words, the S.L.F. con- that will facilitate the tuning of stations Tight bearings will naturally cause a stiff denser is but a greatly accentuated S.L.W. below 300 meters, though there is a tendency 'instrument. on the part of some to sponsor an attempt SEMI -CIRCULAR ROTOR To obtain this straight-line frequency to solve an electrical difficulty by mechanical characteristic with an eccentric plate con- methods. denser the rotor shaft must be placed almost The insertion of a straight-line frequency at one side instead of in the center, thereby condenser in a tuning circuit will make the putting practically all the weight of the rotor plates on one side of the shaft.

SPECIALLY SUPPORTING SHAPED STRIP STATOR A S. F. The photo in Fig. 4 shows an type of concentric rotor plate L. con- ROTOR POSITION AT eccentric type denser in which the stator plates are cut away of S. L. F. condenser, the shape of whose MAXIMUM so as to give the S. L. F. effect. CAPACITY plates are indicated in Fig. 3. FIG.1 tuning of short wave stations as simple and Fig. I shows how the stator plates of a con - In addition to the off -center position, the easy is on as tuning of the long wave stations denser similar to that shown in Fig. 2 are rotor plates are long and narrow in shape, a straight-line capacity instrument, providing cut away. as shown in the diagram in Fig. 3 and the that the circuit used is inherently selective. photos in Figs. 4 and 5. The stator plates The actual history and experimental stages are shaped as shown. of straight-line frequency condensers has and hard turning rotor and as the bearings The combination of an off -center rotor been printed many times before, but one wear, which they will, on account of the and long narrow plates results in a rotating point in the construction of these tuning increased friction, the rotor will become element that is out of proportion mechanic- accessories has never been brought out with loose and the heavy portion will overbal- ally, and so unbalanced that unless a com- sufficient emphasis. ance the shaft and tend to move when the pensating weight is used the extremely tight This point is the construction, or rather, bearings that become essential without the the shape of the plates. There are two gen- balance weight wear out and frequent ad- eral types of straight-line frequency con- justment becomes necessary. In addition to densers, one using the eccentric rotor and this fault, the average eccentric plate S.L.F. the other using the concentric rotor, centered condenser requires panel space almost equal type of plate. As every radio owner wishes to twice its length, due to the long swing to use the instrument that is best mechanic- of the rotor. In this type of condenser, it is ally and electrically in his construction of almost impossible to maintain perfect rotor and stator plate alignment, due to the long SPECIALLY SHAPED ROTOR

(STATOR

SUPPORTING STRIP FIG.3 An eccentric rotor type of S. L. F. condenser using specially shaped rotor to obtain the re- Another and still different type of S. L. F. quired capacity and frequency curves. condenser in which the rotor plates are eccen- trically placed. receiving sets, a detailed description of each type will be given. lever arm of rotor and flexibility of metal. The eccentric plate type of straight-line Straight-line wave -length and straight- frequency condenser is practically an out- line frequency condensers can be designed so growth of the eccentric type of straight-line that tight bearings, balance weights and large wave -length instrument. In the S.L.W. size are eliminated. so that the instrument (straight-line wave -length) the type rotor A tandem type of S. L. F. condenser using will be mechanically correct, and still be plates are cut away on one side. The dimen- concentric rotary plates and shaped stators. electrically efficient. sions of the plate are such that the capacity To do this, the rotor plates are left semi- of the condenser changes to give a straight- circular in shape, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, line wave -length characteristic. This cutting dial is released, thereby making tuning an and the stator plates are cut to give the de- away of the rotor plate unbalances the rotor impossibility. sired characteristic. The stator plate shape by forcing the shaft to carry more plate In the straight-line frequency condenser, given in Fig. 1 is for a straight-line fre- area and, consequently, more weight on one the dimensions of the plates must be such quency instrument. This shaping of the side than the other. that the capacity of the instrument changes stator plates will, of course, incorporate no

www.americanradiohistory.com 111 1.. iY

Science and Invention for January, 1926 835 mechanical defects in the condenser rotor receiving set construction during this year, In tuning with straight-line frequency con- and, therefore, we can have an instrument and probably much more so next year. densers, it is obvious that the capacity varia- with the same smooth operation as was ob- To make double and triple units using tion will not be uniform. The exact way tained in one with a straight-line capacity eccentric plate straight-line frequency con- in which this variation takes place is shown characteristic and yet be a true S.L.F. con- densers would result either in a greater in Fig. 6. However, with a properly de- denser. mechanical failure than in a single unit, or signed inductance, the tuning curve of such Thus, with one operation, an instrument in as great a mechanical failure and, in an instrument will be practically straight when against fre- is made that is mechanically efficient and, addition, there would be a very bulky in- dial settings are charted with proper choice of insulation and insula- strument. quency. Such a curve for a standard ar- tion placement, electrically efficient. rangement of an inductance and a straight- The concentric plate type of S.L.F. con- line frequency condenser is given in Fig. 7. A condenser so designed is known as a denser lends itself admirably to double and Note how the short wave stations are sepa- concentric plate instrument, because the rotor triple unit construction, and no mechanical rated to a greater degree than obtains with is in the center and the plates are mounted or electrical errors need be made. A photo- straight-line capacity condensers and how on the shaft so that the weight is evenly graph of a triple condenser made up of three the longer wave stations are closer together. distributed. concentric plate straight-line frequency con- With a properly designed receiver, this With the increasing popularity of single - densers is given in Fig. 8, which will show makes a nearly perfect balance of tuning. control tuning, the double and triple con- the general lines of good mechanical and Thus the results are nearly all that can be denser is going to become quite a factor in electrical construction. desired.

wod 58 WI NYC- WO EAF 360 WPC 700 WLW WJZ N WHT wJY á300 W WGY ¢ -(31820 WHN WEBH 0240 Ú WBZ WTIC U 940 WSAI K DKA WGR 180 a WPG cc WHAI2 WFBH -120 WRNY WAAM

U- 6 0 WHAP á 13 WBBM 0 14200 0 10 20 30 4.0 50 60 70 8C 90 100 IO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DIAL DEGREES DIAL DEGREES FIG. 6 FIG.7 The curve Fig. 6 shows how the capacity increases as the dial controlling Fig. 7 shows how the increase in frequency plotted against dial degrees the straight line frequency condenser is rotated. Note the gradual increase gives a straight line, and also shows how the various stations are separated. at first and then the rapid increase above 70° on the dial. This curve was made under actual working conditions and is accurate.

Grid Leaks-The Biggest Little Things in Radio By FRANCIS R. EHLE*

FOR a great many years after the in- that one million or two million ohms of re- much gasoline, the motor is choked and, as a troduction of the three element vacu- sistance are required to enable the accumu- result stops, and by the same token if the um tube to the radio art, the use of an grid leak allows too much of a charge to re- extremely high resistance in series ; METAL END CAPS-.. main on the grid of the tube, it chokes or as with the grid of the tube was mostly a mat- ,INSULATING we say paralyzes. If the carburetor is fed ter of hit or miss. Wireless operators, who VARNISH too little gasoline, decreased power results at heart are all experimenters, found that a in the motor and our analogy to the grid leak pencil line or a smear of ink connecting the is still correct as when the grid leak is of terminals of the grid condenser, made a very too low a value decreased sensitivity results considerable difference in the sensitivity of in the receiver. The grid leak may be considered as a valve their receiving set. Eventually manufactur- 'GLASS ROD ers of wireless equipment incorporated a SOLDERED controlling the amount of electrical energy METAL FILM FIG. 1 Cross-section of a grid leak unit using a metal- ' lized resistance, showing construction. lated charge of the incoming signal to leak FIG off the grid of the tubes in time for the grid to be free for the succeeding electric charge. Another type of variable grid leak to be A grid leak with metallized resistance element mounted in a standard clip holder. which is accurately made. that the detector tube can efficiently take care crude high resistance to accomplish this re- of without overload. sult. Any loose connection or minute electrical Since the advent of radio for the disburse- defect in the grid circuit is more apt to cause ment of entertainment to millions, the grid noisy crackling reception than in any other leak has come into more and more respect portion of the receiving circuit, because in and it is now considered verily "The biggest the detector tube the actual transforming of little thing in radio." Changes in tube con- energy from the ether to audible sound takes as regards the various voltages used struction, A standard type of variable grid leak adapted place, to be amplified many times in the au- for their operation, different types of fila- to panel mounting. dio frequency portion of the set. Thus any ments, a multiplicity of circuits, all mean a imperfection in the grid leak, because it is in different value of grid leak for most efficient A simple analogy may be made of the car- the grid circuit of the detector tube, is cer- operation. buretor of an automobile. The motor is the tain to make itself well heard in the loud When the specifications call for a "one detector tube of the receiver, the carburetor speaker. meg" or "two meg" grid leak, they mean the grid leak. If the carburetor is fed too (Continued on page 869) 'Vice -President of Durham & Company, Inc.

www.americanradiohistory.com 836 Science and Inceniii n for January, 1926 Broadcasting Station on Yacht

THE growth of radio has THE photo at the left shows been so great in the past few the daughter of the owner years that we are not surprised of this floating broadcast sta- at any time to see a complete tion operating the transmitter broadcasting station in a most and conversing with a shore sta- unusual situation. Such is the tion. The transmitter is located case with the station that is illus- in the pilot house of the yacht trated on this page. Owned by and can be seen above and to the Powel Crosley, Jr., of Cincin- right of the receiver. The latter nati, Ohio, this installation pro- is located directly in back of the vides the owner with many control arm. With this outfit, hours of interesting experimen- conversation is often carried on tal work. Inasmuch as the sta- with other vessels, the replies tion can be used under totally usually being in code. The re- different conditions merely by sults obtained are all the more traveling to a distant point, re- remarkable, not only because of sults can be observed that would the low power used, but because not be found with a permanently of the peculiar conditions under fixed location. The station oper- which the set is operated. Un- ates on low power, but has a usual and interesting results comparatively long range. have been attained.

The yacht Mumma, upon which this portable broadcasting station is located, is shown in the photograph directly below. Note how the of the aerials are hung from the only mast and are supported at opposite Aclose-upcenter suspen- ends of the craft. This installation had to be especially designed for sion of the unique the particular use to which it is put and much experimental work had aerial used on to be done before the best of results could be obtained. board this yacht is shown in the photo- graph at the left. Note that four small cage aerials are u s e d. The cages that are placed end to end a r e connected i n series so as to give the effect o f a straight cage. Even though the aerial wires are quite low as compared to the usual broadcasting aerial, t h e results obtained show that t h e installation is quite efficient.

Condenser Radio in Business now the busi- BRASS, COPPER GLASS TUBE BENT ANDness man can OR ALUMINUM UP TO FORM have his radio set with ROD HANDLE him all during the day. BRASS One ingenious fan has TUBE A built the set into one of the drawers of his desk in such a way that the drawer can be closed and the radio set completely covered and placed out of sight. Another drawer BAKELITE, FIBER GLASS TUBE can contain the batter- OR HARD RUBBER SLIDES INSIDE ies while the loud SPACING COLLAR BRASS TUBE A speaker is placed on the top of the desk. A simple variable condenser that will find many uses Various new s items around the experimenter's workshop may be made and market reports of as shown above. No dimensions are given as they interest to the busy may be varied to suit the material on hand. The - center electrode acts as one plate of the condenser executive can be re and the external tube as the other. Varying the c e i v e d immediately position of the glass tube changes the effective without any loss of capacity of this compact variable condenser. time. A set of this na- -G. H. Waetjen. ture is simple to make.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 837 Five -Tube Set on A.C. or D.C. Power Unit Supplies Both "A" and "B" Potentials from 110 Volts A.C. or D.C.

THE photograph at the XTOTOT only is this new right shows the exter- radio s e t self-con- nal appearance of this tained, if we except the uew radio receiving set. aerial and ground, but it Note the pleasing balance furnishes its own table of sections that is obtain- upon which log sheets and ed by placing the two other data can be placed grills on either side of the and which also serves as radio receiving -set panel. an arm rest for tuning. One of these grills covers This table folds up against the mouth of an efficient the face of the set so as loud speaker, while the to protect the dials and other is a dummy and panel from dust and so as merely serves to preserve to hide the set from sight balance. In back of it is when it is not in use. The the power supply unit, view at the left shows this which supplies the fila- A view of this new five -tube leaf in operating position, ments and plates of the set that operates on A.C. with- practically representing a tubes from A.C. or D.C. out any' annoying burn. flat -top folding desk.

SO much interest has been manifested of former from affecting other instruments. By Note that the filaments of all of the tubes late in battery eliminators of all kinds doing this it is entirely possible and prac- are connected in series. By doing this, small- that we are presenting herewith an illus- tical to incorporate the unit in the same cab- er wire can be used on the filament secondary trated description of a radio receiving set inet with the set as can be seen in the right- winding of the transformer as that winding which is not only selective and stable in oper- hand illustration in the center of this page. has to carry only slightly more than one - ation, but which also incorporates an "A" The construction of the battery eliminator quarter of an ampere. In order to aid still and "B" battery eliminator in the same itself is quite unique. Two rectifying tubes further in reducing the hum and to obtain cabinet. are employed so that both halves of the A.C. quite critical control over the detector tube,

rj LOUD II0V. A.C. 110V. D.C. METAL BOX HERE AS SPEAKER-- SET SOCKET. SOCKET ACTS . , SHIELD TWO Ilm' e,, RECTIFYING II TUBES ®°`1 TRANS- e © - FORM ER 1111 -n enir úr 6R - J - METAL 3 CHOKE, - FILTER HORN COILS CONDENSERS

various parts of this directly above indicates the appearance of this set when The general view above shows the placement of the The photograph both halves of the cycle. the leaf is folded up and the receiver is not in actual use. novel set. The battery eliminator rectifies

said that a battery elim- wave can be rectified and utilized. Before a 400 -ohm resistance is shunted across the It has often been resistance is inator of any type, when used in connection the current enters these tubes, it goes through filament of the detector. This should be placed the transformer. The choke coils and filter variable and the position of the arm is to be with a radio receiving set, are obtained. a distance from the set proper. This condensers serve to smooth out the rectified changed until the best results at quite set employs two stages of radio is because of the fact that the magnetic field current, which in itself is not pure enough to Since this interact with some be used on the radio set. This smoothing frequency amplification, it is necessary to of the transformer may in the cir- radio set, and cause a loud hum action produces practically pure D.C., which provide some sort of stabilization part of the tubes. This is done to be heard when in operation. This, how- when applied to the plates of the tubes does cuits of the first three by the manufac- not produce any objectionable hum when the by means of three 400 -ohm stabilizing resist- ever, has been overcome of the first turers of this particular unit by the simple set is used with two stages of audio frequency ances inserted in the grid circuits the eliminator amplification and the received signals are .re- three tubes as shown in the diagram below. expedient of placing all of and squealing apparatus in a metallic box. This acts as a produced in the loud speaker, as demonstra- Thus oscillation is prevented shield and prevents the field of the trans - tion proved. eliminated.

400 OHM STABILIZING .------RESISTANCES-) R. F. T. k R.F.T. v Vvv\ TO AUDIO FREQ. AMPLIFIER

S VARIABLE 11 RESISTANCE 400 OHMS AUDIO FREQ FILAMENTS IN SERIES

o o E_-"A" AND' B" ELIMINATOR 0+ 8+ VOLTS APPROXIMATELY 221/2 DET AMP -4 --METAL BOX SHIELDS FOR ALL FILAMENTS IN SERIES - ELIMINATOR

tap at diagram the radio frequency and detector parts of this set Note that the filaments are all in series and are supplied by a The circuit of eliminator unit. rs shown above. The audio frequency amplifier is of standard construction. approximately 221/2 volts on the battery

www.americanradiohistory.com 838 Science and Invention for January., 1926 Three Tubes Do the Work of Four By SIDNEY E. FINKELSTEIN, Assoc., I. R. E.

pROBABLY the most interesting of nature and uses parts similar to those shown, all radio receiving sets, both from the they should be arranged on the baseboard in experimenter's and the broadcast lis- much the same manner as can be seen in the tener's standpoint is the reflex circuit. various photographs. Be sure to mount the Not only can a saving in tubes be effected, audio frequency amplifying transformers so, but some exceptional and frequently astound- that their cores are at right -angles to each ing results are often obtained. The saving other, and also place the radio frequency feature in itself is a great one from two amplifying transformers a few inches apart. viewpoints. First, the initial cost of the This can be accomplished by placing them as entire set is reduced when the reflex prin- shown. ciple is employed, A front view of this neatly designed and com- because of the fact that pactly constructed three -tube reflex set em- A novel method of mounting the crystal fewer tubes and sockets need be purchased. bodying two stages of radio frequency and two detector is indicated. Two pieces of bus Then too, the upkeep is reduced because, stages of audio frequency amplification. bar, such as that used in wiring the set, are considering the particular set under discus- bent up at the ends and loops are formed so sion, only three tubes are employed, they it were surprising. "DX" stations could be that the ends of the cartridge type crystal give the results of four but still they only tuned in with little or no trouble and could detector can be clamped in them. In this consume as much filament current as three. be reproduced with the loud speaker. Local way, connections are eliminated and the ne- This in itself is a big feature, inasmuch as stations came in with wonderful volume and cessity of using a special mounting for the your "A" battery will last much longer in some cases it was even necessary to cut crystal detector is done away with. Note with this three -tube reflex circuit than with down on the filaments or to detune slightly, how the fixed condensers are mounted di- a standard four -tube set. inasmuch as the volume delivered was too rectly on the audio frequency amplifying A year or two ago the building of a re - great for the loud speaker to handle when transformers. Here again, one or two short

------RADIO FREQUENCY TRANSFORMERS ------0 (=> j.00035 a Ine P.oó pS. MF VAR. 0 0 ,/ COND. «B. 0 0 ; e a i T CRYSTAL DET. -W^ .00035 ME VARIABLE , CONDENSER .00025 =.001 MF --- S Ne, MF SWITCH. - .002 MF.

AUDIO TRANSE AUDIO TRANSE. °B" BATTERY I , 45 TO 90 V. -_ 1010

The circuit diagram shown above gives all the connections necessary for in the diagram and if another is desired, it can be connected as described hooking up this highly efficient, tube -saving circuit. Only one jack is shown in the text. Use a good fixed crystal detector.

flex circuit was a hazardous proposition in- the set was operating on its greatest effi- leads are eliminated with an increase in effi- asmuch as one contemplating this work had ciency and directly on the wave-length of ciency. to purchase the various instruments on the the transmitting station. Inasmuch as the third tube is used only as open market and was not sure that the dif- Reference to the circuit diagram given an audio frequency amplifier, another jack ferent transformers would work together shows that the three tubes constitute two can be placed in the circuit shown here by correctly. Today much of this trouble can stages of radio frequency and two of audio connecting the two inside springs to the be eliminated because of the fact that vari- frequency amplification. A crystal detector primary of the audio frequency amplifying ous manufacturers of radio instruments have is used as the rectifier rather than a vacuum transformer and connecting the two outside

The top view, shown above, indicates the placement of practically all of The rear view shows more of the details. Note the position of the the apparatus necessary for making up a set of this nature. fixed condensers on the audio frequency amplifying transformer. realized the need for matched parts that will tube, because of the fact that if a good fixed springs to the wires which in the diagram give good results in reflex circuits and, there- crystal detector is employed, controls are are connected to the transformer. In this fore, have put on the market, kits of instru- eliminated and the results are very good. way, by placing a plug in the jack so con- ments which when hooked up correctly, will The set is quieter in operation and the re- nected, only one stage of audio frequency give the very best results with the least production is clearer inasmuch as the distor- amplification will be used. This is useful trouble. tion, slight though it may be, that is often for tuning in "DX" stations or for listening The set illustrated in the photographs on found in vacuum tube detectors, is elimi- in when it is not desired to operate the loud this page was made from standard parts put nated. speaker and disturb other members of the up in kit form. The results obtained with If the reader intends to build a set of this f amtly with the volume.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 839 An All-round Broadcast Receiver Describing a Set That Is Simple to Operate, Yet Selective and Stable By A. DOLID

REGARDLESS of the fact that the past two or three years of intensive radio development have brought out hundreds of so-called new and un- usual circuits, still there are certain types that when properly built and operated have withstood the test of time, and are with us today in practically the same form that they assumed when first presented to the radio public. Probably the best example of this type of receiving set is that shown here and known as the Reinartz receiver, in which certain connections are used that have re- mained practically unchanged. in- Here we see a rear view of this well made three -tube Reinartz receiver. The detector tube and the Although no exceptional features are audio frequency amplifier are mounted on a small sub -panel. corporated in this article, still the results that can be obtained with the set are so good that we feel that the details given will two. Either type of winding will be found taken. This completes the winding of the be welcomed. If you have a set of this type satisfactory. As shown in the diagram in inductance coils, which should be wired up in your experimental laboratory, you can the center of this page, two coils are used according to the diagram. Thus we see that turn to it at any time you desire, when you and one of these is divided into two parts. we have a secondary consisting of a total of are tired of using "funny" sets that give When malting up your coil, wind the plate 50 turns of wire tuned by a .0005 mf. vari- "funny" results, and be sure that the old coil on the form nearest the center. Wind able condenser. The 12 -turn section con- reliable standby will enable you to do almost 60 turns of wire, connecting the inner end stitutes the antenna coil and the 60 -turn anything that can be expected of a three- of the winding to the first switch -point on winding is the feed-back or regeneration coil. tube receiving set. one of the five point switches. Then take Regeneration is to be controlled by the As can be seen in the photograph in the off a tap every 12 turns, connecting the four 5 point switch as well as by one of the .0005

SINGLE CIRCUIT _-- 5 TAPS ,72 MEG. DOUBLE , AUDIO TRANSE- - TURNS CIRCUiI JACK` EACH JACK P. /S. P.YS. _ O - . , C=.1 o ,C=> a CD, 0 r=> 12 15 TURNS C= SINGLE 0 K=> . TURNS 41 º,O C0000

.0005 MF R.F.CHOKE VARIABLE COND. P.HEOSTAT 0 k,22í2 V. TAP .0005 ME O o0 >l1IIF_ VARIABLE O CON D. 5 TAPS BATT. ----- IIUI!tIIuIIIIIIIIIIIIIII +"B°GATT. ----12 TURNS EACH 45 90V.

The circuit diagram of this receiving set shown above indicates all of the eliminate any body capacity effect. Standard parts should be used to insure necessary connections for hooking up the various instruments. In the case the best possible results. Use a 5 to 1 ratio transformer in the first stage of the tuning condenser, connect the rotor plates to the ground so as to and a 3 to 1 ratio in the second stage. upper right-hand corner of this page, the taps so formed to the remaining four switch- mf. variable condensers. This is the least two inductances used are wound on the same points. Connect the remaining end of the critical control, whereas the other variable form, which is nothing more or less than winding to the stator plates of one of the condenser is just the opposite and requires an ordinary spider -web form 4 inches in .0005 mf. variable condensers. the finest tuning. The rest of the set, as diameter and with the usual odd number of Then, starting a new coil, wind 12 turns can be seen from the photographs and draw- slots. Thirteen, fifteen or seventeen slots of wire, making a tap on every turn. Con- ing, is quite conventional with the exception will be perfectly OK. No special number are nect these taps to the 12 point switch as of the radio frequency choke. This should necessary. The coil is wound in the usual shown,. Then wind 15 turns without any preferably be connected on the other side of over one and under one leg of the form, or taps and take off a lead at the fifteenth turn. the double circuit jack from that shown in a variation of this method can be ùsed, and Continue with the winding, taking a tap the drawing. It may consist of a form, 1 the turns can be wound under one and over every 7 turns until four more taps have been inch in diameter by 5 inches long, wound for its total length with No. 30 S.C.C. wire. It functions to make the regeneration control smoother and more stable. We are sure that any of our readers who construct a radio receiving set of the type outlined in this article will be more than pleased with the results that they obtain with the same. We do not claim phenomenal re- ception ranges or enough volume to rattle the windows in houses two blocks away, but we do claim for this receiver the same thing that a good many people claim for the lowly "fliv- ver" ; it will get you there and bring you back. The set will give you good reception under practically all conditions and if your in- struments, tubes and batteries are in good The panel, view shows the neat construction of this set. The two vernier dials control the tuning shape, you will seldom if ever have trouble. and regeneration condensers. The switches also aid in the same way. The knack of tuning this set is quickly learned, as the controls are simple. And so, folks, there are the details-go to it.

www.americanradiohistory.com 840 Science and Invention for January, 1926 RADIO ORACLE In this Department we publish questions and answers which we feel are of interest to the novice and amateur. Letters addressed to this Department cannot be answered free. A charge of 50c is made for all questions where a personal answer is desired.

INTERFLEX WITH A. F. second stage amplifier, when it is connected across receiving set that you mention to one employing the primary or the secondary of the second audio a variometer for tuning. The results would be (423) Q. 1. Richard Savage, Hoboken, N. J., frequency transformer? far from satisfactory, as the circuit would not be has built one of the one -tube regenerative Inter - A. 1. The resistance you mention should have very selective and it would radiate more than the flex receivers described in the December. 1925, a variable value of from 10,000 to 100,000 ohms. one you mention in your letter.

COMBINATION TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER TO AERIAL (429) Q. 1. H. F. Gustine, Jr., New Orleans, .00025 ME. La., mentions a circuit of a standard combination COUPLER-, "TO 001 MF transmitter and receiver and asks what "B" bat- CRYSTAL tery voltage CONDENSER should be applied to a fairly hard -SEC. DETECTOR tube being used in the circuit. A. 1. A "B" battery voltage between 100 and 250 volts should be used. The higher the voltage, .0005 ME. up to the limit of the tube, the better the trans- VAR. mission will be. GOND»" P Q. 2. What size coils should be used in this circuit for working on the upper amateur band of FIXED wave -lengths? PRI F A. 2. The coil in RESISTOR primary this circuit should AUDIO consist of about 19 turns of No. 16 wire, wound TICKLER' TRANSE on a 4 -inch diameter form. The tickler should LEADS consist of about 12 turns, wound on a smaller form and arranged so that it can be rotated within the primary. It would be advisable for you VARIABLE COND.'' to add a .00025 mf. variable condenser in this cir- 2TO 20 MME 22%2V-\ cuit, connecting it across the oscillator coil. This will aid considerably in tuning. Kindly note that --TO GROUND you cannot operate this set as a transmitter unless IIIIIIIIIIIII you obtain an amateur's transmission license. IIIIBIIIIlIIIG IIIIIIIIIIBIIIIII Furthermore, it can only be used legally for phone transmission "B' BATTERY- 90 V. on a wave -length band of 170 to 180 meters. Q. 3. What kind of an aerial should be used for transmission between 150 and 200 meters? A. 3. Regarding the aerial for use in connec- tion with this set, we would advise a 1, 2 or 4 wire affair, 50 feet long over all and situated as high as possible. Either a ground or counter- poise can be used and for transmission, the latter will probably give the best results. It should be the same size as the aerial and should be located about six or eight feet from the ground. It need not necessarily be placed directly under the aerial, hut can be run in any convenient direction. It is to be connected to the ground binding post of the combination set, whereupon the ground itself is not used for transmission.

SIMPLE RECEIVER (430) Q. 1. James Moore, Chicago, Ill., wants to know how to hook up a fixed coupler of the

same type used in . - The Interflex circuit, such as described in the December, 1925, issue of this magazine, will give as tuned radio frequency am loud speaker volume on many stations if equipped with a single stage of audio frequency ampli- fication. The complete circuit for this work is shown in the diagram above.

issue Of SCIENCE AND INVENTION and has INTERPLANETARY RADIO had such good results with it that he desires to (426) Q. 1. Felix Grandich, New York, N. Y., add an additional stage of audio frequency am- asks: When various attempts have been made to plification so that "DX" stations can be brought communicate with the planets by radio, is a ground in with greater volume. He asks how this should connection used, and if so, why? be hooked up. A. 1. In the proposition you mention, a ground A. 1. In these columns we show both schematic or counterpoise must be used. The reason for and picture diagram of the Interflex receiver with this is that a condenser must be formed at the an additional stage of audio frequency amplifi- transmitting end and this is realized by the use cation. The additional tube should be very easy of an aerial as one plate and the ground as the to add as the connections are not at all compli- other. cated. Use a well made A.F. transformer with Q. 2. Is the "radio roof" or Heaviside layer about a 3 to 1 ratio between the two windings. an accepted explanation for various vagaries of radio waves? A. 2. The "radio roof" is still the subject of a mooted question among various radio experts BALANCING TUBES and in our opinion, it is a quite probable ex- planation of the eccentricities of short waves. (424) Q. 1. J. B. Bennett, Honton, Kan., asks how to determine what tubes will be best to use in certain parts of a Super -Heterodyne receiver. REPETITION IN SUPER -HET. A. 1. We would suggest that you try balancing Q. 1. your tubes in the following manner : (427) L. G. Benjamin, East Walling- Remove all tubes from the set except the last de- ford, Vt., says that he has built up a Super -Heter- tector tube and last intermediate radio frequency odyne receiver and finds that he can tune in the amplifier tube. Light both tubes and keep all same station on two different points on the oscilla- values constant, with the exception of the poten- tor dial. It sometimes happens that certain sta- tiometer. Varying the potentiometer arm should tions can be tuned in on three settings of the dials. result in the production of a rushing sound, or a The Super -Heterodyne in use is of the Tropadync click, at one position of the arm. This denotes type. oscillation of the tube. Three tubes that oscillate A. 1. It is usual to tune a station in at two at exactly the same spot (position of the potenti- different points on the oscillator dial. We cannot ometer arm) are to be used as intermediate fre- suggest any method for preventing the receiving quency amplifier tubes. All tubes to be tested are of a station at two different settings. placed in the last intermediate frequency amplifier If a station is received three times, the extra tube socket, one after the other, the one detector reception may be due to one of the Tropaformers tube being used throughout the test. A tube being off tune or to one or both of the variable that oscillates readily will make a good oscillator condensers being of rather poor construction and A very simple yet selective and stable single tube. Tubes that will not oscillate at all are not resulting in an irregular capacity. It may also he tube regenerative circuit is shown above. This very good. After these general characteristics of due to the fact that you hear a harmonic of the set is easy to hook up as well as to operate. your tubes have been found you may place them in wave. the set in the positions determined as desirable for them. plifiers with a variable condenser, a variometer CHANGING SET and a vacuum tube. (428) Q. 1. W. A. Bazar, Painesville, Ohio, A. 1. This set can be hooked up by following VOLUME CONTROL is using a loose coupled type of regenerative re- the diagram given in this column. The results will ceiver and wants to know if we would recommend be very good and the set will be quite selective. (425) Q. 1. D. B. Browilow, Middletown, him to change it to one employing a variometer Simplicity is also a feature inasmuch as only one Conn., asks: What value of variable resistance for tuning. tuning control and one regeneration control are should be used for controlling the volume of a A. 1. We would not advise yo" to change the necessary.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science alid Invention for January, 1926 841 SET PORTABLE SET on more than 22% volts. We would, therefore, ALL -WAVE along this line, start- (436) Q. 1. Andrew S. Edison, Cleveland, suggest that you experiment (431) Q. 1. L. C. Naeser, Hampton, Va., says ing with 16 volts and noting the results. In- that his Neutrodyne receiver does not operate Ohio, asks for some details on building a portable incorporated in a suitcase. crease the plate voltage until the signals do not satisfactorily over the entire band of broadcast set that can be get any louder. You will find that this point is wave -lengths. Other than a slight squeal on some A. 1. A radio receiving set employing two or radio frequency amplification either the best for the operation of the tube you are low waves, the results are quite satisfactory, but three stages of trying out. he desires to know how even this effect can be tuned or untuned, a detector and two stages of be incorporated done away with. audio frequency amplification may "B" ELIMINATORS A. 1. Since you say that the results with your in a suitcase and used with a loop aerial to very we would not advise you good advantage. Standard parts may be used in (440) Q. 1. C. G. Lindahl, Seattle, Wash., Neutrodyne set are good, in the to change the set further. When a Neutrodyne a set of this nature and circuits for the same have refers to the "B" eliminators described signal strength is been published in past issues of this magazine. We September, 1925, issue of this magazine and asks set is slightly unbalanced, the all types usually greater than when it is properly neutral- regret to say that we do not have any blueprints whether or not they can be used on ized because of the losses found in the neutral- covering a set of this nature. of sets. izing condensers. Here is where the whole trouble in your set lies. The capacity in your neutralizing control the set over the band condensers will only TO ANT. in which you say you get perfect neutralizing. .00025 MF., Below this band this neutralizing effect is lost and squeal," the result is that the set tunes in "on the Ná TO PRI. /1=, in the same manner as a regenerative receiver. We would advise you to refer to the article en- titled, "A Novel Six-in -One Receiver," which .0005, appeared in the November, 1925, issue of this magazine. A Neutrodyne receiver that is properly neutralized over its entire range is described NEUTRO - therein. FORMER RHEO. GALENA .001 MF"; 1. E. T. Anderson, Kenilworth, (432) Q. .001 MF Mont., asks: What is galena? Is it a natural .001 MF oáv or synthetic product? CELL A. 1. Galena is a natural mineral found in large deposits and the chemical name of it is lead sul- phide. It can be purchased from any radio supply 22'í3V store. Lead sulphide can be made artificially by chemical processes and, if properly made, will receive. NIIIIMII IIIIIIIIIIIIII

VARIOMETER TROUBLE 'AUDIO (433) Q. 1. L. T. Wick, New Ulm, Minn., TRANSF is using a variometer in the plate circuit of a vacuum tube set, but says that the addition does not seem to make any difference in the operation of the set in question, inasmuch as the set does NEUTROFORMER not work any better than it did before the vari- ometer was inserted. He asks our assistance. A. 1. Your variometer should function if con- nected into the circuit correctly and if the vari- ' ometer is perfect. If the variometer is open cir- cuited, the set would not work at all: If short circuited, the set would operate as you describe. If your variometer is too small, the results would also be similar.

GRID RETURN (434) Q. 1. Frank Bartlett, Houston, Texas, asks if a fixed condenser should be used in a po- tentiometer circuit and if so, how it should be connected. of one stage of radio frequency A. 1. Such an addition is quite desirable as it Here is a novel type of two tube reflex receiver giving the effect provides a by-pass for the R.F. current around amplification, detector and one stage of audio frequency amplification. Use good instruments in the high resistance potentiometer. The condenser a set of this nature and you will be assured of good results. is connected from the center post of the potentio- meter to one or the other of the two remaining the ex- shown in REFLEX A. 1. All of the "B" eliminators with terminals. The connections are clearly ception of the first one described can be used the diagram in these columns. (437) Q. 1. George Watkins, San Francisco, with practically any radio receiving set. In the Calif., asks for a reflex circuit not employing a be used is case of the first eliminator, this cannot crystal detector but in which the first tube on a set in which the filament circuit is grounded. tuned by a standard neutroformer and the detector If such is the case, the connection between the circuit by the tuned impedance method. be removed GRID RETURN in filament circuit and the ground must A. I. The required circuit will be found before the "B" eliminator is connected to the set. 1 M F. these columns as requested. The antenna circuit CONDENSER is tuned by a neutroformer and the coil, L, and EXPERIMENTAL LOOP RECEIVER the condenser, C, constitute the tuned impedance circuit for the detector tube. The coil, L, con- (441) Q. 1. Wm. H. Schwingel, Dansville, sists of approximately 60 turns of No. 22 D.C.0 N. Y., has a Neutrodyne receiver oil hand and TO 'wire on a 3% -inch tube and the winding should desires to make up another set with a loop aerial "A" preferably be tapped every 10 turns; the amount that can be used for experimental purposes. He BATT. of inductance in the plate circuit is controlled by asks our advice as to the best type of circuit to POTENT] OM ETER means of a switch. The condenser, C, has a ca- employ in this experimental set. --=r pacity of .0005 mf. The rest of the instruments A. 1. Possibly the best three -tube receiver for in this circuit are standard. you to make up for experimental use on a loop antenna would be one using two stages of tuned GRID RETURN radio frequency amplification and a vacuum tube REFLEX TROUBLE detector. If you want to do so, you can convert (438) Q. 1. Edward Evers, St. Louis, Mo., your Neutrodyne so that it can be used on a loop says that he has built a reflex,cricuit but cannot by disconnecting the secondary or grid and fila- get any results with it. He describes his trouble ment connections of the first neutroformer and TO and our composite reply is given below. connecting the two terminals of the loop to the 'A" A. 1. We give you the following suggestions set. In other words, the loop is connected in place you are experi- BATT. in order to clear up the difficulty of the secondary of the first neutroformer. The POTENTI OM ETER-' encing with your receiver. Try removing the variable condenser is left in the circuit and will by-pass receiver across the phones. It may be be found to be connected across the loop. The shorted. Make sure that you have a sensitive condenser will then tune the loop circuit in the crystal. Perhaps your sole trouble is due to a same way as it formerly tuned the first radio very poor contact on the crystal or that it is frequency circuit. A fixed condenser connected to a potentiome- contacts, addition. entirely worthless. Clean the tube A satisfactory loop may very easily be home- ter as shown above is a desirable tighten up the variable condenser bearings, blow made. No special precautions are necessary as off the dust from the plates, see that the connec- insulated wire is usually used, but if you desire tions are tightly soldered and make sure that you to make it of the most efficient type, provide hard "C" BATTERY are using a good grid leak. Try increasing the rubber or bakelite spacers for the wires. (435) Q. 1. George Kinsman, Chicago, Ill., plate voltage to the amplifier tube and try revers- asks whether or not the use of a "C" battery ing the polarity of the "A" battery. ULTRADYNE QUERIES consumption. will decrease the "B" battery (442) Q. 1. J. P. Holloway, Hazelwood, A. 1. By applying a certain voltage, which DRY CELL TUBES Pittsburgh, Pa., asks in what direction the coils must be determined by experimentation, to the receiver are a decrease in "B" (439) Q. 1. William J. Baker, New York used in an Ultradyne wound. grids of the amplifier tubes, 1. coils in the Ultradyne are wound in battery current consumption will he noticed. To City, asks what "A" and "B" voltages should be A. All WD -12 tubes. the same direction. make this addition, remove the amplifier grid return used on the standard a loop, I A. 1. When a WD -12 is used in a set, a stand- Q. 2. If I wish to use only should leads from the negative "A" connections. Connect as use the usually shown in the tuner circuit? amplifier leads together and to the negative ard No. 6 dry cell will give very good results jack the battery. The "B" battery should be as A. 2. If you are going to use only the loop, side of the "C" battery. Connect the positive the "A" to leave out the and the negative side of the high as will give good results, and will vary some- we would advise you jack side of the "C battery to used. make connections to binding posts instead. This "A" battery. Try voltages of from 3 to 6 volts what in accordance with the particular tube Some of these tubes will stand up to 80 volts on will eliminate the possibility of inefficiency due for the "C" battery and use the voltage that seems high loss plug or jack. to give the best results. the plate, while others will not operate satisfactorily to a

www.americanradiohistory.com 842 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Non -Sc(i)ence NEWTON'S LAW REFUTED ELASTIC FORESTS The following Money for Science In the Boys' CAREFULf is taken from the Life for Septem- NOW !!! Kansas City Star Mistakes ber we find the of July 25th: The newspapers throughout the following line : "An 8 -inch plank, country, as well as the magazines, "A TEN -INCH 20 feet long, fell occasionally err. Sometimes these BOARD WAS today from the errors are misprints. At other CUT TO A third floor of times they are pure scientific mis- LENGTH OF the Commercial statements. If you happen to see TWO FEET." National Bank any of these humorous mistakes We certainly are Building, under in the press, we will be glad to surprised to Kan., and know construction in Kansas City, have you clip them out and send that a ten -inch board will stretch to more struck four men working on the fourth them to us. Give the name of the than twice its original length. They must floor." newspaper or magazine in which have used wood from a rubber fourth floor was below tree. That Now, either the the error appeared and accompany accounts for the stretching. On the other the third, or else the building was being the inclosure with a few humorous hand, by cutting the wood in a zig -zag neither these con- fash- built upside down. If of lines. The most humorous ones ion, one could possibly stretch the -inch ditions hold, a Gernsbackian Anti -gravita- ten will be printed in this department, board to the required length. I have never tional, Screen must have been used. I am and for each one accepted and tried the experiment except with paper. going out to investigate. Ackerman. Will Alvin printed we will pay $1.00. No someone try it with wood and let me know NON-SC(i)ENCE entry will be what happens ?-Henry L. Despard, Jr. accepted, unless the printed origi- OH, RATS! nal accompanies the same. All PRY, PRY AGAIN NON-SC(i)ENCE entries must be The New Or- scientific and addressed to: The leans Times - following Picayune of July Editor, NON-SC(i)ENCE Dept., item was taken Science & from the 4th, 1925, gives c/o Invention Magazine, August 53 Park Place, New York 'City. 23, 1925, issue of the following in- the Arizona Re- teresting report: publican, printed "Theresa Ascani in Phoenix, Ariz.: . . was re- the instruments were called by other than "The woman was ported in an im- their right names much more descriptive proved bitten by the cat condition than the word Fritz. We wonder whether while working at . . after it they are separate instruments or one hybrid an ironing board was thought that she would die from instrument combining organ, piano, saxo- rat in her home here Wednesday. The head poison which she found crawling phone and banjo which answers to the afore- of the cat was pronounced that of an about the house while her mother was said appellation.-Sylvia Lampert. animal with rabies after examination at absent." a pathological laboratory, being pried Our famous insecticide manufacturers loose with should immediately difficulty." get after this type of SPEED PLUS We wonder whether it was the head of the rat poison and find some means of extermi- cat, the rabies or the pathological laboratory nating it, rat poison to A headline in because when starts which was pried loose with difficulty. If it crawl about the house, it is time something the Bicknell was the laboratory, from was Daily News (In- what was it pried done about it. The worst of it is that loose? It must have been a very interesting the crawling commences while the rat diana) of August exhibit, nevertheless. Morgareidge. poison's mother is absent.-F. R. Kiedinger. 12th, 1925, reads K. as f o l 1 ows: "Lightning Bolt EYE -EYE WHERE WILL THE LIGHT COME Hit by Oil In the October Tank." Smart Set the FROM? We have often following ap- In advertising heard of a light- pears: "A long, a benefit festival ning bolt hitting an oil tank, but this is the long whistle came the Grafton (W. first time we have heard of a tank hitting from Don Kel- Va.) Sentinel a lightning bolt. Whoever hurled the oil land. H i s tank at the lightning bolt must have been IEtco says : "Ref resh- a blonde e y e uoHr clever twirler, and as his speed is great broke knitted Music ments of all kinds will be served. enough to catch the lightning bolt napping, and he shook Music will be he should make a first-class pitcher for the his head as if he furnished by C. Giants. Aubrey McClaflin. had suddenly solved something in his E. Warren with mind." Delco light Shaking one's head is evidently a refined system." SHOULD BE BAILED OUT way of expressing contempt for an eye Aint it wonderful what they can do with which has . such a mechanical defect that it An article in breaks knitted. This eye being blonde, the 'lectricity nowadays? If he used the Delco the Chicago Daily light system for furnishing music, what is other might have been brunette. I am still he Tribune of July trying to find out what breaking knitted is. going to use to furnish the light?- 23, 1925, reads as Bill Doll. I know a break can knit, but I am not aware follows: "A n of how a blonde eye "broke knitted."-S. ocean - going Wick. JUMP FRITZ yacht loaded with Canadian Scotch DOUBLE JOINTED The following whiskey was cap- appeared in the 1 I tured last night In the St. Louis Lost and Found on the Mississippi Globe- Democrat columns of the River near Medley, Mo., by Sheriff King of June 28th, we Denver Express of Charleston, Mo. The yacht, valued find an illustra- in their July 27th at $50,000, is held in the Charleston jail." tion of a stork. issue: "Pipe or- That must be some prison where they can The leg of this gan, saxophone, lodge an ocean-going whiskey -laden yacht. stork is bent the banjo answers The fact that the crew were also wrong way. Evi- name Fritz. Re- detained indicates possibly that they were dently the heat ward. 4928 W. to polish the brass. Besides, what good is a has not only 29th Ave." ship without a crew? It is possible that the affected the We have heard a great many musical yacht will soon escape, because many vessels stork as far as his ability to carry out his instruments called by name before and often (schooners and growlers) have been known duty is concerned, but has also affected his when a string breaks or a reed goes wrong to easily pass over the bars. Alvin Spavin. anatomical structure. Ed. Holm.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 ,J 843 . - -.

IirllljM!1!47 PATENT: n ß 1 t e eetARer iitie . w1 r,,_

Perfume Vaporizer Chiropractor's Aid Battery Carrier

LIGHT i I VAPOR OUTLET II

GLASS/ CONTAINER

PERFUME

No. 1,544,212 issued to J. G. Blaschke pro- THERMOCOUPLES tects the design and construction of a novel No. 1,552,284 issued to D. D. Evins relates No. 1,540,155 issued to Herbert H. Wydom perfume vaporizer of the type shown in the to a novel indicating and detecting instru- and Joseph E. Perrault describes a novel bat- above illustration. An electric light bulb in- ment that is to be used by chiropractors in tery carrier by means of which a storage corporated in the assembly gives a novel ap- the process of spinal analysis. The complete battery can he conveniently transported. The pearance to the vaporizer and also provides apparatus consists of a sensitive galvanome- patent specifications show the drawing re- heat which assists the vaporization of the ter and a small device known as the detector, produced in the upper left-hand corner above perfume, the vapors from which escape incorporating one or a series of thermocou- in which the handle is attached to two piv- through small outlet holes shown. The unit ples, according to the method by which the oted clips which are so designed as to en- is readily taken apart so that the perfume detector is to be used. The type shown in- gage in the handles usually found on storage can be replenished. corporates a series. According to chiroprac- battery containers. tic theories, subluxated vertebrae cause nerve pressure and a consequent increase in heat at the point of pressure. The thermocouples Writing Light being in a balanced circuit indicate the pres- ence of such heat by means of the current Auto Ornament generated acting upon the galvanometer. The latter instrument is of the type where zero reading is at the center of the scale and con- sequently deflections to the left or right in- dicate that the nerve pressure is to the left or right of the spinal column.

Telephone Receiver FIXED CENTER FREE EDGE.

AIR REFLECTOR GAP SURFACE WRITING ELECTRO MAGNETIC MAGNET CUP No. 1,544,313 issued to Jackson B. Gu- maer relates to a novel type of telephone re- ceiver in which the center of the diaphragm MOTOR METER No. 1,541,014 issued to Eduard Wagner de- is fastened rigidly to a central pole and in scribes a novel device that is to be used in which the edge of the diaphragm is free to No. 1,544,160 issued to John I. Kelley cov- connection with an ordinary tubular flash- vibrate. A winding is placed around the ers the construction of the unique ornament light so that the combination can be used for single pole and is energized by the incoming to be used in connection with a motor heat writing in the dark. The attachment is mere- current. The metal shell is part of the mag- indicating device. Placed within the assem- ly a pressed metal reflector and writing sur- netic circuit and the changes in the strength bly as shown is an electric light bulb which face which is equipped with two clips to be of the magnetic field cause the edge of the illuminates the heat indicating device and pressed over a tubular flashlight. Turning on diaphragm to vibrate in exact accordance makes it visible to the driver and which also the latter causes part of the light to be re- with the current pulsations. The width of illuminates the rest of the ornament which, flected up and backward onto the writing the air gap is readily changed by changing in the case illustrated, are an eagle and two surface. the position of the central pole. flags.

www.americanradiohistory.com 844 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Scientific Humor A MEATY PROPOSAL A BLOCK OF LAND I never sausage eyes as thine . FIRST PRIZE $3.00 LAWYER: "My client is suing you for in- And if you'll put your hand in mine HE DOES NOT KNOW juries received from a dangerous obstruc- And liver 'round me every day tion on your property." We'll seek same ham -let far away EMPLOYER: "Does he know anything OWNER: "Why, how about did he get hurt?" We'll meat life's frowns with love's caress electricity?" LAWYER: "He fell from an airplane and And cleaver road to happiness. EMPLOYE: "No, he even wonders your land blocked his fall."-Harry Boya- -Alexander Andulsky, Repórter No. 16644. what kind of a nut belongs on a thun- jian, Reporter No. 5969. derbolt."-L. Keiser, Jr., Reporter PLANT THEM NEAR BED SPRINGS No. 27612. SUNSTRUCK "Isn't it wonderful what can be accomp- TEACHER: "Why is the biggest part of lished in this day and age?" a woman asked an iceberg under water?" of her neighbor. VERY OBSERVING BOBBY: "Because the sun melted away "Indeed it is," she was answered. FIRST DRUNK- the part above water."-Harry Boyajian, Re- "Why, do you know, they now sell shoe EN STUDS: "A porter No. 5969. trees !"-Edna May Bush. shtreet car just pashed yere." SPUTTERS-THEN GOES OUT A CHEAP JOKE . SECOND JACK : "What makes you call Tom a 'live During the recent eclipse, a Scotchman DRU NKEN wire?' " was seen running to the Western Union STUDE: "HOW do PLUG: "That's because he (hic) know?" sputters so office in hopes of sending a night letter.- yer much."-Wm. A. Heitler, Rep. No. 11783. Anthony Chufi. FIRST DRUNK- EN STUDE: "1 TAPS NOTHING LEFT TO SEE (hic) can shee its tracks! '-laines L. Prather. The motorist A girl, a great was a stranger in lover of nature, Boston. It was approaching a evening. A man fisherman, said : INVENTORS WE HAVE MET approached. "Ah, sir, how Brown and Smith passing insane asylum "Sir," said he, well you must where inmate is being taken in: "your beacon has know the face of BROWN: "What's wrong with that guy?" ceased its func- Nature, and know SMITH : "That's the guy who invented tions." all its false a static eliminator. You put a buzzer on the "What?" gasped moods. Have you circuit and it makes a noise so loud that the astonished ever seen the sun you can't hear the static."-Jack Jennings. driver. sinking in such a glare of glory that it swal- "Your illuminator, I say, is shrouded in lowed up the horizon with fire? unmitigated oblivion." "Have you not seen the mist gliding down "I don't quite-" the hilltop like a spectre? Have you never," WE receive daily from one to "The effulgence of your irradiator has she went on impassionately, "seen the moon tzvo hundred contributions to evanesced." struggling to shake off the ragged, rugged this department. Of these only "My dear fellow, I-" storm cloud?" one or two are available. We desire "The transversal ether oscillations in your "No, miss," responded the fisherman, "I to publish only scientific humor and incandesces have discontinued." used to see them things, but now the coun- all contributions should be original if Just then a small newsboy came up and try's dry."-Anthony Libcrtore. possible. Do not copy jokes from old said, "Say, mister, yer lamp's out."-Robert books or other publications as they Elliott. A RECORD TALKER have little or no chance here. By a great deal, doesn't scientific humor we mean only such "Your daughter talks scien- IT MISSED THE ACCUMULATOR she ?" jokes as contain something of a tific nature. Note our prize winners. Receiver-The rent collector. "Yes, I think she must have been vacci- Loud Speaker-Pa, nated with a phonograph needle."-M. Kipp. Write each joke on a separate sheet when Ma bought a and sign your name and address to it. new dress. Write only on one side of sheet. We Earth-What a golfer hits instead of the LAID TO ORDER cannot return unaccepted jokes. Please ball. MARY (at breakfast table) : "Mother, do not enclose return postage. Ohm-Best place in cold weather. how do the hens know the size of our egg All jokes published here are paid Buzzer -The political candidate. cups?"-Lambros D. Callimahos, Reporter for at the rate of one dollar each, be- *Accumulator-The editor's waste paper No. 3503. sides the first prize of three dollars basket. Ralph D. James, Reporter No. for the best joke submitted each 21127. AN APE-IARY month. In the event that two people BELONGS IN send in the same joke so as to tie for POROUS ARE BEST Evo: "It's too the prize, then the sum of three dol- bad Bryan died lars in cash will be paid to each one. A colored man without seeing walked into a you." drug store and said : LUTION : "Why "Ah want do you say that?" NATURALLY one ob dem plas- Evo: "He ters to stick on would have ad- PROF. Or ASTRONOMY: "That star is yoah back." mitted his mistake Venus. It was named after a very beautiful "I see. You about the evolu- woman." mean one of our tion theory."- SMALL VOICE IN REAR: "WaS that the porous plasters." B. P. Blixen. star the Wise Men followed?"-Morton P. "No. Ah don't Rome, Reporter No. 20657. mean no porous plaster. Ah wants de best yoah got."-Clif ton Ask. DEAD MEN TELL, ETC. do LADY : "You're sure one bottle will ILLUMINAT- FOR UNDRESSED KIDS the work?" ING THE The mistress CLERK : "It must do, lady, nobody has of the house was returning ever come back for the second."-Lambros LAW from a party when she was met by the maid. D. Callimahos, Reporter No. 3503. "The baby was very cross when you were The supreme out and I gave him some of his medicine." penalty is called "My stars! What have you given the child? SURE DOES for when the car He had no medicine!" cried the frantic PROF: "Your answer is as clear as mud." carries no head- mother. STUDE: "Well, that covers the ground, light and the driv- "Oh, yes, ma'am, here it is." And she doesn't it?"-Lambros D. Callimahos, Re- er is all lit up.- held up a bottle labeled "Kid Reviver."- porter No. 3503. I. Bercovitch. Edward D. Muir, Reporter No. 14122.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 845

.:

® ter-.2> The "Oracle" is for the sole benefit of all scientific students. Questions 3. Sketches, diagrams, etc., must be on separate sheets. Questions will be answered here for the benefit of all but only matter of sufficient in- addressed to this department cannot be answered by mail free of charge. terest will be published. Rules under which questions will be answered: 4. If a quick answer is desired by mail, a nominal charge of 50 cents is 1. Only three questions can be submitted to be answered. made for each question. If the questions entail considerable research work 2. Only one side of sheet to be written on; matter must be typewritten or intricate calculations, a special rate will be charged. Correspondents will or else written in ink ; no penciled matter considered. be informed as to the fee before such questions are answered.

LOOPING THE LOOP BATTERY PLATES POLARIZED LIGHT Q. (1973) 1. Raymond B. Richards, Burling- (1975) Q. 1. Donald L. Cameron, Strathroy, (1977) Q. 1. Richard Shelby, Indianapolis, ton, Vt., asks us to explain just how the pilot of Ontario, Canada, says asks us to explain polarized light. loop the loop flight. that he has done consid- Ind., an airplane proceeds to during erable experimental work with the construction A. 1. We must first understand that light is, 1. difficult A. This seemingly dangerous and of storage battery plates and that none of the under ordinary conditions, a series of vibrations in feat is in reality one of the simplest possible formulas place in an up-and-down of controls that he has come across so far have the ether which are taking "stunts." The only one the airplane proven to be satisfactory. He asks: Can you and a right -and -left direction as well as in all that is employed is the elevator, or horizontal help two. Each of these The steering rudder, or vertical part of not me out further in this work? oblique directions between the rudder. A. 1. The following, though considered a trade vibrations is, of course, at right -angles to the for- the tail, is kept in a position that keeps the plane secret, is a method used by most battery repair- ward motion of the light wave toward the observ- on a straight course. The ailerons are not moved men: Take red lead 90%, ammonium sulphate 10%, by weight; mix well, breaking up all lumps or crystals. Make into a thick paste with 26° ammonia. Make no more than what can be ap- plied in two or three minutes. Apply with a wooden paddle to the positive plates. Place the pasted plates between sheets of blotting paper, and weight heavily for 20 minutes in order to remove all surplus moisture. When removing the blotting paper, be careful that the paste is not removed also. Now place the plates in the sunlight, and allow to dry for 24 hours. The same procedure should be followed with the negative plates, but using yellow lead oxide, 94%, and ammonium sulphate 6%, by weight, and making a paste with 26° ammonia 85%, and glycerine 15%, by weight. After drying in the sun, and removing all sur- plus paste, the positive plates are ready for sul- phating. This is accomplished by making a solution of sulphuric acid 14% and water 86%. The positive plates are dipped into this solution, one at a time, withdrawn, and after three or four seconds again dipped. This is repeated three or four times, and the plates finally left in the solution for 18 to 20 hours, no more. The plates are then washed in several changes of water for two or three hours. The negative plates do not need sulphating, as they are hard enough with- When viewed through two tourmaline crys- Diagram above shows how airplane loops the out it. tals, light produces the effect illustrated above. loop as explained in the text. The plates are now placed in the battery box before the electrolyte is added, and connected to the charging source. Electrolyte is added and er's eye. One of the simplest ways of showing the during the entire manipulation. The illustration the battery charged slowly. If the battery is polarization of a light wave is to first look through in these columns aids in visualizing the exact pro- charged and discharged slowly several times, a single crystal of tourmaline. Under these condi- cedure followed. The aviator maintains a speed plates removed and washed and new electrolyte tions, the light passes unobstructed, and if we of at least 75 miles an hour, although this can be used, the life of the battery will be greatly superimpose another crystal of the same substance even less with smaller planes. lengthened. upon the first one, and parallel to it, light still He starts in a downward direction, as at A in passes. If, however, we placed the crystals at the diagram, and when the point B is reached, he right-angles to each other, as shown in the illus- pulls the control stick back, causing the plane's tration in this column, light will only pass through nose to turn upward. At C the plane is well on the four projecting ends, but not through the center. its way to a loop and all this time the motor is RESOLUTION OF FORCES This is because of the fact that tourmaline and some other transparent substances are of such kept at or nearly at full throttle. The stick, or (1976) O. 1. Joseph H. Bernard, Newark, control lever, is held back and soon the plane N. J., asks us to explain and illustrate what hap- construction that they will shut off or refuse to assumes an inverted position, as at D. Here the pens when two forces are acting upon the same transmit all of the vibrations at right -angles to the motor is cut off, or the throttle is nearly closed, object at an angle to each other. direction of the light wave except those parallel to and the plane coasts downward on the remainder the long axes of the crystal. Therefore, when of the loop. When the point E is reached, the the long axes of the crystals are at right -angles stick is slowly but firmly pulled backward and to each other, all light vibrations are cut off, and the plane proceeds in the direction F and G. If this quenching effect of some waves and the trans- the motor is not cut off at the top of the loop. mitting of others in one plane only is what is but is left at full throttle, the pilot will not be able known as polarization. to flatten out quickly and assume a course along F, but will go downward at a greater angle from the horizontal, taking the course H. During all this time, the control stick is moved slowly and firmly COLORING FLOWERS without jerking. This is necessary, as irregular (1978) Q. 1. A. T. Kimball, Rockland, Me., movements will set up great stresses in the struc- asks: How are flowers artificially colored in ture of the plane and may prove dangerous. This various shades? stunt is usually done when flying into the wind A. 1. A method employed by florists to im- and at quite an altitude. part a green color to the petals of "carnation pinks" consists in allowing long-stemmed flowers to stand in water containing a green aniline dye. BOTTLE SEALS When the flowers are fresh they absorb the fluid D C readily, and the dye is carried to petals. (1974) Q. 1. S. Handa, New York City, says the he has made up seals for bottles according A resolution of forces angles is Where the original color of the flower is white, that at clearly colored stripes can be produced upon the petals to the directions given in the October, 1924, issue depicted in diagram given above. by putting the cut of this magazine but says that they become sticky ends into water impregnated and do not dry. He asks us to help him. with a suitable aniline dye. Some of the dye will then be taken up by the capillary action of the A. 1. Undoubtedly, you incorporated too much A. 1. Referring to the diagram in this column stem glycerine in your original mixture. Furthermore, and deposited in the tissue of the petal. will explain just what happens in a case of this If flowers are placed over a basin of water con- do not forget the application of the formaldehyde type. Suppose that two forces act upon point A, and you would somewhat better or taining a very small amount of ammonia in a bell possibly get one of them tending to either pull or push the glass, the colors of the petals will generally show at least different results by mixing the formalde- object at A in the direction of B. The other some marked change. Many violet -colored flowers hyde directly with the glycerine and casein be- force acts toward D. All that we have to do to when so will fore applying to bottles. treated become green, and if the the show the direction in which these two forces will petals contain several tints they will show greens Q. 2. How can I use celluloid for coating var- tend to force the object is to construct a parallel- where reds were, yellows where they were white, ious objects, including corked bottle tops? ogram, ABCD, and construct the diagonal, AC. and deep carmine will A. 2. Dissolve amyl become black. When such the celluloid in acetate. This latter line shows the direction and force in flowers are put into water they will retain their Make up a saturated solution, apply and allow and with which the obiect will move from A. The changed colors to dry. Keep away from flame as this solution for hours. If violet asters are length of the sides AB and AD are determined moistened with very dilute nitric acid, the ray is highly inflammable. by the force in the two directions. florets become red.

www.americanradiohistory.com 846 Science and Invention for January, 1926 ANTI -FREEZING SOLUTIONS age required to operate one hell alone, the bells COLLOIDS must be connected in parallel, as shown in the (1984) Q. 1. R. S. Adams, Pasadena, Calif., (1979) Q. 1. Wm. R. Anderson, Minneapolis, diagram in this column. in August, 1925, Minn., asks: Kindly outline all of the available mentions an article appearing the and practical methods of preventing the freezing issue of this magazine regarding colloids. - He ARC LIGHTS says that the statements made therein do not co- of the cooling solution in an automobile radiator (19?2) Leonard Bradley, St. Louis, Mo., has when latter is being used incide with the experience that he has had with and cylinder jackets the noticed arc lights flickering and going out and then river water. He says that he found it quite in a cold climate and under freezing conditions. lighting up again automatically. He is aware of possible to either filter or settle out the mud in A. 1. A practical manufacturing chemist of the fact that arc lights must be started by striking river water. He also says that milk aids in wide experience gives this: the two carbons together and asks how this is ac- A of common salt is one of settling river water. He asks: Does this prove saturated solution complished automatically. that river water is not colloidal or that my ex- the things to use. It does not affect the metal of A. 1. The diagram in this column shows a the engine, as many other salts would, and is perience has been an exception to the rule? simplified view of an automatic self-regulating arc A. 1. We have referred your letter to Mr. easily renewed. It will remain fluid down to light. When the current is shut off, the solenoids a little below. Raymond B. Wailes, the author of the article 0°F., or are not energized and the upper carbon falls, actu- and give his answer below. A mixture of equal parts of glycerine and ated by gravity, against the lower one. When not crys- "I have your letter relative to the experience water has the advantage that it will the current is turned on, the solenoids are actuated which you have liad with muddy river water and tallize in the chambers, or evaporate readily. and they draw the upper carbon upward, striking It is the most convenient solution to use on this When the gap becomes which were borne to mind by my article. "Col- the arc at the same time. loids" in a recent issue of SCIENCE AND account, and may repay the increased cost over almost wide enough to cause the arc to break, the INVEN- brine, in the comfort of its use. It needs only current in the circuit tends to fall, thus reducing TION. the occasional addition of a little water to make "You are quite right in your statements and it last all winter and leave the cooling system there are explainable facts which could cause the clean when it is drawn off. With brine an in- happenings related by you in your letter. crustation of salt as the water evaporates is "Relative to the river water which you encoun- bound to occur which reduces the efficiency of the tered and which was muddy and from which the solution until the crust is removed. Water fre- solid material was settled out, I would say that the water was not strictly colloidal, but that the mud quently must be added to keep the original volume, was and to hold the salt in solution. A solution of in suspension. Now, here is where the trou- calcium chloride is less troublesome so far as ble comes in. The particles in the suspension crystallizing is concerned, but is said to have a can become so fine that they will then be colloidal. tendency to corrode the metals unless the pure Just where the boundary exists is hard to tell. salt is used. If you use glycerine the solution In all probabilities the water which you allowed will last for two or three winters. to settle was a suspension. Therefore, the fact Anti -freezing solution for automobiles: Mix and should be realized that all muddy water is not filter 4/ pounds pure calcium chloride dissolved colloidal, but all colloidal water is 'muddy.' in a gallon of warm water and put the solution "As to your adding milk to the water to cause in the radiator or tank. Replace evaporation with it to settle, you are right in accepting my stated leakage fact that electrolytes will dispel colloidal fluids. clean water, and with solution. Pure is calcium chloride retails at about 8 cents per That just what your milk did, for it is an elec- trolyte. This can be proved by placing several pound, or can be procured from any wholesale drops drug store at 5 cents. in series with a lamp and a source of cur- Anti -freezing, non -corrosive solution: A solu- rent. The lamp will light. tion for water -jackets on gas engines that will "Again, salt, being an electrolyte, will settle not freeze at any- temperature above 22° below out colloidal water. This is the cause of deltas. The zero (F) may be made by combining 100 parts Mississippi and the Ganges deltas are examples of water, by weight, with 75 parts of potassium of this. Tite colloidal water meets salt water with carbonate and 50 parts of glycerine. This solution the result that the colloidal particles are dropped." is non -corrosive and will remain perfectly liquid at all temperatures above its congealing point. Alcohol (wood or denatured) is also a good ma- terial to use for preventing automobile radiators EARTH SEEN FROM THE AIR from freezing. For medium temperatures, down (1985) Q. 1. M. R. Cavanah, St. Louis, Mo., to 15° F., use 1 part of alcohol to 5 parts of asks: If there were people living on the moon water. For temperatures to zero F., use 1 part or on the planets, would the earth appear luminous of alcohol to 23 parts of water. For tempera- to them, and if so, what is the substance that tures down to 20° below zero, use 1 part of al- would reflect the sun's light so that it could be cohol to 154 parts of water. seen at such a great distance? This diagram shows in detail the construction A. 1. The earth would undoubtedly appear of an automatic arc light and in the text will luminous to denizens of the moon because of'tfle TEAR GAS be found a complete description of the opera- light provided by the sun that would be reflected tion of this light. from the surface of the earth. (1980) Q. 1. W. Gatt, New York City, refers A substance does not have to be "reflecting" to an article appearing in the September, 1925, the strength of the solenoids and maintaining the in the. upper in position. If the arc break, usual sense of the word in order to appear issue of this magazine in which home-made tear carbon should luminous. Just to prove this, consider a body gas bombs are mentioned. He asks for further the upper carbon immediately falls, closing the action will again. that would not ordinarily be assumed to have details on this subject. circuit, and the same take place reflecting properties and place it in a dark room. A. 1. The author of the article, Mr. Raymond A light of this kind is also self -feeding, because, as away, the Direct a beam of light upon it and it will be- B. Wailes, replies as follows: the carbons burn current again tends to come visible because of the light reflected from "The home-made tear gas bombs described by fall, thus diminishing the force of the solenoids and allowing the upper carbon to approach the its surface to the eye of the observer. This is me in SCIENCE AND INVENTION are easy to make, what happens in the case of the luminous heav- and make very effective devices for the home. lower one. The clutch shown is used to permit eiily bodies. They consist of a light weight bottle filled with flexibility of the unit. The ballast coil is to pre- a solution of formaldehyde. This formaldehyde vent surges in the circuit when the arc is struck. solution can be purchased in many drug stores. The resistance of the arc decreases as it gets It is already made up for you, consisting of hotter and the ballast resistance takes care of this factor, as its resistance increases with heat, due ULTRA-VIOLET RAYS about 57% of formaldehyde gas in water. Simply increase use this purchased formaldehyde solution direct to of current. (1986) Q. 1. Clayton Smith, Flushing, L. I., in the light -weight bottle. You can also hold the asks: What substances other than quartz will tip of a burnt out electric bulb under the liquid BURGLAR ALARM allow ultra-violet light to pass through? and snip the tip off at the end. The solution (1983) Q. 1. Joe Cleveland, Peru, Kansas, asks A. 1. Air and a good many of the gases will will then fill the exhausted space within and can for some details for the construction of a bur- allow this to take place, but we cannot name any be sealed by the application of several drops of glar alarm to be placed around a garden so as available solid material that will do so. How- sealing wax over the broken tip." to prevent the depredations that are now common ever, there is a glass manufacturing company in his location. that makes certain types of glass that will pass A. 1. A burglar alarm for a garden is a ultra-violet rays and we will furnish the name BELL CONNECTIONS rather difficult undertaking to install. It is best, and address of this company upon receipt of a envelope. (1981) Q. 1. George Koomis, Miami, Fla., because it is most feasible, to string two or three stamped addressed waists to connect three or more electric bells in one complete turns of No. 36 enameled wire around Q. 2. What substances can be penetrated by circuit, using the same battery and the same push the border of the garden, supported two inches sub -red rays? button to actuate all of them. He asks how the above the ground, and intertwined with the grass, A. 2. Sub -red rays are virtually heat rays. bells should be connected. so that it will not be seen. The ends of the wire Glass and all transparent and many opaque sub- stances are penetrable by sub -red rays. When A. 1. Assuming that the battery is of the volt - are connected in series with a couple of gravity cells, which are in series with the primary of a you feel the heat from an open fire or from an sensitive relay such as a telephone relay. When incandescent heater on your body it means that the intruder unconsciously breaks the circuit, the the infra -red rays from that source are passing elay closes and completes a local bell system, through your clothes to some extent. Try an which of course will notify you of the presence experiment similar to this by placing a piece o of the intruder. opaque paper between your hand and the source.

BE A REPORTER In order to present to the public the very latest scientific details, SCIENCE AND .5C14211Ce and CORRESPONDENT INVENTION maintains a large staff of REPORTER'S field reporters. Anyone of our readers is Invention IDENTIFICATION eligible to join this staff, and upon request a reporter's card will be forwarded together 0 with complete instructions for gathering O/. /1 material. The reporter's card is illustrated THE BEARER OF THIS CARDe....7S"._122272e4/ Gl2/s[TllfY at the right and its use will gain admittance IS AN AUTHORIZED CORRESPONDENT REPORTER OF to many places that would otherwise be SCIENCE and INVENTION MAGAZINE closed to the ordinary person. You need THE PUBLISHERS OF SCIENCE AND INVENTION WILL not have any special ability to obtain one APPRECIATE ANY COURTESY EXTENDED THEIR of these cards other than a desire to help REPRESENTATIVE. others to gain knowledge. EX RIMENTER P LIS CO. Address Field Editor, 'SCIENCE AND IN- VENTION. Submitted manuscripts cannot be re- Three bells may be connected in parallel and turned unless accompanied by postage. operated from one battery as above.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 847

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www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926

Broadcast Calls Stations in the United States Revised to date: First group of figures gives the power-second group indicates the wavelength.

Power Power Call & Wave Call & Wave Letters Location and Name Length Letters Location and Name Length KDKA East Pittsburgh, Pa., Westing- KFJM Grand Forks, N. Dak., Univer- house Electric & Mfg. Co. sity of North Dakota 100-278 Variable -309.1 KFJR Portland, Oregon, Ashley C KDLR Devils Lake, N. D., Radio Elec- Dixon & Son 50-263 tric Co. & Wilson Insurance KFJX Cedar Falls, Iowa, Iowa State Agency 5-231 Teachers' College 50-258 KDPM Cleveland, Ohio, Westinghouse KFJY Fort Dodge, Iowa, Tunwall Electric & Mfg. Co 500-250 Radio Co. 50-246 KDYL Salt Lake City, Utah, New- KFJZ Fort Worth, Tex., South -West- "So you want to house Hotel 50-246 ern Baptist Theological Sem- KDZB Bakersfield, Calif., Frank E inary 50-254 Siefert 100-209.7 KFKA Greeley, Colo.. Colorado State get married, eh?" RFAB Lincoln, Neb., Nebraska Buick Teachers' College 50-273 Auto Co. 1000-340.7 KFKQ Conway, Ark., Conway Radio Laboratories 100-250 "That's fine ! I'm glad to hear it. But you KFAD Phoenix, Ariz., McArthur know, Tom, just wanting to get married is not Bros. Mercantile Co. 100-273 KFKU Lawrence, Kans., University of enough to justify an increase in salary. KFAF San Jose, Calif., Montgomery Kansas 500-275 Hotel 50-217.3 KFKX Hastings. Nebr.. Westinghouse "Don't depend on sentiment, or on any man's Electric & Mfg. Co 2000-288.3 favor, to KFAJ Boulder, Colo., University of bring you the salary increases you need Colorado 100-261 KFKZ Kirksville, Mo., F. M. Henry.. 5-266 so badly. Study your work-learn to know more KFLR Albuquerque, N. Mex., Univer- abou.. it than the men in your KFAU Boise, Idaho, Boise High other department- School 500-278 sity of New Mexico 100-254 and you won't have to come to me for an increase Benito, Tex., Benito in KFAW Santa Ana, Calif., The Radio KFLU San San salary. Den 10-214.2 Radio Club 10-236 "Why don't you take up a home study course KFBB Havre, Mont., F. A. Buttrey KFLV Rockford, Ill., Swedish Evan- with the International Correspondence Schools? & Co. 50-275 gelical Mission Church 100-229 It's been the making of Joe Browning and Dick KFBC San Diego, Calif., W. K. Azbill 10-224 KFLX Galveston, Tex., George R Roberts and some of the other men around here." KFBG Tacoma, Wash., First Presby- Clough 10-240 terian Church 50-250 KFLZ Atlantic, Iowa, Atlantic Auto- Co. Employers in every line of business are begging for KFBK Sacramento, Calif., Kimball - mobile 100-273 men with ambition, men who really want to get Upson Co. 100-249 KFMQ Fayetteville, Ark., University ahead in the world and are willing to prove it by KFBL Everett, Wash., Leese Bros 100-224 of Arkansas 750-299.8 KFMR Sioux City, Iowa, Morningside training themselves to do some one thing well. KFBS Trinidad, Colo., School District 100-261 No. 1 15-238 College One hour a day, spent with the I. C. S. in the KFMW Houghton, Mich., M. G. Sate- quiet of your own home, will prepare you for the KFBU Laramie, Wyo., The Cathedral ren 50-263 position you want in the work you like best. (Bishop N. S. Thomas) 50-270 KFCB Phoenix, Ariz., Nielson Radio KFMX Northfield, Minn., Carleton Col- Mail the coupon for Free Booklet Supply Co. 100-238 lege . 500-336.9 KFCF Walla Walla, Wash., Frank A KFNF Shenandoah, Iowa, Henry Field Moore 100-256 Seed Co. 500-266 KFOA Seattle, Wash., Rhodes Dept. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS KFDD Boise, Idaho, St. Michaels Ca- Store 500-454.3 Box 6227.0. Scranton, Penna. thedral 50-278 Oldest and largest correspondence ach000le in the world KFDH Tucson, Ariz., University of KFOB Burlingame, Calif., Burlingame Without cost, please tell me how I can qualify for the Arizona 50-258 Chamber of Commerce (Al- position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: KFDJ Corvallis, Ore., Oregon Agri- bert Sherman) 50-226 BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES cultural College 500-254 KFOJ Moberly, Mo., Moberly High Business Management Salesmanship KFDM Beaumont, Tex., Magnolia Pe- School 10-242 Industrial Management DAdvertising KFON Lone Beach, Calif., Echophone Personnel Organization Better Letters troleum Co. 500-315.6 Radio Shop 100-233 Traffic Management Show Card Lettering KFDX Shreveport, La., First Baptist KFOO Salt Lake City. Utah, Latter Business Law Stenography and Typing Church 100-250 Day 250-236 [Blanking and Banking Law Business English KFDY Brookings, S. Dak., South Da- Saints University D Accountancy (including C.P.A.)Civil Service kota College of Agri- KFOR David City. Nebr., David City O Nicholson Cost Accounting Railway Mail Clerk State Tire & Electric Co 100-226 Bookkeeping Common School Subjects culture and Mechanic Arts 100-273 KFOT Wichita, Kans., College Hill al Private Secretary High School Subjects KFDZ Minneapolis, Minn., Harry O Radio Club (College Hill Spanish French Illustrating Iverson 10-231 Methodist Church) 50-231 TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES KFEC Portland, Ore., Meier & KFOX Omaha. Nebr., Technical High ]Electrical Engineering 13 Architect Frank Co. 50-248 electric Lighting Architects Blueprints KFEL Denver, Colo., Winner Radio School 100-248 liiechanical Engineer Contractor and Builder RFOY St. Paul, Minn., Beacon Radio ]Mechanical Draftsman Architectural Draftsman Corp. 50-254 Service 50-252 DMachine Shop Practica Concrete Builder KFEQ Oak. Nebr., Scroggin & Co KFPG Los Angeles, Calif., K. M ']Railroad Positions Structural Engineer Bank 500-268 Turner Radio Corp. (Oliver U Gas Engine Operating Chemistry Pharmacy KFEY Kellogg, Idaho, Bunker Hill & O Civil Engineer DAutomobile Work S. Garretson) 500-238 Surveying and Mapping Airplane Engines Sullivan Mining & Concen- KFPL Dublin, Texas, C. C. Baxter 15-252 Metallurgy D Mining Agriculture and Poultry trating Co. 10-233 KFPM Greenville, Texas, New Furni- Steam Engineering D Radio Mathematics KFFP Moberly. Mo., First Baptist ture Co. 10-242 Church 50-242 KFPR Los Angeles, Calif., Los An- Name KFFV Lamoni, Iowa, Graceland Col- geles County Forestry De- Street 0-26-25 lege 100-250 partment 500-231 Address KFFY Alexandria, La., Louisiana Col- KFPW Carterville, Mo., St. Johns lege 50-275 Church 20-258 City Stato KFGC Baton Rouge, La., Louisiana RFPY Spokane, Wash., Symons In- State University 100-268 vestment Co. 100-266 Occupation RFGH Stan ford University, Calif , KFQA St. Louis, Mo., The Principia 50-261 If you reside in Canada, send this coupon to the Interna- Leland Stanford Junior Uni- Schools Canadian KFQB Fort Worth. Texas, Search- tional Correspondence Limited, Montreal versity 500-270 light Publishing Co. 150-263 KFGQ Boone, Iowa, Crary Hardware KFQC Taft. Calif., Kidd Brothers Co. 10-226 100-231 RFGX Orange, Tex., First Presby- Radio Shop terian Church 500-250 KFQP Iowa City, Iowa, George S. RFHA Gunnison, Colo., Western State Carson, jr. 10-224 College of Colorado 50-25? KFQT Denison, Texas. Texas National KA . 1 . Guard, 36th Signal Company 10-252 KFHL Oskaloosa. Iowa, Penn College 10-240 Riker 100-217.3 KPI Los Angeles. Calif., Earle C. KFU Holy City, Calif., W. E. Sawing and Felling trees. You can Anthony (Inc.) 3000-468.5 KFQW North Bend, Wash., C. F. make big money with the W I T T E KFIF Portland. Ore.. Benson Poly- Knierim 50-215.7 technic 100-248 KFQZ Hollywood, Calif., Taft Radio One -Profit, One -Man Lou and Tree Saw. Institute Co. 50-226 KFIO Spokane. Wash.. North Cen- K FR B Beeville, Tex., Hall Brothers. 250-248 Cords Day tral High School 100-266 City of Saws 15 to 40 a KFIQ Yakima, Wash., First Metho- KFRC San Francisco, Calif., Saw wood -make ties. Paris Dry Goods Co. 50-268 Engine also runs other dist Church 100-256 KFRM Fort Sill. Okla.. Lieut. James farm machinery W. W- KFIU Juneau, Alaska, Alaska Elec- Boland, U. S. A. 50-242 tric Light & Power Co 10-226 P. Broofman says: "I saw 40 KFIZ Fond du Lac, Wis.. Daily Com- KFRU Columbia, Mo., Stephens Col- cordaaday." Bigmoney- voice monwealth lege 500-499.7 maker. A one-man outfit- w Magneto and Wisconsin KFRW Olympia, Wash., United easy torun and trouble-proof. - Radio Sales, Inc. 100-273 50-218.8 Completely equipped with WICO Magneto. speed and power KFJB Marshalltown, Iowa, Marshall Churches of Olympia regulator, throttling governor and 2 fly wheels. Write Electric KFRX Pullman, Wash., J. Gordan for Free Information-no obligation. Or, if interested, Co. 10-248 Klemgard 10-217.3 ask for our Engine, 3 -in -1 KFJC Junction City, Kansas, Episco- Saw Rig or Pump Catalogs. Easy Terms pal Church (R. B. Fegan) 10-218.8 KFRY State College, N. Mex., New WTITE WORKS Mexico College of Agricul- ENGINE KFJF Oklahoma. Okla., National Ra- - and Mechanic 50-266 8757 Witte Building, KANSAS CITY, MO. dio Mfg. Co. 225-261 ture Arts.... 8757 Empire Building, PITTSBURGH, PA. KFJI Astoria, Ore., Liberty Theatre 10-246 (Continued on page 850)

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 849

Eteeady 9o scalai 'B' jettery Ye.. 566, !2:4" e2its, 'o : 'o 3 'ue.s. List >m t:.00.

A large vertical221/2-volt "B" Battery

22% vo1.TS., THE famous Eveready "B" Bat- This tery No. 766, horizontal, now has ern. óá1é$. Y,est the hl of a vertical brother, No. 779, 22/ de4 e f ceertcY volts. This has the same large cells e f JellabilitY anB . batterY lnSerViCe' as the No. 766, and will last as long in CARBN,M.o equal service. Being ver- NA110NAL ro.N .ew w,rINU>h tical, it fits perfectly the battery compartments of many popular receivers. Also valuable for use where the table or shelf space is limited. Order from your jobber. Manufactured and guaranteed by CARBON Eveready large NATIONAL COMPANY, Inc. vertical "B" New York San Francisco BatteryNo.779, 22% volts, Joe Atlanta Chicago Dallas 1 to 3 tubes, Kansas City Pittsburgh where variable taps are not re- quired. Width, EVEREADY HOUREVERY TUESDAY at 9 P.M. inches; Eastern Standard Time 4/ For real radio enjoyment, tell your customers to depth, 3J4 tune in the "Eveready Group." Broadcast through inches; height, stations- 7 % inches; W EA FNew York W F I Phila. WW1 Detroit weight, lbs. W1 AR Providence WGR Buffalo Minneapolis 4/ WEEI Boston WCAEPittsburgh WCco j St. Paul List price, WTAGWorcester WSAI Cincinnati WOC Davenport $2.00. K8D St. Louis

Radio Batteries -they last longer

www.americanradiohistory.com 850 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Broadcast Calls (Continued from page 848)

Power f Power Call & Wave Call & Wave Letters Name Location Length Letters Name Location Length KFRZ Hartington, Neb., Electric Shop KGU Honolulu, Hawaii, Marion A (P. M. Thies) 15-222 Mulrony 500-270 KFSG Los Angeles, Calif., Echo Park KGW Portland, Ore., Portland Morn- Evangelistic Assn. 500-275 ing Oregonian 500-491.5 KFUJ Breckenridge, Minn., Hoppert KGY Lacey, Wash., St. Martins Col- Plumbing & Heating Co. lege 5-246 and F. H. Rettig 50-242 KHJ Los Angeles, Calif., Times- KFUL Galveston, Tex., Thomas Gog- Mirror Co. 500-405.2 gan & Bros. Music Co. 50-258 KHQ Spokane, Wash, Louis Wasmer 500-273 KFUM Colorado Springs, Colo., W. KJBS San Francisco, Calif., Julius D. Corley 100-242 Brunton & Sons Co. 5-220 KFUO St. Louis, Mo., Concordia Sem- KJR Seattle. Wash., Northwest Ra- inary 500-545.1 dio Service Co. 1000-384.4 KFUP Denver, Colo., Fitzsimons Gen- KLDS Independence, Mo., Reorgan- eral Hospital 50-234 ized Church of Jesus Christ KFUR Ogden, Utah, Peery Building of Latter Day Saints ..1000-440.9 Co. 50-224 KLS Oakland, Calif.. \Varner Bros. KFUS Oakland, Calif., Louis L. Sher- Radio Supplies Co. 250-252 man 50-256 KLX Oakland, Calif., Tribune Pub- KFUT Salt Lake City, Utah, Univer- lishing Co. 500-508.2 sity of Utah 100-261 KLZ Denver, Colo., Reynolds Radio KFUU San Leandro, Calif., Colburn Co. 250-266 Radio Labs 50-224 KMA Shenandoah, Iowa, May Seed G. Pearson & Nursery Co. 500-252 KFUV Springfield, Mo., KMJ Fresno, Calif., Fresno Bee Ward - 10-252 50-234 KFVD San Pedro, Calif., McWhinnie KMO Tacoma, Wash., Love Electric Electric Co. 50-205.4 Co. 100-250 Become an Artist KFVE St. Louis, Mo., Film Corpora- KNRC Los Angeles, Calif., Clarence tion of America 500-240 B. Juneau 250-208.2 KFVG Independence, Kansas, First KNX Los Angeles, Calif., Los An- Methodist Epis. Church 10-236 geles Evening Express 500-336.9 This Easy Way KFVH Manhattan, Kansas, Whan Ra- KOA Denver, Colo., General Elec- dio tric Co. 5000-322.4 Shop 15-218.8 KOB State College, N. M., New who never dreamed a s , Thousands KFV1 Houston, Tex Fifty-sixth Mexico College of Agricul- could draw can now easily be- Brigade , Headquarters they Troop 10-240 ture and Mechanic Arts 1000-348.6 come artists. You too -without any KFVN Welcome, Minn., Carl E. Bag- KOCH Omaha, Neb., Omaha Central no matter High School 250-258 previous training -and ley 10-227 KOCW Chickasha, Okla., Oklahoma how little apparent talent you have KFVR Denver, Colo., (near) Moon- College for Women 200-252 -can now easily learn Illustrating, light Ranch, Route 6, Eu- KOIL Council Bluffs, Iowa, Monarch Designing and Cartooning through gene Rossi 50-244 Mfg. C. 500-278 KFVS Cape Girardeau, Mo., Cape Gir- KOP Detroit, Mich., Detroit Police this amazingly easy method. ardeau Battery Station, Os- Department 500-278 You learn at home yet your work car C. Hirsch 50-224 KPO San Francisco, Calif., Hale receives the personal attention and KFVU Eureka, Calif., Radio Shop, Bros. 1000-428.3 Standard Publishing Co 5-209.7 KPPC Pasadena, Calif., Pasadena Pres- criticism of one of America's most KFVW San Diego, Calif., Airfan Ra- byterian Church 50-229 successful artists. Many students dio Corp. 500-246 KPRC Houston, Texas, Post Dis- sell work during KFVX Bentonville, Ark., Radio Shop, patch 500-296.9 actually enough R. H. Porter 10-236 it many times over. KPSN Pasadena, Calif., Pasadena Star their training to pay for KFVY Albuquerque, N. Mex., Radio News 1000-315.6 Big Money in Commercial Art Supply Co. 10-250 KOP Portland, Ore., H. B. Read..500-212.6 KFWA Ogden, Utah, Browing Bros KC) V Pittsburgh, Pa., Doubleday - dollars are being spent this Co. 100-261 Millions of KFWB Hill Electric Co. 500-275 year on advertising and story illustrations, Hollywood, Calif., Warn e r KQW San Jose. Calif., Charles D Bros. Pictures (Inc.) 500-252 Herrold 500-231 commercial designs, and cartoons. And even KFWC Upland, Calif., L. E. Wall 50-211.1 ERE Berkeley. Calif., Berkeley Daily more will be spent next year. Commercial KFWD Arkadelphia, Arkansas, Arkan- Gazette 100-256 art is a tremendous field -and a field where sas Light & Power Co 500-266 KSAC Manhattan, Kans., Kansas State paid anyone who K FWF St. Louis, Mo., St. Louis Agricultural College .... 500-340.7 very big money is gladly Truth Center 250-214.2 ESD St. Louis, Mo., Post Dispatch 750-545.1 can produce good art work. Advertisers, KFWH Chico, Calif., F. Wellington KSL Salt Lake City, Utah, Radio magazines, 'newspapers, printing houses, Morse, Jr. 100-254 Service Corp. of Utah....1000-299.8 business concerns all need trained artists. KFWI South San Francisco, Calif , RSO Clarinda, Iowa, A. A. Berry Radio Entertainments (Inc ) 500-226 Seed Co. 500-242 Competent artists easily earn from $50 to KFWM Oakland, Calif., Oakland Edu- KTAB Oakland, Calif., Tenth Avenue far over $300 a week. And now you can cation Society 500-206.8 Baptist Church 1000-240 easily enter this "world's most fascinating, KFWO Avalon, Calif., Lawrence KTBI Los Angeles. Calif., Bible Inst Mott 250-211.1 of Los Angeles best paid business." KFWP Brownsville, Tex., Rio Grande 750-293.9 Radio Supply House 10-214.2 KTBR Portland, Ore., Brown's Radio MAIL COUPON FOR FREE BOOK Shop 50-263 KFWU Pineville, La., Louisiana Col- KTCL Seattle, Wash., American Ra- has lege 100-238 A new handsomely illustrated book KFWV Portland, Ore., Wilbur Jer- dio Telephone Co. 1000-305.9 just been printed, which gives all the most man 50-212.6 KTHS Hot Springs. Ark.. New Ar- up-to-date information on the thousands of KFX B Big Bear Lake, Calif., Bert- lington Hotel Co. 500-374.8 in Commercial Art ram O. Heller 500-202.6 KTNT Muscatine, Iowa, Norman wonderful opportunities KFXC Santa Maria, Calif., Santa Baker 500-256 and shows how this startling short cut Maria Valley R. R. Co 100-209.7 KTW Seattle, Wash., First Presby- method easily enables you to enter this field. KFXD Logan, Utah, L. H. Strong terian Church 1000-454.3 It tells about our students-their success - (Packard Motor Co.) 10-205.4 KUO San Francisco. Calif., Exam- KFXE Waterloo, Iowa. Electrical Re- iner Printing Co. 150-250 what they say-actual reproductions of their search, & Mfg. 10-236 KUOM Missoula, Mont., University of work -how they made big money while KFXF Colorado Springs, Colo.. Pikes Montana 250-244 book will be sent Peak Broadcasting Co. 500-250 Vermillion, S. D., of studying. This attractive KFXH El Paso, KUSD University without cost or obligation. Send for it. Texas, Bledsoe Radio South Dakota 100-278 Co. . 50-242 KUT Austin, Texas, University of Mail coupon now. Washington School KFXJ Denver, Colo., Mountain States Texas 500-231 of Art, Room 261-D, 1115.15th St., N. Radio Distributors, Inc. KVOO Bristow, Okla., Voice of Okla- W., Washington, D. C. (Portable) 10-215.7 homa 500-374.8 KFXM Beaumont, Texas, Neches Elec- KWUC Le Mars, Iowa, Western tric Co. 10-227 Union College 50-252 WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF ART KFXY Flagstaff, Ariz. (Orpheum The- KWG Stockton. Calif., Portable Wire- Room 261-D, 1115 -15th St., N. W., atre), Mary M. Costigan 50-205.4 less Telephone Co. . 50-248 Washington, D. C. KFYF Oxnard, Calif., Carl's Radio KWKC Kansas City, Mo., Wilson Please send me without cost or obligation your Den (Newcomb Radio Co.) 10-205.4 Duncan Studios 100-236 new book on art, "Quick Easy Way to Become KFYJ Houston, Tex., Houston Chron- KWKH Kennonwood, La., W. G. Pat- an Artist," and details of your special offer. icle Publishing Co. (Port- terson 500-261 able) 10-238 KWSC Pullman, Wash., State College Name KGB Tacoma, Wash., Tacoma Daily of Washington 500-348.6 Please write plainly Mr., Mrs. or Miss. Ledger 100-250 KWWG Brownsville, Texas, City of KGO Oakland, Calif., General Elec- Brownsville, Board of City Address tric Co. 3000-361.2 Development 500-278 KGTT San Francisco, Calif., Glad Tid- City State ings Tabernacle 50-234 (Continued on page 852)

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 851 Your Attention, Please Special Offer To get you started dealing with us, we offer special prices on these most popular two kits. But your order will have to be sent by January 31 when our regular catalog prices will again be in effect. Your chance to get the best kit at a big saving! Take it! All of our Kits contain complete parts for receiver, including drilled and engraved Bakelite -Dilecto panel, finest, roomy mahogany finish cabinet, simple new -style blueprint and instructions, everything-nothing more to buy. All parts highest grade-advertised, well- known, reliable, dependable-fully guaranteed by manufacturers and ourselves. Look at these brands. You cannot get better kits! Our New Method of Wiring-Perfectly Simple-No Radio Knowledge Needed No solder-No bare wires-No poor connections-No dissatisfaction. No tools needed except a common screw -driver and common pliers.

s

PR ostpaid-KitJKon 6996L 3 -Tube Lotos 52659 ange 1000ea oud Explorer -Spi. Speaker 6Positively a "hummer!" We have never tested an outfit at anywhere near our price Stations Logged in 2 more suitable for long distance broadcast New City reception. Contains a low loss 3 -circuit hours at York tuner, a low loas condenser, low loss sockets, etc. Special Feature!: Sensitive--Selective- All on Loud Speaker Clear reception-Simple to construct-Simple to operate-Dependable-Low loss design- By one of the editors of Receives long distances-Great volume. "Radio News" We You WJZ 72 65 N. Y. City Give High -Class Parts WEAF 86 77 N. Y. City Fine 7x18x8 mahogany finish cabinet, WFBH 65 21 N. Y. City drilled and engraved Bakelite -Dilecto panel. WFAM 55 18 St. Cloud, Minn. extra good, non -warping baseboard, Gen -Win WQAO 73 40 N. Y. City low loss coupler, Hammarlund low lose varia- WEBH 75 43 Chicago ble condenser, 2 Bell Bakelite dials, 2 Rasco WJY 72 52 N. Y. City verniers, 2 Patent A. F. transformers, 2 KDKA 70 32 E. Pittsburgh, Pa. Pacent rheostats. 3 Bell Bakelite low loss WTAS 67 25 Elgin, Ill. sockets, Improved single circuit jack, 2 Im- WOBS 87 30 N. Y. City proved double circuit jacks, Smilear A bat- WEN 72 39 N. Y. City tery filament switch, Hilo fixed grid con- WJAX 88 48 Cleveland denser and mounting, Pacent grid leak, 7 WIT 75 83 Philadelphia, Pa. Aristocrat moulded binding posts, binding KYW - 78 93 Chicago post strip, complete set "No -Sed -er" con- WOC 83 74 (Davenport. Iowa necting wires, hardware. blueprint and in- struction sheet. You can assemble In only a couple of hours. List price for parts, Yon cannot get better Kits anywhere! This is a dandy! Order it $37.84. Our catalog price, $30.23. Special Price to January 31st, only $26.59. 111111111,1111111111111111111111 HIll 11111111..11j1111111M11111111M11111111111111111111,1111111111111111 11111:111,11:11M1111111111111111111.1121111.. ". TO,,., ORDER DIRECT FROM THIS AD ON APPROVAL MONEY IN ADVANCE-SHIPPED SUBJECT O EXAM- INATION WHEN REQUESTED-WE PAY TRANSPORTATION-24.HOUR SHIPMENT-SATISFACTION OR MONEY BACK-OLDEST RADIO MAIL ORDER FIRM IN AMERICA (Foreign customers will please remit with order and include enough for transportation and insurance which we do not pay.) Send for BIG FREE CATALOG --36 pages FILLED WITH BIG BARGAINS IN KITS, PARTS AND ACCESSORIES. SEND TODAY! RADIO SPECIALTY CO., Kit Div. _1651, 245T, Greenwich St., N.Y.

www.americanradiohistory.com 25, Science and Invention for January, 1920 Broadcast Calls (Continued frone page 850)

Power Power Call & Way Call & Wave Letters Name Location Length Letters Name Location Length KYW Chicago, Ill., Westinghouse WBRE Wilkes Barre, Pa., Baltimore Electric & Mfg. Co. ..2000-535.4 Radio Exchange 100-231 KZKZ Manila, P. I., Electrical Sup- WBT Charlotte, N. C., Charlotte ply Co. .. 100-270 Chamber of Commerce 250-275 KZM Oakland, Calif., Preston D \VBZ Springfield, Mass., Westing- Allen 100-240 house Electric & Mfg. SHOW CARD KZRQ Manila, P. I., Manila Hotel, Co. 2000-331.1 Far Eastern Radio (Inc.) 500-222 WBZA Boston, Mass., Westinghouse KZUY Baguio, P. I., F. Johnson Elser 500-360 Elec. & Mfg. Co. 250-242 WAAB New Orleans, La., Valdemar \VCAC Mansfield, Conn., Connecticut LETTERING Jenson 100-268 Agricultural College 500-275, WAAC New Orleans, La., Tulane WCAD Canton, N. Y., St. Lawrence University 100-275 University 250-263 WAAD Cincinnati, Ohio, Ohio Me- \VCAE Pittsburgh, Pa., Kaufmann & Home chanics Institute 25-258 Baer Co. 500-461.3 at O h i o , Entrekin earn WCAH Columbus, WAAF Chicago, Ill., Chicago Daily Drovers Journal 200-278 Electric Co. 500-266 IIERE is the very course you need if you want to WAAM Newark, N. J., I. R. Nelson \VCAJ University Place, Neb., Ne- get a good paying position as a Show Card Letterer braska Wesleyan University 500-254 own. Co. 500-263 or Sign Letterer, or have a business of your WAAW Omaha, Neb., Omaha Grain WCAL Northfield, Minn., St. Olaf This course is complete and practical and especially Exchange College 500-336.9 arranged to meet the needs of the student who studies 500-278 WABB Harrisburg, Pa., Harrisburg WCAO Baltimore, Md., Albert A. and at home. It was written by E. L. Koller, Principal A. Stanley Brazer 100-275 of the School of Art of the International Correspon- Sporting Goods Co 10-266 dence Schools, member of the American Federation WABC Asheville, N. C., Asheville Bat- \VCAP Washington, D. C.. Chesal of Arts, and The National Society of Craftsmen. tery Co. 20-254 peake & Potomac Telephone has had years' teaching experi- WABI Bpngor, Me., First Universal- Co. 500-468.5 Mr. Koller twenty San ence, and his in helping other men and women ist Church 100-240 WCAR Antonio, Texas, Southern success of Texas is an indication of what he can do for you. WABO Rochester, N. Y., Lake Avenue Radio Corporation 500-263 Baptist Church 100-278 \VCAT Rapid City, S. D., South Da- H. L. Wood, a clerk, made more than $700 "on of the side" before he had completed his course and WAEQ Haverford, Pa., Haverford Col- kota State School Mines 50-240 also won $125 in prizes. Harry William Lord writes lege Radio Club 100-261 WCAU Philadelphia, Pa., Universal that he has more than doubled his salary as a result WABR Toledo, Ohio, Scott High Broadcasting Co. (Durham of studying this I. C. S. course in spare time. School 50-263 & Co.) 500-278 William Whitman, a former wagon builder, now has WABW Wooster. Ohio, College of \VCAX Burlington, Vt., University of a sign painting business of his own and is eaming Wooster 50-206.8 Vermont 100-250 ,:early three times as much as he did before enrolling WABX Mount Clemens. Mich. (near), WCAZ Carthage, Ill Carthage College 50-246 with the International Correspondence Schools. Henry 13. Joy 500-246 \VCBA Allentown. Pa., Queen City There is no doubt that Show Card Lettering and WABY Philadelphia, Pa., John Magal- Radio Station 15-254 Sign Lettering offer a real opportunity to ambitious di, Jr 50-242 \VCBC Ann Arbor, Mich., University men and women. Just mark and mail the coupon WABZ New Orleans, La., Coliseum of Michigan 200-229 and we'll gladly send you a booklet telling all about Place Baptist Church 50-275 \VCBD Zion,, Ill., Wilbur G. Voliva..5000-344.6 the I. C. S. course in Show Card Lettering, or any WADC Akron. Ohio, Allen Theatre 500-258 \VCBE New Orleans, La., Uhalt other subject in which you are interested. WAFD Port Huron, Mich., Albert B. Brothers Radio Co. 5-263 Parfet Co. 500-275 WCBG Pascagoula, Miss. (portable), INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS WAGM Royal Oak, Mich., Robert L. Howard S. Williams 10-268 Box 6225-D, Scranton, Penna. Miller . 50-258.6 WCBH Oxford, Miss., University of The oldest and largest correspondence aehools in the world WAHG Richmond Hill, N. Y., A. H. Mississippi 50-242 Without cost or obligation on my part, please tell me Grebe & Co. 500-315.6 \'CBM Baltimore, Md., Hotel Chateau 50-229 how I can qualify for the position or in the subject before Taunton, Mass., Wait WCBQ Nashville, Tenn., First Baptist which have marked an X: WAIT A. H. I & Co. 10-229 Church 100-236 D SHOW CARD LETTERING WAIU Columbus, Ohio, American In- WCBR Providence, R. I. (portable), ¿]Business Management Salesmanship surance Union 500-293.9 Charles H. Messter 30-205.4 !]Industrial Management [Advertising WAMD Minneapolis, Minn., Hubbard WCCO Minneapolis, Minn., Washburn :]Personnel Organization Better Letters Crosby Co. 5000-416.4 Business Law OStenography and Typing & Co. 500-244 j]Banking and Banking Law Business English WAPI Auburn, Ala., Alabama Poly- WCEE Elgin, Ill., Liberty Weekly...1000-275 Accountancy (including C.P.A.)1Civil Service technic Inst. 500-248 \VCLO Camp Lake, Wis., C. E. Whit- Nicholson Cost Accounting Railway Mail Clerk WARC Medford Hillside, Mass., Amer- more 50-231 Bookkeeping Common School Subjects WCLS Joliet, Ill., H. M. Couch 150-214.2 Private Secretary High School Subjects ican Radio Research Corp 100-261 Spanish [Illustrating WBAA West Lafayette, Ind., Purdue \'CSH Portland, Me., Congress Square TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES University 250-273 Hotel Co. 500-256 WCSO Springfield, Ohio, Wittenberg Electrical Engineering [Architect WEAK Harrisburg, Pa., Pa. State Electric Lighting DArehitecte Blueprints Police 500-275 College 100-248 Mechanical Engineer Contractor and Builder WBAO Decatur. Ill., James Millikin WCUW Worcester, Mass., Clark Uni- [Mechanical Draftsman DArchitectural Draftsman 100-270 versity 250-238 Machine Shop Practice Ill Concrete Builder University Railroad Positions DStructural Engineer WBAP Fort Worth, Texas, Wortham- WCWS Providence, R. T.,T-nited States pone Engine Operating Chemistry D Pharmacy Carter Publishing Co. (Star - (Portable) Chas. W. Selen.100-209.7 Civil Engineer Automobile Work Telegram) . 1500-475.9 WCX Detroit, Mich., Detroit Free Surveying and Mapping pAirplane Engines Press 2500-516.9 Metallurgy D Mining DAgriculture and Poultry WBAV Columbus. Ohio, Erner & Hop- [Steam Engineering Radio [Mathematics kins Co. 500-293.9 WDAD Nashville, Tenn., Dad's Auto WBAX Wilkes-Barre, Pa., John H. Accessories (Inc.) 150-226 Stenger, Jr. 100-256 WDAE Tampa, Fla., Tampa Daily Name \VBBA Newark, Ohio, Plymouth Con- Times 250-273 gregational Church 20-226 \\TDAF Kansas City, Mo., Kansas City Street 500-365.6 Address \VBBL Richmond. Va., Grace Cove- Star 150-229 WD AG Amarilla, Texas, J. Laurance nant Church Martin 100-263 WBBM Chicago, Ill., Atlas Investment City State WDAY Fargo, N. D.. Radio Equipment Co. 1500-226 Corporation 50-261 WBBP Petoskey, Mich., Petoskey IIiglt WDBC Lancaster, Pa., Kirk, Johnson School 200-238 & Co. 50-258 NEW VEST POCKET WBBR Rossville, N. Y., Peoples Pul- WDBE Atlanta, Ga., Gilham-Schoen pit Assn. 500-273 Electric Co. 100-270 ADDING MACHINE \VBBS New Orleans, La., First Bap- VDBJ Roanoke, Va., Richardson -Way- tist Church 50-252 land Corporation Adds-Subtracts-M u lti p ies-Divides Electrical 50-229 Does work of $300 machine. Guaranteed 5 WBBU Monmouth, Ill., Jenks Motor WDBK Cleveland, Ohio, M. & F. Broz BIBYCA1CULdTOR CHIAP years. NOT A TOY. Sales Co. 10-224 Furniture, Hardware & Ra- TENi,00al [D POPI Made of steel and Indestructible. Million WBBW Norfolk, Va., Ruffner Junior dio Store 100-227 dollar capacity. Fits in pocket. Will not Col- at1.6k]oß make mistakes. So simple child can operate High School 50-222 \VDBO Winter Park, Fla., Rollins it. Everybody should carry one for figuring. WBBY Charleston, S. C., Washington lege 100-240 Light Infantry 10-268 WDBQ Salem, N. J., Morton Radio Supply 10-234 FREE WBBZ Chicago, Ill. (Portable), C. L Co. TRIAL Carrell 50-215.7 WDBR Boston, Mass., Tremont Tem- McDon- ple Baptist Church 100-261 SEND NO MONEY-Just name and ad- WBCN Chicago, Ill., Foster & \VDBZ Kingston, N. Y., Boy Scouts dress. We will ship Calculator immediately. nell 500-266 of America 10-233 ADDITION prepaid. On delivery pay postman $2.50 SUBTRACTION WBDC Grand Rapids, Mich., Baxter WDCH Hanover, N. H., Dartmouth MULTIPLICATION ($3.50 cash outside L' S.). If not satisfied 50-256 DIVISI ON after 10 day trial you get your money bark. Laundry Co. College 100-256 THOUSANDS OF SATISFIED USERS. WB.ES Tacoma Park, Md., Bliss Elec- \VDOD Chattanooga, Tenn., Chatta- This is lowest priced practical calculator made. "Why pay trical School 100-222 Co. for inferior imitations?" ad. nooga Radio 50-256 mere Order from tlris W-BNY New York, N. Y., Shirley WDRC New Haven, Conn., Doolittle -Write for big commission and ter- 500-209.7 AGENTS ritory proposition. Katz Radio Corp. 100-268 22 Y., A. H. R. Baby Calculator Sales Co..P.O.Bx. 1118, Chicago,lll.Dept. WBOQ Richmond Hill, N. WDWF Cranston, I., Dutee W. Grebe & Co. 100-236 Flint 500-440.9 Insure your copy reaching you each month. Sub- Ala., Bell Radio -52.50 a WBRC Birmingham, scribe to SCIENCE & INVENTION Corporation 10-248 (Continued on page 856) Experimenter Publishing Co.. 53 Park Pl., N. Y. C.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 S; RAGEMCO Radio Headquarters for the Finest and BEST Radio Tools RADIO RADIO _ s TOOL SET HANDI- This is the handiest TOOL set of tools ever made fore Radkioers Workof by Bends Bus Bar or th ma the wire strips and famous YANKEE" scrapes Wire, Tools. It contains the bores and ream' 6 following: 1 Rachet holes, etc. Tool Screw -driver, 6% in. consists of 4 in. long holding all attachments; 1 Blade, 5% x 3-16; 1 black japanned hand e, to which is attached wire bending Blade, 3% x %; 1 Blade 2% x 5.4; 1 Countersink; 2 Sock- device, with nickeled ferrule and 3 in. long two sided et Wrenches for all small nuts; 1 Reamer to enlarge holes reamer. in panel from % x 'fs; 1 Wrench. one end 5-16" square PRICE-No. 702 50e or hex. for jack. other 35" hex., etc. PRICE per set-No. 701 $3.011 TOOL CHEST HAND DRILL Set consists of "LOCK - GRIP" master handle, 5" T h e hardwood long, black Rubhan l fin- handle is hollow ish with steel chuck, nickel to store drills. plated, buffed and with the following 9 tools: Saw, brad- The Simplest Iron frame, nick- awl, large screwdriver, file, scratch awl, gimlet, reamer, Practical eled parts, ball chisel. small screwdriver. Each toot of fine steel, drop bearing three jawed chuck holding and centering accu- forged tempered, hardened, and nicely finished. Set comes Radio rately round shank drills from 0 to 3-16. Length of in leatheroid box with tray. Set Made drill. 12 inches. PRILE-Na, 703 $1.85 PRICE-No. 303 $2.25 WIREBENDING SCREW STARTED TOOL and DRIVER Holds any screw by its slot For making eyes, loops, with a firm grip, makes It easy bends, and offsets on Bus to place and start screws in difficult places. Bar wire. With this device Just the tool for the Radio Constructor. All any Radio Constructor can parts heavily nickeled and polished. 1-0° wire his set to compare fav- PRICE-No. 304 $1.00 orably with any factory made set. Easier to use and more 'We accurate than pliers. Full directions in box. Made of heavy steel, bltwd and finished. PRICE-No. 203 $1.00 Minim RADIO al- n -:F DRILL SET RADIOGEM CIRCLE CUTTER E=G- r,- al- n.r xl- Composed of 10 straight shank Especially designed for the Radio UUVUVTYTT twist drills, fitting all hand Constructor. Made of the finest and breast drills. The selec- The simplest radio outfit made- material and equipped with the tion of these drills has been as highest grade high steel cutting especially made for Bad o Constructors and consists of yet practical as the most expen- bits. It does three things at once. tie following sizes: 1-16, 5-64, 3-32, 7-64, 9-64. drills its own 35, sive. A crystal receiving set that It pilot, cuts out 5-32, 11-64, 3-16, 17-64. Drills are mounted on white plug and puts bead or scroll Holland Linen with sizes clearly marked. you' can operate and enjoy even around the hole in one operation. PRICE-No. 305 $1.25 Cuts holes 3'4 to 4 in. in diam though you know absolutely noth- PRICE-No. 402 $3.00 401. Same tool but smaller and ing about radio. You receive the not fitted with bead or scroll In RADIOGEM unassembled, one operation. together PRICE-No. 401 $2.00 with a clearly written instruction book, which shows you how to quickly and easily construct the ELECTRIC SOLDERING IRON set, using only your hands and a A perfect tool for Radio Work. Operates either on 110 - scissors. The outfit volt A.C. or D.C. The heat element is of Nichrome. comprises all which prevents overheating and assures the desired even the necessary wire, contact points, temperature. Size of Iron, 10% in. long. A 4 -ft. cord and plug is furnished. detector mineral, tube on which to PRICE-No. 900 $2.00 wind the coil, etc., etc. The in- Especially designed for Radio Rork by the makers of the famous "Yankee' Tools. A beautiful balanced, small, struction book explains simply and powerful drill with 4 to 1 ratio of gears for speed. Spe- completely the principles of cial chuck 9-32" capacity, to take largest drill, mostly radio furnished with drill or tool sets. Length over all, 9% in. and its graphic illustrations make Weight I'S lbs. PRICE-No. 302 the assembling of the RADIOGEM $2.75 real fun. M>1321:=1.7.7.1

AERIAL OUTFIT Three -in -One Nut Wrench. Consists of handle with hol- low stein 6 inches in length and three interchangeable sockets fitting popular sizes of nuts. The hexagon sockets Combination PI er. Wire Cutter, Wire Former and Wrench. grip the nut solidly. Drop forged, slender but exceptionally afro ig. 0 in. long. Complete aerial outfit for PRICE-No. 202 the RADIOGEM, consisting PRICE per set-No. 30I 65c 750 of 100 ft. of standard cop- per aerial wire and two special porcelain insulators. Price 50c.

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www.americanradiohistory.com 854 Science and Invention for January, 1926 U.S. PAT NTS Patent civice, NO FOR d_II TH15 FORM-21' Edited By A. P. PECK Don't Lose Your Rights Before disclosing your invention to any- 3E- one trend for blank form "Evidence of Conception" to be signed and witnessed. A sample form together with printed in- In this Department we publish such matter as is of interest to inventors and particularly to those structions will show you just how to work who are in doubt as to certain patent phases. Regular inquiries addressed to "Patent Advice" cannot up your evidence and establish your rights be answered by mail free of charge. Such inquiries are published here for the benefit of all readers. before filing application for patent. As If the idea is thought to be of importance, we make it a rule not to divulge all details, in order to registered patent attorneys we represent protect the inventor as far as it is possible to do so. Should advice be desired by mail a nominal charge of $1.00 is made for each question. Sketches hundreds of inventors all over the U. S. one side of sheet should be written on. and Canada in the advancement of inven- and descriptions must be clear and explicit. Only of fees will be found mailing your letter to this department, see to it that your name and address are tions. Our schedule NOTE:-Before are returned to us because the reasonable. The form "Evidence of Con- upon the letter and envelope as well. Many letters either name of ception" sample, instructions relating to the inquirer or his address is incorrectly given. (No questions answered this month, owing to special obtaining of patent and schedule of fees article.) sent upon request. Ask for them,-a post card will do. Marketing a Patented Invention LANCASTER 8,AlLWINE By Leo T. Parker Registered Patent Attorneys in U.B. and Canada 255 Ouray Bldg., Washington, D. C. MN1 valuable inventions remain unsold during jobbers may be sold without difficulty, but if the then become invention merely is a slight and not very important "Originators of form Evidence of Conception" the entire life of the patent, and nationally known and extensively used. Obviously improvement over some other old and well known the inventors receive no profit from the patents device, no doubt, considerable difficulty will be simply because the proper procedure of introducing experienced in obtaining orders from the jobbing the articles before the public was not followed, or trade, particularly for the reason that the older because the patents were not brought to the atten- article may already be described in their catalogues. tion of the right manufacturers who are always Before jobbers can be induced to invest money in glad to contract to make and sell articles from a stock of two similar articles or to discontinue which they themselves may profit. the old product upon which they have an estab- PATENTS The proper method of marketing a patented in- lished trade, the new invention necessarily must TRADE MARKS DESIGNS vention depends somewhat upon the selling price, be possessed of exceptional merit and strikingly advantages and kind of an invention it is. We noticeable advantages. Otherwise considerable money FOREIGN PATENTS average American inventor must be expended by the inventor in advertising wes shall first consider the who patents an article whose retail selling price is the new invention. However, sometimes the retail $1.50 to $10.00. dealers may be induced to stock a new invention MUNN eSt CO. To be exact, there are four distinctly different when the jobber will not, and if the orders which ways of marketing an invention of this character. are received from the retail dealers are given tp PATENT ATTORNEYS The patentee can, with a small investment, contract the jobbers to fill at the established and prevailing Associated since 1846 with the Scientific American to have the articles manufactured and sell them per cent, of profit, the jobbers may be influenced jobbers, retail stores, to order an additional stock if they are made to 618 Woolworth Building, New York City himself through the medium of agents or by mail order, or he may dispose of the realize that retail dealers are favorably impressed 325 Scientific American Bldg.,Washington, D.C. or more with the invention. 414 Tower Building, Chicago, Ill. patent outright, or he may license one firms to manufacture and sell the invention and Another highly satisfactory way to introduce an 367 Hobart Building, San Francisco, Cal. by article of this kind is to place agents in the differ- 222 Van Nuys Building, Los Angeles, CaL receive a stipulated amount for each article sold the licensed firms, or finally he may sell state or ent territories and have them call and sell to the Booksand Information on Patents and TradeMarks territory rights to individuals or firms and license users direct. In this manner the full retail price by Request. them to manufacture and sell the product within of the article less an agent's commission can be the restricted localities. obtained by the manufacturer. When a large num- The financial condition and experience of the ber of agents are in the field, a steady and sub- inventor, as well as the character of the invention, stantial daily flow of business is among the possi- EM PATENTS Fao bilities. The agents can be sought for by advertis- PROMPTLY PROCURED. Z 1 POLACHEK have considerable effect as to which of these PATENT ATTORNEY might prove the most profitable and satis- ing in the "Agents Wanted" columns of the news- SEND A SKETCH OF methods papers, YOUR INVENTION. CONSULTING ENGINEER factory. For instance, suppose the invention has or crews of them may be organized and INVENTION 70 WA ST. possibilities of a large volume of sales, and that sent from one town or city to another. Agents FREE RECORDING 'it* N EW YORKLL the total required investment for having the neces- usually are paid a straight commission or an BLANK sary dies and one thousand of the articles made is arrangement of a guaranteed salary and a commis- inven- sion on all sales may be made with NAME $500.00 and let us assume, further, that the those who tor is possessed of sufficient finances and has had travel under the supervision of a crew manager to enable hint to oper- who is paid by the patentee. But rarely is it ADDRESS i enough practical experience ate a small business efficiently. Then the inventor profitable to hire and pay agents a guaranteed salary MAIL TODAY will make no mistake, if he is a competent salesman by mail. As a matter of fact the majority of agents -and few ' inventors are such-in investing the expect only to purchase the goods at a discount required capital and attempting to sell the jobbing and then dispose of them at a fair profit. houses direct. To transact business with the class If an inventor is not possessed with sufficient of firms mentioned, a discount of 50 to 60 per cent. finances to introduce the patented article or if for off the retail selling price must be offered, and the any other reason the manufacture and sale of the PATENTS invention is not possible, very often it is advisable retail selling must be determined with this neces- BOOKLET FREE HIGHEST REFERENCES to a list of various manufacturers PROMPTNESS ASSURED BEST RESULTS sary discount in view. obtain throughout Send drawing or model for examination As to whether or not the jobbers and large spe- the country that already are equipped to make the and report as to patentability cialty houses can be induced to place an order for device. As soon as the patent is issued the inven- Patent Lawyer a newly patented device depends entirely tipon the tor can secure as many copies from the Patent WATSON E. COLEMAN, the invention is radically new Office as are desired at the cost of 10 cents each. 644 G Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. invention itself. If and possesses many advantageous points, then the He can have a few letter -heads printed and write each manufacturer, enclosing a copy of the patent. If quite a number of letters are to be sent it is advisable to have them multigraphed to effect a good impression and, also, to save the expense of writing each letter individually. The letter should PROTECT be short and to the point. It may read as follows: YOUR IDEAS Steko Mfg. Co., INVENTORS New York, N. Y. Gentlemen: , of In- Send for our Guide Book, HOW TO GET A PATENT and Evidence I ant enclosing herewith a copy of a United vention Blank, sent Free on request. Tells our terms , methods, etc. Send States patent recently issued to me on . model or sketch and descrintion of This invention is a marked improvement over similar devices now in use, and, no doubt, you your invention fo r INSPECTION and will find ready and profitable sales for articles ...... FREE. TERMS made under its INSTRUCTIONS provisions. REASONABLE. BEST REFER- I intend to dispose of my invention at an Name early date either by outright sale or operate ENCES. with it on a royalty basis with a reasonable Street cash payment. Kindly advice me as to the best proposition RANDOLPH & CO. you have to offer. City Very truly yours, Dept. 172, WASHINGTON, D. C. JOHN DoE. (To Bc Concluded)

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 555

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At the left is a view of my drafting and specification offices where a large staff of experienced experts are in my constant employ. All drawings and specifications are pre- pared under my personal supervision. PROTECT YOUR IDEAS ACTION Take the First Step Today- COUNTS If you have a useful, practical, novel idea for any new article or for an improvement should communicate on an old one, you with a competent Registered Patent Attorney AT ONCE. Every year thousands of applications for patents are filed in the U. S. Patent Office. Frequently two or more for the same or substantially applications are made the same idea (even though the inventors may live in different sections of the country and be entirely unknown to one another). In such a case, the burden of proof application filed. rests upon the last Delays of even a few days in filing the application sometimes mean the loss of a patent. So lose no time. Get in touch with me at once by mailing the coupon below. No Charge for Infommation on How to Proceed Strict Secrecy Preserved Write Me The books shown here contain valuable information relating to in Confidence patent procedure that every inventor should have. And with All communications, sketches, drawings. etc.; them I will also send you my "Record of Invention" form, on are held in strictest confidence which you can sketch your idea and in strong, steel, establish its date before a fireproof files, which witness. Such evidence may later prove valuable to you. Simply are accessible only to mail the coupon and I will send you the books, and the "Record authorized members of my staff. Feel free to of Invention ' form, together with detailed information on how to write me fully and frankly. Your case will proceed and the costs involved. Do this NOW. No need to lose have my personal attention. It is probable a minute's time. The coupon will bring you complete informa- tion entirely without charge or obligation. that I can help you. Highest references. But FIRST-clip the coupon and get my Prompt-Careful free books. Do THAT right now. Efficient Service This large, experienced organization devotes its entire time and attention to patent and trademark cases. Our offices are directly across the street from the U. S. Patent Office. We understand the technicalities of patent law. We know CLARENCE A. O'BRIEN, the rules and requirements of the Patent Office. We can Registered proceed in the quickest, safest and best ways in preparing Patent Attorney, an application for a patent covering your idea. Our success 5399 Security Savings & Commercial Bank Bldg., has been built on the strength of careful, efficient, satis- Washington, D. C. factory service to inventors and trademark owners located in every state in the Union. Please send me your free books, "How to Obtain a Patent' and "Invention and Industry," together with your "Record of Invention" form without any cost or obligation on my part. Clarence A. O'Brien i Registered Patent Attorney Name Member of Bar of: Supreme Court of the United States; Court of Appeals, District of Columbia; Supreme Court, District of Columbia; ' Address United States Court of Claims Practice confined exclusively to Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights (Important: Write or Print name clearly)

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J., Bor-' nished without charge. the hopeless ones I ough of North Plainfield...250-261 - 500-270 My experience and familiarity with come with a message of WEAN Providence, R. I., Shepard Co. various arts frequently enable me to cheer for 1 know I can WEAO Columbus, Ohio, Ohio State University 500-293.9 accurately advise clients as to prob- help you. You can be able patentability before they go to strong. You can b e WEAR Cleveland, Ohio, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co 750-389.4 any expense. brought back to vigor- Booklet of valuable information and form ous manhood-you can WEAU Sioux City, Iowa, Davidson for properly disclosing your Idea, free on be made a man such as Bros. Co. 100-275 request. Write today. men like to associate WEAY Houston, Tex., Iris Theatre 500-270 RICHARD B. OWEN, 11/EBA Highland Park, N. J., The Patent Lawler with and women admire 164 Owen Building, Washington. D. C. and respect. You can Electric Shop 15-233 41V Park Row. 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Insomnia Circulation _Impotency ..Vital Losses Robert TYPEWRITERS ..Headache ..Short Wind ..Round WFRL Brooklyn, N. Y., M. LowestPrices inYears ..Thinness ..Constipation Shoulders Lacey and James A. Berg- Wewillshipanymake ..Rupture ..Indigestion ..Lung Troubles ner (Flatbush Radio Labor- you choose for one ..Lumbago ..Nervousness .. Muscular atories) 100-205.4 .. Flat Chest week's trial.Underwood, ..Rheumatism Development WGAL Lancaster, Pa., Lancaster Elec- Royal, L. C. Smith. ..Youthful ,.Weak Eyes ..Great Remington, Oliver, etc. Errors ..Weak Heart Strength tric Supply & Construction iq9 Co. 10-248 Easy Terms Name WGBB Freeport, N. Y., Harry H. Car- ,.:+a" than rent each mcnth é.trhfh rGuaranteed''ii. and own a typewriter. Age Occupation man 100-244 as good as new, Perfectly rebulltby Street WGBC Memphis, Tenn., First Baptist ...r- experts-the femoue"Young Church 10-278 Process." Send for Cial State low list mw. WI2ÌTE %UTODAY. City WGBF Evansville, Ind Finke Furni- Rer end new price ture Co. 100-236 Young Typewriter Co. World's Largest Dealers in Standard Typewriters WGBI Scranton, Pa., Frank S. Meg- 11131 ,Chicago,Dle argee 10-240 654W.RandolphSt.,Dept

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 857 Power Call & Wave a Letters Name Location Length WGBK Johnstown, Pa., Lawrence W. Campbell (Fontaine C h a - teau) 5-248 WGBM Providence, R. I., Theodore N PATENTS CRADE-MARKSTOPYRIGHTS Saaty . 30-234 WGBQ Menomonie, Wis., Stout Insti- tute 100-234 WGBR Marshfield, Wis., George S THE PROTECTION Ives 10-229 : OFFORYOUR INVENTION WGBS New York, N. Y., Gimbel OUR ®PEER Brothers 500-315.6 WGBT Greenville, S. C., Furman University 15-236 YOUR FIRST STEP before disclosing WGBU Miami, Fla., Fulford-by-the- an invention. The inventor should write Sea 500-278 WGBW Spring Valley, Ill., Valley The- for our'blank form- ater 10-256 WGBX Orono, Me., University of Maine 100-252 WGCP Newark, N. J., Grand Central - "Record of Invention" Palace 500-252 WGES Oak Park, Ill., Coyne Elec, This should be signed and witnessed and School 500-250 returned to us together with model or WGHB Clearwater, Fla., The George "' - H. Bowles Developments 500-266 sketch and description of the invention WGHP Detroit, Mich., George H Phelps 1500-270 f o r INSPECTION a n d INSTRUC- WGMU Richmond Hill, N. Y. (port- ' TIONS. able) A. H. Grebe & Co 100-236 WGN Chicago. Ill., 'l'he 'Tribune (Drake Hotel) 1000-370.' NO CHARGE FOR THE ABOVE INFORMATION WGR Buffalo, N. Y., Federal Radio Corp. 750-31 WGST Atlanta, Ga., Georgia School of Technology 500-27 Our Four Books Mailed WGY Schenectady, N. Y., General Electric Co. 5000-379. WHA Madison, Wisconsin, University Free to Inventors of Wisconsin 750-5 Our Illustrated Guide Book WHAD Milwaukee. Wis., Marquette University and Milwaukee Journal 500-275 WHAG Cincinnati, Ohio, University of HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT Cincinnati 100-233 WHAM Rochester, N. Y., University Full instructions regarding U. S. Patents. Our of Rochester (East m a n Methods, Terms, and 100 Mechanical Movements School of Music) 100-278 illustrated and described. WHAP Brooklyn, N. Y. Wm. H. Tay- lor Finance Corp. 100-240 WHAR Atlantic City, N. J., Seaside House Hotel 500--275 OUR TRADE MARK BOOK WHAS Louisville. Kv., Courier -Journal necessity of Trade Mark Protec- & Louisville Times 500-399.8 Shows value and WHAT Minneapolis, Minn., George W. tion. Information regarding Trade Marks and un- Young 500-263 fair competition in trade. WHAV Wilmington, Del.. Wilmington Electrical Specialty Co 100-266 WHAZ Troy, N. Y., Rennselaer Poly- technic Institute 1000-379.5 OUR FOREIGN BOOK WHB Kansas City, Mo., Sweeney We have Direct Agencies in Foreign Countries, and School Co. 500-365.6 Patents in shortest time and at low- WHBA Oil City, Pa., Shaffer Music secure Foreign House 10-250 est cost. WHBC Canton, Ohio, Rev. L. P. Gra- ham 10-254 WHBD Bellefontaine, Ohio, Chas. W Howard 20-222 WHBF Rock Island, Ill., Beardsley Progress of Invention Specialty Co. 100-222 Description of World's Most Pressing Problems WHBG Harrisburg, Pa., John S. Skane 20-231 WHBH Culver, Ind., Culver Military by Leading Scientists and Inventors. Academy 100-222 WHBJ Fort Wayne, Ind., Lane Auto Co. 50-234 WHBK Ellsworth, Me., Franklin Street IMPORTANT Garage 10-231 WHBL Logansport, Ind., James H. Do not submit your invention to anyone before you furnish proof that the Slusser 50-215.7 WHBM Chicago, Ill., C. L. Carrell 20-233 invention is patentable or application has been filed. IN ORDER TO WHBN St. Petersburg. Fla., First Ave HAVE YOUR CASE MADE SPECIAL TO AVOID DELAY YOU Methodist Church 10-238 OF HAVING YOUR CASE WHBP Johnstown, P a . , Johnstown SHOULD TAKE THE PRECAUTION Automobile Co. 100-256 MADE SPECIAL IN OUR OFFICE to secure protection, save corre- WHBQ Memphis, Tenn., Men's Fel- lowship Class of St. John's spondence and secure early filing date in Patent Office. To secure special M. E. Church South 50-233 preparation of your case send $25.00 on account with model, sketch and WHBR Cincinnati, Ohio, Scientific Electric & Mfg. Co 20-215.7 description. WHBU Anderson, Ind., Riviera The- atre and Bings Clothing 10-218.8 All communications and Data Strictly Confidential. Interference and Infringe- WHBW Philadelphia, Pa., D. R. Kien- zle 100-215.7 ment Suits Prosecuted. Our Organization offers PERSONAL SERVICE WHBY West De Pere, Wis., St. Nor- by and Draftsmen. bert's College 50-250 Experienced Patent Solicitors WHDI Minneapolis, Minn., William Hood Dunwoody Industrial We Regard a Satisfied Client as our best advertisement, and furnish anyone, Institute 500-278 upon request, lists of clients in any state for whom we have secured patents. WHEC Rochester, N. Y., Hickson Electric Co. 100-258 WHK Cleveland, Ohio, Radio Air Highest References-Prompt Attention-Reasonable Terms Service Corp. (Warren R Cox) 250-273

WI -IN . New York, N. Y., George WRITE TODAY Schubel 500-361.2 WHO Dec Moines, Iowa, Bankers FREE VICTOR J. EVANS & CO., Patent Attorneys Life Co. 5000-526 New York Offices Philadelphia Offices Pittsburgh Offices WHT Deerfield, I11., Radiophone 1007 Woolworth Bldg. 714-715 Liberty Bldg, 514 Empire Bldg. Broadcasting Corp. 1500-238 Chicago Offices, 1114 Tacoma Bldg. San Francisco Offices, Hobart Bldg. WIAD Ocean City, N. J., Howard R COUPON Miller 100-250 Main Offices, 779 Ninth Street, Washington, D. C. WIAS Burlington, Iowa, Home Elec- Gentlemen: Please send me tric Co. 100-254 FREE OF CHARGE your books as described above. WIBA Madison, Wis., Capital Times Name Address Studio 100-236

www.americanradiohistory.com 858 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Power Call & Wave Letters Location and Name Length BIGGESTVALUES EVER KNOWN WIBC St. Petersburg, Fla., L. M. Tate Post No. 39, Veterans of Foreign Wars 100-222 Like.New-SYearGuaxantee WIBG Elkins Park, Pa., St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church 50-222 WIBH New Bedford, Mass., Elite Ra- dio Stores, James T. Mori- 30 Dass arty 5-209.7 WIBI Flushing, N. Y., Frederick B FREE Zittell, Jr. 50-218.8 WIBJ Chicago, Ill. (Portable), C. L Carrell 50-215.7 TRIAL WIBK Toledo, Ohio, University of the City of Toledo 100-205.4 WIBM Chicago, Ill. (portable) Billy You can save from $53.00 to 564.00 on the price Maine 10-215.7 Of a new typewriter, and from $20.00 to $45.00 on WIBO Chicago, Ill., Nelson Bros , the price of a rebuilt machine, if you buy a genuine (Russo & Tiorito Orchestra LINCOLN Typewriter! "The Boss Didn't Even Exchange 1000-226 genuine WIBQ Farina, Ill., F. M. Schmidt 5-205.4 Remington WIBR Weirton, W. Va., Thurman A. N30, $382. Know My Name" Owings 50-246 "He said my face was more or less WIBS Elizabeth, N. J., (portable) N. Master Ñodel ROYAL N=109 $492° familiar and he remembered seeing me J. Nat'l. Guard, 57th In- around, but he didn't even know my fantry Brigade 20-202.6 name until the I. C. S. wrote him that WIBU Poynette, Wis., The Electric Silent Smth L,C.SMITH N%8,$492° George Jackson had enrolled for a Farm 20-222 (MODEL N°5 $42 e2) course of home study and was doing WIBW Logansport Ind., L. L. Dill 100-220 fine work. WIBX Utica, N. ., Grid Leak (Inc.) 5-205.4 Lat Model Underwood N%4, $49 'Who's George Jackson?' he asked. Jewell Ra- Then he WIBV Henderson, N. C., Literally like new. Guaranteed for five years. Splendid looked me up. Told me he dio Co. 25-263 service for many more. All standard makes, with latest im- was glad to see I was ambitious. Said WIBZ Montgomery, Ala., Powell pmvaeyr7 s. Satisfoetion guaranteed or money refunded. he'd keep his eye on me. 10-231 80 days' free trial. Write for full details. A postcard will do - "He did too. Gave me my chance Electric Co. when Frank Jordan WIL St. Louis, Mo., St. Louis Star Cut Prices On All Standard Makes was sent out on the & Benson Radio Co 250-273 road. I was promoted over older men Pa., Gimbel Broth- who had been with the firm for years. WIP Philadelphia, LINCOLN TYPEWRITER. COMPANY "My spare -time studying ers 500-508.2 aRcor/Pa ...ED helped me WJAD Waco, Texas, Frank P. Jack- to get that job and to keep it after I as Leading Indepeadetrl Typeruriler aus got it. It certainly was a lucky day for son 500-352.7 me when I signed that I. C. S. coupon." WJAG Norfolk, Nebr., Norfolk Daily dept. 57C, 298 Broadway, New York City News . 200-270 WJAK Greentown, Ind., Clifford L How much longer are you going to wait before White 100-254 you take the step that will bring you advancement WJAM Cedar Rapids, Iowa, D. M. Per- and more money? ham 100-268 It takes only a moment to mark and mail this coupon and send it to the International WJAR Providence, R. I., The Outlet Stop Using a Truss Correspon- Co. (J. Samuels & Bro.) .. .500-305.9 dence Schools at Scranton. Isn't it better to do this Ra- STUART'S PLAPAO- today than to wait a year or five years and then WJAS Pittsburgh, Pa., Pittsburgh PADS are different from wish you had? dio Supply Co. 500-275 the truss, being mechanico- WJAZ Mount Prospect, Ill., Zenith chemlco applicators made Mail the Coupon for Free Booklet Radio Corp. 1500-322.4 self-adhesive purposely to WJBA Joliet, Ill., D. H. Lentz, Jr....50-206.8 hold the distended muscles WJBB St. Petersburg, Fla., L. W. securely in place. No straps, INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS McClung 10-254 buckles or spring attached Box 6226-D, Scranton, Penna. -cannot slip, ao cannot WJBC La Salle, Ill., Hummer Fur- Chafe Oldest and largest correspondence aeh000fs in the world 100-234 or press against the Without cost, please tell me how I can qualify for the niture Co. pubic bone. Thousands have position or in the subject before which I have marked an X: WJBG Charlotte, N. C., Interstate Reduced successfully treated them - 10-224 selves at home without Reduced BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES Radio (Inc.) Fac-Simile hindrance Feduceac -Simile ile Red Bank, N. J., Robert S Gold Mediae from work -most Business Management Salesmanship WJBI obstinate cases conquered. GrandSoft Prix Industrial Management Advertising Johnson 250-218.8 as velvet-easy to apply-Inexpensive. Awarded Personnel Organization :Metter Letters WJBK Ypsilanti, Mich., Ernest F. Gold Medal and Grand Prix. Process of recovery la Trafilc Management D Show Card Lettering Goodwin 10-233 natural, so afterwards no further use for trusses. We Business Law DStenography and Typing WJBL Decatur, Ill., Wm. Gushard, prove it by sending Trial of Plapao absolutely FREE Banking and Banking Law Business English Write name on Coupon and send TODAY. Accountancy (including C.P.A.) Civil Service Dry Goods Co. 500-270 Nicholson Cost Accounting Railway Mall Clerk WJBN Sycamore, Ill., St. John's Evan- Plapao Co., 924 Stuart Bldg., St. Louis Mo. Bookkeeping Common School Subjects gelical Lutheran Church 10-256 Name Private Secretary High School Subjects WJD Granville, Ohio, Denison Uni- Address Spanish French Illustrating versity 10-217.3 TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES Return mail will bring Free Trial Plapao pElectrical Engineering Architect WJJD Mooseheart, Ill., Supreme Electric Lighting Architects' Blueprints Lodge, Loyal Order of BIG POWERFUL Mechanical Engineer oContractor and Builder Moose 500-302.8 TUBE ] Mechanical Draftsman D Architectural Draftsman WJR Pontiac, Mich., Jewett Radio GUARANTEED MI OU Machine Shop Practice ['Concrete Builder & Phonograph Co. 1500-516.9 5 everywhere reports Positions e It gets programs coasttocoast, Railroad Structural Engineer Y., R. C. A 1000-405.2 to Gulf. loud and dear OCRs Engine Operating DI Chemistry Pharmacy WJY New York, N. R D Canada C. A 1000-454.3 on outperforms $101 Civil Engineer Automobile Work WJZ New York, N. Y., R. ospeaker; an>, $Q50 Surveying and Mapping H. F. Airplane Engines WKAA Cedar Rapids, Iowa, oésreao.slr°svluaueLettuëra D Metallurgy Mining Agriculture and Poultry Paar 500-278 et Fannon, convince >ou. Retail Steam Engineering D Radio Mathematics WRAD East Providence, R. I., Charles Looff (Crescent Park) 20-240 FACTORY /WRAC° Name WKAF Milwaukee, Wis., WKAF PRICES -SAVE Street 8.26ßS Broadcasting Co. 250-261 1/3TO1/2. Smaller RADIO Address Sets $13.75 WKAP Cranston, R. I., Dutee W FREE! Literature onr'steal GETS'EM Flint 50-234 bper COAST 2b City State Radio Corp new lotw and (Dealers> WKAQ San Juan, P. R., SPECIAL OFFER I Write COAST of America 500-340.7 MIDWESTPumeeBuilemSe. CORPORATION Occupation WKAR East Lansing. Mich., Michigan 4(19-B.E 8th St.. Cincinnati. Ohio If you reside in Canada, send this coupon to the Interna- 1000 285.5 School& Limited, State College tional Correspondence Canadian Montreal WKAV Laconia, N. H.. Laconia Radio Club (Portable) 50-224 WKBB Joliet, Ill., Sanders Brothers 100-214.2 Chemical Make Money WKBE Webster, Mass., K & B Elec- tric Co. 1000-231 Experimenters! WKBG Chicago, Ill. (Portable), C. L TakmngPictui es. Carrell 100-215.7 Send for our Free, Illustrated WRRC Cincinnati, Ohio, Rodel Radio Price -List of We train you quickly at home. No Corp. 1000-325.9 experience necessary. Spare time WKY Oklahoma, Okla., E. C. Hull - CHEMICALS, APPARATUS, omen de or full time. Professional camera and H. S. Richards 100-275 newdignifed free. Photographs in big demand WLAL Tulsa, Okla., First Christian REAGENTS, ETC. by magazines. newspapers, adver toeÑe fas take Church 150-250 and more tisers, etc. Also train you to BAKER & UNVERHAU, Dept. S sek. better portraits than the average WLAP Louisville, Ky., W. V. Jordan 20-275 $50 profephotographer! Equipyouto make WLAX Greencastle, Ind., Greencastle . Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. to $100 a week in business of your own. New plan, Community Broadcasting Nothing else like it. Writetoday for amazing details. Station 10-231 Studios, Inc. WLB Minneapolis, Minn., University "LIGHTING FIXTURES" International IlL of Minnesota 500-278 Dept. 1429 3601 Michigan Ave., Chicago, READY TO HANG WLBL Stevens Point, Wis., Wisconsin Direct from the manufacturer. Department of Markets 500-278 Completely wired including glassware. WLIB Elgin, Ill. (near), Liberty Send for new Catalogue No. 27 Weekly 2500-302.8 (Just reduced prices) WLIT Philadelphia, Pa., Lit Bros...500-394.5 Special Proposition to Dealers WLS Crete, Ill., Sears, Roebuck & ERIE FIXTURE SUPPLY CO. Wonderful, new device, guides your hand; corrects 1500-344.6 Desk S Erie. Pa your writing in few days. Big improvement in three Co. houri. -No failures. Complete outline FREE. Write C. J. Ozment, Dept. 44 St. Louis, Mo.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 859 Power Call & Wave Letters Name Location Length .._:. WLTS Chicago, Ill., Lane Technical High School 100-258 , MING r..;1:tTR1CAf, WHAT WLW Harrison, Ohio, Crosley Radio .",f.lHì7EiìY Corp. 500 & 5000-422.3 > tl Y., WLWL New York, N. Missionary 3RAea'R kart A4iA-g*fi ¡I}i011`+ Society of St. Paul the :...... r Apostle 1000-288.3 WMAC Cazenovia, N. Y., Clive B. . Meredith 100-275 WMAF Dartmouth, Mass., Round Hills WILL Radio Corp. 1000-440.9 WMAK Lockport, N. Y., Norton Lab- Get oratories 500-266 WMAL Washington, D. C., M. A Ready Leese Optical Co. 15-212.6 for the WMAN Columbus, Ohio, First Baptist Church 50-278 BIGGEST YEAR WMAQ Chicago, Ill., Chicago Daily 1926 News 500-447.5 A WMAY St. Louis, Mo., Kingshighway OF YOUR LIFE Presbyterian Church 100-248 WMAZ Macon, Ga., Mercer University 500-261 WMBB Chicago, Ill., American Bond & Mortgage Co. 500-250 1926 WMBC Detroit, Mich., Michigan Broadcasting Co. (F. G. MEAN Siegel) 100-256.4 WMBF Miami Beach, Fla., Fleetwood Hotel Corp. 500-384.4 WMC Memphis, Tenn., "Commercial Appeal" 500-499.7 WMCA Hoboken, N. J., Hotel McAlpin (Greeley Square Hotel Co.) 500-340.7 u nww2+. "wnti' 'ca:rvs+u i \\'NAA Arlington, Va., United States TO YOU? Navy 1000-434.5 . WNAB Boston, Mass., Shepard Stores 100-250 WNAC Boston, Mass., Shepard Stores 500-280.2 in WNAD Norman, Okla., University of THE next twelve months can be as rich for you advancement-money- Oklahoma 250-254 success-as you are willing to make them. Your earning power next January WNAL Omaha, Nebr.. Omaha Central can be a year greater. Success is yours in 1926 if you prepare for it. Think High School 50-258 a ! , Twelve months that will find you WNAR Butler, Mo.. First Christian of the opportunity. Think of the big chance Church (C. C. Rhodes) 20-231 year older! Make sure they find you a year advanced-with your job a year better WNAT Philadelphia, Pa., Lenning your pay a year bigger. The way is right before you-these books prepare Brothers Co. 100-250 -and WNAX Yankton, S. Dak.. Dakota Ra- you for the big -pay job in the electrical field. dio Apparatus Co. 100-244 WNEH New Bedford, Mass., Irving J Vermilya and A. J. Lopez 250-248 Library of WNJ Newark, N. J., Radio Shop of Newark 100-252 WNYC New York, N. Y., City of New York 1000-526 Electrical Maintenance and Repair WOAC Lima, Ohio, Page Organ Co (H. P. Maus) 50-261 5 volumes -173G pages -1810 pictures WOAI San Antonio, Tex.. Southern Equipment Co. 2000-394.5 This library contains the largest collection of practical methods for electrical repair and WOAN Lawrenceburg, Tenn., James maintenance men ever put together in book form. Here your will find the most modern practice D. Vaughn 500-282.8 in repair work. The authors have drawn not only from their own extensive experience, but from WOAW Omaha, Nebr., Woodmen of the experience of electrical repairmen in large and small repair shops and manufacturing plants the World 1000-526 throughout the country. The books contain hundreds of photographs, diagrams and tables, which WOAX Trenton, N. J., Franklyn J. show you how to go about it to make an effective repair job. There are wiring diagrams covering , converters, Wolff 500-240 A. C. and D. C. generators, feeders, transformers, potential regulators, synchronous WOC Davenport, Iowa, Palmer batteries and boosters, substations, lamp mechanism connections, rheostats and controllers, light- School of Chiropractic....5000-483.6 ning arresters, automatic switches, railway controllers, etc. WOCG Sycamore, Ill., Triple Alliance Radio Station 10-205.4 WOCL Jamestown, N. Y., Hotel James- town 15-275 The sure way to big pay is in these books WODA Paterson, N. J., O'Dea Temple These books cover every phase of electrical maintenance and repair work, from armature of Music 250-224 winding to the correction of brush troubles. They include many things never before assembled \VOI Ames, Iowa, Iowa State Col- in book form. lege 750-270 electrical trouble, but they show you how WOK Homewood. Ill., Neutrowoumi They not only tell you what to do in the case of to do it. And when it is done it will be right! The methods outlined for you by the authors Radio Mfg. Co. 500-217.3 out in actual practice. WOKO New York, N. Y., Otto Baur 50-233 of these books have all been thoroughly tested WOO Philadelphia, Pa., John Wana- Every chapter is written with the practical man's needs in mind. Instead of discussing the maker 500-508.2 fundamentals involved in any method of working out a repair problem, the ACTUAL PROB- WOQ Kansas City, Mo.. Unity LEM is discussed from a how -to -do -it standpoint. School of Christianity 1000-278 WOR Newark, N. J., L. Bamberger man must know & Co. 500-405.2 Everything the electrical maintenance WORD Batavia, Ill., Peoples Pulpit Fundamental laws and rules are discussed when necessary, but there is no hard -to -understand Association 5000-275 theory or discussion of design. All of the material presented in these five books has been ob- The Library outlines the practical remedies that have been \'VOS Jefferson City, Mo.. Missouri tained from actual experiences. problems. Every- State Marketing Bureau .. 500-440.9 applied by repairmen all over the country in the solving of puzzling electrical thing the experts know about maintenance and repair is given in the books. They prepare yon \YOWL New Orleans, La., Owl Battery for the big job-they make you well worth the big pay that goes with it. They make your pro- Co. 10-270 motion sure. WOWO Fort Wayne, Ind., Main Auto Supply Co. 500-227 Free Examination. These books do make promotion sure 4 WPAK Agricultural College, N. Dak , \Vc send these great books to you for ten days' free examination. You send no ` North Dakota Agricultural in your spare hours and see College money. We pay all charges. You can read the books 50-275 for yourself how clear and helpful they are-what valuable information they give,* WPCC Chicago, Ill., North Shore you-how thoroughly they train you. And then you can keep them or send them Congregational Church 500-258 back as you wish. MCGRAW- WPDQ Buffalo, N. Y., Hiram L. Tur- II HILL BOOK ner . 50-205.4 PREPARE! Inc. 370 Seventh Ave., WPG Atlantic City, N. J., Munici- ADVANCE YOURSELF! New York. pality of Atlantic City .. 500-299.8 , Send WPRC Harrisburg, Pa., Wilson Print- Free me the Library of Elec. Aftcr examining the balks for ten days, send I trim' Maintenance a n d ing and Radio Co. 100-215.7 Only $'2.00 if -you want to keep them. Tho Repair, all charges prepaid, WPSC State a j College, Penna., Penn- Examination. small balance can be paid a little at time for 10 days' Free Examina- sylvania State College 500-261 -$2.00 a month. Seven cents a day! Less I Lion. If satisfactory I will send \VQAA Parkesburg, than you pay for carfare-a great fn -II $2.00 in ten days and $2.00 a Pa., Horace A. vestment-an investment in yourself I month until $19.00 has been paid. If Beale, Jr. 500-220 Money Down -your future-your success. Big- not wanted I will write for shipping WQAC Amarillo, Tex., Gish Radio No pay jobs are waiting-the answer instructions. Service 100-234 rests with YOU and the I Name COUPON. II WQAE Springfield, Vt., Moore Radio II Address News Station 50-246 Small Monthly WQAM Miami, Fla., Electrical Equip- MAIL THIS I Position ment Co. 100-263 Payments COUPON II Company WQAN Scranton, Pa., Scranton Times 100-250 NOW! ,i

www.americanradiohistory.com 860 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Power Call & Wave Letters Name Location Length WQAO New York, N. Y., Calvary Baptist Church 100-360 WQJ Chicago, Ill., Calumet Rainbow Broadcasting Co. 500-447.5 WRAF Laporte, Ind., The Radio Club, Inc. 100-224 WRAX Escanaba, Mich., Economy Light Co. 100-256 WRAM Galesburg, Ill., Lombard Col- lege 100-244 WRAV Yellow Springs, Ohio, Antioch College 100-263 WRAW Reading, Pa., Avenue Radio & Electric Shop 10-238 ARTIFICIAL EYES WRAX Gloucester City, N. J., l+lex- on's Garage 500--268 IMPROVED WRBC Valparaiso, Ind., Immanuel Reinforcement prevents easy breakage. Lutheran Church 50-278 Properly fitted, prevent detection or irri- WRC Washington, D. C., Radio Corp of America 1000-468.5 tation. LOWER PRICE. WRCO Raleigh, N. C., Wynne Radio Can be fitted anywhere by mail, Co. 100-252 and WREC Coldwater, Miss., Wooten's three days trial allowed. No fit, no Radio & Elec. Co. 10-254 sale. Customers in every state of the WREO Lansing, Mich., Reo Motor Union. Assortment always exceeds Car Co. 500-285.5 WRHF Washington, D. C., Washing- 50,000 so we can suit anyone. Eyes ington Radio Hospital Fund 50-256 blown to order. Send your name and WRHM Minneapolis, Minn., Rosedale names of all you know who wear an Hospital 50-252 YOU ARE BADLY if you lack WRK Hamilton, Ohio, Doron Bros. Artificial Eye, for free booklet that Electrical Co. 100-270 explains everything about eyes. Do it NANDICAPPED WRM Urbana, Ill., University of Illi- NOW as this ad. may not appear HiighStrain ngl nois 500-273 You cannot attain business or social WRMU Richmond Hill, N. Y., M U-1 again. Our low price will surprise you. prominence. You are barred from (Yacht) A. H. Grebe 100-236 DENVER OPTIC CO. a successful business career, from WRNY New York. N. Y:, Experimen- ter Publishing Co. 500-258 673 Barclay Block Denver, Colo. the leading professions, from well - WRR Dallas, Tex., City of Dallas, paid civil service jobs, from teaching Police and Fire Signal De- and college entrance. In fact, em- partment 350-261 WRST Bay Shore, N. Y., Radiotel Send for :;;<;;::;;::::<:_:::-:::;. : :;,;. ployers of practically all worth -while :, - c:-ì:;z:{.:::,.,.._ positions High Mfg. Co. 250-215.7 this 84 demand School train- WRVA Richmond, Va., Larus & Bro. 2ïïäÌ;;:: ing. You can't hope to succeed in Co. 1000-256 Page the face of this handicap. But you WRW Tarrytown, N. Y., Tarrytown Book Radio Research Labora- can remove it. Let the American tory (Koenig Bros.) 500-273 School help you. WSAI Mason, Ohio, United States This Playing Card Co. 5000-325.9 Book FIT YOURSELF WSAJ Grove City, Pa., Grove City j Has FOR A College 250-229 Shown WSAN Allentown, Pa., Allentown Call BIG FUTURE This course, Publishing Co. 100-229 3187 Men which has been prepared by some of WSAR Fall River, Mass., Doughty & America's leading professors, will Welch Electrical Co. 100-254 broaden your mind, and make you WSAU Chesham, N. H., Camp Marien- How to Make More Money feld 10-229 Sell radio, spare time-evenings. A demon- keen alert and capable. It is com- WSAX Chicago, Ill., Zenith Radio Corp. 100-268 stration means sure sale. Whip any compe- plete, simplified and up-to-date. It WSAZ Pomeroy, Ohio, Chase Electric tition-longest distance possible-lowest covers all subjects given in a resident Shop 50-244 prices-big commissions. No selling or radio school and meets all requirements of WSB Atlanta, Ga., Atlanta Journal 1000-428.3 experience necessary. 12 sales lessons and 10 WSBC Chicago, Ill., World . Battery a High School training. From the Co. 500-209.7 radio service lessons FREE. Local ads, at- first lesson to the last you are care- WSBF St. Louis, Mo., Stix Baer & tractive booklets and letterheads with your Fuller 250-273 own name. Exclusive territory to proven fully examined and coached. WSBT South Bend, Ind., South Bend Tribune 250-275 men. Start right now to build a permanent WSDA New York, N. Y., City Temple 250-263 business of your own. USE SPARE TIPLEONLY WSKC Bay City, Mich., Worlds Star Knitting Co. 100-261 $100 Weekly in Spare Time Most people idle away fifty hours a WSM Nashville, Tenn., National Life Many representatives making from $50 to $100 week- week. Probably you do. Use only & Accident Ins. Co. ....1000-282.8 ly, working evenings-you can do the same. Our 84 one -fifth of your wasted hours for WSMB New Orleans, La., Saenger page Ozarkaplan will prove it-FREE copy for those Amusement & Maison who ask for Book No. 100. Better write today-ter- study and you can remove your Blanche Co 500-319 ritory going fast-only plan of its kind-a proven present handicap within two years. WSMH Owosso. Mich., Shattuck Mu- success for four years. Don't fail to give name of sic 20-240 your county. You will enjoy the lessons and the House K WSMK Dayton, Ohio, S.M.K. Radio OZARKA, Inc. 12 Avenue knowledge you will gain will well Corp. 500-275 cb äßt Illinois repay the time spent in study. WSOE Milwaukee, Wis., School of Engineering of Milwaukee 500-246 and mail the coupon WSRO Hamilton Ohio. Radio Co Check NOW (Harry W. Fahrlander) 100-252 BLANK CARTRIDGE PISTOL for full particulars and Free Bulletin. WSUI Iowa City, Iowa, State Univer- Peotccaon acairut Barolars,Trampa,&Dope sity of Iowa 500-483.6 PRICES WTAB Fall River. Mass.. Fall River American School Daily Herald Publishing Co. 100-266 50c. neat. H. 126 WTAC Johnstown, Pa., Penn. Traffic $100 Drexel ave. and 58th St., Chicago Co. 100-268 WTAD Carthage, Ill., Robert E. Comp- POST- BM WM mat mm ion -.e mi.a. ea a ton 50-236 PAID American School WTAG Worcester, Mass., Worcester Well made. and el- Co medalled on Dept -H. 126 Drexel Ave. 6t 58th St-, Chicago Telegram Publishing 500-268 rective;etest type of Revolver: WTAL Toledo. Ohio. Toledo Radio & appearance alone is Send me full information on the subject checked enough to scare a burg- you will help me Electric Co. 10-252 lar. When loaded it maf and how win success. be as effective as a real Architect ,,....Lawyer WTAM Cleveland. Ohio. Willard Stor- revolver without danger to life. It takes stand- Building Contractor Machine Shop Practice age Battery Co. 3500-389.4 erd 22 Cal. Blank Cartridges obtainable every- where. Price 50c. Superior quality $1.00 poet...... Automobile Engineer Photoplay Writer WTAP Cambridge. Ill., Cambridge Ra- paid. Blank Cartridge by express. 505 per 100. Automobile Repairman - Mechanical Engineer Wla...... Civil Engineer Shop Superintendent dio & Electric Co 50-242 JOHNSON SMITH & CO. Dept 457 Racine. Structural Engineer Employment Manager WTAQ Osseo, Wis., S. H. Van Gor- Business Manager Steam Engineer den & Son 100-254 Cert. Public Accountant ...... Foremanship Accountant and Auditor Sanitary Engineer WTAR Norfolk, Va., Reliance Elec- Bookkeeper Surveyor (& Mapping) tric Co. 100-261 Draftsman and Designer Telephone Engineer WTAS Elgin. Ill. (near), Charles E ....Electrical Engineer Telegraph Engineer Erbstein 2500-302.8 LEARN DRAFTING ...... Electric Light & Power High School Graduate HOME IN SPARE General Education Fire Insurance Eipor$ WTAT Boston, Mass. (pbrtable), Edi- 4T ....Vocational Guidance Wireless Radio son Elec. Illuminating Co. 100-244 Become an expert Machine Designer- ...... Business Law Undecided WTAW College Station, Tex., Agricul- $50 to $200 per week. Complete course Vier & College personal instruction. Easy monthly tural Mechanical payments. We furnish complete set of Name of Texas 500-270 drawing instruments. FREE BOOK WTAX Streator, Ill., Williams Hard- explains all --write for it. THE PRACTICAL MECHANIC r Address...... ware Co. 50-231 (Continued on page 876) Dept. 105. South Haven. Mich.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 E1

Tarrano the Conqueror By RAY CUMMINGS (Continued from page 817) by the Earth. Into our vessel's small instru- ment room, where Tarrano spent most o f his time, reports of the news occasional' drifted in. But his connection-small and FROM THIS RECOGNIZED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING inadequate-was often broken. Nor did Tarrano this time seem interested in having a Home-StudyCourse in Wolfgar, Elza and me learn the news. I i.. it was not unfavorable to him. I gatherui that the Earth formally had accepted hi, declaration of war. Relations with Venn, D RAFTI N G -and with Mars also, had been discontin- ued. The mails no longer left. The hellos Everything today is built from drawings made by Draftsmen. Industry calls for 50,000 were stopped. But, so far as I could learn, new men yearly. Draftsmen work hand in hand with the architect the engineer, the designer, the Earth was undertaking no offensive ac- the builder. And thus many men rise from such positions to be Meads of great contractors' tion. For the present, certainly. organizations, directors of railroads, chief engineers-responsible positions commanding Soon we were beyond reach of all mes- very attractive salaries. sages save hellos, which were not in opera- tion. And in another day news began reaching us from Venus. But from this Tar - FREE TRIAL LESSON rano barred us. Prove your fitness and liking for one of industry's highest paid professions. We want you I saw Venus, as we dropped upon it, to know what Drafting is like ... how readily you can progress ... how we train and first as a tremendous lovely crescent of sil- teach you by mail. So, before you enroll ... FREE ... without cost or obligation ... we ver beneath us. A crescent first, and, as send you a trial lesson to study in your own home. hours passed, the darkened area took shape. A ball hanging there in space. Growing al- Within Ten Months most momentarily larger. Soon we could Increase Your Income distinguish cloud areas. Then the land-the water. A ball filling half our lower seg- No special training or talent is required. In 10 months' time or less . . . we can train you . . at home, in your ment of sky. Then all of it. spare hours . . . to be an expert Draftsman. We reached the Venus atmosphere, passed And remember this: In Drafting, a big income is open to through cloud masses, and out again into every properly trained man. Thousands today are earning $35 to $100 per week. The reason is simple: Good Draftsmen the brilliant sunshine. Below us, glowing are in with the glory of mid -day, lay the Venus constant demand. Central State. Rolling hills with distant mountain peaks, the highest of them far- Book of Facts FREE away, glittering white with the sunlight on We will send you a 40 -page Book. It tells you all about their snow-caps. Drafting . . and our courses. What prominent men say . where Draftsmen are employed ... their salaries .. . A land of warmth and beauty. Dazzling their opportunities ... what our students have done and green, with a luxuriant vegetation, tropical are doing ... how many have increased their salaries even yet strange. before finishing their courses ... how many hold high -sal- aried executive positions today. Tells how 34 instructors As we dropped lower, I sat alone, gaz- give you from this recognized 22-year -old college a practical, ing downward. We were passing over the DRAFTING short, home -study course. land now, at an altitude of no more than twenty thousand feet. A vivid land. Vivid HALL OF FAME inky shadows; a green to every- The Coupon Below sunlight; Several rear, ago, A1r. R,udanez-then thing-a solid, brilliant green. Amid it, earning $25.00 a week-graduated from Means Money to You spots of other colors; splashes of yellow; the Mechanical Department of Chicago Find out what Drafting may mean to you mail 'that some huge field Technical College. The College Employ- ... patches of scarlet as though ment Bureau placed him in his first two coupon. Here is a field in which you can work and win. were massed with scarlet blossoms. And positions. And today, he is President We make the test easy, for, with no obligation, we send you trailing silver threads-rivers and streams. and General Manager of the Economy a trial lesson FREE. Note the fairness of this offer, the Clamp & Machine Co. His rapid rise he absence of exaggerated promises. Or again glittering silver lakes nestling in attributes to the sound and taorough the hills. training received at Chicago Technical A fairyland of beauty. Yet as I gazed, it College. What this training has done for $25 Outfit Included seemed not fairyland of a child. Not him it will do for any man ambitious to the increase his earnings. When you enroll, you will need drafting instruments; so childish, but mature; for I could not miss included in the cost of the course, is a $25 "lifetime" set. in its aspect, a warmth, a quality of sensu- NOTICE-A well established Placement Bu- If you have instruments, credit will be allowed. Note that A land of dalliance and pleasure reau assists both graduates and undergradu- we do not claim to give you these instruments "free". ousness. to find positions. Tuition is low, payments easy. of the senses. And I realized then why the ates Venus -people derived all their advancement In Chicago-Earn While You Learn of science and industry from Earthly and Those who can come to Chicago will find opportunity to earn living expenses in part-time positions, Martian sources. A land of luxury and outside of school hours, while attending day or evening classes at the College. physical ease. People, not primitive-but Chicago Technical College, founded 1904, is known as one of America's oldest and largest schools of decadent. specialized engineering. Over 1000 men enroll in resident day and evening courses yearly. I became aware of Wolfgar at my elbow. Diplomas in Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Architecture granted after two years. Degree of B. S. conferred after three years in the day course. Short courses offered in Drafting, Plan "It is very beautiful, eh Jac Hallen?" Reading, Estimating, etc. Evening classes for day workers. "Beautiful-yes. You've been here before, If interested in attending Day or Evening Classes at the College in Chicago write for 72 -page "Blue Wolfgar?" Book"-mailed free. He nodded. "Oh yes. Soon we will reach the Great City. That too is strange and Send Today for FREE Trial Lesson beautiful." Attached Coupon NOW Elza saw us together and joined us. The Fill Out the Great City presently came into distant view. Wolfgar, with that gentle voice and smile characteristic of him began to describe Chicago TE C H N I CAL College to us what we should see. Abruptly Elza said: Drafting-Engineering-Electricity-Architecture ... all branches "I have never really thanked you, Wolf - gar. You saved my life-there when Tara rChicago Technical College, attacked me." Dept. 145 118 E. 26th St., Chicago, Ill. Name He gestured. "Your thanks are more than Send me, without cost or obligation, your Address such a service deserves." FREE Trial Lesson and your 40 -page Book As though the subject had suggested I of Facts about Drafting. City and State I Georg and Maida to him, he added.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 "I am wondering where Georg Brende and the Princess Maida may be." I fancied then that I saw a quality of wistfulness in his eyes. A gentle little fel- low, this Mars -man. Queer and brooding, with strange thoughts not to be fathomed. He added as though to himself : "I have 11''x33¢' often wondered-" Then stopped. Quick Change Elza and I had discussed it. We felt sure Gear that Georg and Maida had been taken to Lathe Net Venus. They could have had only a few Factory hours' start of ourselves. Yet this vessel Price we were in was unusually slow. We felt $284 convinced that they had already arrived on Venus-had been there perhaps already for a day. We discussed it now with Wolfgar as Any Size Lathe the Great City came under us; but soon we fell silent, gazing down into this beau- on Easy Terms tiful capital of the Central State. You can order any South Bend Lathe on terms so easy hollow, a large, irregu- you won't feel the cost at all. In this way it will earn It lay in a broad its own cost while paying for it. lar circular bowl surrounded by gently slop- ing hillsides. The bowl was entirely filled Note these Low Net Factory Prices on by water-a broad flat lake of silver which from this height showed us its pearly bot- SOUTH BEND LATHES tom. On the water-seen from above-the Screw Cutting Standard Change Gear houses seemed floating-clusters of lilly pads 0" a 3' Lathe $211 15" a 6' Lathe $376 11" a 3%' Lathe 244 16" a 8' Lathe 438 on a placid shining pool. They were, in 13" a 5' Lathe 304 18" a 10' Lathe 656 Ile had the reality, flat cubical buildings solidly built Prices of Quick Change Gear Lathes are slightly higher. stone, just of rectangular blocks of standing FREE CATALOG 966rstyl sizes. above the water level on solid stone foun- woile ßeÿ dations. Always green and white-stones SOUTH BEND LATHE WORKS Tight like blocks of smooth, polished marble, set 504 E. Madison St., Bend, idea South Ind. in green and white patterns. Balconies and cornices of what might have been gleaming, FOR CLEAR, QUIET tB" POWER Other fellows had left him in the social beaten copper. Flat roofs, edged with scar- background. Girls avoided him. He let flowers. was missing all the modern fun be- cause he had "nothing to offer to help Some of the buildings were low and others have a good time." And he small. Others of several stories, preten- knew it. Then one day he read an tious and ornate. One very large, like a advertisement. It held out a promise palace, standing alone on its verdant island. of popularity if he learned to play a The houses were mostly gathered in clus- ters of various shapes and sizes. Yet a semblance of order prevailed. Winding streets of open water lay between the RADIO 1rué1o!ie groups. There were trellised walks and 29, sometimes over the Storage "B" Battery arching spider bridges, 12 Cells SAXOPHONE streets, sometimes joining one house to an- Lasts Indefinitely-Pays for Itself He knew that was the right idea. He had Economy and performance unheard of before. Recharged at a negli- known it for a long time but he thought he other. Able coat. Delivers unfailing p r that ie clear, rare and quiet. was musically dumb. "Still, the ad said it was pproved and Ii0tad as rd by leading Radio Authorities, inelad- lagoons of open ng Po . Radio Laboratories, Pop. Sei. Inst. Standards Rad,o Ness easy." He mailed the coupon, and later sent Here and there I saw Lob. %fax, Inc., and other important done. Equippeda with 6 Before like elid Robber Case,Case an Insurance against acidid and leakage. Extra for a Saxophone for days free trial. the water, dotted with small green islands heavy glass hire. rugged plates. Order your, today) end of that period he was playing reasy tunes. vegetation its °amer f batteries That was three months ago, and today he's the parks-islands on which the SEND NO MONEY 'net luxuriant than is received. Extra otter: 4 batteriesin seriesd(96volts), $10 ÓóU PaYy sheik of his set. He's making nice side -money grew far higher and more batteries. per cent discount for caeh too playing with a local dance orchestra. any even in the tropics of our Earth. Veg- enpp-ns,with aseexaminingas xamnrgi WORLD BATTERY COMPANY You Can Do It Too! If You Try etation always under careful training and 1219 Wabash Ave., 83 Chicago, EL flowers, vivid and Makers úºm aajs"A" Storage Bry Anyone who can whistle a tune can master it control. Profuse with :WOW Drools. 100 Amy. $11.25: 120 Am 313.55,: 140 Amp. $14.00. quickly. 3 lessons free with each new instrue gigantic. The houses too, were roofed with All equipped with Solid Rubber Case. hour and within a week ment teach scales in an gardens-sometimes with pergolas and trel- Set your Radio Dials at 210 start you playing popular tunes. From then meters for the new 1000 lises of the aerial scarlet blossoms. Occa- watt World Storage Battery on its great fun learning, and even though Station, you're only interested for pleasure now, you can sionally-these latter details I observed as órld tch ForonnnouneeChicago. STORAGE BATTERIES in 90 days, if you wish, join a band or orchestra. descended close upon the city-I saw we DlUlA -s WFAFf W6N .e WJS KHJ t KGO t KFAFs WJ1T.!Ktal Six Days Free Trial - Easy Terms houses with a tiny swimming pool on the You take no risk when you order a Buescher for roof-a private pool hidden in masses of yourself or for a gift. We will send you any instrument you choose, Saxophone, Cornet, colored flowers. wAGENTS Trombone, Trumpet, on six days free trial. A playground-the playground of Venus. = WANTED This places you under no obligation. If you like the instrument and decide to keep it, pay It seemed very backward-uncivilized. And 5 Tub' Demonstrator FREE! a little each month. Get the details of this then Wolfgar pointed out the surrounding Earn $25 to $100 a Week. Part or Full Time wonderful plan. Clip the coupon below. Send hillsides. On them, cleared of their vege- Everyone a prospect. Complete line standard sets and for the free literature. Send it today. Now. accessories, $5 to $90. Write today for illustrated it tation, our modern civilization stood gaunt catalog and exclusive selling plan for live dealers and BUESCHER BAND INSTRUMENT CO. community agents. and efficient. Towers, aerials, landing 20TH CENTURY RADIO CO. Everything in Band and Orchestra Instruments stages, aerial trams, factories, tall stacks 1151 Coca Cola Bldg. Kansas Cibi, Mo. 1368 Buescher Block Elkhart, Indiana over the dynamo houses belching thick This 64 page book tells black smoke, which artificial wind -gener- NEW METHOD staelfrtme about the various models POCKET with pictures of profes- ators carefully blew away from the city. LIGHTER sionals using them. Send In the midst of their hillside ring of What Makes It Light? for copy of this wonderful No wind can blow it out. necessary modernity, the people of the Great Packed In Holly Box far Christmas SAXOPHONE City had kept their playground inviolate. A Scientific Marvel Work, science, industry-all necessary. But Fully guaranteed 50c Art, NEW METHOD MFG. CO. the real business of life was pleasure. Dept. 3-14 Bradford, Pa. BOOK for ready music, beauty. . And I am not far from Dealers-Ask your Jobber this seller Clip the Coupon 7'fOW! thinking that unless abused, their formula is better than ours. LATEST WHOLESALE Buescher Band Instrument Co. 1368 Buescher Block, Elkhart, Indiana. CHAPTER XVII RADIO CATALOG I am interested in instrument checked below. Simply send name Saxophonep Cornet CI Trombone Trumpet The Violet Beam of Death TODAY for big 64 - (Mention any other instrument interested in) page book explaining Name We landed on a stage at the summit of one REE liberal proposition Street Address of the nearer hillsides. Our coming-un- paying agents $60 to $100 a week, and how to get latest radio goods at Wholesale. Live Town heralded since we had carried no sending dealers and agents wanted. Mo. eq. Ilmmer- mm, mal instruments-created a furore. The work - Standard Radio Co., 1412 Walnut St., Kansas City,

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 5u3 ers rested to watch us as we disembarked. It was not. so different a scene, here on the hill, than might have occurred on Earth. But then we took a moving platform, down the hill and to the water's edge. A barge was awaiting us-a broad flat vessel of gaudy trappings. A score of attendants lined its sides, each with a pole to thrust it through the shallow water. And on its high -raised stern, beneath a canopy was a cot-oh upon which Tarrano reclined, with us of his party at his feet. A royal barge, queerly ancient, barbaric- nm:nding me of the flat, motionless pic- tures of Earth's early history. Yet it was a symbol here on Venus, not of barbarism, but of decadence. We started off. I may have given a false idea of the size of the Great City. Its lake, indeed, was fully fifteen miles or more in diameter. Half a million people lived on or close around that placid stretch of water. The news of Tarrano's arrival had instant- ly spread. Graceful boats, all propelled by hand, thronged our course. From them, and from every house -window, balcony and An Account of Stewardship roof -top, a waving multitude cheered the coming of the Master. The new Master, to whom so recently they had given their al- FIFTY years ago Dr. Alexander If he had lived to this semi - legiance-the Master who in return was Graham Bell was busy upon a centennial year, he would have to endow them with life everlasting. new invention-the telephone. seen over 16,000,000 telephones It was a gay, holiday throng-cheering us, miles of tossing flower -petals down upon us as we The first sentence had not been linked by 40,000,000 passed majestically beneath the bridges. Yet heard; the patent had not been wire spanning the American con- among these gaudily dressed women and filed; the demonstration of the tinent and bringing the whole telephone at the Centennial Ex- nation within intimate talking position had not been made. All distance. He would have seen in these noteworthy events were to the Bell System, which bears his Important Art iC1eS to occur later in the year 1876. But name, perhaps the largest indus- Appear In Jan. Issue of already, at the beginning of the trial organization in the world "The Experimenter" year, the basic principle of the with nearly $3,000,000,000 worth new art had been discovered and of public -serving property, owned Moore Gaseous Conductor Lamp, By T. O'Conor Sloane, Ph.D. Bell's experiments were approach- chiefly by an army of customers The Story of the Bell Telephone ing a successful issue. and employees. The Oscillaud, The inventor of the telephone He would have seen developed By Harry R. Lubcke. The Evolution of the Vacuum Tube lived to see the telephone in daily from the product of his brain a (Part II) use by millions all over the world new art, binding together the By Leon L. Adelman, A.M. I.R.E. thousands of develop- thoughts and actions of a nation A Low Powered Transmitter and to see Laboratory Chemicals from Common ments from his original discovery. for the welfare of all the people. Sources, By Earle R. Caley, M. Sc. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY men with the luster of wealth and ease upon them, others mingled. Others of a AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES lower class, poorly dressed, with the badge of servitude upon them, enthralled in a so- cial peonage which I did- not yet understand. "Slaans," Wolfgar called them. A term half of derision, half contempt. And Wolf - BELL S YS TEM gar pointed one out to me. A huge grey, surly -looking fellow passing in a one-man shell or boat of tree -fibre. He gazed up IN ITS SEMI -CENTENNIAL YEAR THE BELL SYSTEM LOOKS FOR- i't us as he went by-a furtive glance of cold, sullen fury. Unmistakable. And I saw WARD TO CONTINUED PROGRESS IN TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION it again on others of his kind-men, women, even children who gazed at us with big, round eyes. A dumb, sullen resentment, with a smouldering fury beneath it. HB ONE DAY PAYS $150 t04300 PROFITS may have taken Only $35 cash starts you in a money -making battery charging During the trip, which business of your own with this complete HIS One Day Charging an hour, I remarked something also, which outfit. Easy monthly terms let your profits pay for equipment. HB usera easily clear $150 to $300 monthly profits from battery did not at the time seem significant but very service alone. No experience needed to operate an HB. 30 days soon I was to recall it and understand its im- free trial on your shop on absolute money -back guarantee. Uni- versal demand for One Day Battery Service insures your success. port. Argo, of course,. was still with us. As Write for free bulletin 26. we embarked upon the barge, a man evi- HOBART BROS. CO. Box S-1 TROY, OHIO dently an official of the Great City had paid his humble respects to Tarrano and then withdrawn to a further part of the vessel, drawing Argo with him. I saw the two in close conversation. The official evidently WANT $158-$225 A MONTH? was telling Argo something of importance. I could see Argo growing indignant and Railway ALL POSTAL SALARIES JUST RAISED leer his then his eyes gleaming, a upon cruel Mail Clerks MAIL COUPON BEFORE YOU LOSE IT lips. During trip sat calm, half re- 1 the Tarrano FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, Dept L178, Rochester, N. Y. clining on his couch-sat watching with his '-'- - '- !tea.t a Sirs: Send me without charge, (1) sample Railway osgteatl ClU k xGaomvienrnatmennt tjus;t io(ns) ; ep hcoews keen expressionless eyes the applause of the Steady Work-No Layoffs-Paid Vacations toP a S. end ltiesltl ofm multitude. It was, I think, and I believe he Travel-See Your Country 1 at which examinations will be held. felt it also, the height of his career up to Common Education Sufficient Name Many U. S. Government Jobs Open to Womeno Address

www.americanradiohistory.com 864 Science and Invention for January. 1926 that time-this triumphant entry into the greatest city of Venus. He did not speak, just sat watching and listening, with a half smile of triumph pulling at his mouth. Yet WANTED I know too, that those keen eyes of his did not miss the sullen glances of the slaans. MEN TO MANUFACTURE The weather, as always in the Venus Cen- METAL TOYS AND tral State, was warm-a luxurious tropic NOVELTIES warmth. And now I felt-as I had seen from above-the languorous, sensuous qual- ity of it all. Music, mingled with the ripple Good chance to start your own well -paying business of girlish laughter and cheers, came from producing such big sellers as Toys, Novelties, Ash houses as we passed. Soft, fragrant Trays, Book -blocks, Souvenirs, Advertising Special- the ties, Paper Weights, etc. We furnish forms with flower -petals deluged us. The very air was complete outfit for speedy production. Absolutely laden heavy with exotic perfumes from the no experience or tools necessary; no special place Choose as Your Profession flowers which were everywhere. needed. Small investment puts you on road to suc- cess. Demand exceeds supply and we assist you and We arrived at last at what appeared to co-operate with our manufacturers in selling their be a palace-a broad, low building of pol- products. We put you in touch with the buyers island of its own. It and assure an outlet for your goods. Strictly a Electrical ished stone, on an business proposition and thorough investigation in- was the building I had noticed when first vited. A splendid opportunity for an enormous and we saw the Great City from above. Gardens profitable business for ambitious men. No others its roof. need apply. Catalog and information mailed were about the building, and on request. Engineering Flowers lined its many balconies. on We drew up to a stone landing-place. METAL CAST PRODUCTS CO. Electricity offers a brilliant future to the young 1696 Boston Road, New York man who is about to choose his career. Never be- "The palace of the Princess Maida," fore has there been such wonderful opportunity in Wolfgar whispered. Clear-Tone this great field. Big paying positions in electrical But I had no time to question him. At- work the world over are open FOR to trained men-men who tendants appeared. A queer mixture. In- B. Ja Degree possess specialized, practical congruous men of science, armed with belts knowledge. Come to the \ A in 3 of instruments. They greeted Tarrano hum- Years School of Engineering of Your Milwaukee-the largest and best equipped electrical bly; escorted him away. skins can be school in America. Here you are trained in both Other attendants. Natives of the city, in quickly cleared theory and practice by a faculty of experts. You the flowing, bright -colored robes we had of Pimples, Black- learn in large, finely equipped laboratories. If you heads, Acne Eruptions on have 14 high school credits or equivalent, you can seen everywhere. A group of them-laugh- the face or body, Barbers Itch become an Electrical Engineer with a Bachelor of ing young girls-descended upon us. and Eczema, Enlarged Pores Oily Science degree in 3 years. If you lack these "The Princess Maida bids you welcome." or Shiny Skin. CLEAR -TONE has credits, they can be made up at the School of Engi- been Tested and Proven its merits neering in a short, intensive course. They hurried us into the building. I Tried, was surprised. Tarrano had seemingly ig- in over 100,000 test cases. WRITE TODAY for my FREE nored us. It was quite as though we were Booklet-"A CLEAR -TONE REE SKIN"-telling how I cured A Complete myself after being afflicted for fifteen years. -nr-er-",r -e-.-r... ,-+ E. S. GIVENS 168 Chemical Bldg. Kansas City, Mo. Practical Electrical Feature Articles in Education January "Radio News" ARE YOU THE MAN to be first in your town to sell and Learn by the thorough, approved scientific meth- An Automatic Single Control Regenerator, demonstrate POWEROLA, the famous ods which our twenty years of specializing enable which is just what the name implies, has 5 tube, no -battery electric light socket . only one radio receiver (not an attachment), us to give you. In addition to Electrical Engineer- control and is as efficient as the universal for D.C. or A.C. (100-115 v., ing, the following complete courses are given : old time tickler. 40-60 cycle), now sold and demon- D.C. and A.C. Motors and Generators, Armature By Sylvan Harris. strated by THE NEW YORK EDISON and CO., public utility companies and Winding, 3 mos.; Electric Light, Heat Power radio, electric and music dealers every- Wiring, 3 mos.; Practical Electricity, 6 mos. ; Advice to Inventors, where. Absolutely dependable, fully Automotive Electricity, 3 mos.; Radio Sales, By Dr. Lee DeForest guaranteed, powerful, practical, per- Service and Radiocasting, 3 mos.; Junior Electrical fect in performance. Engineering, 12 to 30 mos.; Electrotechnics, 1 yr.; Results of the $300 Lightning Contest Are You the Man Who Sees Opportun- Commercial Electrical Engineering, 1 yr. ities Ahead for Real Money Making? Investigation of the Ultra Short Waves, Write for literature, terms and prices at once. While You Learn By Dr. A. Hoyt Taylor Earn POWEROLA RADIO CORP. By our special system you may earn while learning. Our One Tube Regenerator Brings in the Coast employment department will secure You a position to which 1845 Broadway New York City you may devote part of each day, spending the remainder at the school. This plan both solves the student's financial problems and provides splen- did experience at the same time. Low tuition fees. Board Enter At Any LAY AN OCTAVE and room reasonable. Daily honored guests, arriving in the Central PANYONE CAN: IMMEDIATELY T Broadcasting WSOE. School Time (Titis is the Oetavetl Orchestra. Fraternities. State when Maida was its ruler. $ 1 Led by the girls, we passed upward into ' ~ i ------Postpaid the building past splashing fountains, cas- The Octavet is a flutelike instru- Write for Free Catalog ment that gives clear, sweet tones and cades of perfumed water with tubes of sil- Is remarkably easy to play. Our $7 corner Write today for free, illus- 11 ver light gleaming in its midst; and and $9 trombone, thumb operated WOW - LECTURES ON trated catalog lust off the were Mutes are ready. Prices postpaid. Note pages, 477-487 press. Read about this won- thrust at last into a room. Sept. issue, 624 Nov. issue, Science & Invention. Consul+ ELECTRICITY derful institution and the d ircetly the manufacturers of the It -Flat -C combined pitch G iven weekly from great opportunities that lie The girls withdrew. Across the floor -pol- Saxophones and Musettes as Illus. in Science & Invention before you. Find out about OCTAVETSHOP, 35 Duffield, Brooklyn, New York WSOE our specialized method of ished stone, with heavy woven rugs upon Radiocast Station. training and the details of our it-Georg and the Princess Maida advanced "Earn While You Learn" plan. upon us. FREE Book on Our greetings were brief. I could have CJCH(32Lof ENGINEERING talked to them both for a day, questioning of Milwaukee them; and they, no doubt had as much to Deafness Dept.Sl-126-415 Marshall Street, Milwaukee. Wisconsin Write today for 168 page FREE book ask of us. But they were solemn, grave and giving fullparticularsandtestimonials anxious. from hundreds of grateful users whose hearing has been restored by useof our SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING OF MILWAUKEE, "Not now, "little wireless phones for the ears." Dept. SI -126, 415 Marshall St., Milwaukee, Wis. Jac," Georg said to check me. Please send me your free illustrated catalog on your "Elza dear-I havè been so worried over Wilson Common -Sense Ear Drums course and give me details of your "Earn you." require no medicine but effectively replace what is While you Learn" plan. (Be sure to give your age and edu- lacking or defective in the natural ear drums. They cation). I demanded. are simple devices, which the wearer easily fits into the "But-" ears where they are invisible. Soft, safe and comfortable. "Jac-the situation here-our own cause WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated Name -the safety of our Earth itself-this Tar - 294 Todd Building LOUISVILLE. KY, rano-" -"CLASS RINGS & P/NS Address But Maida stopped him. "The very air Largest Catalog Issued-FREE has ears. Not now." Her glance turned Samples loaned class offi- State MCPtv/v cers. Prices $.20 to $8.00 Town to Wolfgar; her slim hands went out to each. No order for class, society, club greet him. "Wolf gar, my friend. It is emblems too large or too small. Special hl designs made on request. Age Education good to see you here." METAL ARTS CO., Ise. 7723 Sogtb Are., Rochester. N.Y.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 865 Wolfgar knelt before her, gazed for one instant into her eyes, and then with head bowed, brushed the hem of her robe' to his face. She laughed gently. "Stand up, Wolfgar. When Winter Comes I would not be the Princess Maida to you You will find at beautiful now. Only-your friend. Your grateful - friend." There was a sudden soundless flash. From MIAMI BEACH across the room a beam of violet flame dart- Polo-Tennis-Fishing-Boating-Golfing and Bathing ed at us. It struck just between Maida and just a step from Wolfgar, as he rose from his knee. Both of them involuntarily stepped backward, apart from each other. And between THE WOFFORD them, to the Turquoise Sea, rippling over the coral strands or breast high, the flame hung level across the recline room. Maida was on one side of it; all the under gently swaying palms. rest of us. on the other. The social atmosphere charming, and the service remini- I turned. At the door, Argo had appeared. scent of old time Southern hospital_ty. From a black object in his hand, the beam Write for rates and beau- was streaming. He rested the black thing tifully illustrated booklet. on a wall ledge so that the beam hung level. "Stand where you are, all of you." He started toward Maida, behind the beam from the rest of us. Georg made as though to leap forward, but Wolfgar restrained him. "Wait! You don't understand-that's death !" I saw now that the violet light had en- circled us. Only Maida and Argo were out- side it. He was approaching her, with a cylinder in his hand. The ray from it struck her without power of movement or speech. Her eyes, terrified, turned to us. Again Georg would have leaped, but Wolfgar shouted, "Wait! That's death! Don't you understand?" J Argo was leering. "Death? Yes! If you touch that violet light! Death, of course. But you won't touch it! You will stand and watch-stand silently for you know that if you shout, the vibrations will bring the ee By beam upon you. You Radio! won't move-you'll stand and watch me kill your Princess Mai- PHOTOTRON--The new alkali -METAL -cell da-not quickly-she is too beautiful for that. You, Georg Brende-you, Wolfgar, that responds to light rays traitor from Mars. You shall see your Prin- cess Maida die-this would-be traitoress to A few of the uses to my Master Tarrano !" OTRON which the PHOTO- With all the strength of his puny body The Wonder of the Age TRON may be put are: Wolfgar flung Georg backward-safely away Talking motion pictures. from the The PHOTOTRON principle is identical deadly violet beam. And then. to that which some of the greatest New type phonographs. without warning, scien- Pictures by Radio and Tele- without a cry which tists are using in their laboratories today. graph would endanger us, the little Mars -mall The cell that responds to light rays. It is Radio, "movies." sprang headlong, into entirely practical, sensitive and durable. It Burglar and through the vio- will not deteriorate and should last the alarm devices. let beam of death. user Television. a lifetime. Radio detection. (To be continued) A marvelous instrument for experiment. A Direct reading photometry. strong permanent tube fitting the ordinary Automatic light and electric radio socket. sign control. IMPORTANT Controlling electric circuits PRICE through relays. TO $ Automatic counting devices. NEWSSTAND READERS Cable telegraphy. IN order to eliminate all waste and un- EACH Color sorting devices. sold copies it has become necessary to Cardiographic apparatus. supply newsstand dealers only with the ac- Stencil cutting machines. tual number of copies for which they have Write for descriptive literature orders. This makes it advisable to place an order with your newsdealer, asking him 247 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. to reserve a copy for you every month. PHOTION ELECTRIC CORP . 1269 Cochran Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. Otherwise he will not be able to supply your copy. For your convenience, we are appending herewith a blank which we ask SEND The Picture Magazine you to be good enough to fill in and hand of a thou- to sand thrills for those who love your newsdealer. He will then be in a NO\1,) The BODY position to supply copies to you regularly a°°Li fé BEAUTIFUL, Mind every month. for_ Intellectual, Soul Intuitional. Will add much to your health, If you are interested in wealth, happiness, character, understanding and appreciation receiving your copy every month, do not fail if Art, Nature and Life. Different, nothing like it. You must to sign this blank. It costs you noth- see and read it. Beautiful Rote -print pictures of birds, animals, ing to do so. scenery, Lense-art photos of the Human Figure. Educational, interesting, helpful. Lessons in Art and Photography, Mental and Physical Culture; contests, cash art assignments, etc. For Artists, Photographers, Teachers, Writers, Poets, Movie- To .._._..._...._..._..__...._..-----_...._... Newsdealer fans, Students, THINKERS, and all who wish to develop power of Body,\ Mind and Soul.-Thousands Address of recommendations like the following: I must say it is one of the most wonderful magazines printed, and Please reserve for me copies I have not missed any copies for the last You can't loose. SCIENCE of three years. J. C. M., Cottam, Ont. O.K. or refund & INVENTION every month From the time you started the magazine, years ago, until I notify you otherwise, and greatly oblige, CUT it has been a source of inspiration to me. C. D. and send with $2.50 for yearly sub, or $I YOU BE THE JUDGE Name..._.._ _....__.. ____..r __...._------_--- THIS OUT 4 Mo. Trial Sub. (No free samples.) for ART AND LIFE, Dept. 2609 Kalamazoo, Mich. Address New 64 -page booklet, "Making It Easy to Build Things of Wood," ex- It's Easy to Build Things: plains how to perform many woodworking operations. Contains latest in- formation on complete line of Bolee -Crane Circular Saws, Jig Saws, Band Saws, Jointers, Lathes, Mortiser and Drills. Send ten cents NOW for this fully illustrated and interesting booklet. Junior Saw SUN A REFLECTOR Does ripping, mitering, grooving, sanding, grinding, and drilling with ease and accu- racy. Table 10"xI3". Saws 21" stock. Dadoes That the surface of the sun acts as a re- %"x%' . Makes mouldings. flector is proven by motion 8" Bench Lathe pictures. One nnwnnsai Does taming, drilling, sawing, sanding, grind. film depicts a reflection of the moon on the ing and jig sawing in wood or soft metal. Swings 8". Capacity 20" between centers. dust envelope of the sun and images of All Boice machines driven by '4 to 34 H.P. planets are also said to be visible. Motor attached to light socket. W. B. & J. E. BOICE, Dept. SI-IB, Toledo, Ohio

www.americanradiohistory.com 866 Science and Invention for January, 1926

SUPER -HETERODYNE

THE NEUTRODYNE

5-TUBE COCKADAY -and you can build the

finest Radio Receivers THE REFLEX Quickly and Easily It takes but one or two evenings, using only the simplest tools to construct, at home, any one of the big, popular receivers shown on this page. All you need is the well known CONSRAD Pattern that covers this particular receiver. CONSRAD Patterns are marvelously simple. You don't have to measure the spacing on the panel board or the placing of the parts. It is all drawn for you on the Blueprints the same as indications are given on a lady's dress pattern. And you don't have to use 100 different tools to complete the job-just six or seven ordinary tools found in every household. A screwdriver, a pen -knife, a pair of pliers, etc., and you are ready to go ahead. THE PORTABLE Visit your nearest Radio Dealer, ask him to let you look at some CONSRAD Patterns, select the one you want. Pay the Dealer 50c and you have complete instructions and blueprints for the construction of the Receiver. IF YOUR DEALER CANNOT SUPPLY YOU, WRITE DIRECT, MENTIONING THE RECEIVER YOU WISH TO BUILD AND ENCLOSING FULL PRICE. REMEMBER: CONSRAD Patterns-only 50c-give complete full sized blue- prints and instruction booklet. Everything ready to build.

The CONSRAD COMPANY, 233 Fulton St., New York

EVERYTHINGConsrad IN RADIO BOOKS, PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 867

Loots How to Follow WRNY By DR. CHAS. D. ISAACSON Diamonds (Continued from page 833) No. 30 Wi1L4 .s $100

$2.50 i, CASH or CREDIT A GENUINE DIAMONDS cast of "Mary, Mary," including the princi- Week 1 4.4 GUARANTEED .91q pals, Mary Saxon and Harry Puck were Send for there another evening and it must not be for- No, f7 $125 Catalog gotten that on Navy Day, the "Captain Over 2 000 illustra- $3.25 tions of Diamond -set Jinks" company, including Ada May and The Jewelry Watches. .Diatmondse Week Peoria, Meek; chorus, broadcast from the U.S.S. Illinois, Bags, etc. Sent Ringshreare prepaid for your or that Theatre Guild players brought us brilliant, Blue free seamina. White, high- Um, 521. many of the cast of "Arms and the Man." . 1.1 set len s ms. hee mount- $27.50 Guaranteed "Whose Birthday Today" is now in mighty Solid 18-k or ' White Gold, except $1.00 Back. good hands. The mysterious Miss Cattell No. 20, which le Plat. i' ., 'tot,e takes names and birthdays and tells us what TERMS: G.'1111ed óally- .4.9e. they mean, numeralogically and astrologic- payment of one -tenth of purchase price; balance in ally, and, although it has nothing to do with aual amounts payable week- ly, eemi-monthly or monthly. the subject, Albert McCann has been doing at your convenience. Wrist Watches for Gifts the same thing with "Food," Dr. Block with No. 49-Wrist Watch. Solid "Mental Advice" and Dr. Finkel with "Diet." 18-k White Gold, 17 Jewels, No. 20 $40. Delivered on first Day- I think that one of the loveliest of all fea- of $4.00, $.a 00 A $200 thenm t i WEEK $5.00 tures has been the "Twilight Musicales" on LOFTIS BROS.&CO. 1r4 Sunday afternoon, although if Dr. Christian NATIONAL JEWELERS in men like Dept. 1122 Reisner continues to bring Sen- 108 N. State St.. Chicago, Ill. ator Copeland, Dr. Buckner, and others, he may lead the other features. EARLE E. LIEDERMAN Radio Fans-Listen fimon WWL'' every Puesdaÿ As I look over the light opera presenta- The Muscle Builder night from 10 to 10:30, central standard7 time. Loftis Bros. & Co.'s hour of music. tions, I recall that the Mme. Andres Parker Author of "Muscle Building," "Science of Singers gave "The Pirates of Penzance," Wrestling," "Secrets of Strength," "Here's and the Gordon Hampson Light Opera Com- Health," Etc. WRIT-yew ' 2-YEq pany presented "Robin Hood." GUARANTE Do you know that WRNY had the dis- The Unpardonable Sin tinction of bringing in more political speak- A man may kick his neighbor, poke hint in the ers than any other station? Frank Water- nose or throw him down stairs. If he has any McKee, kind of an excuse we pass it by. That's all Battery Prices man, ex -Governor Whitman, Justice right. But what a fool is the fellow who delib- George Gordon Battle, Senator Walker, Ida erately kicks himself in the shins. He's a nut. SMASMEEE: Slack, not to mention many others. That's all there is to that. To Consumers Only Do you know we had this month such It's a sin and offense to abuse others, but there Here is a real battery quality, that are tittles when it will be overlooked. Never, how- guaranteed to you at prices speakers as Henry W. Taft and Judge Alton ever, can we overlook a man's abuse of himself. that will astound the entire bat- tery -buying public. Order Di- B. Parker? That is the unpardonable sin which brings de- rect From Factory. Put the course, ladies know struction...... Dealer's Profit in your own pock- Of all the what "Pic- et. You actually save much more torial Review Says," and everybody knows Are You an Offender? than half, and so that you can be Dana to Check up ou yourself, fellow! Are you playing square convinced of true quality and perform- that Charles Gibson comes WRNY with yourself? You've got a wonderful body there. Are ance we give a Written 2 -Year Guaran- with that laughable feature, "Life's Jokes." you giving it all the breaks in life? Do you wake in the tee. Ílere is your protection! No need to scorning burning with pep and ambition? Do you still take a chance. Our battery is right-and You already know that Ben Bernie is have the keen appetite of a kid? Do you have plenty of the price is lowest ever made. Convince back, don't you? Yes, he is-with his snap and zip as sun go about your daily work? If not, yourself. Read the prices! you're just as bad as the chap who kicks himself In the Auto Batteries Radio Batteries famous orchestra. shins. You're either a real, live, muscular, red-blooded, 8Volt,11 Plate,59.50 6Volt,100AmD.59.50 two-fisted, he-man or your body Is being given a raw 6VoIt,13 Plate, 11.50 fVolt,120 Amp. 1.50 As I look back over the book, the biggest deal. Who's at fault? If no one else is abusing you, It 12Volt, 7 Plate, 13.00 6Yolt.140 Amp. 13.00 must be Buy Direct-Send No Money of all things that we have done at WRNY yourself. We ask no deposit. Simply eead name and ad- looms up-the WRNY Artists' gathering. Stop It dress d style wanted. Battery wIll be eh. p.Ded Express CÓ . By the way, I must tell you that the front Cut it out right now. Determine this minute that you're eeecttyrevYtneryour examination nobody's fool. If you only knew on boall Our what a stsong, robust, guarantee of our big book is a picture of a photo taken healthy body' meant, you would have had one long ago. Wloweal %dlaaeonst y. that night. About 300 were present and Take it from me, fellow, It's great to be healthy. I've for earth . been both ways and I know. Let's you and I work this cannot lose! - everybody broadcast for one minute. I won- thing out. What do you say? I'm a muscle builder. I'm Send your order today i a pep builder. I've taken the sickliest looking scare der how many listened in that night. crows you'd ever want to look at, and I've built them up ARROW BATTERY CO. into real big, powerful, Dept. 9 1215 So. The Radio Theatre Players presented virile men. Listen to this and Wabasn Ave.,Chicago -4ROg, I'll shoot you off a few things that are coming your way. SArrEGT "Nothing But the Truth" this month, and In just 30 days, I'm going to add one full inch onto could those arms of yours. Yes, and two inches to your chest the listeners all said that they "see" In the same length of time. But that's nothing. Get this. the whole thing, as well as hear it. The I'm going to broaden your back and deepen your chest so that every breath you take will drag a full load of oxy- Radio Art Theatre gave a performance of gen into your lungs, shooting life-giving red corpuscle, Moliere's "The Affected Young Ladies." into every nook and corner of your body. I'll broaden your shoulders and strengthen your neck. I'll put an The Women's Hour is getting to be quite armor -plate of muscle over that old tummy of yours. I'll has shoot a quiver up your spine that will make you feel like a feature. Mrs. Edgar Cecil Melledge turning flipflops. Meanwhile I'll work on every muscle This Tenor.BanjoREE been taking charge of one of these groups inside your body, pepping up your vital organs and put- ting fire into your whole system. Good? You're darn and among the speakers so far presented tootin' it's good. It's wonderful. And the best of it is- Helen Boswell, Mrs. I don't just promise these things. I GUARANTEE have been Miss Varick THEM. You take no chances with me. It's a sure bet. Angelique V. Orr, Mrs. Ida Slack, Mrs. Well, what do you say? Let's ride. Aido Mayo and Mrs. Bedell Parker. rroll owe want Send for my new 64.page book threyouh I will see you again next month. wenderful,deli ht- IT'S FREE fel iaetrumenta. W e want to help every Can you beat that one? It's yours for the asking. All I music lover attain eon- ask is 10 cents to cover cost of mailing and wrapping. And, oh boy, what you get-over four dozen full -page eeddgehtneceaeary Leam photographs of myself and some of my prize-winning In' 0 minutes. Ourpicture WANTED reethodehowsy d you Pupils-a library of masterpieces-and the book-it's the imitate. We start your peppiest piece of literature you ever focused y3our lamps ARTICLES pertaining to auto- on. Tells the trick. Just how I do it. Look It over and f mnpbyaupelying you with if you don't read from cmeer to cover, it. a handsome instrument. Um mobiles such as handy kinks, it I'll eat der personal supervision you Well, what are we wafting for? Here's the coupon. Fill will be given the beeefitof Prof. roadside repairs and anything of in your name and address. Then shoot it to the mail box. Six'. 22 experience No! Don't put it off. Do it right now. bcofGlee d instrument- interest to the man who drives a al clubs oft-New York Untvemity. the car. $50.00 in prizes every month EARLE E. teaser along withphonoirmeh yM LIEDERMAN orde for each lesson, totret-t h are offered by MOTOR CAMPER odr printed and illustrated easy -to- Dept. 201 305 Broadway New York City read course. It fa easy to learn. We AND TOURIST for such articles. guarantee to teach you. DON'T SEND A SINGLE CENT Get a copy at your newsstand and EARLE E. LIEDERMAN addnnrreceiviline-tellinggu paiculars,oandeto see what is wanted. If your news- Dept. 201, 31)5 Broadway, New York City one of nor regular 118.00 full size professional gift tenor Dear enclose 10 breserveanjos for yWrite now for.rree book and sample lesson. N. Y. dealer cannot supply you send for Sir:-I herewith cents, for which you Academy O usic. Studio Al 100-5th Avenu ,Newyork. are to send me, without any obligation on my part what- free sample copy to: ever, a cony of gent. latest hook. 'Muscular Develop- ment." (Please write or print plainly.) The Math Pony MOTOR CAMPER & TOURIST A table of partial products which saves time and 53 Name mental effort in multiplication and dlriston. To mul- Park Place, tiply-add. To divide-suhtract. Absolutely accurate. New York City. Street Invaluable for students. fine (money order). MATH PONY. 229 N. Harvey Ave., Oak Park, -111. City Ctote

www.americanradiohistory.com 868 Science and Invention for January, 1926 Power Measured in the Millionths!

Radio Books that tell how- when and why Tips for the Radio Amateur Constructor Many men fail in building their Radio sets because of some trivial error that could easily have been corrected before it was too late. The E. I. Company has compiled a book that will help you avoid all the com- mon pitfalls while building your Radio sets. Boak No. I-Price 25e. How to Make PRACTICAL Radio Receiv- ing Sets The man who wants to build only those PRACTICAL Radio Sets that are guaran- teed to give said results when properly con- structed will need this book. Gives the prin- cipal successful hookups of practical Radio Construction. Book No. 2-Price 25e. Radio Questions Answered impulses is is tiny Radio? This The reach Question No. l-What that the nature of the questions that this book answers. Then it answers questions on all the principal parts of a Radio Receiver. It is a handy book to keep in your Radio File. Book No. 3-Price 25e. your radio receiver are Radio Frequency Amplification Distance lends enchantment-and it's the Radio Frequency Amplification that brings in the distance on your Radio Receiver. If you contemplate adding any Radio Fre- measured in Millionths of quency to your set you will want this book at your side. Book No. 4-Price 25e. How to Tune Your Radio Set Don't struggle in the dark. looking for sta- tions-here is an inexpensive book that Watts-Yet they produce the gives you detailed instructions on just how to handle your Radio set. You will be sur- prised at the Increased results that can be obtained through proper tuning. Book No. 6 -Price 25c. magical wonders of radio NO Radio Hookups No better book for your work bench. Gives diagrams, hook-ups and details on Radio Rook -ups galore. One of the most complete honk -up books published. Authentic and The most remarkable fact in radio is that only the most infinitesimal up-to-date in every respect. Third edition now ready. Book No. 7-Price 25e. portions of the power sent by a broadcast station strike your receiver. All About Radio Parts Everyone who constructs a radio set should Instruments of marvelous delicacy must be used to measure the power know the simple fundamentals of the vari- ous parts of his set. The E. I. Company of an incoming signal. has set these forth in a compact little book that is valuable at all times. Book No. 8- Price 25e. Yet a radio receiver is a remarkably simple piece of apparatus-thousands History and Operation of the Vacuum Tube The Vacuum Tube is a marvelous piece of build their own receivers with undeniable success. apparatus. A short study of it as given in this hook gives you the principle on which every Vacuum Tube Radio Receiver operates. Book No. 9-Price 25c. You can get the most from this weak impulse, and preserve the full value The Neutrodyne-Ali About It a Everybody knows the famous Nentrodyne of your set, whether it is home built or bought complete with little honk -up. One of the finest Radio Receivers in use today. This 54 -page E. L Company knowledge of what is going on in your receivers and where to look hook gives an explanation of every detail of the Neutrodyne and how it all works. Book for trouble. No. 19-Price 25e. How Radio Is Received The simplest and yet most complete Radio The books described on this page have been written with the needs of Guide Ronk for any amateur broadcast lis- tener. In print only two weeks, fresh from the average radio listener in view. They are inexpensive, easy to under- the press. Book No. II-Price 25e. How to Locate Troubles in Your Radio Set stand and contain just the information you should have while operating Anyone wtth this handy book as a guide can repair and keep in order his own radio set. a receiver. Covers every detail of the modern radio sets and tells how to locate and repair any trouble. Book No. 12-Price 25e. Books are 25c each, within the reach of everyone. They offer the sim- Radio Reflex Receivers just off the press. Ronk -ups galore nn the plest and most inexpensive way to understand Radio. finest and mast up-to-date reflex circuits in use today. Diagrams and descriptions on every modern reflex. Bock No. 13-Price 25e. SELECT THE BOOKS YOU NEED AND ENJOY YOUR RECEIVER TO ITS FULLEST VALUE. E. I. Co. Books

Sold throughout the country by all Radio and News Dealers THE E. I. COMPANY, Inc. If Your Dealer Cannot Supply You, Write Direct 233 FULTON STREET NEW YORK, N. Y.

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 869

Grid Leaks-The Biggest Little Thing in Radio By FRANCIS R. EHLE one (Continued from page 835) In purchasing grid leaks great caution should be exercised to purchase only a reli- Cabinet able type. Carbon paper, impregnated paper Shop Special or pencil mark grid leaks when examined un- a microscope, look much like coarse sand N o. 7 der paper. When an electrical current is passed Aviation through them, as is constantly occurring in $250 the grid circuit of the detector tube, a mi- Brings Quick AS ILLUSTRATED nute arcing effect is noticed, so small as to WITH MOTOR be invisible but its effect can easily be heard THE MOST POPULAR MACHINE PARKS as a hissing, rushing sound in the reproducer. EVER BUILT! A winner from the start. A real This very considerably affects the quality Success machine, yet convenient size for the small shop. Does everything in woodworking. Has circular rip and sensitivity of the receiver. Use only TO young men of daring no other and cut-off saw, 6 -inch jointer, 16 -inch bandsaw. good grid leaks-preferably metallized. Lathe and shaper attached if desired at small cost. field of work offers such a fascina- Operates from any light socket. Just plug in and Ordinarily these values of leaks for vari - tion, such high pay, nor such oppor- go to work) us tubes are correct. tunities for quick success as the field of IVrite for interesting circular Tube Grid leak value Aviation. As yet, aviation is practically i "V 2 to 3V2 Megohms The Parks Ball Bearing Machine Co 201-A or 301-A in its infancy. But now is the time to IJeForest DV -6 3 Megohms 1553 Knowlton St., Cincinnati, Ohio get in. Canadian Fac: 200 Notre Dame East. Montreal, Can. \\"D-11 or WD -12 3 to 5 Megohms l: V-199 or C-299 3 to 5 Megohms Amazing Opportunities i' V-200 or C-300 ' 1 to 2 Megohms The exact value of grid leak to use de- in Airplane Industries In the automobile industry and in the moving pends upon the length of time that the tube picture business hundreds of men got rich by has been in operating service, the plate volt- getting in at the start. They made their success utnllInit_I"-1uulluu Satlíll'I age, and the type of circuit employed. As, before others woke up. Today, these lines offer WOODWORKING MACHINES: no greater opportunities than a hundred and one di the value is oft -times a deciding factor in the others. BUT AVIATION IS NEW. Get in while sensitivity of the receiver a number of values the opportunities are big. All over the country a should be experimented with or a reliable there will be a clamor for trained men. It will not ulic leant variable grid leak ranging from one to five be a question of pay but of getting capable men. megohms used. Become an Aviation Expert H wa iáañ Gúit:11'-. A new process for the manufacture of grid leaks to be used with radio receiving $50 to $100 per Week P,lav LikeinNatil sets incorporates many advantages and pro- The study of aviation is almost as fascinating This Hawaiian Guitar expert wants is full of in- so duces a high resistance of either fixed or as the actual work. Every lesson to welcome you as a student, terest. That is why it is easy to learn aviation. you will quickly learn to play Ha- is constant in / will play just variable value that absolutely You do not have to make yourself study-it is waiian Guitar-you like native Hawaiians. To help your operation. At the factory where these lit- like reading an interesting book that tells you musical success which ... tle, instruments are made, things you have always wanted to know. Only will bring you popular- ree °. yet all-important one hour each evening will give you the basic ity, you will receive a 18Hawaiian the process followed is essentially as fol- in a surprisingly short time. beautiful Hawaiian Gui- training tar free, when you enroll. Guitar -when lows. Glass is spun into 500 foot lengths One student, S. F. McNaughton, Chicago, says: Our short cut method of you enroll in the form of a small wire of absolutely "Your lessons are like a romance, and what instruction will enable you after one read- from is is more, to play a piece almost (/ uniform diameter. This material wound ing, the student gets the first lesson. We furnish upon reel and then passed through a solu- thorough understand- you with easy -to -understand a Fascinating a printed lessons, and pictures Of tion of conducting material. A certain ing. One never tires of our native instructors in ac- reading them." James tion, phonograph records for amount adheres to the surface of the glass -Daring- Powers, Pa., another each lesson and charts. You which then is passed through a high tem- Big Paying student, says, "I am in- play almost from first lesson. deed surprised that It Is easy to learn. We guar- perature furnace. This latter device is so Prepare Now for One you. Don't -- of These Positions such a valuable course antee to teach sender constructed that a steady flow of gas passes such a cent. Write -telling you are Aeronautical Instructor can be had from interested in receiving par- ' S over the surface of the glass wire. In this practical men for so ticulars, and to reserve one of $60 to $150 per week little cost." our regular $18 gift Hawallan Guitars way, the conducting material is annealed on Aeronautical Engineer for you. Write for free book and sample :A- the surface of the glass and the result is a $100 to $300 per week min. Hawaiian Studio 551 of N. Y. Academy Aeronautical Contractor Personal of Music, 100 Fifth Ate. N.Y very uniform thickness of metal deposited Enormous profits upon a perfect insulating base. The result- Aeroplane Repairman Instruction ing combination of glass and metal is then $60 to $75 per week by Experienced Men insulating varnish solu- Aeroplane Mechanician Men who have had ac- passed through an $40 to $60 Der week tual experience give tion and allowed to dry. The long length is Aeroplane Inspector you personal attention. iayaCoim then cut up into short strips of uniform size $50 to $75 per week They select the lessons Aeroplane Salesman lectures, blueprints and and then goes to the assembly room. Here $5000 per year and up bulletins. They tell you - SAXOPH the metal surface on the glass rod is actually Aeroplane Assembler things that are essen- soldered to the metal caps forming the ter- $40 to $65 per week tial in everyday prac- This Free B .ok tells about Aeroplane Builder tice. Each lesson is exclusive features which minals of the grid leak. It is also, of week make the Conn easiest of all $75 to $200 per easy to read and un- wind instruments to play. course, enclosed in a glass or other protect- derstand. Send now for your copy and details of ing tube so as to be impervious to the ac- Free Trial; Easy Payments on any Conn instrument for band or orchestra. tion of atmospheric and temperature changes. Get Big FREE Book-Now td. The soldering of the fine thin metal film below for New Book, just out, "Op- 150 lad. Send coupon Conn Bldg.,Elkhaart, is a most delicate process portunities in the Airplane Industry." It is in- to the brass caps It will show you and upon it depends the ultimate success of teresting and instructive. many Creighton Hale, fa- things you never knew before about aviation. mous movie star and the grid leak. It can be seen that perfect We have but a limited supply of these books- accomplished saxo- send the coupon before they are all gone. phonist uses a Conn, contacts can be made in this way and that as do most promi- the resulting grid leak will be most efficient. nent stars American School_of Aviation During the entire process of annealing 3601 Michigan Ave.. Deptí 1421, Chicago, Ill. the metal to the glass and of varnishing the Course for men of ambi- surface, the resistance per unit length is con- tion and limited t i in e. stantly checked so that any discrepancy can American School of Aviation Electrical Over 9000 men trained. Chicago, Ill. Ave., Dept. i Condensed course in Theoretical and Practical Elec- be corrected before it has gone too far. Thus 3601 Michigan &431 trical including Without any obligation, send me your Free Book, perfect grid leaks are assured. "Opportunities in the Airplane Industry", ale's infor- Engineering lyrelated mation about your course in Practical Aeronautics. subjects of Mathematics and Mechanical Drawing taught by experts. Students construct motors. Install SIEGBAHN GETS NOBEL PHYSICS airing, test electrical machinery. Course complete PRIZE Name -- The Nobel physics prize for 1924 has been In One Year StreetStreet. Prepare for your profession in the most awarded to Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn, interesting city in the world. Estab- Professor of Physics at Lund University, lished in 1093. Free ratalre: City State BLISS ELECTRICAL SCHOOL Sweden, says a recent Associated Press I 261 Takoma Ave., Washington. D. C. report.

www.americanradiohistory.com 870 Science and Invention for January, 1926

I::;1:..1 Answers to Scientific Problems and Puzzles (Continued front Cagy 818)

1. According to the well known principle of Archimedes an object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. If the balloon just barely rises in the atmosphere outside the case it is evident that it is just a little bit lighter than the volume of air which it dis- places. Hence, if it is placed inside the case 12 -Cell - 24 -Volt the balloon will displace less than its own weight of hydrogen (a gas about two twenty- Storage`B'Battery Positively given free with each $100 a Week ninths the specific gravity of air) and will purchase of a WORLD "A" Storage Battery. You must sink. send this ad with your order. in This 2. When an electric current follows an WORLD Batteries are famous for their guaranteed quality Fascinating Work iron pipe through the ground it produces the and service. Backed by years greatest of successful manufacture and $50 to $250 a Week Paid to Good Car- electrolytic action at the point thousands of satisfied users. toonists! where Equipped with Solid Rubber Case. You Can Easily Learn This it leaves the pipe. This is because insurancean against acid and leak- Fascinating Profession Right at Home it decomposes the age. You cave 60 per cent and geta in Spare Time. Send for Free Booklet water at the surface of the pipe into hydrogen and oxygen gas. The sYear Guarantee Explaining Method. WORLD Bat -,L hydrogen passes with the current away f rom Bond in Writing Approved more "tell f and Listed THERE isn't a attractive or highly the pipe but the oxygen goes against the performance.fris deSend yourao°ráé ttoday. paid profession today than cartooning. Solid Rubber Case Radio Batteries as Standard current to the surface of the pipe where it 6 -Volt, ]00.Amoeres . $11.25 by Leading Millions of dollars are spent every year for 6 -Volt, 120 -Amperes. 13.25 combines with the iron to form oxide or 6 -Volt. 140-Amperes . ; ' 14.00 Authorties good cartoons by the 20,000 or more news- Solid Rubber Casa Auto Batteries Including Radio rust. From the diagram it will be seen that 6 -Volt, Il -Plate $11,2g Neme Lsbora- papers and magazines in the United States 6-Volt, 13 Plate. . . . 13.25 tarie., Po lar if the current leaves the pipe at the point 12 -Volt. 7 -Plate 16.00 Science f at; - alone. Capable artists earn $50 to $250 a state bst- trá,ofé C, where the greatest rusting is produced, Send No Moneyerettcei e and ü ar week. day jeer is received, Ex- Radio lahore-Lahore - Fontaine Fox, Briggs, Bud Fisher, fee., Radio the trolley wire must be positive to the owillnes, tvC. l. . biset to examinationed. t Sid Smith and others make more money on aarOff. FREE6 "B" Battery included. Broedenst eeb- track. Offer: 6 per cent and for Cashr. j ratoriee Radio than the presidents of most corporations. In full with order. Buy now and get a guar -r n the oste, 3. Imagine a plumb line (OA) dropped anteed battery a'. 60 ver crut saving to you. and Lefa=, Inc. Think of it! WORLD BATTERY COMPANY from the center of gravity (C.G.) of the 1219 So. Wabash Ave., Dept. 19 CHICAGO, ILL. New Easy Way to Learn Cartooning car. If it strikes the ground as at A' be- Set your Radio Dials at 210 Yet of all the professions cartooning is tween the wheels, the car ; meters for the new 1000 will not tip over watt World Storage Battery now positively one of the easiest to learn. but if it passes below the lower wiled] ® to rl d Watch forannouneehmeete. You don't need to know a thing about draw- such a point as A, the car will be unstable TORAGE BATTERIES ing. Through our amazingly simple method and will overturn. A solution of the right wtsr,wr is,KwEiKGosRAW,W pal many who never dreamed they could draw triangle OAB will show that line OA, will have easily learned cartooning. You too- fall below the lower wheel and hence the without any apparent talent at all-can car is in an unstable position. Get this FREE Record! DOUBLE -DISC phonograph record f two easily learn to dash off side-splitting car- 4. The darkening of an old beautiful ml Saw solos nest without electric light Hear the matrumen pesslbllltiee toons that may mean ease and independence bulb is due -to a thin deposit from the fila- ohargr.f this sensational instrument. for you within a surprisingly short time. ment is Complete Outfit that thrown off gradually while the Ne You learn right at home, yet your work filament is heated to incandescence. Sent On Dotes receives the personal correction of one of America's Triai foremost S. When an electric current enters a meter Nodread artists. Many students actually sell auat`athree enough work during their training to pay for it. it passes, in general, through two different short, simple coils in the instrument. One of these is a and Mail Coupon for Free Book muic. Learn more about coil of low resistance that is placed in series the wonderful money-making eherugerau whatsoever a(f opportunities in cartooning, and how this method with the lamps in the house. This is called Te assnardinof i makes it easy for you to learn. Read about death frriynds, our stu- the current coil. No current can pass pleyin lodance andbroadestras caet- dents-their success-what they say-how easy it or at was-actual reproductions of their work-how they through it unless power is' being drawn in ECIAL INT of DUCPta,ORYCOFFER made big money while studying. Booklet entirely the building. The other coil, one of high withSaCourse SPdof InstructionBow and hein,w Ryes free. Send for it NOW. Washington School of resistance, is connected dan obtain complete outfit on trial. Cartooning, Room 261-D, 1113 -15th St., N.W., directly across the line. It is called MUSSEHL & WESTPHAL Washington, D. C. the potential or voltage 833 ;.West Water St. Fort Atkinson, Wis. coil. Since it is across the line a small WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF CARTOONING, current will pass through it even when no Room 261-D, 1113 -15th St., N. W., is Washington, D. C. power being drawn beyond the meter. Please send me. is It bout obligation. your illustrated It is this current through the voltage coil FREE BOOKLET nn Cartooning. that passes through the lamp indicated it our circuit and thus makes it glow Help Wanted Naine to a dill: (Write Name Plainly) red even when the switch on the other side We require the services of an ambitious person to Address of the meter is open. do some special advertising work right In your The power used by own locality. The work is pleasant and dignified. City State this voltage coil does not figure in the meter Pay is exceptionally large. No previous experience is required, as all that is necessary Is a willing- reading, however, as the meter will not ope- ness on your part to carry out If under 1G years. please state age our Instructions. rate unless current passes through both coils. 1f you are at present employed, we can use your spare time in a way that will not Interfere with l' BIG NOVELTY BARGAIN! 10 Cts 6. An electrical discharge between the ter- your present employment-yet pay you well for minals in either regulator will heat your time. the plati- If you are making less than $150 a month. the ¡ir%TH num tube very hot. Now platinum when hot offer I am going to make will appeal to you. Your spare time will pay you Well-your full time Will YOROWUR has the peculiar property of permitting hy- bring you In a handsome income. drogen to pass through it while excluding Its coste nothing to investigate. Write me today I eE elf's and I will send you full particulars by return Into VusOCnder or 4t/6 at the same time the gases of the atmos- mail and place before you the facts so that you anywhere. Lots of Fun fooling phere. Furthermore, hydrogen can decide for yourself. the Teacher, Policeman or always tends ALBERT Friends. Barrels MILLS, Gan. Mgr. Employment Dept of Fun. to pass from a region where it is more 4851 American Bldg., CINCINNATI, OHIO, THE VENTRILO, dense to a region where it is less dense. a little Hence a discharge in instrument, fitsin the mouth out (A) where the hy- Yoa can have this bail -bearing. of sight, used with shove for Bird (ails, etc. Sent with full in- drogen is under pressure will cause long -wearing L. C. Smith Type- structions; anyone can ueelt, NEVER it to writer for 10 day Free Trial with FAILS. Also a 82 pass into the highly absolutely no obligation whatso- PAGE BOOK ON VENTRILOQUISM. Formula for evacuated X-ray tube, ever. After 10 days, if you are not Secret Writing, 12 Money Makin Secrets end FREE satisfied it is the greatest bargainbarges the marvelous whereas a discharge in the regulator (B) seamier saw just send it back. NOVELTY X-RAY you keep It, pay only 13.00 down, WONDER will cause it to pass from the X-ray tube to 10 DAYS then small month) parmenta. With I t vos can apparently tee the bones in yose fingers, the atmosphere where LOWEST PRICESY er made on - Mile, le,.el In pencil, etc; lots of full with this the density of the hy- TRIAL the genuinee Ball -Bearing. Silent outfit. Also 10 Big Magic L. C. Smith-late atyle - up-to- Tricks Free drogen is even less than that of the X-ray date,full every convenience with every order. -highest quality rebuilt, erfect Ail the above tube, although the actual pressure is very achi Year Guarantee. FREETO YOU NOW -Corn lete WONDER much greater. Course in Touch Typing; Taoist by 0f Waterproof Cover.. r:-:'a.>r..v.-:..- math Instruction *.fete" ' for lO 7. Adding the lamp (C) Book-A11 free now. Send todayfor j to the circuit re- VENTRILO COMPANY New Special Price offer and free 323 duces the resistance between its terminals valuable typewriter information. Dept. Norwalk, Conn. Smith Typewriter Sales Corp. p LARGE.T 1 OLLEST Mall Order House In to just half that of a single lamp since it I -360 E. Grand Av.,Chicago (Continued on page 873) FAMOUS L.C.SMITH

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 871 How I Was Shamed into Popularity!

For some reason I could never get out of the wall -flower class. But one night I had a bitter experience that changed everything. Here's what happened. By JAMES PRESTON You know, I once thought nerve alone was enough to get one by anywhere. That is, I thought so till I met Olive. You never in your life saw two people take to each other the way we did. It was sheer joy to both of us just to be together. She liked me a lot and made no secret of it, and-well, I'll admit I tumbled pretty hard myself. If only that dance party hadn't come along. But dances are what parties are made for. I sat out two or three fox-trots watching Olive spin around in the arms of other men. How easily and gracefully they glided along. And there I was, sitting back and letting these other fellows monopolize the prettiest girl on the floor. I felt like-well, you can imagine how I felt! I decided' right there to take a turn with her myself. Just a Poor Boob The fact that I didn't know how to dance well didn't mean anything to me-then. It looked easy enough, and I thought I could get by. So at the very first note of the orchestra for the next dance, I swallowed whatever fear I felt, and taking a hold that must have been screamingly funny if it hadn't been so pathetic-I started what I thought was dancing. Wherever did I get my nerve? And all entirely free. Here was an easy, ready to cheer! All I wanted then was where did that girl ever get her wonder- inexpensive way to find out whether I another chance to get on a dance floor. I could learn to dance, and a could just imagine how surprised my ful patience? I must have stumbled learn in friends would be-for I knew that now I twenty times-and then in the middle few evenings. could show them a thing or two. of the dance she winced with pain and A 32 -page booklet and the free test They were-and the girls are only too stopped to rub her toes. lesson came at once. The booklet ex- glad to accept when I ask for a dance plained to me how easy it is to become now. I haven't known a lonesome eve- "Jack," she said-her voice tried a ning since I mailed the coupon. hard to be friendly-"Jack, let's not good dancer-that dancing is as easy as Whether you've had an experience like finish this dance. I'm too tired any- walking once you know how-and how mine or not, take a tip from one who way," she added, struggling with her- quickly anyone can master the art. knows, and avoid the possibility of em- to be nice to me. It showed me how, rightin my own barrassment. You can do it-anyone can self do it-this easy, pleasure -giving way. I guess I turned a million colors. room, without music or partner, and Do as I did. Get the free book and test Just then I wanted the ground to open with no one to watch me, I could learn lesson and read them carefully. They can up and swallow me. It was quite a to do all the latest steps in a remarkably mean the difference between a life of hap- I again. short time. It explained how the ability piness, of friends, of good times-or a while before saw Olive life of misery, loneliness and monotony. But that night I sat up and turned to dance well gives poise and self-confi- Mail the coupon at once and enclose only that terrible experience over and over in dence in the presence of strangers-how 10 cents to cover postage and mailing. my mind. And suddenly it dawned it helps to overcome timidity and awk- Don't delay it. Do it now. Address : upon me why I was so rarely able to wardness-how it enlarges one's circle Arthur Murray, Studio 539, 7 E. 43rd St., New York City. make a date with the girls of my social of friends-makes one welcome at every set. With equal suddenness it occurred affair-and brings many hours of joy- Arthur Murray. Studio 569. a quick, ous fun and good times. 7 E. 43rd St., New York City. to me that there was remedy-a Without obligating me in any way, please simple remedy that I had read about send me your Test Lesson and a copy of your beautifully illustrated 32 -page book, both free, time and again, yet never heeded. What I Learned in Just a Few which tells all about Arthur Murray's remark- Moments able course in dancing and explains how it A Free Booklet That Started can make me a graceful, versatile dancer, right There was a lot more, of course. in my own home, without music, partner or Something That private teacher. I enclose 10 cents to cover booklet was a revelation to me. But the postage and mailing. The very next morning I mailed a free test lesson-well, what it did for me magazine coupon to Arthur Murray, amazes me yet when I stop to think of it. Name America's foremost dancing instructor, I tried the steps as explained and dia- grammed in the lesson and found that the Address asking him for his booklet, "A Short hardest dance step took me only a few Cut to Popularity," and the test lesson, minutes to learn. Was I tickled? I was City State

www.americanradiohistory.com L

872 Science and Invention for January, 1926 («s4u/IJd/uíe&&//di»eiì/s in Rau, Ul100A,1E0.

Do you want to

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month to month? 5,000.00 IN PRIZES halCanleDe RADIO NEWS With Makin' Tells you about the whirlwind progress of the mighty new force in the life of the people throughout the world. RADIO NEWS is radio's greatest and largest magazine, containing new hook-ups, up-to-the-minute news and information, illus- trationº and all the details of the great Radio Industry. SCIENCE AND INVENTION Contains page after page of startling, new scientific achieve- ments with plenty of news and pictures from every corner of the world. A never-ending panorama of events in the great world of Science and its co-partner, Invention. Everything in SCIENCE AND INVENTION is illustrated in pictures or draw- IiiEXPERIMEM R ings and many novel ideas are explained for home builders. n.eermn, - a.m. - on. tat,. The EIectro-Mystic THE EXPERIMENTER Crystal Globe Any man who loves to build things at home and develop and design his original ideas should read THE EXPERIMENTER. It is full of news, hints and suggestions for the experimenter and contains page after page of information on new experi- ments, large and small. Every word is of benefit. Inter- esting from cover to cover. THE EXPERIMENTER will afford many hours of pleasure and entertainment. Published and Distributed by THE EXPERIMENTER PUBLISHING CO., Inc. 53 Park Place New York, N. Y. r r. Get These Valuable Premiums EXPERIMENTER PUBLISHING CO., INC., With every subscription to any, one of our maga- 53 zines we are giving free, your choice of a beautiful Park Place, New York, N. Y. "Ekko Stamp Album," the new radio craze for keep- ing stamps of various stations logged, or a copy of Gentlemen: I am enclosing $ for a years the "Radio News Amateurs' Handibook," a compact, illustrated Radio Instruction Book containing over subscription to RADIO NEWS, D SCIENCE AND INVEN- 200 pages of radio data and information. TION, THE EXPERIMENTER. SUBSCRIPTION OFFERS NAME One Year's Subscription to:- RADIO NEWS $2.50 ADDRESS SCIENCE & INVENTION 2.50 THE EXPERIMENTER 2.50 CITY STATE Combination Subscription Any two magazines, One year each $4.25 Or any one magazine for Two years. PREMIUM DESIRED L

www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 873

It stands We special- ize in teach- I to reason: ing Elec- Answers to Scientific There is tricity. Rupture Healed no substi- Our in Problems and Puzzles tute for terests are (Continued from page 870) personal, not di- i practical vided nor -Never Returned training IsElectric. in great ity a side- offers another route for the current to pass line with M N. Then shops. us. between its terminal points and You Make this Free Test since the section LM has half as much resistance as that of MN it will get one- This is a picture of third of the total applied voltage. To be John C. Webb, exact, there will be 73/ volts applied to the taken in the bank two lamps A and C and 1462/3 volts to the a t Lawrenceburg, But since B is getting more than Ind. "I am entirely lamp B. rupture," Pays $60 to $200 a Week 110 volts it will burn brighter than usual, cured of to Properly -Trained Men! whereas the lamps A and C will be less he writes, "and I Get into this great field of opportunities. There's real since they are getting less than normal am glad that your money in it for you. My big Electrical Course is the bright invention d i d its result of 27 years' experience. voltage. COYNE conditions of illumina- job so thoroughly. Spend 12 Happy Weeks at 8. Under proper My has Here ens get a Complete Electrical Training on big, modern tion the screen has a good reflection or rupture apparatus in great shops. You don'tneed advanced education healed and it has or experience. Expert instructors guide you at every step. image in the window pane behind it. This EARN WHILE YOU LEARN-My Employment Dept. helps you never returned." get a job to earn part or all your expen es while learning, and image is not readily noticed because it is seen This is one of thousands who have been assists you to a good ,led] when you i -radante. Be sure to write today for BIG FREE 1300K and Special Offer. through the meshes of the overlying wires. healed of rupture by this new, scientific method. COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL But, for a given position of the obeserver Designed of a special type of rubber, with no 1300 W. Harrison St. Dept. 5431 Chicago. Ill. steel bands or hard pads, it constantly works for some of the screen wires will be in position your cure. So comfortable that it can be worn Send this Coupon nowfor BIG FREE BOOK to exactly overlap the image of the wires day and night with absolute safety-with no and DETAILS OF MY SPECIAL OFFER! behind, while for neighboring ajoining wires danger of the rupture slipping. It brings the not be separated muscle fibres closer and allows the H. C. Lewis, Pros., COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL of the screen the overlapping will rupture to grow together. r^^ I Chicago. III. 1300 W. Harrison st., Dept. the former case more light will a radical step in rupture treatment, Dear H. C. i-You bet! Send the Blg FREE 12x15 Book with exact. In Marking Its 151 actual photos of electrical acenes, also Special Offer. be reflected from the window to the eye than this new device can be washed daily, eliminating all irritation and distress. So sure in the latter case. Hence there will be danger of Name are we of what it will do, we will let you try it alternate light and dark regions which will free. Write today for the free trial offer and as striations upon the screen. authentic letters of those who have found health Address appear and freedom through this new method. OWN A TYPEWRITER FREE TEST OFFER Bay of Fundy Brooks Appliance Company Harnessing 172B State St., Marshall, Mich. Tides Please send me by mail in plain wrapper your (Continued front page 801) Free Trial Offer for cure of Rupture. Name Address electric sale to outside communities of City State power developed within the state. This has M .a been overcome by popular vote, while the sanction of Canada and the Federal water power commission remains to be obtained. Those who have visited the Bay of Fundy Your Choice and the country thereabout no doubt recol- it's yours lect that the great tidal current or' bore S2000 and which daily rushes up the Bay of Fundy if you clip this now and fall at The ace of writing machines-at a bargain price! A with great force, causes a rise Ifree trial, and easiest monthly payments if you buy ! the north end of the Bay of 50 to 60 feet. Musical This Underwood No.5-rebuilt from top to bottom- five-year-guaranteed-removes the last reason for not Mr. Cooper does not attempt to use these owning your own machine. Get our proposition with for the fact instruments new and valuable Typewriting Manual,free, unreliable tidal currents, except Typewriting Manual, large catalog, and that they will help to store water in his To Our full particulars of free course in touch scheme, as FREEat writing. if you mail this to SHIPMAN- upper reservoir. The present FREE Students WARD MFG. Co.,2161Shipman Bldg., Chicago. has to rely for its explained previously, Your choice of a Violin, Tenor Banjo, Hawaiian Gui- I:vame- power development solely upon the differ- tar, Banjo. Cornet, Ukulele, Banjo Ukulele, Guitar, high and low tide. Mandolin or Banjo Mandolin. You will be proud to 'Address ence in level betwen tide have The water level in the upper storage pool own any one of these instruments and you can You one absolutely free. A few cents a day for lessons is :an be quickly cured, if you will fall somewhat between high tides, while your only expense. Our system of teaching is so easy the water in the lower pool will rise slowly that you can play several pieces by note with the first four lessons. We guarantee success or no charge. STAMMER as the water discharge from the turbines Instrument and lessons sent on one week's free send 10 cents for 200 -nave hook on Stammering and pours into it. The mean head of water will trial. Write for booklet today, no obligation. Stuttering. "Its Cause and Cure." It tells how I reduced but a few feet, however, it is CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL OF MUSIC myself after stammering 20 yrs. be CHICAGO cured B. N. Bogus. Dept. 45. Chicago, Illinois 8124 Bogue Bldg., 1147 N. Ill. St., Indianapolis pointed out, and will not reduce the power Orchard and Willow Streets, output of the plant to any marked extent. One of the great outstanding advantages of this scheme for developing electrical en- BIG VALUE for 10 Cts. ergy from the rising and falling tides lies 6 Songs, words and musc; 25 Pic- Begin Today-Write for My FREE 130011.41 in the fact that no dependence has to be tures Pretty Girls; 40 Ways to Make ran make a good penman of ºou at home during Money; 1 Joke Book; 1 Book on pare time. Write for m e FREE BOOK, '.Hpe placed on seasonal droughts as is the case TTo Become a Good Peaman." It contains speci- Love; 1 Magic Book; 1 Book Letter n and tells how othersy mastered ame where fresh water river power develop- Writing; 1 Dream Book and For- chip bathe Tamblyn in Yore name will 1 Book; 1 Base elegantly written on a card if you a lose ments are under construction, as with the tune Teller; Cook %bestamp to Dar postage. Write today forbook. plant. If the summer is Ball Book, gives rules for games; 1 F.W.TAMBLYN, 424 file Bldg ,K City, U.S.A. Muscle Shoals' Toy Maker Book; Language of dry, or if there are but few snow or rain Flowers; 1 Morse Telegraph Alpha- Shoulders storms during the winter, it makes no dif- bet; 12 Chemical Experiments; Straightens Magic Age Table; Great North Pole -Increases Pep ference to the proposed Bay of Fundy plant, 3 Puzzles; THE NATURAL BODY BRACE-Corrects Game 100 Conundrums; .too ing shoulders, straightens the back, gives for the Atlantic Ocean will continue day in 12 Games; 30 Verses for Autograph Albums. All the lunge chance for normal expansion, induces and day out to refill the upper pool or stor- the above by mail for 10 cts. and 2 cts. postage. proper breathing. Brings restful relief, comfort. ROYAL SALES CO., Desk 145 Norwalk, Conty energy, and pep. For men and women. age reservoir just as regularly as clock- Costs nothing to try It work. The St. Croix River flows into the Wade Bench Lathe Write for 00 days free trial offer and free book. upper pool, which is Passamaquoddy Bay. Cap: 4" die. x 12" length. Sliderest has NATURAL BODY BRACE CO. Mr. Dexter P. Cooper, who has conceived travel entire length of Howard C. Ra sh. Pl 286 Rash Bldg.. Salina, Kansas bed. Lead -screw inside this tremendous power development scheme bed. Hollow spindle. is a brother of Colonel Hugh Cooper of Turning, facing, bor- ing, drilling, wind- the United States Army engineers who built ing, thread -cutting. No. I Lathe. plain headstock, $28.00 the Wilson Dam at Muscle Shoals, and No. 2 Lathe, back -geared headstock $58.00 Make money chalk drawing. Send $1 for snappy Complete line of accessories nt equally low prices Nets program of hick drawings, with Instructions by a which piece of construction work Mr. Dexter catalog sent free. THE GEROLD COMPANY Professional cartoonist. Satisfaction guaranteed. Dept 8 -II, 120 Liberty Street. New York Circular free. Baldo, Art Service, Dept. 4, Oshkosh. Wis. Cooper helped to engineer and build.

www.americanradiohistory.com "874 Science and Invention for January, 1926

Romance- Mystery- 11 _124C 41+ Martian Intrigue Against an amazing back- year Z660 ground of mechanical electri- R6rnauce of the cal and chemically altered A life of mankind there is set a brilliant and colorful ro- mance in the life of the greatest living scientist of that age. Ralph's love for the beau- tiful stranger, his conquest of his rival and the wortsing of the great saturnine Martian, culminating in a running fight in space with tragedy and terror conquered by al- most unbelievable and in- credible weapons, make one of the most interesting and gripping stories ever told.

700 YEARS HENCE enewifflimeno

IN 1908, Mr. Hugo Gernsback, Editor of SCIENCE AND INVEN- This unusual combination has, enabled him to foreshadow TION, published the first radio magazine the world had ever with almost unbelievable accuracy some of the more recent seen-"Modern Electrics." In one of these volumes he ran a developments. His earlier predictions, which have appeared story entitled "Ralph 124C 41+ A Romance of the Year 2660." from time to time during the past decade in many newspapers This story, although written many years ago, proved more valu- and magazines, are now realities. Every prophecy is based on able as the years went by, because many of the prophecies made accurate scientific knowledge. His ideas are no more fantastic in this book gradually came true. than the realities and commonplaces of our everyday life would This was in the days before broadcasting had even been have been to our great grandfathers. thought of, and before we had the radio telephone, yet all of this is faithfully chronicled in this story. ORDER BLANK Old-time readers of "Modern Electrics" probably remember the story, and EXPERIMENTER PUBLISHING CO., now have a chance to get the complete book. 5.1 Park Place, New York City. A pioneer in the electrical and radio field, Mr. Gernsback has a profound Gentlemen :-Enclosed find $ for which knowledge of the subjects, coupled with a finely trained and highly imagina- p'ease send me copies of "RALPH 124C 414-," tive mind. by Hugo Gernsback.

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www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 875

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Instead of spending from five thousand up The University Extension Conservatory, by adopting the Become More Efficient Personal Instruction Method, has placed home music study to fifty thousand dollars or more for an Courses i n Mal hemat ics,Chemistry, beyond Question as to results. Anyone can learn at home. elaborate pipe organ, the palatial home own; Psychology, Education, Business, Write telling us course you are Study and 40 other subjects command AnInstrument}7 minterestedin-Piano Harmony, er of today may spend instead but $1,000.00 AT Voice, Public School Music, Violin, Cornet, Mandolin, Guitar, either High School or College Banjo, or Reed Organ-and we will send our Free Catalog and have in his home one of the new radio Credit. Start any time. with details of course you want. 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www.americanradiohistory.com 876 Science and Invention for January, 1926 RECORDS NOW ELECTRICALLY Play. your Way to RECORDED One of the interesting new developments World's Greatest Popularity with a in the phonograph world, particularly in view of the fact that the new orthophonic Discovery a reproduce vibrations from 100 Thought &- sound box will There is something cosmic In Man, Beast and Lyon to 5,000 per second, is the newly developed Nature-One VIBRATION in Nature makes the á/..: whole world kin! Flying Ebony and Captain Hal electrical recording process for registering were checked to win Kentucky Derby, May 16th, Healy the voice or musical production. The elec- in order named. They did. Saxophone trical recording is done by means of a spe- Psychology - on - mathematical - basis cial electro -magnetic mechanism operating a together FORETELL BY SCALE cutting needle, as this mechanism The psychological color scheme, the styles, the Be the most popular with the needle are spirally traversed over advertising leads, the winning letters in misses day man in your crowd - win in the recording after day and year after year. new friends make big the master record blank Winning energy correct in Fifty-four consecutive - with jam` studio. The voice is picked up by an ordi- games of World's Baseball Series since 1921 and money! You can do it Dixie Series since 1923-Either the Psychology of a saxophone-easiest of all nary radio broadcast microphone, such as Place, the Pitcher, or an individual Player in instruments to play. 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www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 877 BURIED TREASURE can still be found in CHEMISTRY Good Chemists Command High Salaries and you can make yourself What Some of Our Students Say of This independent for life by un- Course: I have not written since I received the big earthing one of chemistry's set. I can still say that it far exceeded my anticipations. Since I have been studying with your school I have been appointed chemist for yet undiscovered secrets. the Scranton Coal Co. testing all the coal and ash by proximate analysis. The lessons are helping me wonderfully, and the interesting way in which they are written makes me wait Do you remember how the tales of pirate gold used to fire patiently for each lesson.-MORIAIS COUZ- your imagination and make you want to sail the uncharted ENS. and And then you I wish to express my appreciation of your seas in search of treasure adventure? prompt reply to my letter and to the recom- would regret that such things were no longer done. But that mendation to the General Electric Co. I in- tend to start the student engineering course at is a mistake. They are done-today and everyday-not on the works. This Is somewhat along electrical desert islands, but in the chemical laboratories throughout lines, but the fact that I had a recommenda- tion from a reliable school no doubt had con- your own country. Quietly, systematically, the chemist works. siderable influence In helping me to secure the His work is difficult, but more adventurous than the blood- job.-H. VAN BENTHUYSEN. So far I've been more than Pleased with curdling deeds of the Spanish Main. Instead of meeting an your course and am still doing nicely. I hope death on some forgotten shore, he gathers to be your honor graduate this year.-J. M. early and violent NOItKUS, JR. T. O'CONOR SLOANE, wealth and honor through his invaluable contributions to hu- I find your course excellent and your instruc- A.B., A.M., LL.D.. Ph.D. manity. Alfred Nobel, the Swedish chemist who invented tion, truthfully, the clearest and best assem- Noted Instructor. Lecturer and bled I have ever taken, and yours is the fifth Author. Formerly Treasurer Ameri- dynamite, made so many millions that the income alone from one I've studied.-JAMES J. JCETLV, can Chemical Society and a practical his bequests provides five $40,000 prizes every year for the From the time I was having Chemistry it chemist with many well known has never been thus explained to me as it is achievements to his credit. Not advancement of science and peace. C. M. Hall, the chemist now. I am recommending you highly to my only has Dr. Sloane taught chemis- who discovered how to manufacture aluminum made millions friends, and urging them to become members try for years but he was for many of such an organization.-CHARLES BEN- years engaged in commercial through this discovery. F. G. Cottrell, who devised a valu- JAMIN. chemistry work. able process for recovering the waste from flue gases, James I shall always recommend your school to my losses in steel friends and let them know how simple your les- Gayley, who showed how to save enormous sons are-C. J. AMDAHL. manufacture, L. H. Baekeland, who invented Bakelite-these I am more than pleased. You dig right in are only a few of the men to whom fortunes have come from the start. I am going to get somewhere with this course. I am so glad that I found through their chemical achievements. you.-A. A. CAMERON. I use your lessons constantly as I find it more thorough than most text books I can secure.-WM. H. TIBBS. Now Is the Time to Thanking you for your lessons, which I find not only clear and concise, but wonderfully interesting. I am-ROBT. H. TRAYLOR, Study Chemistry I received employment in the Consolidated Gas. Co. I appreciate very much the good Not only are there for service of the school when a recommendation boundless opportunities amassing was asked for.-JOS. wealth in Chemistry, but the profession affords congenial DECKER. employment at good salaries to hundreds of thousands who merely fallow out its present applications. These appli- cations are innumerable, touching intimately every business and every product in the world. The work of the chemist can hardly be called work at all. It is the keenest and most enjoyable kind of pleasure. 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Your NEW instruction from the very beginning is made interesting and practical, and we supply you Home Extension with apparato, and chemicals for performing the fascinating analyses and experimental / Division I work that plays such a large part in our method of teaching, and you are awarded the 66-X-West Broadway Experimental Equipment Institute's official diploma after you have satisfactorily completed the course. ' New York City Easy Monthly Payments Please send me at once, to Every Student even on Furnished You don't have to have the small price of the course to start. You can ' without any obligation mr in small monthly amounts-so small that you won't them. free Book "OpPortunt- additional charge this Day for it feel part, your We give to every student without The cost of our course is very low, and includes everything, even the ties for Chemists," and full par - chemical equipment, including forty-nine pieces of labora- ' - are no extras to buy with our course. Experimental Equip different chemicals chemistry outfit-there Our plan ticulars about the tory apparatus and supplies, and forty of monthly payments Places a chemical education within the reach of ment given to every student. Also please and reagents. These comprise the apparatus and chemicals »' everyone. Write us and let us explain our in us the your plan of payment and work of the course. The fitted plan full-give tell me about used for the experimental opportunity of showing you how you can qualify for a highly trained your 30 day offer. heavy wooden box serves not only as a case for the outfit special for technical position without even giving up your present employment.'' but also as a useful laboratory accessory performing countless experiments. Special 30 Day Offer Besides furnishing the student with his Experimental Equipment, we are making an additional special offer for ,AMPS a short while only. You owe it to yourself to find out ; INSTITUTE about it. 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www.americanradiohistory.com iS Science and Invention for January, 1926 "iJ R _>, grn ,w° Opportunity Ad -lets You will find many remarkable opportunities and real bargains in these columns. It will pay you toread and investigate the offerings made every month by reliable firms, dealers and amateurs from all over the country. No matter what you may be seeking, whei,her supplies, automobile accessories, the opportunity to make money, or anything else, you will find listed here the best and most attractive specials of the month. Advertisements in this section twelve cents a word for each insertion. Name and address must be included at the above rate. Cash should accompany all classified advertisements unless placed by an accredited advertising agency. No advertisement for less than 10 words accepted. Ten per cent. discount for 6 issues, 20 per cent. discount for 12 issues. Objectionable or misleading advertisements not accepted. Adver- tisments for the March issue must reach us not later than January 10th. The Circulation of Science and Invention is over 175,000 and climbing every month EXPERIMENTER PUBLISHING CO., IN C., 53 Park Place, New York City, N. Y.

Advertising A gents Agents Wanted (Continued) Chemistry newspapers at Develop latent finger prints with non -eradicating powders. Advertising in alt magazines and publishers' Agents: $11.80 daily pay (send for sworn proof) Intro- With directions 35 cents prepaid. The Rogers Laboratory. lowest rates. Rate Book free. Taylor's Advertising Service, ducing New Insured Hosiery. 57 styles, 40 colors, guaran- Itib Lake. Wis. Dept. 6, Freeport, Ill. teed seven meths. No capital or experience required. You simply take orders. We deliver and collect (or you can Learn Chemistry at Home. Dr. T. O'Conur Sloane noted (River, suit yourself). Credit given. Pay you daily, educator and scientific authority, will teach you. Our home Agents Wanted monthly bonus besides. 1926 line now ready. We furnish study correspondence course fits you to take a position as samples. Spare time will do. ltfacochee Textile Company, chemist. See our ad on page 877 of this issue. Chemical Card 6701, Cincinnati, Ohio. Institute of New York, 0e W. Broadway, New York City. Agents Wanted Full or Part Time to Sell on liberal Experimenters chemical apparatus and radio supplies. commission new Thermostatic Automatic Carburetor control Sell Lawlite Deflector Shields to motorists. garages, etc. No Catalog 5c. Chemical Apparatus Co., 4400 West End. Attachment for Ford cars. Increases mileage 100%. Makes any headlight legal ; 100 per cent. profit collected es Chicago. holes to drill. Attached In 2 minutes. Does automatically sold. Get details immediately. Lawlite Company, Dept. exactly what Ford Manual Instructs driver do by hand. D. 390 Greenwich Street, New York City. Master Practical Chem (cal Analysis through my Chart Cadillac now using Thermostatic Carburetor Control under Method, $3.00. Your chemical problem solved, $2.00. H. Ulanclte license. Write at once. A. C. Blanko & Co., Agents: No competition selling spectacles, guaranteed to Goldblatt. 1502 S. Laundale Ave., Chicago, III. Dept. 863TX, 602 W. 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Over 100 per cent Profit, Self -lighting Gas and Cigar Used correspondence school courses. All kinds. Sold Agents-Best seller; Jets Rubber Repair for Urea and Lighters. Everybody interested; repeat business. Sell indi- on repurchase busts. Big saving. Money back guarantee. at a saying of over 800 per viduals, dealers, subagents. Particulars Free. S. I. Bern- Lists free. (Courses bought). Lee Mountain, Pisgah, Ala- tubes; supersedes vulcanization bama. cent; put it on cold. It vulcanizes itself in two minutes and hardt. 118 ('hambera St., New York. is guaranteed to last the life of the tire or tube; sells to Agents Wanted to advertise our goads and distribute every rums owner and accessory dealer. For particulars how samples given to ronsnnters; 90c an hour; write for full to make big stoney and free sample, address Amazon ltubber Educational Pa. particulars. American Products Co., 5806 American Bldg.. Co.. Dept. 601. Philadelphia. t.'ncinnati, Ohio. Madison - Study Microbiology. 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Write for Free Prospectus today. International general agents. Metallic Letter Co., 441 B.. North Clark, -..3111111,111,111111111111111111111111111111111111,111112.1,,,, Chicago. College of Micrebiulcgy, 7194 West Grand Ave., Chicago. $10 daily silvering mirrors, plating and refinishing lamps, Battery Chargers reflectors, autos, beds, chandeliers by new method. Outfits furnished. Write Gunmetal Co., Ave. D. Decatur. Ill. For Sale-One Day Battery Chargers-Motor Generator For Advertisers on Sold Easy Money Applying Gold Initials. Monograms auto- Sets-Tangors-.Air Compressors. subject trial. Ternis I write letters, folders, booklets, complete folhowutu mobiles. Anyone can do it. Simply transferred from if desired. Ira Helmick, Box S-1, Troy, Ohio. manufacturers, mall order dealers. Long experience. Write paper; takes 5 minutes. Make $1.50, cost 5c. Samples for details. L. Taylor, Box 344, Freeport, IiL free. "Rairs." 1043 Washington, Roston. 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www.americanradiohistory.com Science and Invention for January, 1926 879 For the Photographer Miscellaneous (Continued) Phonographs

Have you a Camera? Write for free sample of our big The Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, invites applications Booklet of interest to all phonograph owners, free. Bernard magazine, showing how to make better pictures and earn for the following appointments on its Agriculture Research Novitsky, 14 Stark, Pittston, Pa. Sec- money. American Photography. 118 Camera House, Boston, Staff in Cairo. Director of Botanical & Plant Brsed!ng ,,,,1011111,111111,11101000,1,11111111111110,,,,111111111111111111111110111111111111111100110111111101,0101111,111 m 17, Mass. tion-candidate must be in possession of an honors degree in science or the equivalent and must have had special experi- a11111111,1111111n,1u 111,1111111,11,11111,1111111nn1111u11n0u1111,111111m11umum 1,11nnu11nuu,10m111,,,1101n11,1 Printing Outfits and Supplies ence in cotton breeding. The appointment will be on con- tract for a period of two years in the first instance and the Games and Entertainment post is rated in the Budget L.E.900-1140. The candidate Print your own cards, stationery, circulars, paper, etc. will be given in that class the salary to which his qualifica- Complete outfits $8.85; Job Presses $12, $35; Rotary $150. Free with $25 order our large die box. Send 20e for our tions will entitle him one -quarter of his salary up to Print for others, big profit. Ali easy, rules sent. Write plus Company, large catalogue of tricks, puzzles, wigs, sensational es- a maximum of L.E.250 per annum as expatriation allowance. For catalog presses, type, paper, etc. Press A-6 capes. Oaks Magical Co., Dept. 549, Oshkosh, Wis. One Economic Botanist. Appointment will be for two years Meriden, Conn. in first instance, at salary of L.E.540 and an expatriation m11111111111n1m111,1n,1 un 111u u11uunm 10m,1u,1,1 mmn,lu 111uu11nn111n11100uun 10,11111 m u 1,11110n0144 emalaulasuaaam,1,,,,1a,mm,,,,,,,,11,,,,,,, e,,,,,,,,,,,,,, l l,,,,,,,,,,,,,e,,,,,,,,,,,,11 e s e,,,,,,,,, eee a allowance L.E.135 per annum. Candidates should be in pos- Health session of an honors degree in science or the equivalent. Pre- Radio vious experience in cotton breeding is desirable. Note. The Egyptian pound is worth one pound sterling and sixpence. Attention! 50 Vacuum Tube Hook -Ups. The greatest Liberalist-Fundamentalist-who's right? The Universal Applications together with statements of qualifications and collection of Vacuum Tube Circuits ever brought under two Empire maires this controversy plain for the entire world. references (which should be In duplicate) will be received covers at such insignificant cost. These diagrams will be Particulars free. 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www.americanradiohistory.com 880 Science and Invention for January, 1926

They Called Me iHuman Clam' ButI ChanedAImoct Overnight

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